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Phyllosphere-associated microorganisms must deal with various abiotic stresses such as high-low temperature, low nutrients, and ultraviolet (UV) radiation. These collective actions may trigger the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and causes cellular damage. Cellular defense mechanisms such as morphological changes (size or appearance), production of photo-protectant compounds, and enhancement of antioxidant activities, all of which may contribute to the suppression of ROS and significantly increase survival rates under UV radiation. In this study, five UVB-resistant plant growth-promoting methylotrophs (Methylorubrum thiocyanatum (SD2), Rhodococcus kroppenstedtii (UK3), Methylorubrum populi (KD5), and Methylobacterium brachiatum (KD1 and SD3)) were investigated as adaptive strategies against UVB radiation. Exposure to UVB radiation revealed that methylotrophs changed their morphology to club or dumbbell shapes, and formed biofilm-like structures. Furthermore, Fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and Gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy (GC–MS) analyses of the methanol-based intracellular extracts of methylotrophs revealed the presence of carotenoids, flavonoids, fatty acids, and antioxidants. Additionally, methylotrophs showed enhanced antioxidant activities such as superoxide dismutase, peroxidase, phenylalanine ammonia-lyase, and proline content with increased UVB exposure (1 -4 h). These findings demonstrate the ability and various adaptation strategies of methylotrophs to survive UVB exposure. These adaptive strategies may be one reason for the promotion of plant growth by methylotrophs under UVB radiation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Reflecting on the insights from research development within Urban Biodiversity and Design Network (URBIO), this paper attempts to link the consequences of current global changes (ongoing urbanization, biodiversity loss, land-use changes, globalization, etc.) to the emergence and outbreaks of the COVID-19 pandemic. It analyses the main outcomes of the URBIO webinar (December 2021) and the URBIO conference (November 2022) and the results of the questionnaire survey among the URBIO experts on the impact of COVID-19 on the biodiversity, design and society in their local contexts as well as on the ongoing and future URBIO research directions. The survey also enabled to explore and assess a wide diversity of human-nature interactions as well as the novel actions and adaptation strategies established to have positive outcomes for both humans and nature. The results revealed the following aspects associated with the COVID-19 pandemic: silence, social distancing, isolation, conflict ideologies, and declined recreational and other human activities. Experts noticed the increase of urban green space visitation and interest in nature. The majority of the experts confirmed the impact (both positive and negative) of the COVID-19 on biodiversity and environment. General positive aspects refer to the value/significance of nature and biodiversity/wildlife and especially the contact with nature ("time outdoor", "time spent with family", "inspiration from nature" and "enjoying nature"). The positive consequence of the COVID-19 measures was also the improvement of wildlife habitats and the increase of spontaneous flora as well as fauna species. Experts confirmed the lower/decreased level of pollution, noise, traffic, light, anthropogenic pressure/impact, number of tourists, vehicles as well as less garbage. The analysis of leading research themes among the URBIO conference participants confirmed that the biggest number of presenters and participants were on the topic of biodiversity integration in urban planning, green infrastructure, and landscape design projects. Another popular theme was ecological restoration and urban wildlife and plant biodiversity. One particular research direction that emerged recently and clearly pronounced at URBIO 2022 was urban biodiversity in times of climate change and post-pandemics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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The cement industry, a key player in globalization and urbanization, has replaced traditional shelters with modern buildings, raising environmental concerns. This study examines the use of cement in construction in Togo, its impact on residents' thermal comfort, and adaptation strategies for sustainable construction and well-being. The research was conducted in Lomé, Atakpamé, and Kara through documentary research, photography, household surveys, interviews, and temperature recordings, involving 646 households and nine interviews. Findings reveal a high use of cement due to availability, ease of use, strength, affordability, and aesthetics. Cement houses are generally less comfortable than earthen houses, particularly in hot climates. Lomé and Kara experience higher discomfort, while Atakpamé has lower discomfort despite cement dominance. Thermal comfort varies more during the day. Residents adopt strategies like sleeping outside, wearing light clothing, installing awnings and false ceilings, planting trees, staying hydrated, taking cool showers, and ventilating rooms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Somaliland faces significant food security challenges due to climate change, exacerbated by political instability and poverty. This review focused on the effects of climate variability on food security and identified the adaptation strategies adopted by the local community in Somaliland. This review utilized secondary data from peer-reviewed journal articles, book chapters, and reports from national, and international institutions, collected through Google and Google Scholar search engines, based on their relevance to the topic. This review indicated that climate variability, manifested as droughts and floods, has adversely impacted food availability and access by disrupting agricultural production, inflating food prices, and destabilizing income sources. Consequently, more than one-third of the Somaliland population suffers from food insecurity and malnutrition, which have worsened since 2010. Households have implemented various adaptation strategies, such as mobility, livelihood diversification, and petty trading. However, constraints, such as limited resources, inadequate policies, and weak institutional support, hinder effective adaptation. This review offers valuable information for stakeholders and recommends improvements in governance, infrastructure, technology, and education, as well as the promotion of livelihood diversification strategies to enhance resilience and adaptation capacity. Future research should assess the impact of climate change, evaluate adaptation options, and explore local knowledge and culture to support food security and resilience. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Communities need to implement adaptation strategies to prepare for the challenges posed by rising sea levels. In the U.S., federal funding will be required to support coastal communities’ adaptation, yet little is known about what the general public thinks about different sea-level rise adaptation strategies. In two studies, we investigated how support for different broad categories of adaptation strategies (managed retreat, resistance, accommodation, rebuilding in place) varied among Americans. We hypothesized that perceiver characteristics (e.g., political ideology) and the framing of community characteristics (risk and resilience) would predict support for adaptation. In Study 1 (N = 368), we asked participants to report their strategy preferences for a community in their own locale, then randomly assigned them to read about a hypothetical community which varied in terms of risk and resilience. People were much more willing to support adaptation strategies in high-risk communities. Strategy support was predicted by political ideology, eminent domain beliefs, and climate change concern. In Study 2 (N = 1048), we sought to extend our findings by collecting data from a nationally representative sample. We manipulated community framings of social capital and resources, but these framings related to resilience had little effect on strategy support. However, perceiver characteristics mattered, for instance, eminent domain endorsement predicted support for managed retreat. Across both studies, participants supported adaptation and opposed rebuilding without changes. We describe the ways these findings might be used by policymakers, and the implications of the research for communicators. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Climate change is an urgent global issue impacting various life sectors, including health, agriculture, and infrastructure. This systematic literature review (SLR) aims to provide a comprehensive synthesis of research on sectoral vulnerabilities and adaptation strategies to climate change. Utilizing bibliometric analysis, the review identifies key themes and research gaps, highlighting the successes and challenges in implementing adaptation strategies. Key findings reveal that topics such as climate change, adaptive management, agriculture, public health, and food security are central to the research discourse. However, areas like health equity, sanitation, and agricultural worker adaptation remain under-researched. The analysis underscores the necessity for holistic, context-specific, and innovative approaches to policy-making, Scopus integrating sustainable development and public health to enhance resilience and adaptive capacity in vulnerable regions. This review offers valuable insights for researchers and policymakers aiming to develop effective adaptation strategies and address the multifaceted challenges of climate change. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract The analysis of the interaction between main bionts (mycobiont and photobiont) in the lichen symbiosis delivers substantial information about their preferences in the selection of symbiotic partners, and their ecological preferences. The selectivity in the Parmelia genus has been defined as strong so far. However, data on this lichen genus, which includes several widely distributed species, are biogeographically limited. Therefore, using specialization indicators and extended sampling, in this study, we estimated the interactions between the main bionts of selected Parmelia spp., using two levels of estimation (species/OTU and haplotype). A comparison of mycobiont-photobiont interactions at different levels showed that considering only mycobiont species and Trebouxia OTUs, greater specialization is found, while Parmelia species studied in this work present a more generalistic strategy in photobiont choice when haplotypes are considered. Despite the uneven sampling of Parmelia species, the interpretation of specialization within species and individuals of the genus leads to a more precise and accurate interpretation of their adaptation strategies. Furthermore, the data from P. sulcata indicate the existence of a different pool of compatible haplotypes in some geographical regions compared to neighboring areas. This observation suggests the potential influence of climatic factors.

Climate change, a global phenomenon driven by human activities like fossil fuel combustion and deforestation, is leading to drastic shifts in weather patterns and increasing the frequency of extreme events. These changes adversely affect ecosystems, economies, and societies by disrupting agriculture, threatening water supplies, and prompting migration, thus heightening social and political tensions. Initially focused on mitigation, the international response to climate change, since the Paris Agreement, has shifted towards adaptation strategies. This article discusses the transition from mitigation to adaptation, emphasizing climate resilience’s role in national security. The paper argues that while adaptation addresses the immediate impacts of climate change and offers tangible benefits, especially in developing nations, it has also led to the securitization of climate issues, justifying exceptional measures under the guise of national security. This situation underscores the urgent need for comprehensive global strategies that balance immediate actions with long-term sustainability.

Unique challenges have been elicited by climate change, demanding the utilisation of effective adaptation strategies that are both environmentally and economically sustainable. Regrettably, the agricultural sector has not been spared from the effects of climate change, but it is among the largest employers and the primary source of food security globally. The situation is worse in Pakistan, where poverty, hunger, and malnutrition are reported to be prevalent. The complexity of risks posed by climate change has called for climate-smart agriculture (CSA) technologies, which potentially could augment cost efficiency and yield in wheat production. Surprisingly, previous studies have largely overlooked this crucial aspect. Therefore, our research seeks to address two fundamental questions: What is the comparative cost efficiency between adopters and non-adopters of CSA practices in wheat production? And what are the yield effects associated with CSA adoption, particularly compared to non-adopters? To this end, a multi-stage sampling technique was employed to randomly select 400 farm households in a climate risk hotspot province in Pakistan, on which the stochastic frontier analysis (SFA) and endogenous switching regression (ESR) were applied. The results revealed that CSA adoption was associated with improved cost efficiency and yield. Interestingly, if non-adopters decided to adopt CSA, they would increase their wheat yield by about 20%. Given the importance of wheat for food security, this would contribute to poverty and hunger eradication. Therefore, our study conforms to the aspirations of the 2030 agenda by promoting rethinking food production through possible improvement in cost efficiency and yield in the face of a changing climate.

The impacts of climate change and soil erosion are significantly affecting agriculture in non-developed countries. In Mali, a country located in Western Africa, there is a drastic reduction in available fertile arable lands and water scarcity, which is damaging rural communities and affecting the development of vital infrastructures, consequently, decreasing people’s incomes. There is a lack of information about the perception of these challenges among the small rural communities and the possible adaptation strategies can be applied. Therefore, the main aim of this study was to determine local farmer perceptions of climate change, soil erosion, and adaptation strategies conducting a survey among 200 farmers in 10 villages within the rural municipality of Méguétan, serving as a representative study case. Our results showed that farmers are aware of the challenges related to climate change and soil erosion and are willing to adopt some measures but conditioned by a range of traditional techniques. The most common strategies are: changing the sowing calendar, diversifying crops, using resistant varieties, having an alternative income, and following weather forecasts on the radio. Stone rows remain the most widely adopted technique to reduce soil erosion, with a knowledge rate of 88% and an application about 29%. The study also highlighted the increasing vulnerability of farmers to climate change and soil erosion due to insufficient material and financial resources. We conclude policies should pay attention to services and partners that invest more funds in technical assistance to strengthen adaptation strategies and teach the population, considering nature-based solutions.

Abstract Purpose Global warming has led to an increase in the number and intensity of extreme heat events, posing a significant threat to the health and safety of workers, especially those working outdoors, as they often have limited access to cooling strategies. The present systematic literature review (a) summarizes the current knowledge on the impacts of climate change on outdoor workers, (b) provides historical background on this issue, (c) explores factors that reduce and increase thermal stress resilience, (d) discusses the heat mitigation strategies, and (e) provides an overview of existing policy and legal frameworks on occupational heat exposure among outdoor workers. Materials and methods In this systematic review, we searched scientific databases including Scopus (N = 855), Web of Science (N = 828), and PubMed (N = 202). Additionally, we identified relevant studies on climate change and heat-stress control measures through Google Scholar (N = 116) using specific search terms. In total, we monitored 2001 articles pertaining to worker populations (men = 2921; women = 627) in various outdoor climate conditions across 14 countries. After full-text assessment, 55 studies were selected for inclusion, and finally, 29 eligible papers were included for data extraction. Results Failure to implement effective control strategies for outdoor workers will result in decreased resilience to thermal stress. The findings underscore a lack of awareness regarding certain adaptation strategies and interventions aimed at preventing and enhancing resilience to the impact of climate change on heat stress prevalence among workers in outdoor tropical and subtropical environments. However, attractive alternative solutions from the aspects of economic and ecological sustainability in the overall assessment of heat stress resilience can be referred to acclimatization, shading, optimized clothing properties and planned breaks. Conclusion The integration of climate change adaptation strategies into occupational health programs can enhance occupational heat resilience among outdoor workers. Conducting cost-benefit evaluations of health and safety measures for thermal stress adaptation strategies among outdoor workers is crucial for professionals and policymakers in low- and middle-income tropical and subtropical countries. In this respect, complementary measures targeting hydration, work-rest regimes, ventilated garments, self-pacing, and mechanization can be adopted to protect outdoor workers. Risk management strategies, adaptive measures, heat risk awareness, practical interventions, training programs, and protective policies should be implemented in hot-dry and hot-humid climates to boost the tolerance and resilience of outdoor workers.

The analysis of the interaction between main bionts (mycobiont and photobiont) in the lichen symbiosis delivers substantial information about their preferences in the selection of symbiotic partners, and their ecological preferences. The selectivity in the Parmelia genus has been defined as strong so far. However, data on this lichen genus, which includes several widely distributed species, are biogeographically limited. Therefore, using specialization indicators and extended sampling, in this study, we estimated the interactions between the main bionts of selected Parmelia spp., using two levels of estimation (species/OTU and haplotype). A comparison of mycobiont-photobiont interactions at different levels showed that considering only mycobiont species and Trebouxia OTUs, greater specialization is found, while Parmelia species studied in this work present a more generalistic strategy in photobiont choice when haplotypes are considered. Despite the uneven sampling of Parmelia species, the interpretation of specialization within species and individuals of the genus leads to a more precise and accurate interpretation of their adaptation strategies. Furthermore, the data from P. sulcata indicate the existence of a different pool of compatible haplotypes in some geographical regions compared to neighboring areas. This observation suggests the potential influence of climatic factors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Climate change poses significant challenges to the grapevine cultivation for wine production. In the last years, the occurrence of extreme weather events such as intense heat waves and prolonged period of drought increased sunburn damage with negative consequences to yield and berry composition. Short-term adaptation strategies are urgently needed to mitigate these effects. In this light, our study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of zeolite application on the canopy and irrigation during ripening on sunburn damage, yield, and berry composition in cv. Sangiovese (Vitis vinifera L.). Over 3 years (2021-2023), canopy management and irrigation treatments were arranged in a strip-plot design. Canopy management treatments included leaf removal on the cluster zone, with and without zeolite application, and no defoliated control; irrigation treatments comprised irrigation from berry softening and no irrigation. Both zeolite application and irrigation reduced sunburn damage, thus mitigating yield loss. Regarding berry composition, zeolite application did not alter the main parameters whereas irrigation led to reductions in sugar and anthocyanin concentrations. These findings suggest that zeolite application and irrigation during ripening represent promising and cost-effective solutions for grape growers facing climate changeinduced challenges. However, further studies are necessary to optimize timing of irrigation to avoid detrimental effects on anthocyanin accumulation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose/Objective: The acquisition of a disability impacts one's corporeality and has been found to destabilize one's sense of personal and social identity. The article explores the psychological and behavioral adaptation strategies that are employed in response to resisting, incorporating, and/or integrating disability into one's identity. We refer to a study that considered factors that facilitate and/or impede disability identification, aiming to investigate the trajectory that the process of identity (re)construction takes. Research Method/Design: Seven individual, in person, semistructured interviews were conducted with adults with acquired physical and sensory disabilities. Data underwent thematic analysis. To encapsulate the intrapersonal as well as interpersonal dynamics inherent in identity (re)construction, the analysis was guided by an interpretative phenomenological lens and social identity theory (SIT). Results: Disability identification is a complex and contradictory phenomenon, with strategies of resistance, incorporation, and/or integration fluctuating by setting and circumstance. These findings represent a significant departure from SIT literature—participants rather made use of more collectivist as opposed to individualistic adaptation strategies. Arguably, progress is being made with regard to disability pride, opening up a space for more positive and affirming disabled identities. Furthermore, disability identification is largely facilitated by greater opportunities for political advocacy and social support—online and in the disabled community. However, stigma—internalized and external—is still a major inhibitory factor to disability identification. Conclusions/Implications: Recommendations for rehabilitation programs and psychological professionals working with acquired physical and sensory disability are proposed. Impact and Implications: This article adds to current literature by detailing a qualitative exploration of the lived experiences of disability identification in adults with acquired disabilities. Theoretically, the article provides a point of departure from social identity theory literature because participants made use of more collectivist as opposed to individualistic adaptation strategies. Collectivist strategies that promote disability identification are largely facilitated by greater opportunities for political advocacy and social support—both online and in person. Thus, rehabilitation facilities for persons who acquire disabilities should create greater awareness around online and in-person disability support forums. Additionally, the article argues that it is the situational and pendular conceptualizations of identity (re)construction that will further our understanding of the disabled experience. Disabled identification is found to fluctuate by setting, circumstance, and whether it can be constructed positively or beneficially for the individual. Rehabilitation centers as well as medical and psychological professionals should move away from linear trajectory models and be trained to incorporate more bidirectional and situational understandings of disability identity (re)construction into their work. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Salinity stress poses a significant challenge to paddy cultivation in the coastal districts of Karaikal and Nagapattinam, Tamil Nadu. These regions are particularly vulnerable due to seawater intrusion, inadequate drainage systems, and the over-reliance on monsoon rains, which exacerbate soil and water salinization. This study aims to identify and rank the key constraints faced by farmers and evaluate the effectiveness of various adaptation strategies employed to mitigate salinity stress. Data were collected from a sample of 210 paddy farmers across the two districts using structured questionnaires. The Garrett Ranking Method was employed to analyze and prioritize the constraints and adaptation strategies based on farmers' perceptions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pastoral communities in Ethiopia's Bale Zone face a constant threat: drought. The Bale lowlands are Particularly vulnerable due to unpredictable rainfall patterns. A 4-year drought cycle had gripped the region, as reported by the pastoralists themselves. Rising temperatures and declining rainfall painted a concerning picture, leading to a cascade of problems: crop failures, food insecurity, outbreaks of diseases, and increased child school dropout rates. This in-depth study aimed to shed light on the impact of drought on these communities and their remarkable capacity to adapt. By bridging the knowledge gap on drought's influence and local coping mechanisms, the study hoped to inform future interventions. The objectives were to identify the impact of drought on Bale's pastoral communities and to identify the coping mechanisms employed by these communities. The study utilized a mixed-methods approach to capture both qualitative and quantitative data. Data collection techniques included: Engaging with knowledgeable community leaders provided valuable insights into historical trends, community perceptions, and local decision-making processes, Facilitating group discussions allowed community members to share their experiences, concerns, and coping mechanisms in a collaborative setting and administering standardized surveys to a representative sample of households allowed for the quantification of drought's impact and the prevalence of various adaptation strategies. The Results shows all study locations experienced drought for four consecutive years (100%), Pastoralists reported rising temperatures and declining rainfall. The drought resulted in, Crop failures, Food insecurity, Livestock deaths, increased human and livestock diseases increased child school dropout rates. The study concluded that despite the challenges, the study revealed a heartening story of resilience. Bale's pastoral communities have not succumbed to despair. Instead, they have developed a multifaceted approach to cope with drought, including: Utilizing existing water sources and creating communal grazing areas for better water conservation, Splitting herds to reduce grazing pressure, implementing early morning grazing to capitalize on dew, diversifying livestock breeds, and strategically destocking herds before droughts to ensure long-term herd sustainability, Diversifying income through trade, transportation services, and petty trade to reduce dependence on livestock production during droughts. Leveraging the enduring strength of traditional social safety nets ("hirpa," "dare," and "hameessa") for crucial support and assistance during hardships. The study underscores the importance of supporting these existing strategies. Policymakers and NGOs can play a vital role by strengthening social safety nets, promoting the adoption of droughtresistant agricultural practices, investing in research on improved water management techniques and drought-resistant crop varieties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The soil microbiota is a key component of agroecosystems, and understanding its traits is crucial for effective agronomic management. Among beneficial microorganisms, arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMFs) are mutually associated with grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.), enhancing the ability of this cropping system to adapt to soil conditions and bolstering its resistance and resilience against abiotic stresses, particularly drought, by promoting root growth and enhancing the roots' absorption surface. The objective of this on-field study was to determine AMF species richness and diversity along with their relation to soil chemical, physical, and biological characteristics in two adjacent organic vineyards in Central Italy. The two tested vineyards of the autochthonous cv. Aleatico differed by the presence of grafted (Vitis berlandieri × V. riparia rootstock; AL-420) or own-rooted (ungrafted V. vinifera L.; AL-ORV) vines. To this aim, soil and root samples were collected and geo-referenced. Analysis of the AMF species colonizing roots of both AL-ORV and AL-420 revealed the presence of four species: Scutellospora alterata, Paraglomus laccatum, Acaulospora laevis, and A. baetica, with S. alterata being the most frequent. Mycorrhization parameters were higher in the roots of grafted plants compared to ungrafted ones. A high beta-glucosidase (BG):N-acetylglusosaminidase (NAG) ratio in two tested vineyards indicated that microbes utilized more cellulose than chitin and peptidoglycan as dominant C resources. A negative correlation between mycorrhization rate (MyCP) and BG was observed, likely because AMFs form mutualistic relationships with plants, depending on the host plant for carbon. Results revealed a positive correlation between the degree of mycorrhizal association and the species involved, with the presence of copper and nickel among metals. Negative correlations were found concerning soil clay content along with beta-glucosidase. In conclusion, the grapevine root system was characterized by a differential symbiotic relationship with AMF species, whose development is influenced by the root genotype, soil texture, and biochemistry. Specifically, the increased frequency of AMFs in relation to copper content strengthens the evidence of their role in maintaining a vine's production capacity in the event of soil contamination by this element. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Understanding and identifying appropriate adaptation optons for cropping systems and management practices at spatial and temporal scales is an important prerequisite for scaling. Pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum (L) R. Br.) could be regarded as a risk-reducing measure crop under climate change when coupled with tactical agronomic management practices. In this study, we assess the impacts of adaptation strategies such as cultivar type, planting windows, and fertilizer strategies on pearl millet production under rainfed farming systems over Nigeria and Senegal using the Agricultural Production Systems Simulator (APSIM) model. The impact of climate change on millet yield was evaluated using a validated APSIM-millet module that utilized yield data collected through participatory research and extension approach (PREA) in contrasting environments. The climate model projections for the mid-century period (2040-2069) were compared against a baseline period of 1980-2009 for both locations. During the simulation, two millet varieties (improved local and dualpurpose) with two sowing regimes were considered comparing traditional farmers' sowing window (dry sowing) and agronomic sowing window (planting based on the onset of the rainfall) at three different fertilizer levels [low (23 kg N ha-1), medium (40.5 kg N ha-1), and high (68.5 kg N ha-1) respectively]. The performance of the APSIM-millet module was found to be satisfactory as indicated by the low Root Means Square Error (RMSE) and Normalized Root Mean Square Error (NRMSE) values. The range for grain yield was between 17.7% and 25.8%, while for AGB it was between 18.6% and 21.4%. The results showed that farmers' sowing window simulated slightly higher grain yield than the agronomic sowing window for improved local millet cultivar indicating yield increased by 8-12%. However, the projected changes in the mid-century (2040- 2069) resulted in a decline in yield against baseline climate for both varieties and sowing windows, indicating the negative impact of climate change (CC) on yield productivity. The comparison between dual-purpose millet and improved local millet indicates that disseminating the improved millet variety and implementing early sowing could be an effective adaptation strategy in reducing risks and losses caused by climate change. Similarly, low magnitude impacts simulated on grain yield (< -8% in Nigeria compared to > -8% in Senegal) even though both locations are in the same agroecological zone. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Like many viticultural regions of the Mediterranean region, Santorini is also affected by climate change. These changing climatic conditions pose challenges to adapt the island’s traditional viticulture practices to the new climatic conditions of climate change, which will intensify in the future, with the use of short- and long- term solutions with a sustainable manner respecting the tradition and the island’s landscape. Viticulture in this region copes with high temperatures, heat waves and drought which affect the maturity process, the technological maturity, as well as the physiology of the grapevine. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of kaolin and calcium carbonate foliar application on water relations, photosynthesis and berry composition of vines of grape cultivar ‘Assyrtiko’, trained with the traditional training system ‘Kouloura’, under drought conditions and vertical shoot positioned training system in Santorini. The effects of foliar application with kaolin and CaCO3 on vines of grape cultivar ‘Assyrtiko’ were evaluated, focusing on the impact on the vine’s physiology attributes, grape quality, and environmental sustainability. Based on the results of the present study, there were statistically significant differences on vine water stress where the foliar application of inert films reduced water stress during the three studied years. Kaolin and CaCO3 increased significantly the photosynthesis and stomatal conductance of the vines in comparison to the control. Furthermore, the foliar application with inert minerals has reduced sunburn and pest damage. The results of the present study confirm that the application of kaolin and CaCO3 constitutes an effective and economical solution for the water saving of the vines in dry conditions, while at the same time, it can improve the physiology of the plant and preserve the qualitative and quantitative attributes of the grapes. The foliar use of inert particle films on Santorini’s traditional vineyards could consist a sustainable and effective alternative to mitigate the effects of climate change which have intensified over the last decades in the region. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Unique challenges have been elicited by climate change, demanding the utilisation of effective adaptation strategies that are both environmentally and economically sustainable. Regrettably, the agricultural sector has not been spared from the effects of climate change, but it is among the largest employers and the primary source of food security globally. The situation is worse in Pakistan, where poverty, hunger, and malnutrition are reported to be prevalent. The complexity of risks posed by climate change has called for climate-smart agriculture (CSA) technologies, which potentially could augment cost efficiency and yield in wheat production. Surprisingly, previous studies have largely overlooked this crucial aspect. Therefore, our research seeks to address two fundamental questions: What is the comparative cost efficiency between adopters and non-adopters of CSA practices in wheat production? And what are the yield effects associated with CSA adoption, particularly compared to non-adopters? To this end, a multi-stage sampling technique was employed to randomly select 400 farm households in a climate risk hotspot province in Pakistan, on which the stochastic frontier analysis (SFA) and endogenous switching regression (ESR) were applied. The results revealed that CSA adoption was associated with improved cost efficiency and yield. Interestingly, if non-adopters decided to adopt CSA, they would increase their wheat yield by about 20%. Given the importance of wheat for food security, this would contribute to poverty and hunger eradication. Therefore, our study conforms to the aspirations of the 2030 agenda by promoting rethinking food production through possible improvement in cost efficiency and yield in the face of a changing climate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The impacts of climate change and soil erosion are significantly affecting agriculture in non-developed countries. In Mali, a country located in Western Africa, there is a drastic reduction in available fertile arable lands and water scarcity, which is damaging rural communities and affecting the development of vital infrastructures, consequently, decreasing people's incomes. There is a lack of information about the perception of these challenges among the small rural communities and the possible adaptation strategies can be applied. Therefore, the main aim of this study was to determine local farmer perceptions of climate change, soil erosion, and adaptation strategies conducting a survey among 200 farmers in 10 villages within the rural municipality of Méguétan, serving as a representative study case. Our results showed that farmers are aware of the challenges related to climate change and soil erosion and are willing to adopt some measures but conditioned by a range of traditional techniques. The most common strategies are: changing the sowing calendar, diversifying crops, using resistant varieties, having an alternative income, and following weather forecasts on the radio. Stone rows remain the most widely adopted technique to reduce soil erosion, with a knowledge rate of 88% and an application about 29%. The study also highlighted the increasing vulnerability of farmers to climate change and soil erosion due to insufficient material and financial resources. We conclude policies should pay attention to services and partners that invest more funds in technical assistance to strengthen adaptation strategies and teach the population, considering nature-based solutions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mediterranean‐alpine plants are exposed to harsh conditions, forcing them to perform with well‐adapted physiological strategies to withstand the dual stressors that arise from winter cold and summer drought. Such growth strategies are not yet fully understood, although they gain importance with regard to the resilience of species in the face of ongoing climate variability.Here, we aimed at understanding shrub growth in a widespread Mediterranean‐alpine species, Cytisus galianoi Talavera & Gibbs. Using long‐term time series of stem diameter change obtained from dendrometer measurements across the species´ range, we were able to characterise its spatiotemporal growth plasticity. Furthermore, separating water‐related fluctuations in stem diameter from irreversible stem increment allowed us to disentangle the species´ seasonal growth patterns. Using fine‐scale measurements of on‐site environmental conditions, we were then able to identify micro‐ecological drivers controlling the species´ growth processes by applying correlation analysis and partial least squares regressions.We show the species´ adaptation to the spatial heterogeneity across its range for the first time. Our findings highlight that the combination of bimodality and overall high growth plasticity likely allows the species to cover a wide geographical range across alpine areas and over a wide range of weather conditions. We show the environmental control of bimodal growth in C. galianoi, and the importance of pre‐growth environmental control, leading to pronounced carry‐over effects. These lead to a major advantage in resisting adverse growth conditions and adapting to changing conditions.Synthesis: Overall, our findings improve the understanding of the species´ ecological niche and show that preceding photosynthetic activity helps C. galianoi to perform even under unfavourable conditions in winter and during the active growth phase, challenging the general assumption on the coupling of growth to specific seasons and suggesting that the species is capable of adapting to future climate variability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The issue of promoting peri-urban agriculture seems to be an important one in response to the various current concerns about the future of cities in the face of climate change. At first glance, these urban and peri-urban agricultural areas, which in the past served as a shelter for cities, are now threatened and increasingly losing their function of protecting urban areas from climatic hazards. This question is a priority when considering the future of agriculture in the context of urban expansion. We are therefore raising a number of concerns linked to multiple issues: significant reduction of land available for local agriculture, accelerated degradation of the city's natural environment, fragmentation of ecosystems, and deterioration of air and water quality. Around these questions, this research is structured to provide theoretical and practical knowledge that will enable us to place urban and peri-urban agriculture at the heart of urban concerns, in a perspective of reaction to climate change. The interest of this work is reinforced in the case of peri-urban areas surrounding the capital of Algeria, Algiers, such as the commune of Delly Brahim: a concrete example of a territory concerned by the subject. On the one hand, this periphery boasts important agricultural production zones in close geographical proximity to the capital Algiers, and on the other, it plays a fundamental economic, environmental, and landscape role in relation to its region. Between its dense urban residential areas, agricultural lands, and natural areas rich in resources, this territory is today confronted with numerous environmental vulnerabilities. The aim is therefore to examine the issue of preserving the agricultural sector and its role in mitigating climate change. This study is based on data collected in 2020 to analyze the current and future dynamics of these territories. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study examines the effects of climate change on Nepal's Manang and Mustang districts by analyzing temperature and precipitation trends, changes in glacial extent, and land cover transformations. Utilizing Landsat imagery from 1992 to 2023 and historical meteorological data, we assess environmental changes in land cover. The results indicate significant decreases in precipitation, particularly during the monsoon season, alongside increases in grassland cover and reductions in barren and forested areas. Manang shows a distinct pattern with rising snowfall, whereas Mustang experiences a notable decline in rainfall, underscoring the necessity for regionspecific adaptation strategies. These findings offer critical insights for shaping climate policies and developing robust strategies to enhance the resilience of high-altitude environments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Water use behaviour and efficiency are essential topics regarding water scarcity. Water is a life-sustaining resource used for various activities within the three primary sectors: agricultural, industrial, and domestic. Increasing competition among these sectors could affect the availability and sustainability of water use. The higher demand for agricultural-related commodities emphasizes the efficient and productive use of water. Still, to achieve this, the behaviour of consumers regarding water use needs to be changed. This systematic review paper aims to highlight the factors affecting water use behaviour and efficiency for agricultural production in South Africa. It further aims to determine how agricultural producers change their behaviour to improve their water use efficiency. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) criteria were used as a reporting framework and guidelines to identify the articles included in the review. The review only included articles focussing on agricultural water use behaviour and efficiency and articles written in English and excluded articles from web pages, blogs, magazines, etc. The databases used for the review were Google Scholar and Web of Science. The articles were reviewed by the five authors to avoid the risk of bias, along with the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The final review included 30 peer-reviewed articles. A word frequency table was developed using the NVivo 14 software to conduct a thematic analysis for the review. The main factors which played a role in the water use behaviour and efficiency of farmers were (i) climate and adaptation strategies, (ii) policy and water pricing, and (iii) agricultural production and management. Each category elaborated on how water use could be improved and the different measures adopted to incorporate sustainable farm water use. This could be a guideline for farmers, stakeholders, and policymakers to improve and enhance water use behaviour and efficiency in Sub-Saharan Africa, particularly South Africa. This could ultimately assist in efficiently using the water while enhancing sustainability within the agricultural sector and attaining Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) six, which is to increase water use efficiency. The limitation of this study was that it was only narrowed down to the geographical context of South Africa. This review was funded by the Water Research Commission (WRC) of South Africa (Project Number: C20222023-00798). This review was not registered. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Studia Ecologiae et Bioethicae is the property of Uniwerystet Kardynala Stefana Wyznskiege w Warzawie and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This study investigated the historical climate data and future projections under the SSP5-8.5 scenario for Jammu, Kashmir (J&K), and its adjoining regions in India. Agriculture is a critical economic pillar of this region, making it highly vulnerable to climate change. This study focused on temperature and precipitation trends. Statistical analysis and modeling methods, including cloud computing, were employed to predict changes and assess their impact on agricultural productivity and water resources. The results indicated that by 2100, the mean maximum and minimum temperatures are projected to increase by approximately 2.90 °C and 2.86 °C, respectively. Precipitation variability is expected to rise, with a mean increase of 2.64 × 10−6 mm per day. These changes have significant consequences for crop yield, water stress, and ecosystem dynamics. An analysis of Gross Primary Productivity (GPP) as a proxy for agricultural productivity using linear regression revealed a concerning trend. Although the total GPP of the study area remained stable over time, it declined by −570 g yr−1 in 2010, coinciding with a 1 °C temperature rise. Projections based on the expected 3 °C temperature increase by 2100 suggest a total GPP loss of −2500 g yr−1. These findings highlight the urgent need for proactive adaptation measures, including sustainable agricultural practices, improved water management, and enhanced socioeconomic infrastructure, to mitigate the impact of climate change and ensure long-term resilience and food security in the region. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Over recent decades, the Arctic has begun facing a range of climate-related challenges, from rising temperatures to melting ice caps and permafrost thaw, with significant implications for ecosystems and human well-being. Addressing the health impacts of these issues requires a comprehensive approach, integrating scientific research, community engagement, and policy interventions. This study conducts a literature review to assess the effects of climate change on human health in northern latitudes and to compile adaptation strategies from the Arctic countries. A literature search was performed between January and April 2024 for papers published after 2000, using the electronic databases Web of Science, Pubmed, Science Direct, Scopus, Google Scholar, and eLibrary.RU, with specific questions formulated to direct the search: (i) What are the climate changes? (ii) How does climate change affect human health? (iii) What adaptation measures and policies are required? The key phrases "climate change", "human health", "adaptation practices", and "Arctic" were employed for searching. Ultimately, 56 relevant studies were identified, reviewing health risks such as infectious diseases, mental health issues, and diseases connected with extreme weather events; wildfires and their associated pollution; permafrost degradation; pure water; and food quality. The paper also examines mitigation and adaptation strategies at all levels of governance, emphasizing the need for international cooperation and policy action to combat negative health outcomes, investments in healthcare infrastructure, emergency preparedness, and public health education. Incorporating diverse perspectives, including Indigenous knowledge, Community-Based Adaptation, EcoHealth and One Health approaches, is crucial for effectively addressing the health risks associated with climate change. In conclusion, the paper proposes adaptation strategies to mitigate the health impacts of climate change in the Arctic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Global warming has led to an increase in the number and intensity of extreme heat events, posing a significant threat to the health and safety of workers, especially those working outdoors, as they often have limited access to cooling strategies. The present systematic literature review (a) summarizes the current knowledge on the impacts of climate change on outdoor workers, (b) provides historical background on this issue, (c) explores factors that reduce and increase thermal stress resilience, (d) discusses the heat mitigation strategies, and (e) provides an overview of existing policy and legal frameworks on occupational heat exposure among outdoor workers. Materials and methods: In this systematic review, we searched scientific databases including Scopus (N = 855), Web of Science (N = 828), and PubMed (N = 202). Additionally, we identified relevant studies on climate change and heat-stress control measures through Google Scholar (N = 116) using specific search terms. In total, we monitored 2001 articles pertaining to worker populations (men = 2921; women = 627) in various outdoor climate conditions across 14 countries. After full-text assessment, 55 studies were selected for inclusion, and finally, 29 eligible papers were included for data extraction. Results: Failure to implement effective control strategies for outdoor workers will result in decreased resilience to thermal stress. The findings underscore a lack of awareness regarding certain adaptation strategies and interventions aimed at preventing and enhancing resilience to the impact of climate change on heat stress prevalence among workers in outdoor tropical and subtropical environments. However, attractive alternative solutions from the aspects of economic and ecological sustainability in the overall assessment of heat stress resilience can be referred to acclimatization, shading, optimized clothing properties and planned breaks. Conclusion: The integration of climate change adaptation strategies into occupational health programs can enhance occupational heat resilience among outdoor workers. Conducting cost-benefit evaluations of health and safety measures for thermal stress adaptation strategies among outdoor workers is crucial for professionals and policymakers in low- and middle-income tropical and subtropical countries. In this respect, complementary measures targeting hydration, work-rest regimes, ventilated garments, self-pacing, and mechanization can be adopted to protect outdoor workers. Risk management strategies, adaptive measures, heat risk awareness, practical interventions, training programs, and protective policies should be implemented in hot-dry and hot-humid climates to boost the tolerance and resilience of outdoor workers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Raphanus sativus L. is a potential source of raw material for biodiesel fuel due to the high oil content in its grains. In Brazil, this species is cultivated in the low rainfall off-season, which limits the productivity of the crop. The present study investigated the effects of water restriction on the physiological and biochemical responses, production components, and oil quality of R. sativus at different development stages. The treatments consisted of 100% water replacement (control), 66%, and 33% of field capacity during the phenological stages of vegetative growth, flowering, and grain filling. We evaluated characteristics of water relations, gas exchange, chlorophyll a fluorescence, chloroplast pigment, proline, and sugar content. The production components and chemical properties of the oil were also determined at the end of the harvest cycle. Drought tolerance of R. sativus was found to be mediated primarily during the vegetative growth stage by changes in photosynthetic metabolism, stability of photochemical efficiency, increased proline concentrations, and maintenance of tissue hydration. Grain filling was most sensitive to water limitation and showed a reduction in yield and oil content. However, the chemical composition of the oil was not altered by the water deficit. Our data suggest that R. sativus is a drought-tolerant species. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Frequent extreme weather events result in substantial economic losses for farming communities, posing a significant threat to the livelihood security of smallholder farmers in the Sundarbans region of India. Various agricultural enterprises in this area are continually at risk due to saline water intrusion, crop damage from heavy rainfall, and flooding. We examine the strategies farmers have adopted to sustain their livelihoods in the face of these extreme weather events. We collected primary data from a randomly selected sample of 1,200 farmers across six blocks in the Sundarbans region, focussing on farm households engaged in diverse agricultural enterprises, including field crop cultivation, livestock rearing, and fish farming. We used the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) to prioritize the coping mechanisms adopted by these farming communities. The assessment of coping mechanisms was based on four criteria: ease of implementation, cost, effectiveness, and durability for long-term application. Effectiveness got the highest weights of 0.492 followed by the durability of the coping strategy weights of 0.309. Coping mechanisms pertaining to managing soil health against soil salinity, raising livestock and fish species as well as cultivating field crops were identified and prioritized according to their perceived efficacy against extreme weather events. Our results can inform the formulation of robust and sustainable development policies for agricultural and allied sectors in the Indian Sundarbans. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper introduces an index to assess the adaptive capacity of Indigenous Lands in the context of climate change vulnerability. The index was developed considering two sub-indices, one to evaluate the indigenous autonomy and ability to self-organise and establish relationships with other groups and the surrounding society, and the other to assess the level of protection of the Indigenous Land surroundings. The aim is to guide integrated climate adaptation strategies for electricity companies operating near Indigenous Land. The paper also presents an application of the proposed index in the Belo Monte hydropower plant in the Amazon region, with a strong presence of Indigenous Lands and one of Brazil's most important hydropower plants. The results made it possible to compare the adaptive capacity of the Indigenous Lands and evaluate their different degrees of engagement and environmental protection, which can help in the proposition of adaptation actions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Climate-induced migration presents a growing challenge with significant humanitarian, social, and policy implications. This article examines the complex relationship between climate change and migration, exploring environmental impacts, socioeconomic consequences, and the different types of climate-induced migration, including internal displacement and cross-border migration. The article also highlights the current challenges in managing climate-induced displacement, such as legal and policy gaps, human rights and protection concerns, capacity constraints, and social integration and cultural challenges. The article emphasizes the importance of developing comprehensive policies and strategies to address climate-induced migration. It outlines potential approaches, such as enhancing global and regional frameworks, legally recognizing climate migrants, expanding support for regional and international cooperation, integrating climate-induced migration into national climate change and development plans, and investing in climate-resilient infrastructure and livelihoods. It also discusses case studies of successful policy responses to climate-induced migration and offers lessons learned and best practices. In conclusion, the article underscores the significance of proactive policy development, collaboration, and ongoing research and monitoring of climate-induced migration trends. By adopting best practices and learning from existing successes, policymakers can develop robust strategies to manage the growing challenge of climate-induced displacement and support vulnerable communities in the face of climate change. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study analyzes the factors that influence the choice of saltwater intrusion adaptation strategies of farmers living in Vietnam's Central Coastal region, using a multinomial choice model fitted to data from a cross-sectional survey of 414 farmers. The adaptation strategies identified include cultivating new varieties of rice or switching to papyrus planting, vegetable planting, shrimp production, or lotus--fish production. The results reveal that family size decreases the likelihood of applying new varieties of rice and plant papyrus but increases the probability of applying shrimp production. The level of education of the household's head negatively impacts the probability of switching to new varieties of rice and shrimp production but positively affects the odds of implementing papyrus and vegetable production. The older, more experienced farmers are more likely to cultivate new varieties of rice. Regarding the farm's characteristics, the higher the percentage of salted land and the less serious the saltwater intrusion level, the higher the probability of switching to shrimp or lotus--fish production. Access to information from the local authorities, taking part in training courses, and being a member of Vietnamese Women Union all promote adaptation to saltwater intrusion. From a policy perspective, we recommend that the government develop official media channels to promote saltwater intrusion adaptation, organize more training courses for farmers, support the activities of the Woman Union, and relax constraints on accessing public credit. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study examines the possible effects of climate change on sorghum in the western zone (WZ) comprising Coimbatore, Tirupur, and Erode districts of Tamil Nadu. The DSSAT crop simulation model was used to simulate sorghum yields with considering various planting dates and amounts of fertilizer application. The downscaled CCSM4 climate model data was utilized for the historical baseline period spanning from 1991 to 2020, as well as for future pridicted data from 2021 to 2099, under the RCP 4.5 scenarios. The key findings indicate that there is a projected yield decline range of -1.3% to -12.5% for the near century (2021-2040), -6.2% to -23.7% for the mid-century (2041-2070), and -12.6% to -30.5% for the end century (2071-2099). The sorghum yield experiences a high decrease at the end of the century (276.83 kg ha-1), mid-century (178.16 kg ha-1), and lastly in the near century (89.4 kg ha-1). The study revealed that a enhanced fertilizer application can have a minor positive effect on sorghum productivity. The study underscores the significant threat that climate change poses to food security in Tamil Nadu and emphasizes the need for adaptation strategies to protect agricultural productivity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Climate change has emerged as one of our most pressing global challenges, with far-reaching implications for various sectors, including agriculture. The Earth's climate is undergoing significant changes, primarily driven by human activities such as burning fossil fuels and deforestation. These changes result in rising temperatures, changing precipitation patterns, and more frequent extreme weather events. Consequently, the agricultural sector, which relies heavily on stable climatic conditions, faces numerous challenges threatening global food security and livelihoods. The present study deals with the issue of climate change and its impact on yields and agricultural production in the province of Khemisset. The methodology used is a combination approach of quantitative and qualitative research. Among other tools for processing data were descriptive statistics and principal component analysis. In total, 120 research units are surveyed in the study area; the number of farmers is not homogeneous, and four categories of producers have been formed to analyze the perceptions and farmer strategies developed. They have been chosen according to the soil, vegetation, and livestock type. The main conclusions derived from the study results are: We observed a negative evolution of climate parameters during the period 1985–2015. Virtually all the producers of the area studied perceive a negative evolution of the different climatic parameters, which is consistent in most cases with the analysis of meteorological data. The changes and climate variability have negative impacts on agriculture. The local populations have a good understanding of the evolution of agricultural yields. Using fertilizers, crop rotation, early varieties of crops, and other types of adaptations are the responses of some farmers from the Zemmour tribes to the effects of climate change. Climate change is already affecting agriculture and will continue to do so. It is crucial to highlight the immediate requirement for inclusive measures to address and adjust to the consequences of climate change on agriculture to guarantee the endurance, sustainability, and food security of our agricultural systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Climate change studies are diverse with no single study giving a comprehensive review of climate change impacts, adaptation strategies, and policy development in West Africa. The unavailability of an all-inclusive study to serve as a guide for practitioners affects the effectiveness of climate change adaptation strategies proposed and adopted in the West African sub-region. The purpose of this study was to review the impacts of climate change risks on the crop, fishery, and livestock sectors, as well as the climate change adaptation strategies and climate-related policies aimed at helping to build resilient agricultural production systems in West Africa. The review process followed a series of rigorous stages until the final selection of 56 articles published from 2009 to 2023. Generally, the results highlighted the adverse effects of climate change risks on food security. We found a continuous decline in food crop production. Additionally, the livestock sector experienced morbidity and mortality, as well as reduction in meat and milk production. The fishery sector recorded loss of fingerlings, reduction in fish stocks, and destruction of mariculture and aquaculture. In West Africa, climate-smart agriculture technologies, physical protection of fishing, and inclusion of gender perspectives in programs appear to be the major adaptation strategies. The study therefore recommends the inclusion of ecosystem and biodiversity restoration, weather insurance, replacement of unsafe vessels, and strengthening gender equality in all climate change mitigation programs, as these will help to secure enough food for present and future generations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of International Forestry Review is the property of Commonwealth Forestry Association and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Urban parks serve as vital spaces for leisure, social interaction, and nature engagement. At the same time, climate change disproportionately impacts densely populated megacities. While extensive research exists on climate change's effects on mortality, agriculture, and economic activities, less is known about its impact on urban park usage. Understanding their temporal usage and how temperature changes affect park visitation is crucial for maximizing park benefits and building resiliency. This study analyzes long-term, hourly park visitation data on Dallas, Texas, using digital trace data from SafeGraph (San Francisco, CA, USA), which covers mobile records from approximately 10% of U.S. devices. We focus on five established parks in Dallas and examine their historical temperature data from 2018 to 2022. Descriptive statistics and scatter graphs are utilized to analyze temperature- and demographic-specific visitation patterns. The results of the study highlight the impact of climate change on park visitation and reveal how extreme temperatures influence visitation patterns across parks in Dallas. Additionally, this study explores the differences in visitation based on weekdays versus weekends and highlights demographic disparities. Notably, we examine the implications of nighttime park usage during extreme heat conditions. Our work is informative for urban planners seeking to improve park facilities and comfort amid climate change, ultimately enhancing the resilience and well-being of urban communities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study assesses the effects of climate change adaptation strategies (CCAS) on household food security among smallholder poultry farmers (SPFs). Using a multi-stage sampling approach, 360 smallholder farmers were surveyed through questionnaires and focus group discussions (FGDs). Percentages, mean score, and endogenous switching probit model (ESPM) were employed for analysis, shedding light on the relationship between adaptation strategies and food security. The probit regression revealed significant influences of sex, age, infrastructure, and external organizations on the adoption decisions of CCAS among SPFs. It further showed that adaptation strategies; water ventilation, traditional practices, medicines and vitamins have a significant impact on the HFS. Therefore, it is advised that policies be put in place to help SPFs make better choices regarding the use of CCAS, and these strategies should be included in policies and investment plans. To enhance the circumstances in which farmers can obtain knowledge about climate change, stakeholders and the government must work together.

Smallholder farmers in South Africa are increasingly vulnerable to the adverse effects of climate change, posing significant threats to their livelihoods and food security. This systematic literature review investigates the several impacts of climate change on smallholder farmers across the country. The literature review used a systematic approach to search for relevant research across three academic databases such as Google scholar, Consensus, and Zendy. Based on the inclusion criteria for the literature review, 261 articles were initially screened, and 35 articles were included in the systematic review. This process helped to identify the most relevant and high-quality studies on the topic. The data extracted from the 35 articles were analyzed and synthesized to identify the impact of climate change on the livelihoods of smallholder farmers. This helped to identify commonalities and differences across the literature, and to draw conclusions about the impact of climate change on the livelihoods of smallholder farmers. The study identified and examined the specific challenges faced by smallholder farmers, including the loss of livestock, reduced crop yields and heightened economic hardship. Additionally, the review explores the coping strategies employed by farmers to mitigate these challenges and adapt to the evolving climatic conditions. The findings highlight the urgent need for targeted interventions and support mechanisms aimed at enhancing the resilience of smallholder farmers and ensuring the long-term sustainability of agricultural practices amidst the challenges posed by climate change. Furthermore, the study provides valuable recommendations for policymakers, agriculturalists, and other stakeholders to address the identified issues and support smallholder farmers in adapting to climate change.

During the process of forest succession, coexisting plant species fulfill diverse functions by modifying the interrelationships among functional traits. Examining the interrelationships of functional traits across multiple dimensions would enable a comprehensive understanding of the plants’ adaptive strategies during forest succession. Plant trait networks (PTNs) comprehensively capture and visualize these intricate relationships among functional traits. Nonetheless, the changes in PTNs during forest secondary succession remain unclear. In this study, we measured 24 functional traits related to leaf resource acquisition, photosynthesis, hydraulics, and physical defense across tree species at three successional stages: young forest (YF), intermediate forest (IF), and old-growth forest (OF) in the Ailao Mountains, Southwest China. We established leaf trait networks (LTNs) to investigate the interrelationships among functional traits during forest succession. Our results revealed a decrease in the Edge Density decreased and an increase in the Modularity as succession advanced. In the YF stage, leaf nitrogen, photosynthetic rate, and force to punch were the hub traits; whereas, canopy exposure and leaf dry mass were highly connected traits in the IF and OF stages, respectively. The connectivity of highly connected traits was related to the plant’s life-history strategies and environmental adaptations at different successional stages. In terms of the importance of the four trait dimensions, resource acquisition and photosynthetic traits consistently demonstrated strong connectivity within LTNs throughout the succession. We concluded that co-occurring tree species adapted to the changing environmental conditions by adjusting trait modules through alternative strategies during secondary succession. Specifically, resource acquisition and trait coordination were more advantageous in the YF stage, while higher modularity offered greater opportunities for niche differentiation in the OF stage. This study provides new insights into exploring the mechanisms of forest succession through the analysis of trait correlation networks.

Climate change threatens smallholder farmers' productivity, revenue generation, and increases household food insecurity. Thus, adaptation and coping strategies are paramount for smallholder farming households to mitigate these impacts of climate change. This study used a bibliometric analysis to examine smallholder farmers’ coping and adaptation strategies to climate change (SFCA-SCC) research trends from 2010 to 2022. A total of 1635 papers were analysed from Scopus and Web of Science (WoS) databases to characterize the field and observe research trends. The articles from these databases demonstrate an upward trend in publications (54–300) over the period under study, signifying the importance of research on adaptation and coping strategies of climate change. The research findings showed that majority of studies originated from institutions in industrialized countries, while very few did so from emerging economies. According to the findings, smallholder farmers have embraced a range of adaptation and coping mechanisms to mitigate the impacts of climate change, such as altering planting schedules, and diversifying crop varieties among others. It is imperative for African researchers and institutions to engage in more research aimed at developing strategies to mitigate the risks posed by climate change.

Fisheries, particularly small-scale fisheries, is recognized as a source of dietary diversity, food security, and poverty alleviation. Fish is widely regarded as a significant source of protein. Despite the significance of fisheries, it is faced with several challenges such as constant change in climate. This study was conducted to examine the perception of fisher folks on climate change and the relationship between socio-economic characteristics and adoption of climate smart fisheries using semi-structured questionnaire. Perception towards climate change and adoption of climate-smart fisheries were analyzed using statistical inferential statistics. The predictor of co-management as a mitigative measure for climate change in fisheries was also analyzed with an ordered logistic regression technique. The result showed that 92.5 % of the fishers have formal education. Majority of the fishers (98.3 %) have no access to storage facilities whilst 96.66 % have access to market. In addition, 31.66 % of the fishers have access to information on climatic and weather conditions. On the perception of climate change, 47.5 % of fishers perceived decrease in amount of rainfall as evidence of climate change whilst 66.6 % perceived decrease in sea level as evidence of climate change. A few fishers perceived an increase in humidity, change in temperature and wind-storm or sea breeze as evidence of climate change. Again, 48.33 % of the fishers agree to reduction of fleet's carbon emission whilst 33.33 % fishers disagreed to diversifying sources of household income as an adoption to climate-smart fisheries. Additional cost in the beginning of adoption of climate smart fisheries as a constraint was agreed upon by 50.00 % of fishers. The results of the ordered logistic regression show that age, education, having a second source of income and an increase of fuel subsidy are statistically significant to fishers perception of the extent to which co-management could contribute to address climate change was detected.