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Misael Benti, Adamu Birhanu Bayeta, Haji Abu Department of psychiatry Nursing, College of Medicine and Health Sciences Ambo University, Ambo, EthiopiaCorrespondence: Misael BentiAmbo University, P.O.Box:19, Ambo, EthiopiaTel +251938035486Email misaelbenti@gmail.comBackground: Attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder is a common childhood-onset neurodevelopmental disorder that affects the child’s psychosocial, educational, neuropsychological functioning self-esteem and quality of life from childhood to adulthood. It is estimated to affect about 5% of children and a third leading cause of disabilities.Objective: To assess the prevalence of attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder and its associated factors among children attending pediatric OPD in hospitals found in West Shoa zone, Central Ethiopia, 2020.Methods: Institution-based cross-sectional study was conducted from January 2020 to February 2020 among 422 children attending pediatric OPD in selected hospitals in West Shewa Zone and disruptive behavioral rating scale was used to collect data. OPD (out patient department) is section of hospital where patients who receive treatment without staying overnight are seen. Data were entered into Epi info version 7.1.2 and exported to SPSS version 21 for analysis. Descriptive statistics were done. Bivariate logistic regression was done to examine the relationship between different independent variables with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Variable with p-value < 0.05 was taken as statistically significant.Results: The prevalence rate of attention de&filig;cit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) among children attending pediatric OPD was 8.4%, 95% CI (5.9, 11.1). Being male (AOR= 3.35, 95% CI (1.52, 7.38), age 6– 11 (AOR=3.38 CI (1.22, 9.39)), having a family size greater than five (AOR=3.95, CI (1.44, 10.11)), low family income (AOR=3.47, 95% CI (1.25, 10.10), presence of one or more psychosocial stressors (AOR=4.50, 95% CI (1.77, 9.42)), family history of mental illness (AOR= 3.6, 95% CI (1.78, 8.21)) and mothers having complication during pregnancy (AOR= 3.05, CI (1.10, 8.48)) were factors found to be associated with ADHD.Conclusion: Prevalence of attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder in this study is higher than global prevalence. This study has shown us ADHD is a public health issue that requires great emphasis and it is found to be associated with being male, younger age, large family size, low family income, psychosocial stressors, family history of mental illness and complication of pregnancy are factors associated with ADHD.Keywords: Ambo, prevalence, associated factors

Adamu Birhanu,1 Takele Tiki,1 Mulugeta Mekuria,2 Delelegn Yilma,2 Getu Melese,3 Benyam Seifu4 1Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ambo University, Ambo, Ethiopia; 2Department of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ambo University, Ambo, Ethiopia; 3Department of Pharmacy, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ambo University, Ambo, Ethiopia; 4Department of Midwifery, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ambo University, Ambo, EthiopiaCorrespondence: Delelegn YilmaAmbo University, P.O. Box 19, Ambo, EthiopiaTel +251 912310083Email delelegniyilma@gmail.comBackground: The COVID-19 pandemic affects the public overall psychological status including anxiety. Assessing the perceived risk and preventive behaviors and COVID-19-induced anxiety of every individual is crucial to be more effective in handling the outbreak.Purpose: This study intends to determine the status of perceived risk, preventive behavior, and induced anxiety regarding COVID-19 among urban residents in Ethiopia.Methods: In this research a population-based, cross-sectional design was employed among 801 urban residents in West Shewa Zone, Ethiopia from June to October 2020. COVID-19 Induced Anxiety Scale (CIAS) was used, with CIAS score ≥ 80% taken as having anxiety. A Preventive Behavior towards COVID-19 Scale (PBCS) was used to measure the level of protective behavior. The data were gathered using CS Entry and analyzed with SPSS version 23.0. Basic descriptive analysis was conducted, and binary logistic regression analysis was carried out to determine the predictors associated with anxiety.Results: Most of the study population, 716 (89.4%), had moderate risk perception, and around 497 (62.0%) of them had moderate preventive behavior against the pandemic. The proportion of COVID-19-induced anxiety disorder was found to be 18.1%. The identified predictors associated with COVID-induced anxiety were: being widowed (AOR=3.5; 95% CI: 1.7– 7.6), lacking formal education (AOR=1.9; 95% CI: 1.3– 3.3), having history of psychoactive substance use (AOR=3.0; 95% CI: 1.6– 5.8), high protective behavior (AOR=2.2; 95% CI:1.5– 3.3), low perceived risk (OR=3.7; 95% CI: 1.5– 12.4), and family history of mental illness (AOR=1.6; 95% CI:0.7– 3.8).Conclusion and Recommendation: COVID-19-induced anxiety prevalence was 18.1%. Risk perception regarding COVID was moderate. However, only 38.0% of the population had high preventive behavior against the pandemic. Hence, it is important to provide the continuous public health education necessary to promote preventive measures and minimize risky behaviors. Basic psychosocial help should be also provided for individuals suffering with COVID-19-induced anxiety.Keywords: COVID-19 induced anxiety, perceived risk, protective behavior, Ethiopia

Background: Nurses' perceptions guide them in maintaining their nursing profession and are dependent on different factors. Although a good perception can help lead a successful profession, many nurses leave the profession in Ethiopia. The aim of this study was to assess the nurses’ perception towards their profession and factors associated with it among nurses working in public hospitals in the west Shewa zone, Oromia, Central Ethiopia.Methods: An institutional based cross-sectional study, a concurrent mixed-methods approach was conducted among randomly selected nurses working in public hospitals in the west Shewa zone from May 25-June 20, 2020. Quantitative and qualitative data were obtained using interview techniques. The quantitative data were analyzed using SPSS version 25 and the qualitative was analyzed through thematic analysis. The strength and direction of the statistical association were measured according to the odds ratio and the 95% confidence interval. The statistically significant level was reported at p < 0.05. Results: In this study, 54.6% [95%CI (48.0%, 61.0%)] had a good perception towards nursing profession. Nurses who had Bachelor degree (BSc) [AOR: 3.00 (95% CI: (1.55-5.80)], those who earn a monthly salary of ≥ 6194 ETB [AOR: 2.28 (95% CI: 1.01-5.16)], those working in primary hospitals [(AOR: 4.39 (95%CI: (1.39-9.95)] and general hospitals [(AOR:6.09(2.84,13.01) were more likely to have good perception towards nursing profession than their counter parts.Conclusions: Nearly six in ten nurses in the study area had a good perception towards nursing profession. Nurses’ level of education, monthly salary scale and type of hospital the nurses were working in should be considered for improving nurses’ perception towards their profession and thereby to keep the experienced nurses in their profession.

Background Knowledge of abortion law is a key determinant of the utilization of safe abortion services. Neglecting it can lead to high social and economic costs, both immediately and in the future. One of the major reasons for not utilizing the safe abortion by the youth female is inadequate knowledge about the abortion law. Therefore the aim of this study was to assess knowledge on abortion law and associated factors among female regular undergraduate students of Ambo University. Methodology Institutional-based cross-sectional study was conducted on 795 randomly selected undergraduate female students of Ambo University using structured and pre-tested questionnaire from March, 28-May, 18, 2018.The result of the analysis was presented by tables using descriptive frequency percentage and odd ratios. The result was presented using tables. Bivariate and multivariate logistic regression was done between dependent and independent variables at 95% confident interval and P value Result Majority (79%) of the study participants were not able to identify all the conditions under which abortion is legally available in Ethiopia. In this study receiving health education on abortion law (AOR = 7.382, 95% CI: (1.118–48.761), knowing where safe abortion can be performed (AOR = 3.116, 95% CI: (1.854–5.239)) and being member of health club in the university (AOR = 2.092, 95% CI:1.256–3.484) were the predictors of abortion law knowlwdge . Conclusion The study concluded that knowledge of female student’s on abortion law is low in the study area. In this study, participates who received health education on abortion law and having involving in the health club at university were found to be the predictors of knowledge on abortion law .

Getu Melesie Taye,1 Lemma Bose,1 Tamirat Bekele Beressa,1 Gosaye Mekonnen Tefera,1 Biruk Mosisa,1 Hunduma Dinsa,1 Adamu Birhanu,2 Gurmu Umeta1 1Department of Pharmacy, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ambo University, Ambo, Ethiopia; 2Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ambo University, Ambo, EthiopiaCorrespondence: Getu Melesie TayeDepartment of Pharmacy, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ambo University, Ambo, EthiopiaTel +251 933891210Email getumelese17@gmail.comBackground: To confirm effective preventive practice and reduce the risk of COVID-19 data on knowledge, attitude, and preventive practices (KAP) are essential. Therefore, the current study was designed to evaluate the KAP of COVID-19 among people with hypertension (HTN) and/or diabetes mellitus (DM) attending public health facilities in Ambo town.Patients and Methods: Institutional-based cross-sectional study design was done among patients with HTN and/or DM from June 2020 to September 2020 at Ambo University Referral Hospital (AURH) and Ambo General Hospital (AGH). To identify the associated factors with poor practice and knowledge, logistic regression analyses were used.Results: The mean age of the study respondents was 44.6 years (± 9.84) of which the majority were male 235 (55.6%) and 159 (37.59%) of the participants had good knowledge. Concerning attitude, 335 (79.2%) have strongly believed that DM and HTN patients were more at risk of death because of COVID-19. Only 44 (10.4%) of them had a good level of COVID-19 prevention practice measures. Patients who use the source of information daily were 54.4% less likely to have poor knowledge about COVID-19 than those who use it weekly. Participants with no formal education were 3 times more likely to have poor COVID-19 prevention practice than those who were with formal education, and participants who have poor knowledge about COVID-19 were 2 times more likely to have poor COVID-19 prevention practice than those who have knowledge.Conclusion: The prevalence of poor knowledge about COVID-19 was low, and only less than ¾ of the participants strongly believed COVID-19 as a serious disease. A small percentage of participants had a good level of COVID-19 prevention practice. Good knowledge had an association with a good level of prevention practice. So, health sectors should work to increase accessibility of COVID-19 information.Keywords: knowledge, attitude, practice, COVID-19, hypertension, diabetes mellitus

Background: Maternal health service is the service provided to mothers during pregnancy, delivery and postpartum. It is a useful indicator in assessing women’s health status and the accessibility, adequacy and effectiveness of a country’s health service system. The aim of this study was to assess the proportion of maternal health service utilization and factors influence it in Ambo district, West Ethiopia.Methods: Community based cross-sectional study design with quantitative and qualitative methods of data collection was employed place from 15 th August to15th October, 2018 at Ambo District among 561 women with children less than one year. Single population proportion formula was utilized to calculate the sample size and simple random sampling technique was employed to select the study subjects. Data were collected by trained data collectors using a pretested structured questionnaire. The data was entered into Epi Data version 3.1 and transported to SPSS version 21 for analysis. Bivariate and multivariate logistic regression was done at 95 % confident interval and variables with P value < 0.05 to shows significant association. Qualitative data was transcribed carefully and analyzed thematically.Result: All 561 study subjects were participated in the survey and considered for analysis. The proportion of mothers who used ANC at least once was 89%., 64% of them delivered at health institutional and 47.2% of the mothers used early postnatal care. Mothers occupation [AOR=0.24(95% CI: 0.08-0.69)] and mother and her husband’s decision making power [AOR=4.12(95% CI: 2.12-8.00)] were significantly associated with ANC use. Mother’s education level [AOR=1.56(95% CI: 1.03-2.38)], time of traveling to health facilities, decision making power [AOR=5.91(95% CI: 3.79-9.22)] of both mother and husband, and having ANC follow up [AOR=14.54(95% CI: 6.23-33.96)] were factors significantly associated to institutional delivery whereas mothers age [AOR=2.65(95% CI: 1.29-5.46)], marital status [AOR=0.14(95% CI: 0.03-0.69)], attending ANC service [AOR=3.51(95% CI: 1.15-10.71)] and place of delivery [AOR=14.98(95% CI: 4.23-52.88)] were significantly associated factors for PNC utilization. Conclusion: The prevalence of maternal health services utilization were far behind the national target to be achieved by the end of 2020. Therefore, much work is expected from stakeholders in order to achieve the national target.