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This study characterized the physicochemical properties and predicted the structure, function, and protein-protein interactions of bone morphogenetic protein 15 (BMP15) using bioinformatics tools. BMP15 was found to have a molecular weight of 45055.01 Daltons, sequence length of 392 amino acids, and an extinction coefficient of 55390 at 280 nm with a basic isoelectric point. Secondary structure analysis revealed BMP15 consists mostly of random coil (63.78%), followed by alpha helix (20.66%) and extended strand (15.56%) as well as beta turns. Amino acids with high coil structure like glycine and alanine, which are hydrophobic and flexible, represented the highest concentrations. Transmembrane helix prediction identified four helices located from inside to outside and three from outside to inside. SWISS-MODEL generated four protein structure models corresponding to sequences (Q6PX77.1. A, 5vqf.2. A, 5ntu.1. A, and 5hly.1. A) with sequence identities of (75.38%, 20.83%, 20.77% and 20.33%) respectively. Results correlate BMP15 with oocyte maturation and granulosa cell activation in follicular development. This comprehensive bioinformatics analysis of BMP15 properties, structure, and interactions provides a framework for further study of genetically inherited infertility, drug design, and new protein analysis.

Manufacture of an environmental polluting gas sensor with improved properties by controlling the preparation conditions of the photo-electrochemical etching technique (PECE). The amount of porosity, the diameter of the pores, and the thickness of the prepared layer of porous silicon (Psi) can be controlled by changing one or all of these conditions. In this paper, n-type Si with a crystalline orientation (100) was used, whereby PSi was prepared with the use of a red diode laser with a wavelength of 650 nm, using different radiation intensity, and with the constancy of etching time and current density. Through the results obtained, it was noted that: the porosity increases significantly up to 75% as well as the thickness of the PSi layer up to 1.45 µm with the increase in the intensity of the laser beam. Also, examining the morphology of the surface samples by field emission scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM) besides, the average pore diameters of the prepared samples were calculated. It is clear that the intensity of the laser beam used in the irradiation process is one of the important factors in determining the properties of the prepared PSi. PSi samples have been tested by FTIR to investigate chemical bonds on surfaces such as, (Si-Si, Si-H, Si-H2, Si-O-Si, Si-O-Si, Si-H, Si-O-Si). Samples tested as gas sensors and noticed that an increase in the sensing current to 5.3 µA has appeared with the increase of porosity value where methanol gas is used as background.

In the process of this work, the Pulsed Laser Deposition (PLD) technique was used to deposit nanoparticles of pure titanium oxide (TiO2) onto a glass substrate at temperatures ranging from 100 to 400 degrees Celsius. This experiment made use of a Nd: YAG laser that had its frequency-doubled. The laser had a wavelength of 532 nanometers and an average laser strength of 800 millijoules. To explore the optical properties, transmittance spectrometry measurements were carried out for both visible and ultraviolet wavelengths. These measurements were carried out. The results of the optical transmittance test showed that it was more than 80 percent, which indicates that it is suitable for use in applications involving solar cells. The research was conducted on a number of optical constants, including the refractive index, the absorption coefficient, and the attenuation coefficient, and the values of these optical constants were determined. The value of the refractive index was found to be 2.49 when measured at a temperature of 400 degrees Celsius and a wavelength of 550 nanometers. Additionally, it was feasible to calculate the density of the titanium dioxide coating, which came out to be 3.6881 grams per cubic centimeter after the calculation was complete. The use of a numerical equation was utilized to ascertain the connection that exists between density and base temperature. It is an empirical equation that may be employed in the process of calculating the density of the components that are being used, and it has the potential to do so successfully. This equation is one of a kind since it was produced via the use of a theoretical computer program, and it is specific to the results that were obtained from the research.

Revolutionary developments have been started in the field of superconductors since their discovery. High-temperature superconductors have been a focus of attention in advanced technology for many scientists because of their potential applications. Therefore, many changes are made in the products that use such materials. It remains one of the most exciting research fields and can revolutionize the physics and technology of the future. It is required to understand and learn the history and basic principles of Superconductivity for its better implications. Considering its recent discoveries, its current applications can be studied. The mechanism of ‘HTS’ is much easier to understand after the significant development made in the field of Superconductivity. The purpose of this work is to better understand and appreciate research in the field of Superconductors. Basically, HTS has been used in many areas, but much progress is needed. HTS can be used in optoelectronics technologies and countless other applications after the effects seen by such improvements. In particular, this review focuses on the high-temperature BSCCO compound and its manufacture by the Solid-State reaction method and the PLD technique, which could be useful to electronics technology, particularly optoelectronic devices applications. Superconducting electronics devices have a lot of promise for future high-efficiency optoelectronics.

Due to low water fluxes, commercial ultrafiltration (UF) membranes used in water treatment need to be improved. High-quality UF membranes were fabricated from polysulfone (PSF)/titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanocomposite fibers as substrates using the spray pyrolysis method. The influence of nano-TiO2 on the UF nanocomposite membrane was studied. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), contact angle, and porosity were evaluated to characterize the mechanical characteristics of the membranes. The results show that adding TiO2 to the substrates increased the hydrophilicity and porosity of the substrates. The pure water flux of the Thin Film Nanocomposite (TFN) membrane manufactured utilizing a PSF substrate coated with 0.1 wt% TiO2 nanoparticles (denoted as Pc 0.1) improved at a rate of 35.28 l/m2.h, and for a PSF substrate coated with 0.2 wt% TiO2 nanoparticles (denoted as Pc 0.2) improved at a rate of 44 l/m2.h. Additionally, increasing TiO­2 nanoparticle loading to 0.1 and 0.2 wt. percent resulted in higher water flow over 20 l/m2.h PSF commercial membrane. The results of the UF performance show that Pc 0.2 membrane offered the most promising results, with a high-water flux than commercial membranes without nano-TiO2 (Pc).

Drug delivery using nanocarriers is recommended to decrease the drug amount. To improve the different therapeutic characteristics of curcumin (CU) such as solubility, bioavailability, maintenance endorsement, and make it a promising, successful antitumor drug used for prostate cancer treatment. It was introduced to folate decorated chitosan (CS) coated Fe@Au NPs (FA-CU-CS-Fe@Au NPs). Fe@Au nanoparticle contains magnetic Fe NP’s core with a fine layer of Au NP’s synthesized using the method Pulsed, Laser, Ablation in Liquid (PLAL). These Fe@Au NP’s characterized by UV-Visible Spectrophotometer, High-Resolution, Transmission Electron Microscopy, (HRTEM), and Field Emission Scanning, Electron, Microscopy (FESEM). The smallest nanosize and the best result was obtained at different laser wavelength (532, 1064) nm. The mean size gained of Fe@Au NPs were (67.65, 77.88) nm. Obtained results exhibited that the laser wavelength plays a key role in the size, and dispersity of Fe@Au NPs. CU loaded FA-CS-Fe@Au NPs MTT assay on human prostate cancer cell line (PC3) proved that CU cytotoxicity can improve when they are loaded on (FA-CS-Fe@Au NPs) when comparing it with free CU.

A series of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles (ZnONPs)-functionalized Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes (F-MWCNTs) Nano composites were developed as antibacterial. In this study, chemical oxidation of pristine MWCNTs were carried out with a mixture of strong acids (3H2SO4 98%:1 HNO3 65%).The F-MWCNTs were used as templates to prepare hybrid material like ZnONPs decorated F-MWCNTs. Pristine MWCNTs, F-MWCNTs and (ZnONPs/F-MWCNTs) Nano composites powder were investigated using Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). Anti-bacterial activity has been carried out using standard agar dilution (plate count) method against Escherichia coli (E. coli). This study demonstrated that (ZnONPs/F-MWCNTs) Nano composite has a powerful bactericidal effect against Escherichia coli (E. coli) at concentration 0.5 mg/ml after 3 hr, which led to speculation that the combination of ZnONPs and F-MWCNTs altered their toxicity and improved antibacterial property of Nano composite.

Nanocrystalline titania powder was prepared at room temperature via sol-gel method; using TiCl4 as precursor and absolute ethanol solution. After mixing, the gel solution was formed. Then the sol-gel dried and calcined at different temperatures. The size of the prepared nanoparticles was reduced by Nd-YAG Pulse Laser Ablation (PLA). The characterization of the TiO2 Nanoparticles in two phases was carried out by X-ray Diffraction (XRD) to investigate the phase structure. The Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM) result shows the particle size of nanoparticles after laser ablation less than 10 nm. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) to obtain the surface morphological studies Results showed that anatase was the only phase in titanium oxide powders up to 500 °C, when the calcination increased in the region of 900 °C the phase transformation from anatase to rutile occurred in the TiO2 nanopowders. This paper shows a comparison between two phases of TiO2 Nanoparticles (anatase and rutile). Fourier Transform Infra-Red (FTIR) to study the vibrational frequencies between the bonds of atoms for synthesized TiO2 Nanoparticles. The Crystalline size of TiO2 Nanoparticles obtained was between (15 -70) nm for anatase at 500 °C and rutile at 900 °C. In FTIR analysis, all the peaks observed were around (400-700) cm-1 due to stretching and bending vibrations.