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Birth preparedness and complication readiness (BPACR) help to mitigate life-threatening complications. In this study, 405 pregnant women in their third trimester were assessed for their knowledge a...

Background: Trichomonas vaginalis has been recognized as a cosmopolitan parasite of male and female genital tract. This study was conducted to determine the prevalence of asymptomatic trichomoniasis among pregnant women in Benin City, Edo State. Materials and Methods: A total of 300 patients and subjects consisting of 250 pregnant women attending antenatal clinics and 50 non-pregnant apparently healthy subjects who served as controls were recruited in this study. The age ranged from 20 to 40 years. High vaginal swab was collected from each participant and T. vaginalis was diagnosed by microscopy. Results: An overall prevalence of 2.8% of trichomoniasis was observed among pregnant women. Gestational age and educational status of pregnant women were significantly associated with the prevalence of trichomoniasis. Conclusion: Asymptomatic T. vaginalis infection is common in pregnancy. We recommend routine screening for this infection in order to reduce the potential adverse pregnancy outcomes.

New onset hypertensive disorders arising in the second half (20 weeks) of pregnancy may persist beyond the puerperium. Using prospective follow-up data comprising information on 198 previously normotensive-non proteinuric women who developed hypertensive disorders after 20 weeks' gestation, we examined the prevalence and risk factors for persistence of hypertension after the puerperium. The prevalence of persistent hypertension was 25.8%. Compared with normotensive women, maternal age ≥35 years (OR = 14.89; 95% CI, 3.2-67.8), serum creatinine level (OR = 5.91; 95% CI,1.5-22.8), serum uric acid (OR = 37.49; 95% CI, 10.4-140.0) and maternal HIV infection (OR = 14.18; 95% CI, 1.5-132.0) were independently associated with persistent hypertension. Identification of women at risk of developing chronic hypertension after the puerperium can prevent morbidities related to hypertension.

To determine the outcome of induction of labor, specifically incidence of uterine rupture and reliable predictors of repeat caesarean delivery, in women undergoing induction of labor after previous caesarean section.A review of obstetric and perinatal records of 167 women who had their labor induced after one transverse lower uterine incision performed at previous caesarean delivery in a referral tertiary hospital in Nigeria between January 2006 and December 2009.The incidence of uterine rupture was 2.4%. Independent risk factors for repeat caesarean delivery were absence of prior vaginal delivery (OR 3.7; 95% CI 1.9-7.1), duration of latent phase2 h (OR 4.3; 95% CI 1.7-11.2), postdated pregnancy (OR 2.2; 95% CI 1.1-4.0) and previous caesarean for non-recurrent indication (OR 2.1; 95% CI 1.1-4.0).Choice of appropriate delivery option for this cohort of women based on the identified risk factors is essential to minimize the incidence of failed vaginal birth and its associated adverse maternal and neonatal outcome.

To determine the incidence of ruptured uterus as well as the clinical profile and management options in a tertiary hospital setting.Thirty-three cases of ruptured uterus managed at University of Benin Teaching Hospital (UBTH) from 1 January 2003 to 31 December 2007 were identified and retrospectively studied.The incidence of ruptured uterus was 4.2 per 1000 deliveries (0.4%). Majority (87.9%) of the patients were unbooked. Injudicious use of oxytocics (63.7%) and prolonged obstructed labor (60.6%) were the main associated risk factors. All 33 patients had laparotomy and 51.2% had repair of the uterine rupture only. The type of surgery performed was influenced by the site and extent of rupture. There were two cases of maternal deaths in this study, giving a case fatality rate of 6.1%.Rupture of the gravid uterus is still a problem in Nigeria. A proactive approach to preventing prolonged obstructed labor and curbing the injudicious use of oxytocics through education and utilization of modern antenatal and intrapartum care is advocated.

To determine the outcome of labor induction with intravaginal misoprostol among women with perception of persistent decrease in fetal movements at term.The study group comprising 107 women who had induction of labor at term for primary complaint of decreased fetal movements (DFM) were compared with equal number of women who had induction for prolong pregnancy in a university teaching hospital.Caesarean section rate (39.3% vs. 22.4%, P0.001) and birthweight less than 2500 g (11.2% vs. 2.8%, P = 0.02) were significantly higher in the DFM group with the leading indication for caesarean delivery being nonreassuring fetal heart rate. Also, the incidence of 5-min Apgar score7 were significantly lower among women in the DFM group. However, there was no difference in neonatal unit admission. There was no case of early neonatal death in both groups of women.Intravaginal misoprostol for labor induction is a safe delivery option for women with perception of DFM with reassuring nonstress test. Since all cases with persistent decrease in fetal movements had reassuring nonstress test, the reduction in fetal movements was most likely due to altered perception.

The objective of this study was to determine why parturients in a low resource setting fail to keep an appointment for induction of labour and evaluate the subsequent pregnancy outcome. The method used was a prospective matched case control study. Results showed that women with only primary school education were significantly more common in the study group (8% vs 1%; p0.05). The main reason for failing to keep the appointment was because they preferred spontaneous onset of labour (56.6%) and the 'spousal factor' (23.9%). Patients who were counselled by the consultant obstetrician were less likely to decline compared with those counselled by the resident doctors. Although the pregnancy outcome was comparable, failed induction of labour leading to caesarean section was significantly commoner among the study group (p0.05). It was concluded that social and cultural factors affecting the utilisation of health services should be considered by obstetric care providers in developing countries, to promote safe motherhood.

Background: Bacterial vaginosis (BV) is associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes, especially preterm birth (PTB). Unfortunately, there is a dearth of evidence on the link between BV and PTB occurring in sub-Saharan Africa to inform preventive interventions targeting BV associated with PTB. Objectives: The objective of this study was to evaluate the association between genital tract colonization with BV and PTB. Methods: In this prospective case–control study design, 82 women with spontaneous PTB (cases) or term birth (TB) (controls) were screened for BV. The diagnosis of BV was based on the Nugent scoring system. The association between BV and PTB was evaluated using multivariate logistic regression analysis. Results: BV was significantly higher in women with PTB compared with those with TB (17 [41.5%] vs. 5 [12.2%]; P= 0.005). Furthermore, the odds of BV with PTB were higher among women who had PTB compared with TB after adjusting for a known factor, marital status, which differed significantly between women with preterm and TB (adjusted odds ratio 4.5, 95% confidence interval [1.4–14.4]). Conclusion: Women with BV in pregnancy have increased odds of having PTB. Given the challenge of preterm labor and PTB, screening and treatment of women for BV early in pregnancy may be a veritable strategy to prevent PTB and its consequences.

Objective : To determine the causes and characteristics of maternal deaths in HIV-infected women. Design : A retrospective study of maternal deaths in a cohort of HIV-infected women. Setting : A facility-based maternal death review using case records and mortality summaries. Methods : Thirty seven maternal deaths which occurred in HIV-infected women were reviewed in a university teaching hospital in southern Nigeria over a 4- year period. Causes and circumstances surrounding each maternal death were identified. Result : One in every four maternal deaths occur in women with HIV infection. Majority (64.9%) of the women presented in advanced stage (WHO stage III/IV) of HIV syndrome while 86.5% had missed opportunities for antiretroviral programme. Pregnancyrelated sepsis was the commonest cause of maternal death. Other common causes were death from tuberculosis and pneumonia. Conclusion : HIV-related maternal death is emerging as a leading cause of pregnancy related death in Nigeria. There is need to scale-up preconception care and ensure comprehensive and sustainable prevention of mother -to-child transmission service for all pregnant women throughout Nigeria to reduce the burden of HIV/AIDS infection and minimize avoidable deaths from opportunistic infections.

To document the experience with social induction of labour (IOL) and compare its outcome with electively induced labour for prolonged pregnancy. A prospective matched case–control study. Social IOL was significantly common in women of high social class (78.3 vs. 45.6%, P = 0.03) and the commonest indication was because the parturient was ‘tired of pregnancy’ (60.9%). There was no significant difference between both groups in the mean induction to delivery interval, caesarean section and instrumental delivery rates, 5-minute Apgar score

Introduction: Enteric parasitic diseases are common in the developing counties and are of major health problem due to their high prevalence rate, and effect on both nutritional and immune status of the population. This study was conducted to determine enteric parasitic infections among pregnant women in Benin City, Edo State, Nigeria. Materials and Methods: A total of 332 participants which consisted of 232 pregnant women and 100 nonpregnant adult females were recruited in this study. Blood and fecal specimens were obtained from each participant. The blood sample was analyzed for hemoglobin concentration and the fecal sample used for investigating intestinal parasites. Results: An overall prevalence of 2.2% of enteric parasitic infections among pregnant women was observed while no parasite was reported among the nonpregnant women. Age, not always washing hand, occupation, source of food and anemia were significantly associated with enteric parasitic infections among pregnant women. The enteric parasites recovered among pregnant women were Ascaris lumbricoides and hookworm. A. lumbricoides had a prevalence of 80% of enteric parasitic infection while hookworm had 20%. Conclusion: Measures to reduce the effect of enteric parasitic infections among pregnant women are advocated.