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In this study we provide a vibrations analysis analytical solution of a functionally classified nano-plate including porosity, recognised to be porosities within materials with functionally graded grades (FG). In this study, the effects of material characteristics changes, including a ratio of thickness to length, aspect ratio, power law exponent and the porosity impact on FG nano-plate vibration is investigated. Compared to those achieved from other scholars, the latest solutions are. Using the virtual displacements theory, equilibrium equations are obtained. The effects of geometry, material variations of nonlocal FG nano-plates and the porosity effect on their natural frequencies are explored in this study.

The functionally graded plates (FGP) with two new porosity distributions are examined in this paper. In this work the plate is modeled using the higher-order shear deformation plate principle. The shear correction variables are neglected. To evaluate the equations of motion, the Hamilton method will be used herein. Therefore, the free vibration analysis of FG plate is developed in this work. For porous smart plates with simply-supported sides, natural frequencies are obtained and verified with the established findings in the literature. The impact of the porosity coefficient on the normal frequencies of the plate for various thickness ratios, geometric ratios, and material properties was investigated in a thorough numerical analysis.

This study presents the analytical solutions of free vibration analysis of simply supported nanoplate FG porous using nonlocal high order shear deformation plate theory. This theory contains four unknowns without the use of shear correction factors unlike the others. The objective of this article is to develop a model to use the function f (z) on vibration and the natural frequencies of functionally graded nanoplates nonlocal to study the effect of the various parameters. The validity of the theory is shown by comparing the present results with obtained with those reported in the literature. The effects of various parameters are all discussed.

Before and after the completion of a project we often encounter unforeseen events that affect the sustainability of the project. We understand that engineers and practitioners need to look for the best average or process in terms of quality and cost, to ensure project maintenance. Among the possible methods; we can quote the concrete reinforced by the metallic fibers between the pavement and asphalt concrete pavement, the latter will ensure the continuity between two materials (flexible-rigid). This work consists of studying the formulation of a metal fiber concrete based on local materials (cement, gravel and sand) and studying the effect of fibers. The results of this study highlighted the improvement of both the mechanical properties of concrete and the problem of cracking between the pavement and pavement concrete joints.

This work is carried out to investigate the performance of concrete reinforced with plastic fibers obtained locally (bottle waste as fiber). Bottle waste plastic was chosen because it is being thrown after single use and cause environmental problem. One way to recycle wasted bottles plastic is grinded into irregular fiber. Then, it was incorporate with the concrete and tests the performance of the concrete. The study was conducted using cylindrical and rectangular (cube) mold of concrete to investigate the performance of the concrete in term of mechanical properties. In this research, the mechanical properties that were measured are compressive strength, splitting tensile strength and flexural strength. The results revealed that the presence of plastic fiber in concrete will increase the concrete performance, as well as the concrete bond strength is improved and the cracks in the concrete decrease the use of fibers and reduce plastic waste.

This article introduces free vibration study of dynamically graded solar material plates composed and clearly assisted by a mixture of (Al / Al 2 O 3 ) and (Al / ZrO 2 ) porosity. Defects such as porosity can occur during the manufacture of these plates. The whole action of these plates may be changed. Porosity would be maintained by the thickness orientation of the metal. To determine the equations of motion, the Hamilton principle will be used herein. In this paper, the influence of variance of material properties in terms of the porosity factor on the natural frequencies of solar FG plates is discussed. The effects of aspect ratios, thickness ratio of FG plates and porosity factor are investigated in this analysis on their normal frequencies. It is assumed that for other researchers to analyze their findings, the tabulated findings will be a guideline.

In this paper, we have presented an overview on functionally graded materials FGM. An overview has been exposed on the development of FGM, their concepts, their properties; their main manufacturing steps. Significant advanced techniques in manufacturing and processing over the last decade have produced FGM using processes that offer great latitude in making microscopic and material composition. In the future, the FGM with complex shapes and properties, including two and three-dimensional gradient will be produced using the production, a technique that requires the computer. This potential means that the designer is no longer limited to a range of existing homogeneous materials, although many studies have focused on the analysis of this material, engineers and other professionals engaged in the design process with FGM. Use of the FGM seems to be one of the most effective materials in the realization of the sustainable development in the industries. The paper will focus light on above issues and each plays an important role within the FGMs literature and ultimately influences on planning and development practices. It is expected that this comprehensive contribution will be very beneficial to everyone involved or interested in FGMs.

In recent years, fiber-reinforced polymers (FRPs) materials have shown great potential as materials for repair and reinforced concrete structures such as beams or columns by externally bonding FRP sheet(s) onto the surface of substrate concrete structures. However, the performance of FRP systems exposed to fire is a serious concern due to the combustibility of FRPs. This study introduces the results of an experimental investigation on the behavior of the circular columns of concrete under a load of axial compression, confined by an envelope of composite materials (carbon fiber and glass fiber) and protected by a layer of mortar cement or plaster coating, after they have been subjected at various temperature (23, 120, and 350 °C). The specific objectives of this study are verifying the applicability and the effectiveness of the proposed technique to improve the behavior of concrete in fire resistance and evaluate the effect of composite materials and the layer coating type used. The results indicated that ...