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1. Analysis of evanescently-coupled pairs of spin-polarised vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers

Author

Vaughan, MP, Susanto, H, Henning, ID, and Adams, MJ

Subjects
Physics - Optics
Abstract

A general model for the dynamics of arrays of coupled, spin-polarised lasers is derived, which is shown to reduce to both the spin flip model in a single cavity and the coupled mode model for a pair of guides in the appropriate limit. The general model is able to deal with waveguides of any geometry with any number of supported normal modes. A unique feature of the model is that it allows for independent polarisation of the pumping in each laser. The particular geometry is shown to be introduced via `overlap factors', which are a generalisation of the optical confinement factor. These factors play an important role in determining the laser dynamics. The model is specialised to the case of a general double-guided structure, which is then analysed and simulated numerically. For this case it is found that increasing the ellipticity of the pumping tends to enhance the regions where stable solutions are predicted in the plane of pumping strength versus guide separation., Comment: 55 pages, 14 figures

Published
2019
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2. 'Chip away at it': A year of COVID-era hunger strikes in Canadian prisons

Author

Adams, MJ

Subjects
Prisoners, Prisons, Hunger strikes, General interest, News, opinion and commentary
Abstract

When the pandemic hit Canada in March 2020, the situation in prisons felt particularly urgent: hundreds--in some places, thousands--of prisoners were trapped in poorly ventilated buildings together, with guards moving [...]

Published
2021

3. Identifying the Common Genetic Basis of Antidepressant Response.

Author

Pain, O, Hodgson, K, Trubetskoy, V, Ripke, S, Marshe, VS, Adams, MJ, Byrne, EM, Campos, AI, Carrillo-Roa, T, Cattaneo, A, Als, TD, Souery, D, Dernovsek, MZ, Fabbri, C, Hayward, C, Henigsberg, N, Hauser, J, Kennedy, JL, Lenze, EJ, Lewis, G, Müller, DJ, Martin, NG, Mulsant, BH, Mors, O, Perroud, N, Porteous, DJ, Rentería, ME, Reynolds, CF, Rietschel, M, Uher, R, Wigmore, EM, Maier, W, Wray, NR, Aitchison, KJ, Arolt, V, Baune, BT, Biernacka, JM, Bondolfi, G, Domschke, K, Kato, M, Li, QS, Liu, Y-L, Serretti, A, Tsai, S-J, Turecki, G, Weinshilboum, R, GSRD Consortium, Major Depressive Disorder Working Group of the Psychiatric Genomics Consortium, McIntosh, AM, Lewis, CM, Pain, O, Hodgson, K, Trubetskoy, V, Ripke, S, Marshe, VS, Adams, MJ, Byrne, EM, Campos, AI, Carrillo-Roa, T, Cattaneo, A, Als, TD, Souery, D, Dernovsek, MZ, Fabbri, C, Hayward, C, Henigsberg, N, Hauser, J, Kennedy, JL, Lenze, EJ, Lewis, G, Müller, DJ, Martin, NG, Mulsant, BH, Mors, O, Perroud, N, Porteous, DJ, Rentería, ME, Reynolds, CF, Rietschel, M, Uher, R, Wigmore, EM, Maier, W, Wray, NR, Aitchison, KJ, Arolt, V, Baune, BT, Biernacka, JM, Bondolfi, G, Domschke, K, Kato, M, Li, QS, Liu, Y-L, Serretti, A, Tsai, S-J, Turecki, G, Weinshilboum, R, GSRD Consortium, Major Depressive Disorder Working Group of the Psychiatric Genomics Consortium, McIntosh, AM, and Lewis, CM

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Antidepressants are a first-line treatment for depression. However, only a third of individuals experience remission after the first treatment. Common genetic variation, in part, likely regulates antidepressant response, yet the success of previous genome-wide association studies has been limited by sample size. This study performs the largest genetic analysis of prospectively assessed antidepressant response in major depressive disorder to gain insight into the underlying biology and enable out-of-sample prediction. METHODS: Genome-wide analysis of remission (n remit = 1852, n nonremit = 3299) and percentage improvement (n = 5218) was performed. Single nucleotide polymorphism-based heritability was estimated using genome-wide complex trait analysis. Genetic covariance with eight mental health phenotypes was estimated using polygenic scores/AVENGEME. Out-of-sample prediction of antidepressant response polygenic scores was assessed. Gene-level association analysis was performed using MAGMA and transcriptome-wide association study. Tissue, pathway, and drug binding enrichment were estimated using MAGMA. RESULTS: Neither genome-wide association study identified genome-wide significant associations. Single nucleotide polymorphism-based heritability was significantly different from zero for remission (h 2 = 0.132, SE = 0.056) but not for percentage improvement (h 2 = -0.018, SE = 0.032). Better antidepressant response was negatively associated with genetic risk for schizophrenia and positively associated with genetic propensity for educational attainment. Leave-one-out validation of antidepressant response polygenic scores demonstrated significant evidence of out-of-sample prediction, though results varied in external cohorts. Gene-based analyses identified ETV4 and DHX8 as significantly associated with antidepressant response. CONCLUSIONS: This study demonstrates that antidepressant response is influenced by common genetic variation, has a genetic overlap sc

Published
2022

4. Corrigendum: Potential genetic overlap between insomnia and sleep symptoms in major depressive disorder: A polygenic risk score analysis.

Author

Melhuish Beaupre, LM, Tiwari, AK, Gonçalves, VF, Zai, CC, Marshe, VS, Lewis, CM, Martin, NG, McIntosh, AM, Adams, MJ, Baune, BT, Levinson, DF, Boomsma, DI, Penninx, BWJH, Breen, G, Hamilton, S, Awasthi, S, Ripke, S, Jones, L, Jones, I, Byrne, EM, Hickie, IB, Potash, JP, Shi, J, Weissman, MM, Milaneschi, Y, Shyn, SI, de Geus, EJC, Willemsen, G, Brown, GM, Kennedy, JL, Major Depressive Disorder Working Group of the Psychiatric Genomics Consortium, Melhuish Beaupre, LM, Tiwari, AK, Gonçalves, VF, Zai, CC, Marshe, VS, Lewis, CM, Martin, NG, McIntosh, AM, Adams, MJ, Baune, BT, Levinson, DF, Boomsma, DI, Penninx, BWJH, Breen, G, Hamilton, S, Awasthi, S, Ripke, S, Jones, L, Jones, I, Byrne, EM, Hickie, IB, Potash, JP, Shi, J, Weissman, MM, Milaneschi, Y, Shyn, SI, de Geus, EJC, Willemsen, G, Brown, GM, Kennedy, JL, and Major Depressive Disorder Working Group of the Psychiatric Genomics Consortium

Abstract

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2021.734077.].

Published
2022

5. The risk of bleeding with duloxetine treatment in patients who use nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs): analysis of placebo-controlled trials and post-marketing adverse event reports

Author

Perahia DG, Bangs ME, Zhang Q, Cheng Y, Ahl J, Frakes EP, Adams MJ, and Martinez JM

Subjects
Medicine (General), R5-920
Abstract

David G Perahia,1 Mark E Bangs,2 Qi Zhang,2 Yingkai Cheng,2 Jonna Ahl,2 Elijah P Frakes,2 Michael J Adams,2 James M Martinez2 1Neurosciences, Lilly Research Centre, Windlesham, Surrey, UK; 2Neurosciences, Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, IN, USA Purpose: To assess the safety of duloxetine with regards to bleeding-related events in patients who concomitantly did, versus did not, use nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), including aspirin. Methods: Safety data from all placebo-controlled trials of duloxetine conducted between December 1993 and December 2010, and post-marketing reports from duloxetine-treated patients in the US Food and Drug Administration Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS), were searched for bleeding-related treatment-emergent adverse events (TEAEs). The percentage of patients with bleeding-related TEAEs was summarized and compared between treatment groups in all the placebo-controlled studies. Differences between NSAID user and non-user subgroups from clinical trial data were analyzed by a logistic regression model that included therapy, NSAID use, and therapy-by-NSAID subgroup interaction. In addition, to determine if higher duloxetine doses are associated with an increased incidence of bleeding-related TEAEs, and whether the use of concomitant NSAIDs might influence the dose effect if one exists, placebo-controlled clinical trials with duloxetine fixed doses of 60 mg, 120 mg, and placebo were analyzed. Also, the incidence of bleeding-related TEAEs reported for duloxetine alone was compared with the incidence in patients treated with duloxetine and concomitant NSAIDs. Finally, the number of bleeding-related cases reported for duloxetine in the FAERS database was compared with the numbers reported for all other drugs. Results: Across duloxetine clinical trials, there was a significantly greater incidence of bleeding-related TEAEs in duloxetine- versus placebo-treated patients overall and also in those patients who did not take concomitant NSAIDS, but no significant difference was seen among those patients who did take concomitant NSAIDS. There was no significant difference in the incidence of bleeding-related TEAEs in the subset of patients treated with duloxetine 120 mg once daily versus those treated with 60 mg once daily regardless of concomitant NSAID use. The combination of duloxetine and NSAIDs was associated with a statistically significantly higher incidence of bleeding-related TEAEs compared with duloxetine alone. A similarly higher incidence of bleeding-related TEAEs was seen in patients treated with placebo and concomitant NSAIDs compared with placebo alone. Bleeding-related TEAEs reported in the FAERS database were disproportionally more frequent for duloxetine taken with NSAIDs compared with the full FAERS background, but there was no difference in the reporting of bleeding-related TEAEs when the cases reported for duloxetine taken with NSAIDs were compared against the cases reported for NSAIDs alone. Conclusion: Concomitant use of NSAIDs was associated with a higher incidence of bleeding-related TEAEs in clinical trials regardless of whether patients were taking duloxetine or placebo; bleeding-related TEAEs did not appear to increase along with duloxetine dose regardless of NSAID use. In spontaneously reported post-marketing data, the combination of duloxetine and NSAID use was not associated with an increased reporting of bleeding-related events when compared to NSAID use alone. Keywords: antidepressant, gastrointestinal bleeding, NSAID, aspirin

Published
2013

7. Direct Numerical Simulations and Experiments of Turbulence Over Regular Roughness From the Transitionally Rough to the Fully Rough Regime

Author

Mulchandani, H, Adams, MJ, García-Mayoral, R, Vishwanathan, V, Fritsch, DJ, Lowe, KT, and Devenport, W

Subjects
Physics::Fluid Dynamics, 4007 Control Engineering, Mechatronics and Robotics, 4012 Fluid Mechanics and Thermal Engineering, 40 Engineering
Abstract

We present results of experiments and fully resolved, direct numerical simulations (DNSs) on turbulent flows over regular arrays of cylindrical roughness elements. The experimental campaign was conducted in the Virginia Tech Stability Wind Tunnel for K+ ≈ 225 − 400 at ReT ≈ 7110 − 16700, where the ‘+’ superscript represents wall-unit scaling with kinematic viscosity and the friction velocity. DNSs were conducted for K+ = 5, 10, 15, and 20 at ReT ≈ 190 and for K+ = 20 at ReT ≈ 380. Data from experiments and DNSs are presented and discussed for the roughness function, equivalent sand-gain roughness, mean flow velocity profiles, turbulence statistics, and spectral energy densities. Experimental results suggest the method used to estimate the equivalent sand-grain roughness from mean velocity profiles is sensitive to the selection of the logarithmic region considered in the regression fit, highlighting the need for an improved analytical method to estimate roughness parameters from the mean velocity profiles. DNS results suggest there is a progressive departure from smooth-wall-like turbulence for all cases except the smallest roughness size investigated. We hypothesise the differences are related to the nonlinear interaction of the texture-coherent flow with the background turbulence and plan to assess the importance of this mechanism in future work.

Published
2022
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8. Brain Correlates of Suicide Attempt in 18,925 Participants Across 18 International Cohorts

Author

Campos, A, Thompson, PM, Veltman, DJ, Pozzi, E, van Veltzen, LS, Jahanshad, N, Adams, MJ, Baune, BT, Berger, K, Brosch, K, Bulow, R, Connolly, CG, Dannlowski, U, Davey, CG, de Zubicaray, G, Dima, D, Erwin-Grabner, T, Evans, JW, Fu, CHY, Gotlib, IH, Goya-Maldonado, R, Grabe, HJ, Grotegerd, D, Harris, MA, Harrison, BJ, Hatton, SN, Hermesdorf, M, Hickie, IB, Ho, TC, Kircher, T, Krug, A, Lagopoulos, J, Lemke, H, McMahon, K, MacMaster, FP, Martin, NG, McIntosh, AM, Medland, SE, Meinert, S, Meller, T, Nenadic, I, Opel, N, Redlich, R, Reneman, L, Repple, J, Sacchet, MD, Schmitt, S, Schrantee, A, Sim, K, Singh, A, Stein, F, Strike, LT, van Der Wee, NJA, van Der Werff, SJA, Volzke, H, Waltemate, L, Whalley, HC, Wittfeld, K, Wright, MJ, Yang, TT, Zarate, CA, Schmaal, L, Renteria, ME, Campos, A, Thompson, PM, Veltman, DJ, Pozzi, E, van Veltzen, LS, Jahanshad, N, Adams, MJ, Baune, BT, Berger, K, Brosch, K, Bulow, R, Connolly, CG, Dannlowski, U, Davey, CG, de Zubicaray, G, Dima, D, Erwin-Grabner, T, Evans, JW, Fu, CHY, Gotlib, IH, Goya-Maldonado, R, Grabe, HJ, Grotegerd, D, Harris, MA, Harrison, BJ, Hatton, SN, Hermesdorf, M, Hickie, IB, Ho, TC, Kircher, T, Krug, A, Lagopoulos, J, Lemke, H, McMahon, K, MacMaster, FP, Martin, NG, McIntosh, AM, Medland, SE, Meinert, S, Meller, T, Nenadic, I, Opel, N, Redlich, R, Reneman, L, Repple, J, Sacchet, MD, Schmitt, S, Schrantee, A, Sim, K, Singh, A, Stein, F, Strike, LT, van Der Wee, NJA, van Der Werff, SJA, Volzke, H, Waltemate, L, Whalley, HC, Wittfeld, K, Wright, MJ, Yang, TT, Zarate, CA, Schmaal, L, and Renteria, ME

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Neuroimaging studies of suicidal behavior have so far been conducted in small samples, prone to biases and false-positive associations, yielding inconsistent results. The ENIGMA-MDD Working Group aims to address the issues of poor replicability and comparability by coordinating harmonized analyses across neuroimaging studies of major depressive disorder and related phenotypes, including suicidal behavior. METHODS: Here, we pooled data from 18 international cohorts with neuroimaging and clinical measurements in 18,925 participants (12,477 healthy control subjects and 6448 people with depression, of whom 694 had attempted suicide). We compared regional cortical thickness and surface area and measures of subcortical, lateral ventricular, and intracranial volumes between suicide attempters, clinical control subjects (nonattempters with depression), and healthy control subjects. RESULTS: We identified 25 regions of interest with statistically significant (false discovery rate < .05) differences between groups. Post hoc examinations identified neuroimaging markers associated with suicide attempt including smaller volumes of the left and right thalamus and the right pallidum and lower surface area of the left inferior parietal lobe. CONCLUSIONS: This study addresses the lack of replicability and consistency in several previously published neuroimaging studies of suicide attempt and further demonstrates the need for well-powered samples and collaborative efforts. Our results highlight the potential involvement of the thalamus, a structure viewed historically as a passive gateway in the brain, and the pallidum, a region linked to reward response and positive affect. Future functional and connectivity studies of suicidal behaviors may focus on understanding how these regions relate to the neurobiological mechanisms of suicide attempt risk.

Published
2021

9. Potential Genetic Overlap Between Insomnia and Sleep Symptoms in Major Depressive Disorder: A Polygenic Risk Score Analysis

Author

Melhuish Beaupre, LM, Tiwari, AK, Goncalves, VF, Zai, CC, Marshe, VS, Lewis, CM, Martin, NG, McIntosh, AM, Adams, MJ, Baune, BT, Levinson, DF, Boomsma, DI, Penninx, BWJH, Breen, G, Hamilton, S, Awasthi, S, Ripke, S, Jones, L, Jones, I, Byrne, EM, Hickie, IB, Potash, JP, Shi, J, Weissman, MM, Milaneschi, Y, Shyn, SI, de Geus, EJC, Willemsen, G, Brown, GM, Kennedy, JL, Melhuish Beaupre, LM, Tiwari, AK, Goncalves, VF, Zai, CC, Marshe, VS, Lewis, CM, Martin, NG, McIntosh, AM, Adams, MJ, Baune, BT, Levinson, DF, Boomsma, DI, Penninx, BWJH, Breen, G, Hamilton, S, Awasthi, S, Ripke, S, Jones, L, Jones, I, Byrne, EM, Hickie, IB, Potash, JP, Shi, J, Weissman, MM, Milaneschi, Y, Shyn, SI, de Geus, EJC, Willemsen, G, Brown, GM, and Kennedy, JL

Abstract

Background: The prevalence of insomnia and hypersomnia in depressed individuals is substantially higher than that found in the general population. Unfortunately, these concurrent sleep problems can have profound effects on the disease course. Although the full biology of sleep remains to be elucidated, a recent genome-wide association (GWAS) of insomnia, and other sleep traits in over 1 million individuals was recently published and provides many promising hits for genetics of insomnia in a population-based sample. Methods: Using data from the largest available GWAS of insomnia and other sleep traits, we sought to test if sleep variable PRS scores derived from population-based studies predicted sleep variables in samples of depressed cases [Psychiatric Genomics Consortium - Major Depressive Disorder subjects (PGC MDD)]. A leave-one-out analysis was performed to determine the effects that each individual study had on our results. Results: The only significant finding was for insomnia, where p-value threshold, p = 0.05 was associated with insomnia in our PGC MDD sample (R 2 = 1.75-3, p = 0.006). Conclusion: Our results reveal that <1% of variance is explained by the variants that cover the two significant p-value thresholds, which is in line with the fact that depression and insomnia are both polygenic disorders. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to investigate genetic overlap between the general population and a depression sample for insomnia, which has important treatment implications, such as leading to novel drug targets in future research efforts.

Published
2021

10. Transcriptome-based polygenic score links depression-related corticolimbic gene expression changes to sex-specific brain morphology and depression risk

Author

Miles, AE, Dos Santos, FC, Byrne, EM, Renteria, ME, McIntosh, AM, Adams, MJ, Pistis, G, Castelao, E, Preisig, M, Baune, BT, Schubert, KO, Lewis, CM, Jones, LA, Jones, I, Uher, R, Smoller, JW, Perlis, RH, Levinson, DF, Potash, JB, Weissman, MM, Shi, J, Lewis, G, Penninx, BWJH, Boomsma, D, Hamilton, SP, Sibille, E, Hariri, AR, Nikolova, YS, Miles, AE, Dos Santos, FC, Byrne, EM, Renteria, ME, McIntosh, AM, Adams, MJ, Pistis, G, Castelao, E, Preisig, M, Baune, BT, Schubert, KO, Lewis, CM, Jones, LA, Jones, I, Uher, R, Smoller, JW, Perlis, RH, Levinson, DF, Potash, JB, Weissman, MM, Shi, J, Lewis, G, Penninx, BWJH, Boomsma, D, Hamilton, SP, Sibille, E, Hariri, AR, and Nikolova, YS

Abstract

Studies in post-mortem human brain tissue have associated major depressive disorder (MDD) with cortical transcriptomic changes, whose potential in vivo impact remains unexplored. To address this translational gap, we recently developed a transcriptome-based polygenic risk score (T-PRS) based on common functional variants capturing 'depression-like' shifts in cortical gene expression. Here, we used a non-clinical sample of young adults (n = 482, Duke Neurogenetics Study: 53% women; aged 19.8 ± 1.2 years) to map T-PRS onto brain morphology measures, including Freesurfer-derived subcortical volume, cortical thickness, surface area, and local gyrification index, as well as broad MDD risk, indexed by self-reported family history of depression. We conducted side-by-side comparisons with a PRS independently derived from a Psychiatric Genomics Consortium (PGC) MDD GWAS (PGC-PRS), and sought to link T-PRS with diagnosis and symptom severity directly in PGC-MDD participants (n = 29,340, 59% women; 12,923 MDD cases, 16,417 controls). T-PRS was associated with smaller amygdala volume in women (t = -3.478, p = 0.001) and lower prefrontal gyrification across sexes. In men, T-PRS was associated with hypergyrification in temporal and occipital regions. Prefrontal hypogyrification mediated a male-specific indirect link between T-PRS and familial depression (b = 0.005, p = 0.029). PGC-PRS was similarly associated with lower amygdala volume and cortical gyrification; however, both effects were male-specific and hypogyrification emerged in distinct parietal and temporo-occipital regions, unassociated with familial depression. In PGC-MDD, T-PRS did not predict diagnosis (OR = 1.007, 95% CI = [0.997-1.018]) but correlated with symptom severity in men (rho = 0.175, p = 7.957 × 10-4) in one cohort (N = 762, 48% men). Depression-like shifts in cortical gene expression have sex-specific effects on brain morphology and may contribute to broad depression vulnerability in men.

Published
2021

11. Classical Human Leukocyte Antigen Alleles and C4 Haplotypes Are Not Significantly Associated With Depression

Author

Glanville, KP, Coleman, JR, Hanscombe, KB, Euesden, J, Choi, SW, Purves, KL, Breen, G, Air, TM, Andlauer, TFM, Baune, BT, Binder, EB, Blackwood, DHR, Boomsma, D, Buttenschon, HN, Colodro-Conde, L, Dannlowski, U, Direk, N, Dunn, EC, Forstner, AJ, de Geus, EJC, Grabe, HJ, Hamilton, SP, Jones, I, Jones, LA, Knowles, JA, Kutalik, Z, Levinson, DF, Lewis, G, Lind, PA, Lucae, S, Magnusson, PK, McGuffin, P, McIntosh, AM, Milaneschi, Y, Mors, O, Mostafavi, S, Mueller-Myhsok, B, Pedersen, NL, Penninx, BWJH, Potash, JB, Preisig, M, Ripke, S, Shi, J, Shyn, S, Smoller, JW, Streit, F, Sullivan, PF, Tiemeier, H, Uher, R, Van der Auwera, S, Weissman, MM, O'Reilly, PF, Lewis, CM, Wray, NR, Mattheisen, M, Trzaskowski, M, Byrne, EM, Abdellaoui, A, Adams, MJ, Agerbo, E, Bacanu, S-A, Baekvad-Hansen, M, Beekman, ATF, Bigdeli, TB, Bryois, J, Bybjerg-Grauholm, J, Cai, N, Castelao, E, Christensen, JH, Clarke, T-K, Couvy-Duchesne, B, Craddock, N, Crawford, GE, Davies, G, Deary, IJ, Degenhardt, F, Derks, EM, Dolan, C, Eley, TC, Escott-Price, V, Kiadeh, FFH, Finucane, HK, Foo, JC, Frank, J, Gaspar, HA, Gill, M, Goes, FS, Gordon, SD, Grove, J, Hall, LS, Hansen, CS, Hansen, TF, Herms, S, Hickie, IB, Hoffmann, P, Homuth, G, Horn, C, Hottenga, J-J, Hougaard, DM, Howard, DM, Ising, M, Jansen, R, Jorgenson, E, Kohane, IS, Kraft, J, Kretzschmar, WW, Li, Y, MacIntyre, DJ, MacKinnon, DF, Maier, RM, Maier, W, Marchini, J, Mbarek, H, McGrath, P, Medland, SE, Mehta, D, Middeldorp, CM, Mihailov, E, Milani, L, Mondimore, FM, Montgomery, GW, Mullins, N, Nauck, M, Ng, B, Nivard, MG, Nyholt, DR, Oskarsson, H, Owen, MJ, Painter, JN, Pedersen, CB, Pedersen, MG, Peterson, RE, Pettersson, E, Peyrot, WJ, Pistis, G, Posthuma, D, Quiroz, JA, Qvist, P, Rice, JP, Riley, BP, Rivera, M, Mirza, SS, Schoevers, R, Schulte, EC, Shen, L, Sigurdsson, E, Sinnamon, GCB, Smit, JH, Smith, DJ, Stefansson, H, Steinberg, S, Strohmaier, J, Tansey, KE, Teismann, H, Teumer, A, Thompson, W, Thomson, PA, Thorgeirsson, TE, Traylor, M, Treutlein, J, Trubetskoy, V, Uitterlinden, AG, Umbricht, D, van Hemert, AM, Viktorin, A, Visscher, PM, Wang, Y, Webb, BT, Weinsheimer, SM, Wellmann, J, Willemsen, G, Witt, SH, Wu, Y, Xi, HS, Yang, J, Zhang, F, Arolt, V, Berger, K, Cichon, S, DePaulo, JR, Domenici, E, Domschke, K, Esko, T, Hayward, C, Heath, AC, Kendler, KS, Kloiber, S, Li, QS, Madden, PAF, Martin, NG, Metspalu, A, Mortensen, PB, Nordentoft, M, Noethen, MM, O'Donovan, MC, Paciga, SA, Perlis, RH, Porteous, DJ, Rietschel, M, Schaefer, C, Schulze, TG, Stefansson, K, Voelzke, H, Werge, T, Borglum, AD, Glanville, KP, Coleman, JR, Hanscombe, KB, Euesden, J, Choi, SW, Purves, KL, Breen, G, Air, TM, Andlauer, TFM, Baune, BT, Binder, EB, Blackwood, DHR, Boomsma, D, Buttenschon, HN, Colodro-Conde, L, Dannlowski, U, Direk, N, Dunn, EC, Forstner, AJ, de Geus, EJC, Grabe, HJ, Hamilton, SP, Jones, I, Jones, LA, Knowles, JA, Kutalik, Z, Levinson, DF, Lewis, G, Lind, PA, Lucae, S, Magnusson, PK, McGuffin, P, McIntosh, AM, Milaneschi, Y, Mors, O, Mostafavi, S, Mueller-Myhsok, B, Pedersen, NL, Penninx, BWJH, Potash, JB, Preisig, M, Ripke, S, Shi, J, Shyn, S, Smoller, JW, Streit, F, Sullivan, PF, Tiemeier, H, Uher, R, Van der Auwera, S, Weissman, MM, O'Reilly, PF, Lewis, CM, Wray, NR, Mattheisen, M, Trzaskowski, M, Byrne, EM, Abdellaoui, A, Adams, MJ, Agerbo, E, Bacanu, S-A, Baekvad-Hansen, M, Beekman, ATF, Bigdeli, TB, Bryois, J, Bybjerg-Grauholm, J, Cai, N, Castelao, E, Christensen, JH, Clarke, T-K, Couvy-Duchesne, B, Craddock, N, Crawford, GE, Davies, G, Deary, IJ, Degenhardt, F, Derks, EM, Dolan, C, Eley, TC, Escott-Price, V, Kiadeh, FFH, Finucane, HK, Foo, JC, Frank, J, Gaspar, HA, Gill, M, Goes, FS, Gordon, SD, Grove, J, Hall, LS, Hansen, CS, Hansen, TF, Herms, S, Hickie, IB, Hoffmann, P, Homuth, G, Horn, C, Hottenga, J-J, Hougaard, DM, Howard, DM, Ising, M, Jansen, R, Jorgenson, E, Kohane, IS, Kraft, J, Kretzschmar, WW, Li, Y, MacIntyre, DJ, MacKinnon, DF, Maier, RM, Maier, W, Marchini, J, Mbarek, H, McGrath, P, Medland, SE, Mehta, D, Middeldorp, CM, Mihailov, E, Milani, L, Mondimore, FM, Montgomery, GW, Mullins, N, Nauck, M, Ng, B, Nivard, MG, Nyholt, DR, Oskarsson, H, Owen, MJ, Painter, JN, Pedersen, CB, Pedersen, MG, Peterson, RE, Pettersson, E, Peyrot, WJ, Pistis, G, Posthuma, D, Quiroz, JA, Qvist, P, Rice, JP, Riley, BP, Rivera, M, Mirza, SS, Schoevers, R, Schulte, EC, Shen, L, Sigurdsson, E, Sinnamon, GCB, Smit, JH, Smith, DJ, Stefansson, H, Steinberg, S, Strohmaier, J, Tansey, KE, Teismann, H, Teumer, A, Thompson, W, Thomson, PA, Thorgeirsson, TE, Traylor, M, Treutlein, J, Trubetskoy, V, Uitterlinden, AG, Umbricht, D, van Hemert, AM, Viktorin, A, Visscher, PM, Wang, Y, Webb, BT, Weinsheimer, SM, Wellmann, J, Willemsen, G, Witt, SH, Wu, Y, Xi, HS, Yang, J, Zhang, F, Arolt, V, Berger, K, Cichon, S, DePaulo, JR, Domenici, E, Domschke, K, Esko, T, Hayward, C, Heath, AC, Kendler, KS, Kloiber, S, Li, QS, Madden, PAF, Martin, NG, Metspalu, A, Mortensen, PB, Nordentoft, M, Noethen, MM, O'Donovan, MC, Paciga, SA, Perlis, RH, Porteous, DJ, Rietschel, M, Schaefer, C, Schulze, TG, Stefansson, K, Voelzke, H, Werge, T, and Borglum, AD

Abstract

BACKGROUND: The prevalence of depression is higher in individuals with autoimmune diseases, but the mechanisms underlying the observed comorbidities are unknown. Shared genetic etiology is a plausible explanation for the overlap, and in this study we tested whether genetic variation in the major histocompatibility complex (MHC), which is associated with risk for autoimmune diseases, is also associated with risk for depression. METHODS: We fine-mapped the classical MHC (chr6: 29.6-33.1 Mb), imputing 216 human leukocyte antigen (HLA) alleles and 4 complement component 4 (C4) haplotypes in studies from the Psychiatric Genomics Consortium Major Depressive Disorder Working Group and the UK Biobank. The total sample size was 45,149 depression cases and 86,698 controls. We tested for association between depression status and imputed MHC variants, applying both a region-wide significance threshold (3.9 × 10-6) and a candidate threshold (1.6 × 10-4). RESULTS: No HLA alleles or C4 haplotypes were associated with depression at the region-wide threshold. HLA-B*08:01 was associated with modest protection for depression at the candidate threshold for testing in HLA genes in the meta-analysis (odds ratio = 0.98, 95% confidence interval = 0.97-0.99). CONCLUSIONS: We found no evidence that an increased risk for depression was conferred by HLA alleles, which play a major role in the genetic susceptibility to autoimmune diseases, or C4 haplotypes, which are strongly associated with schizophrenia. These results suggest that any HLA or C4 variants associated with depression either are rare or have very modest effect sizes.

Published
2020

12. Genetic comorbidity between major depression and cardio-metabolic traits, stratified by age at onset of major depression

Author

Hagenaars, SP, Coleman, JR, Choi, SW, Gaspar, H, Adams, MJ, Howard, DM, Hodgson, K, Traylor, M, Air, TM, Andlauer, TFM, Arolt, V, Baune, BT, Binder, EB, Blackwood, DHR, Boomsma, D, Campbell, A, Cearns, M, Czamara, D, Dannlowski, U, Domschke, K, de Geus, EJC, Hamilton, SP, Hayward, C, Hickie, IB, Hottenga, JJ, Ising, M, Jones, I, Jones, L, Kutalik, Z, Lucae, S, Martin, NG, Milaneschi, Y, Mueller-Myhsok, B, Owen, MJ, Padmanabhan, S, Penninx, BWJH, Pistis, G, Porteous, DJ, Preisig, M, Ripke, S, Shyn, S, Sullivan, PF, Whitfield, JB, Wray, NR, McIntosh, AM, Deary, IJ, Breen, G, Lewis, CM, Hagenaars, SP, Coleman, JR, Choi, SW, Gaspar, H, Adams, MJ, Howard, DM, Hodgson, K, Traylor, M, Air, TM, Andlauer, TFM, Arolt, V, Baune, BT, Binder, EB, Blackwood, DHR, Boomsma, D, Campbell, A, Cearns, M, Czamara, D, Dannlowski, U, Domschke, K, de Geus, EJC, Hamilton, SP, Hayward, C, Hickie, IB, Hottenga, JJ, Ising, M, Jones, I, Jones, L, Kutalik, Z, Lucae, S, Martin, NG, Milaneschi, Y, Mueller-Myhsok, B, Owen, MJ, Padmanabhan, S, Penninx, BWJH, Pistis, G, Porteous, DJ, Preisig, M, Ripke, S, Shyn, S, Sullivan, PF, Whitfield, JB, Wray, NR, McIntosh, AM, Deary, IJ, Breen, G, and Lewis, CM

Abstract

It is imperative to understand the specific and shared etiologies of major depression and cardio-metabolic disease, as both traits are frequently comorbid and each represents a major burden to society. This study examined whether there is a genetic association between major depression and cardio-metabolic traits and if this association is stratified by age at onset for major depression. Polygenic risk scores analysis and linkage disequilibrium score regression was performed to examine whether differences in shared genetic etiology exist between depression case control status (N cases = 40,940, N controls = 67,532), earlier (N = 15,844), and later onset depression (N = 15,800) with body mass index, coronary artery disease, stroke, and type 2 diabetes in 11 data sets from the Psychiatric Genomics Consortium, Generation Scotland, and UK Biobank. All cardio-metabolic polygenic risk scores were associated with depression status. Significant genetic correlations were found between depression and body mass index, coronary artery disease, and type 2 diabetes. Higher polygenic risk for body mass index, coronary artery disease, and type 2 diabetes was associated with both early and later onset depression, while higher polygenic risk for stroke was associated with later onset depression only. Significant genetic correlations were found between body mass index and later onset depression, and between coronary artery disease and both early and late onset depression. The phenotypic associations between major depression and cardio-metabolic traits may partly reflect their overlapping genetic etiology irrespective of the age depression first presents.

Published
2020

13. Genome-wide gene-environment analyses of major depressive disorder and reported lifetime traumatic experiences in UK Biobank

Author

Coleman, JRI, Peyrot, WJ, Purves, KL, Davis, KAS, Rayner, C, Choi, SW, Hubel, C, Gaspar, HA, Kan, C, Van der Auwera, S, Adams, MJ, Lyall, DM, Choi, KW, Dunn, EC, Vassos, E, Danese, A, Maughan, B, Grabe, HJ, Lewis, CM, O'Reilly, PF, McIntosh, AM, Smith, DJ, Wray, NR, Hotopf, M, Eley, TC, Breen, G, Ripke, S, Mattheisen, M, Trzaskowski, M, Byrne, EM, Abdellaoui, A, Agerbo, E, Air, TM, Andlauer, TFM, Bacanu, S-A, Baekvad-Hansen, M, Beekman, ATF, Bigdeli, TB, Binder, EB, Bryois, J, Buttenschon, HN, Bybjerg-Grauholm, J, Cai, N, Castelao, E, Christensen, JH, Clarke, T-K, Colodro-Conde, L, Couvy-Duchesne, B, Craddock, N, Crawford, GE, Davies, G, Deary, IJ, Degenhardt, F, Derks, EM, Direk, N, Dolan, CV, Escott-Price, V, Kiadeh, FFH, Finucane, HK, Foo, JC, Forstner, AJ, Frank, J, Gill, M, Goes, FS, Gordon, SD, Grove, J, Hall, LS, Hansen, CS, Hansen, TF, Herms, S, Hickie, IB, Hoffmann, P, Homuth, G, Horn, C, Hottenga, J-J, Hougaard, DM, Howard, DM, Ising, M, Jansen, R, Jones, I, Jones, LA, Jorgenson, E, Knowles, JA, Kohane, IS, Kraft, J, Kretzschmar, WW, Kutalik, Z, Li, Y, Lind, PA, MacIntyre, DJ, MacKinnon, DF, Maier, RM, Maier, W, Marchini, J, Mbarek, H, McGrath, P, McGuffin, P, Medland, SE, Mehta, D, Middeldorp, CM, Mihailov, E, Milaneschi, Y, Milani, L, Mondimore, FM, Montgomery, GW, Mostafavi, S, Mullins, N, Nauck, M, Ng, B, Nivard, MG, Nyholt, DR, Oskarsson, H, Owen, MJ, Painter, JN, Pedersen, CB, Pedersen, MG, Peterson, RE, Pettersson, E, Pistis, G, Posthuma, D, Quiroz, JA, Qvist, P, Rice, JP, Riley, BP, Rivera, M, Mirza, SS, Schoevers, R, Schulte, EC, Shen, L, Shi, J, Shyn, SI, Sigurdsson, E, Sinnamon, GCB, Smit, JH, Stefansson, H, Steinberg, S, Streit, F, Strohmaier, J, Tansey, KE, Teismann, H, Teumer, A, Thompson, W, Thomson, PA, Thorgeirsson, TE, Traylor, M, Treutlein, J, Trubetskoy, V, Uitterlinden, AG, Umbricht, D, van Hemert, AM, Viktorin, A, Visscher, PM, Wang, Y, Webb, BT, Weinsheimer, SM, Wellmann, J, Willemsen, G, Witt, SH, Wu, Y, Xi, HS, Yang, J, Zhang, F, Arolt, V, Baune, BT, Berger, K, Boomsma, DI, Cichon, S, Dannlowski, U, de Geus, EJC, DePaulo, JR, Domenici, E, Domschke, K, Esko, T, Hamilton, SP, Hayward, C, Heath, AC, Kendler, KS, Kloiber, S, Lewis, G, Li, QS, Lucae, S, Madden, PAF, Magnusson, PK, Martin, NG, Metspalu, A, Mors, O, Mortensen, PB, Mueller-Myhsok, B, Nordentoft, M, Noethen, MM, O'Donovan, MC, Paciga, SA, Pedersen, NL, Penninx, BWJH, Perlis, RH, Porteous, DJ, Potash, JB, Preisig, M, Rietschel, M, Schaefer, C, Schulze, TG, Smoller, JW, Stefansson, K, Tiemeier, H, Uher, R, Volzke, H, Weissman, MM, Werge, T, Levinson, DF, Borglum, AD, Sullivan, PF, Coleman, JRI, Peyrot, WJ, Purves, KL, Davis, KAS, Rayner, C, Choi, SW, Hubel, C, Gaspar, HA, Kan, C, Van der Auwera, S, Adams, MJ, Lyall, DM, Choi, KW, Dunn, EC, Vassos, E, Danese, A, Maughan, B, Grabe, HJ, Lewis, CM, O'Reilly, PF, McIntosh, AM, Smith, DJ, Wray, NR, Hotopf, M, Eley, TC, Breen, G, Ripke, S, Mattheisen, M, Trzaskowski, M, Byrne, EM, Abdellaoui, A, Agerbo, E, Air, TM, Andlauer, TFM, Bacanu, S-A, Baekvad-Hansen, M, Beekman, ATF, Bigdeli, TB, Binder, EB, Bryois, J, Buttenschon, HN, Bybjerg-Grauholm, J, Cai, N, Castelao, E, Christensen, JH, Clarke, T-K, Colodro-Conde, L, Couvy-Duchesne, B, Craddock, N, Crawford, GE, Davies, G, Deary, IJ, Degenhardt, F, Derks, EM, Direk, N, Dolan, CV, Escott-Price, V, Kiadeh, FFH, Finucane, HK, Foo, JC, Forstner, AJ, Frank, J, Gill, M, Goes, FS, Gordon, SD, Grove, J, Hall, LS, Hansen, CS, Hansen, TF, Herms, S, Hickie, IB, Hoffmann, P, Homuth, G, Horn, C, Hottenga, J-J, Hougaard, DM, Howard, DM, Ising, M, Jansen, R, Jones, I, Jones, LA, Jorgenson, E, Knowles, JA, Kohane, IS, Kraft, J, Kretzschmar, WW, Kutalik, Z, Li, Y, Lind, PA, MacIntyre, DJ, MacKinnon, DF, Maier, RM, Maier, W, Marchini, J, Mbarek, H, McGrath, P, McGuffin, P, Medland, SE, Mehta, D, Middeldorp, CM, Mihailov, E, Milaneschi, Y, Milani, L, Mondimore, FM, Montgomery, GW, Mostafavi, S, Mullins, N, Nauck, M, Ng, B, Nivard, MG, Nyholt, DR, Oskarsson, H, Owen, MJ, Painter, JN, Pedersen, CB, Pedersen, MG, Peterson, RE, Pettersson, E, Pistis, G, Posthuma, D, Quiroz, JA, Qvist, P, Rice, JP, Riley, BP, Rivera, M, Mirza, SS, Schoevers, R, Schulte, EC, Shen, L, Shi, J, Shyn, SI, Sigurdsson, E, Sinnamon, GCB, Smit, JH, Stefansson, H, Steinberg, S, Streit, F, Strohmaier, J, Tansey, KE, Teismann, H, Teumer, A, Thompson, W, Thomson, PA, Thorgeirsson, TE, Traylor, M, Treutlein, J, Trubetskoy, V, Uitterlinden, AG, Umbricht, D, van Hemert, AM, Viktorin, A, Visscher, PM, Wang, Y, Webb, BT, Weinsheimer, SM, Wellmann, J, Willemsen, G, Witt, SH, Wu, Y, Xi, HS, Yang, J, Zhang, F, Arolt, V, Baune, BT, Berger, K, Boomsma, DI, Cichon, S, Dannlowski, U, de Geus, EJC, DePaulo, JR, Domenici, E, Domschke, K, Esko, T, Hamilton, SP, Hayward, C, Heath, AC, Kendler, KS, Kloiber, S, Lewis, G, Li, QS, Lucae, S, Madden, PAF, Magnusson, PK, Martin, NG, Metspalu, A, Mors, O, Mortensen, PB, Mueller-Myhsok, B, Nordentoft, M, Noethen, MM, O'Donovan, MC, Paciga, SA, Pedersen, NL, Penninx, BWJH, Perlis, RH, Porteous, DJ, Potash, JB, Preisig, M, Rietschel, M, Schaefer, C, Schulze, TG, Smoller, JW, Stefansson, K, Tiemeier, H, Uher, R, Volzke, H, Weissman, MM, Werge, T, Levinson, DF, Borglum, AD, and Sullivan, PF

Abstract

Depression is more frequent among individuals exposed to traumatic events. Both trauma exposure and depression are heritable. However, the relationship between these traits, including the role of genetic risk factors, is complex and poorly understood. When modelling trauma exposure as an environmental influence on depression, both gene-environment correlations and gene-environment interactions have been observed. The UK Biobank concurrently assessed Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) and self-reported lifetime exposure to traumatic events in 126,522 genotyped individuals of European ancestry. We contrasted genetic influences on MDD stratified by reported trauma exposure (final sample size range: 24,094-92,957). The SNP-based heritability of MDD with reported trauma exposure (24%) was greater than MDD without reported trauma exposure (12%). Simulations showed that this is not confounded by the strong, positive genetic correlation observed between MDD and reported trauma exposure. We also observed that the genetic correlation between MDD and waist circumference was only significant in individuals reporting trauma exposure (rg = 0.24, p = 1.8 × 10-7 versus rg = -0.05, p = 0.39 in individuals not reporting trauma exposure, difference p = 2.3 × 10-4). Our results suggest that the genetic contribution to MDD is greater when reported trauma is present, and that a complex relationship exists between reported trauma exposure, body composition, and MDD.

Published
2020

14. Methylome-wide association study of antidepressant use in Generation Scotland and the Netherlands Twin Register implicates the innate immune system

Author

Barbu, MC, primary, Huider, F, additional, Campbell, A, additional, Amador, C, additional, Adams, MJ, additional, Lynall, ME, additional, Howard, DM, additional, Walker, RM, additional, Morris, SW, additional, Van Dongen, J, additional, Porteous, DJ, additional, Evans, KL, additional, Bullmore, E, additional, Willemsen, G, additional, Boomsma, DI, additional, Whalley, HC, additional, and McIntosh, AM, additional

Published
2020
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16. Deep vein thrombosis in a well-trained masters cyclist, is popliteal vein entrapment syndrome to blame?

Author

Kean, J, Pearton, A, Fell, JW, Adams, MJ, Kitic, CM, Wu, SSX, Stone, S, and Zadow, EK

Subjects
Venous Thrombosis, Peripheral Vascular Diseases, Adult, Male, Popliteal Vein, Ultrasonography, Doppler, Syndrome, Bicycling, Treatment Outcome, Cardiovascular System & Hematology, Rivaroxaban, Risk Factors, Physical Endurance, Humans, cardiovascular diseases, Muscle Contraction, Factor Xa Inhibitors
Abstract

© 2018, Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature. Whilst athletes are the epitome of health, venous thromboembolisms (VTE) including deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism have been demonstrated to occur in well-trained athletes. VTE is frequently misdiagnosed and poorly treated within this population, often resulting in career or life-threatening ramifications. Furthermore, VTE risk rises with increasing age (> 40 years), potentially affecting masters athletes. A 44-year-old well-trained male cyclist volunteered to participate in a research project investigating the influence of exercise on haemostasis in well-trained athletes. The cyclist presented with elevated d-Dimer levels both pre- (2251 ng/mL) and post-exercise (2653 ng/mL). The cyclist reported constant mild-pain in the left mid-calf region, with a cold tingling sensation in their left foot. Diagnosis of DVT was confirmed via a DVT squeeze test and Doppler ultrasound, with the clot located in the left popliteal vein. During the research project, the cyclist was exposed to numerous thrombogenic risk factors including travel, dehydration, prolonged sitting and exercise. The DVT in the popliteal vein may have resulted from repetitive movements associated with cycling. Additionally, hypertrophy of the gastrocnemius muscle may have impinged the vein. When diagnosing DVT within a cycling population, PVES should not be overlooked as a contributing factor.

Published
2019

17. Evidence for increased genetic risk load for major depression in patients assigned to electroconvulsive therapy

Author

Foo, JC, Streit, F, Frank, J, Witt, SH, Treutlein, J, Baune, BT, Moebus, S, Joeckel, K-H, Forstner, AJ, Noethen, MM, Rietschel, M, Sartorius, A, Kranaster, L, Wray, NR, Ripke, S, Mattheisen, M, Trzaskowski, M, Byrne, EM, Abdellaoui, A, Adams, MJ, Agerbo, E, Air, TM, Andlauer, TFM, Bacanu, S-A, Baekvad-Hansen, M, Beekman, ATF, Bigdeli, TB, Binder, EB, Blackwood, DHR, Bryois, J, Buttenschon, HN, Bybjerg-Grauholm, J, Cai, N, Castelao, E, Christensen, JH, Clarke, T-K, Coleman, JRI, Colodro-Conde, L, Couvy-Duchesne, B, Craddock, N, Crawford, GE, Davies, G, Deary, IJ, Degenhardt, F, Derks, EM, Direk, N, Dolan, CV, Dunn, EC, Eley, TC, Escott-Price, V, Kiadeh, FFH, Finucane, HK, Gaspar, HA, Gill, M, Goes, FS, Gordon, SD, Grove, J, Hall, LS, Hansen, CS, Hansen, TF, Herms, S, Hickie, IB, Hoffmann, P, Homuth, G, Horn, C, Hottenga, J-J, Hougaard, DM, Ising, M, Jansen, R, Jones, I, Jones, LA, Jorgenson, E, Knowles, JA, Kohane, IS, Kraft, J, Kretzschmar, WW, Krogh, J, Kutalik, Z, Li, Y, Lind, PA, MacIntyre, DJ, MacKinnon, DF, Maier, RM, Maier, W, Marchini, J, Mbarek, H, McGrath, P, McGuffin, P, Medland, SE, Mehta, D, Middeldorp, CM, Mihailov, E, Milaneschi, Y, Milani, L, Mondimore, FM, Montgomery, GW, Mostafavi, S, Mullins, N, Nauck, M, Ng, B, Nivard, MG, Nyholt, DR, O'Reilly, PF, Oskarsson, H, Owen, MJ, Painter, JN, Pedersen, CB, Pedersen, MG, Peterson, RE, Pettersson, E, Peyrot, WJ, Pistis, G, Posthuma, D, Quiroz, JA, Qvist, P, Rice, JP, Riley, BP, Rivera, M, Mirza, SS, Schoevers, R, Schulte, EC, Shen, L, Shi, J, Shyn, SI, Sigurdsson, E, Sinnamon, GCB, Smit, JH, Smith, DJ, Stefansson, H, Steinberg, S, Strohmaier, J, Tansey, KE, Teismann, H, Teumer, A, Thompson, W, Thomson, PA, Thorgeirsson, TE, Traylor, M, Trubetskoy, V, Uitterlinden, AG, Umbricht, D, Van der Auwera, S, van Hemert, AM, Viktorin, A, Visscher, PM, Wang, Y, Webb, BT, Weinsheimer, SM, Wellmann, J, Willemsen, G, Wu, Y, Xi, HS, Yang, J, Zhang, F, Arolt, V, Berger, K, Boomsma, DI, Cichon, S, Dannlowski, U, de Geus, EJC, DePaulo, JR, Domenici, E, Domschke, K, Esko, T, Grabe, HJ, Hamilton, SP, Hayward, C, Heath, AC, Kendler, KS, Kloiber, S, Lewis, G, Li, QS, Lucae, S, Madden, PAF, Magnusson, PK, Martin, NG, McIntosh, AM, Metspalu, A, Mors, O, Mortensen, PB, Mueller-Myhsok, B, Nordentoft, M, O'Donovan, MC, Paciga, SA, Pedersen, NL, Penninx, BWJH, Perlis, RH, Porteous, DJ, Potash, JB, Preisig, M, Schaefer, C, Schulze, TG, Smoller, JW, Stefansson, K, Tiemeier, H, Uher, R, Voelzke, H, Weissman, MM, Werge, T, Lewis, CM, Levinson, DF, Breen, G, Borglum, AD, Sullivan, PF, Foo, JC, Streit, F, Frank, J, Witt, SH, Treutlein, J, Baune, BT, Moebus, S, Joeckel, K-H, Forstner, AJ, Noethen, MM, Rietschel, M, Sartorius, A, Kranaster, L, Wray, NR, Ripke, S, Mattheisen, M, Trzaskowski, M, Byrne, EM, Abdellaoui, A, Adams, MJ, Agerbo, E, Air, TM, Andlauer, TFM, Bacanu, S-A, Baekvad-Hansen, M, Beekman, ATF, Bigdeli, TB, Binder, EB, Blackwood, DHR, Bryois, J, Buttenschon, HN, Bybjerg-Grauholm, J, Cai, N, Castelao, E, Christensen, JH, Clarke, T-K, Coleman, JRI, Colodro-Conde, L, Couvy-Duchesne, B, Craddock, N, Crawford, GE, Davies, G, Deary, IJ, Degenhardt, F, Derks, EM, Direk, N, Dolan, CV, Dunn, EC, Eley, TC, Escott-Price, V, Kiadeh, FFH, Finucane, HK, Gaspar, HA, Gill, M, Goes, FS, Gordon, SD, Grove, J, Hall, LS, Hansen, CS, Hansen, TF, Herms, S, Hickie, IB, Hoffmann, P, Homuth, G, Horn, C, Hottenga, J-J, Hougaard, DM, Ising, M, Jansen, R, Jones, I, Jones, LA, Jorgenson, E, Knowles, JA, Kohane, IS, Kraft, J, Kretzschmar, WW, Krogh, J, Kutalik, Z, Li, Y, Lind, PA, MacIntyre, DJ, MacKinnon, DF, Maier, RM, Maier, W, Marchini, J, Mbarek, H, McGrath, P, McGuffin, P, Medland, SE, Mehta, D, Middeldorp, CM, Mihailov, E, Milaneschi, Y, Milani, L, Mondimore, FM, Montgomery, GW, Mostafavi, S, Mullins, N, Nauck, M, Ng, B, Nivard, MG, Nyholt, DR, O'Reilly, PF, Oskarsson, H, Owen, MJ, Painter, JN, Pedersen, CB, Pedersen, MG, Peterson, RE, Pettersson, E, Peyrot, WJ, Pistis, G, Posthuma, D, Quiroz, JA, Qvist, P, Rice, JP, Riley, BP, Rivera, M, Mirza, SS, Schoevers, R, Schulte, EC, Shen, L, Shi, J, Shyn, SI, Sigurdsson, E, Sinnamon, GCB, Smit, JH, Smith, DJ, Stefansson, H, Steinberg, S, Strohmaier, J, Tansey, KE, Teismann, H, Teumer, A, Thompson, W, Thomson, PA, Thorgeirsson, TE, Traylor, M, Trubetskoy, V, Uitterlinden, AG, Umbricht, D, Van der Auwera, S, van Hemert, AM, Viktorin, A, Visscher, PM, Wang, Y, Webb, BT, Weinsheimer, SM, Wellmann, J, Willemsen, G, Wu, Y, Xi, HS, Yang, J, Zhang, F, Arolt, V, Berger, K, Boomsma, DI, Cichon, S, Dannlowski, U, de Geus, EJC, DePaulo, JR, Domenici, E, Domschke, K, Esko, T, Grabe, HJ, Hamilton, SP, Hayward, C, Heath, AC, Kendler, KS, Kloiber, S, Lewis, G, Li, QS, Lucae, S, Madden, PAF, Magnusson, PK, Martin, NG, McIntosh, AM, Metspalu, A, Mors, O, Mortensen, PB, Mueller-Myhsok, B, Nordentoft, M, O'Donovan, MC, Paciga, SA, Pedersen, NL, Penninx, BWJH, Perlis, RH, Porteous, DJ, Potash, JB, Preisig, M, Schaefer, C, Schulze, TG, Smoller, JW, Stefansson, K, Tiemeier, H, Uher, R, Voelzke, H, Weissman, MM, Werge, T, Lewis, CM, Levinson, DF, Breen, G, Borglum, AD, and Sullivan, PF

Abstract

Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is the treatment of choice for severe and treatment-resistant depression; disorder severity and unfavorable treatment outcomes are shown to be influenced by an increased genetic burden for major depression (MD). Here, we tested whether ECT assignment and response/nonresponse are associated with an increased genetic burden for major depression (MD) using polygenic risk score (PRS), which summarize the contribution of disease-related common risk variants. Fifty-one psychiatric inpatients suffering from a major depressive episode underwent ECT. MD-PRS were calculated for these inpatients and a separate population-based sample (n = 3,547 healthy; n = 426 self-reported depression) based on summary statistics from the Psychiatric Genomics Consortium MDD-working group (Cases: n = 59,851; Controls: n = 113,154). MD-PRS explained a significant proportion of disease status between ECT patients and healthy controls (p = .022, R2 = 1.173%); patients showed higher MD-PRS. MD-PRS in population-based depression self-reporters were intermediate between ECT patients and controls (n.s.). Significant associations between MD-PRS and ECT response (50% reduction in Hamilton depression rating scale scores) were not observed. Our findings indicate that ECT cohorts show an increased genetic burden for MD and are consistent with the hypothesis that treatment-resistant MD patients represent a subgroup with an increased genetic risk for MD. Larger samples are needed to better substantiate these findings.

Published
2019

18. Genome-wide by environment interaction studies of depressive symptoms and psychosocial stress in UK Biobank and Generation Scotland

Author

Arnau-Soler, A, Macdonald-Dunlop, E, Adams, MJ, Clarke, T-K, MacIntyre, DJ, Milburn, K, Navrady, L, Hayward, C, McIntosh, AM, Thomson, PA, Wray, NR, Ripke, S, Mattheisen, M, Trzaskowski, M, Byrne, EM, Abdellaoui, A, Agerbo, E, Air, TM, Andlauer, TFM, Bacanu, S-A, Baekvad-Hansen, M, Beekman, ATF, Bigdeli, TB, Binder, EB, Blackwood, DHR, Bryois, J, Buttenscon, HN, Bybjerg-Grauholm, J, Cai, N, Castelao, E, Christensen, JH, Coleman, JR, Colodro-Conde, L, Couvy-Duchesne, B, Craddock, N, Rawford, GEC, Davies, G, Deary, IJ, Degenhardt, F, Derks, EM, Direk, N, Dolan, C, Dunn, EC, Eley, TC, Escott-Price, V, Kiadeh, FFH, Finucane, HK, Foo, JC, Forstner, AJ, Frank, J, Gaspar, HA, Gill, M, Goes, FS, Gordon, SD, Grove, J, Hall, LS, Hansen, CS, Hansen, TF, Herms, S, Hickie, IB, Hoffmann, P, Homuth, G, Horn, C, Hottenga, J-J, Hougaard, DM, Ising, M, Jansen, R, Jones, I, Jones, LA, Jorgenson, E, Knowles, JA, Kohane, IS, Kraft, J, Kretzschmar, WW, Krogh, J, Kutalik, Z, Li, Y, Lind, PA, Macintyre, DJ, MacKinnon, DF, Maier, RM, Maier, W, Marchini, J, Mbarek, H, McGrath, P, McGuffin, P, Medland, SE, Mehta, D, Middeldorp, CM, Mihailov, E, Milaneschi, Y, Milani, L, Mondimore, FM, Montgomery, GW, Mostafavi, S, Mullins, N, Nauck, M, Ng, B, Nivard, MG, Nyholt, DR, O'Reilly, PF, Oskarsson, H, Owen, MJ, Painter, JN, Pedersen, CB, Pedersen, MG, Peterson, RE, Pettersson, E, Peyrot, WJ, Pistis, G, Posthuma, D, Quiroz, JA, Qvist, P, Rice, JP, Riley, BP, Rivera, M, Mirza, SS, Schoevers, R, Schulte, EC, Shen, L, Shi, J, Shyn, S, Sigurdsson, E, Sinnamon, GCB, Smit, JH, Smith, DJ, Stefansson, H, Steinberg, S, Streit, F, Strohmaier, J, Tansey, KE, Teismann, H, Teumer, A, Thompson, W, Thorgeirsson, TE, Traylor, M, Treutlein, J, Trubetskoy, V, Uitterlinden, AG, Umbricht, D, Van der Auwera, S, van Hemert, AM, Viktorin, A, Visscher, PM, Wang, Y, Webb, BT, Weinsheimer, SM, Wellmann, J, Willemsen, G, Witt, SH, Wu, Y, Xi, HS, Yang, J, Zhang, F, Arolt, V, Baune, BT, Berger, K, Boomsma, D, Cichon, S, Dannlowski, U, de Geus, EJC, DePaulo, JR, Domenici, E, Domschke, K, Esko, T, Grabe, HJ, Hamilton, SP, Heath, AC, Kendler, KS, Kloiber, S, Lewis, G, Li, QS, Lucae, S, Madden, PAF, Magnusson, PK, Martin, NG, Metspalu, A, Mors, O, Mortensen, PB, Mueller-Myhsok, B, Nordentoft, M, Noethen, MM, O'Donovan, MC, Paciga, SA, Pedersen, NL, Penninx, BWJH, Perlis, RH, Porteous, DJ, Potash, JB, Preisig, M, Rietschel, M, Schaefer, C, Schulze, TG, Smoller, JW, Stefansson, K, Tiemeier, H, Uher, R, Voelzke, H, Weissman, MM, Werge, T, Lewis, CM, Levinson, DF, Breen, G, Borglum, ASD, Sullivan, PF, Arnau-Soler, A, Macdonald-Dunlop, E, Adams, MJ, Clarke, T-K, MacIntyre, DJ, Milburn, K, Navrady, L, Hayward, C, McIntosh, AM, Thomson, PA, Wray, NR, Ripke, S, Mattheisen, M, Trzaskowski, M, Byrne, EM, Abdellaoui, A, Agerbo, E, Air, TM, Andlauer, TFM, Bacanu, S-A, Baekvad-Hansen, M, Beekman, ATF, Bigdeli, TB, Binder, EB, Blackwood, DHR, Bryois, J, Buttenscon, HN, Bybjerg-Grauholm, J, Cai, N, Castelao, E, Christensen, JH, Coleman, JR, Colodro-Conde, L, Couvy-Duchesne, B, Craddock, N, Rawford, GEC, Davies, G, Deary, IJ, Degenhardt, F, Derks, EM, Direk, N, Dolan, C, Dunn, EC, Eley, TC, Escott-Price, V, Kiadeh, FFH, Finucane, HK, Foo, JC, Forstner, AJ, Frank, J, Gaspar, HA, Gill, M, Goes, FS, Gordon, SD, Grove, J, Hall, LS, Hansen, CS, Hansen, TF, Herms, S, Hickie, IB, Hoffmann, P, Homuth, G, Horn, C, Hottenga, J-J, Hougaard, DM, Ising, M, Jansen, R, Jones, I, Jones, LA, Jorgenson, E, Knowles, JA, Kohane, IS, Kraft, J, Kretzschmar, WW, Krogh, J, Kutalik, Z, Li, Y, Lind, PA, Macintyre, DJ, MacKinnon, DF, Maier, RM, Maier, W, Marchini, J, Mbarek, H, McGrath, P, McGuffin, P, Medland, SE, Mehta, D, Middeldorp, CM, Mihailov, E, Milaneschi, Y, Milani, L, Mondimore, FM, Montgomery, GW, Mostafavi, S, Mullins, N, Nauck, M, Ng, B, Nivard, MG, Nyholt, DR, O'Reilly, PF, Oskarsson, H, Owen, MJ, Painter, JN, Pedersen, CB, Pedersen, MG, Peterson, RE, Pettersson, E, Peyrot, WJ, Pistis, G, Posthuma, D, Quiroz, JA, Qvist, P, Rice, JP, Riley, BP, Rivera, M, Mirza, SS, Schoevers, R, Schulte, EC, Shen, L, Shi, J, Shyn, S, Sigurdsson, E, Sinnamon, GCB, Smit, JH, Smith, DJ, Stefansson, H, Steinberg, S, Streit, F, Strohmaier, J, Tansey, KE, Teismann, H, Teumer, A, Thompson, W, Thorgeirsson, TE, Traylor, M, Treutlein, J, Trubetskoy, V, Uitterlinden, AG, Umbricht, D, Van der Auwera, S, van Hemert, AM, Viktorin, A, Visscher, PM, Wang, Y, Webb, BT, Weinsheimer, SM, Wellmann, J, Willemsen, G, Witt, SH, Wu, Y, Xi, HS, Yang, J, Zhang, F, Arolt, V, Baune, BT, Berger, K, Boomsma, D, Cichon, S, Dannlowski, U, de Geus, EJC, DePaulo, JR, Domenici, E, Domschke, K, Esko, T, Grabe, HJ, Hamilton, SP, Heath, AC, Kendler, KS, Kloiber, S, Lewis, G, Li, QS, Lucae, S, Madden, PAF, Magnusson, PK, Martin, NG, Metspalu, A, Mors, O, Mortensen, PB, Mueller-Myhsok, B, Nordentoft, M, Noethen, MM, O'Donovan, MC, Paciga, SA, Pedersen, NL, Penninx, BWJH, Perlis, RH, Porteous, DJ, Potash, JB, Preisig, M, Rietschel, M, Schaefer, C, Schulze, TG, Smoller, JW, Stefansson, K, Tiemeier, H, Uher, R, Voelzke, H, Weissman, MM, Werge, T, Lewis, CM, Levinson, DF, Breen, G, Borglum, ASD, and Sullivan, PF

Abstract

Stress is associated with poorer physical and mental health. To improve our understanding of this link, we performed genome-wide association studies (GWAS) of depressive symptoms and genome-wide by environment interaction studies (GWEIS) of depressive symptoms and stressful life events (SLE) in two UK population-based cohorts (Generation Scotland and UK Biobank). No SNP was individually significant in either GWAS, but gene-based tests identified six genes associated with depressive symptoms in UK Biobank (DCC, ACSS3, DRD2, STAG1, FOXP2 and KYNU; p < 2.77 × 10-6). Two SNPs with genome-wide significant GxE effects were identified by GWEIS in Generation Scotland: rs12789145 (53-kb downstream PIWIL4; p = 4.95 × 10-9; total SLE) and rs17070072 (intronic to ZCCHC2; p = 1.46 × 10-8; dependent SLE). A third locus upstream CYLC2 (rs12000047 and rs12005200, p < 2.00 × 10-8; dependent SLE) when the joint effect of the SNP main and GxE effects was considered. GWEIS gene-based tests identified: MTNR1B with GxE effect with dependent SLE in Generation Scotland; and PHF2 with the joint effect in UK Biobank (p < 2.77 × 10-6). Polygenic risk scores (PRSs) analyses incorporating GxE effects improved the prediction of depressive symptom scores, when using weights derived from either the UK Biobank GWAS of depressive symptoms (p = 0.01) or the PGC GWAS of major depressive disorder (p = 5.91 × 10-3). Using an independent sample, PRS derived using GWEIS GxE effects provided evidence of shared aetiologies between depressive symptoms and schizotypal personality, heart disease and COPD. Further such studies are required and may result in improved treatments for depression and other stress-related conditions.

Published
2019

19. Integrated analysis of environmental and genetic influences on cord blood DNA methylation in new-borns

Author

Czamara, D, Eraslan, G, Page, CM, Lahti, J, Lahti-Pulkkinen, M, Hamalainen, E, Kajantie, E, Laivuori, H, Villa, PM, Reynolds, RM, Nystad, W, Haberg, SE, London, SJ, O'Donnell, KJ, Garg, E, Meaney, MJ, Entringer, S, Wadhwa, PD, Buss, C, Jones, MJ, Lin, DTS, MacIsaac, JL, Kobor, MS, Koen, N, Zar, HJ, Koenen, KC, Dalvie, S, Stein, DJ, Kondofersky, I, Mueller, NS, Theis, FJ, Raikkonen, K, Binder, EB, Wray, NR, Ripke, S, Mattheisen, M, Trzaskowski, M, Byrne, EM, Abdellaoui, A, Adams, MJ, Agerbo, E, Air, TM, Andlauer, TFM, Bacanu, S-A, Baekvad-Hansen, M, Beekman, ATF, Bigdeli, TB, Blackwood, DHR, Bryois, J, Buttenschon, HN, Bybjerg-Grauholm, J, Cai, N, Castelao, E, Christensen, JH, Clarke, T-K, Coleman, JR, Colodro-Conde, L, Couvy-Duchesne, B, Craddock, N, Crawford, GE, Davies, G, Deary, IJ, Degenhardt, F, Derks, EM, Direk, N, Dolan, C, Dunn, EC, Eley, TC, Escott-Price, V, Kiadeh, FFH, Finucane, HK, Forstner, AJ, Frank, J, Gaspar, HA, Gill, M, Goes, FS, Gordon, SD, Grove, J, Hall, LS, Hansen, CS, Hansen, TF, Herms, S, Hickie, IB, Hoffmann, P, Homuth, G, Horn, C, Hottenga, J-J, Hougaard, DM, Ising, M, Jansen, R, Jorgenson, E, Knowles, JA, Kohane, IS, Kraft, J, Kretzschmar, WW, Krogh, J, Kutalik, Z, Li, Y, Lind, PA, MacIntyre, DJ, MacKinnon, DF, Maier, RM, Maier, W, Marchini, J, Mbarek, H, McGrath, P, McGuffin, P, Medland, SE, Mehta, D, Middeldorp, CM, Mihailov, E, Milaneschi, Y, Milani, L, Mondimore, FM, Montgomery, GW, Mostafavi, S, Mullins, N, Nauck, M, Ng, B, Nivard, MG, Nyholt, DR, O'Reilly, PF, Oskarsson, H, Owen, MJ, Painter, JN, Pedersen, CB, Pedersen, MG, Peterson, RE, Pettersson, E, Peyrot, WJ, Pistis, G, Posthuma, D, Quiroz, JA, Qvist, P, Rice, JP, Riley, BP, Rivera, M, Mirza, SS, Schoevers, R, Schulte, EC, Shen, L, Shi, J, Shyn, S, Sigurdsson, E, Sinnamon, GCB, Smit, JH, Smith, DJ, Stefansson, H, Steinberg, S, Streit, F, Strohmaier, J, Tansey, KE, Teismann, H, Teumer, A, Thompson, W, Thomson, PA, Thorgeirsson, TE, Traylor, M, Treutlein, J, Trubetskoy, V, Uitterlinden, AG, Umbricht, D, Van der Auwera, S, van Hemert, AM, Viktorin, A, Visscher, PM, Wang, Y, Webb, BT, Weinsheimer, SM, Wellmann, J, Willemsen, G, Witt, SH, Wu, Y, Xi, HS, Yang, J, Zhang, F, Arolt, V, Baune, BT, Berger, K, Boomsma, D, Cichon, S, Dannlowski, U, de Geus, EJC, DePaulo, JR, Domenici, E, Domschke, K, Esko, T, Grabe, HJ, Hamilton, SP, Hayward, C, Heath, AC, Kendler, KS, Kloiber, S, Lewis, G, Li, QS, Lucae, S, Madden, PAF, Magnusson, PK, Martin, NG, McIntosh, AM, Metspalu, A, Mors, O, Mortensen, PB, Mueller-Myhsok, B, Nordentoft, M, Noethen, MM, O'Donovan, MC, Paciga, SA, Pedersen, NL, Penninx, BWJH, Perlis, RH, Porteous, DJ, Potash, JB, Preisig, M, Rietschel, M, Schaefer, C, Schulze, TG, Smoller, JW, Stefansson, K, Tiemeier, H, Uher, R, Voelzke, H, Weissman, MM, Werge, T, Lewis, CM, Levinson, DF, Breen, G, Borglum, AD, Sullivan, PF, Czamara, D, Eraslan, G, Page, CM, Lahti, J, Lahti-Pulkkinen, M, Hamalainen, E, Kajantie, E, Laivuori, H, Villa, PM, Reynolds, RM, Nystad, W, Haberg, SE, London, SJ, O'Donnell, KJ, Garg, E, Meaney, MJ, Entringer, S, Wadhwa, PD, Buss, C, Jones, MJ, Lin, DTS, MacIsaac, JL, Kobor, MS, Koen, N, Zar, HJ, Koenen, KC, Dalvie, S, Stein, DJ, Kondofersky, I, Mueller, NS, Theis, FJ, Raikkonen, K, Binder, EB, Wray, NR, Ripke, S, Mattheisen, M, Trzaskowski, M, Byrne, EM, Abdellaoui, A, Adams, MJ, Agerbo, E, Air, TM, Andlauer, TFM, Bacanu, S-A, Baekvad-Hansen, M, Beekman, ATF, Bigdeli, TB, Blackwood, DHR, Bryois, J, Buttenschon, HN, Bybjerg-Grauholm, J, Cai, N, Castelao, E, Christensen, JH, Clarke, T-K, Coleman, JR, Colodro-Conde, L, Couvy-Duchesne, B, Craddock, N, Crawford, GE, Davies, G, Deary, IJ, Degenhardt, F, Derks, EM, Direk, N, Dolan, C, Dunn, EC, Eley, TC, Escott-Price, V, Kiadeh, FFH, Finucane, HK, Forstner, AJ, Frank, J, Gaspar, HA, Gill, M, Goes, FS, Gordon, SD, Grove, J, Hall, LS, Hansen, CS, Hansen, TF, Herms, S, Hickie, IB, Hoffmann, P, Homuth, G, Horn, C, Hottenga, J-J, Hougaard, DM, Ising, M, Jansen, R, Jorgenson, E, Knowles, JA, Kohane, IS, Kraft, J, Kretzschmar, WW, Krogh, J, Kutalik, Z, Li, Y, Lind, PA, MacIntyre, DJ, MacKinnon, DF, Maier, RM, Maier, W, Marchini, J, Mbarek, H, McGrath, P, McGuffin, P, Medland, SE, Mehta, D, Middeldorp, CM, Mihailov, E, Milaneschi, Y, Milani, L, Mondimore, FM, Montgomery, GW, Mostafavi, S, Mullins, N, Nauck, M, Ng, B, Nivard, MG, Nyholt, DR, O'Reilly, PF, Oskarsson, H, Owen, MJ, Painter, JN, Pedersen, CB, Pedersen, MG, Peterson, RE, Pettersson, E, Peyrot, WJ, Pistis, G, Posthuma, D, Quiroz, JA, Qvist, P, Rice, JP, Riley, BP, Rivera, M, Mirza, SS, Schoevers, R, Schulte, EC, Shen, L, Shi, J, Shyn, S, Sigurdsson, E, Sinnamon, GCB, Smit, JH, Smith, DJ, Stefansson, H, Steinberg, S, Streit, F, Strohmaier, J, Tansey, KE, Teismann, H, Teumer, A, Thompson, W, Thomson, PA, Thorgeirsson, TE, Traylor, M, Treutlein, J, Trubetskoy, V, Uitterlinden, AG, Umbricht, D, Van der Auwera, S, van Hemert, AM, Viktorin, A, Visscher, PM, Wang, Y, Webb, BT, Weinsheimer, SM, Wellmann, J, Willemsen, G, Witt, SH, Wu, Y, Xi, HS, Yang, J, Zhang, F, Arolt, V, Baune, BT, Berger, K, Boomsma, D, Cichon, S, Dannlowski, U, de Geus, EJC, DePaulo, JR, Domenici, E, Domschke, K, Esko, T, Grabe, HJ, Hamilton, SP, Hayward, C, Heath, AC, Kendler, KS, Kloiber, S, Lewis, G, Li, QS, Lucae, S, Madden, PAF, Magnusson, PK, Martin, NG, McIntosh, AM, Metspalu, A, Mors, O, Mortensen, PB, Mueller-Myhsok, B, Nordentoft, M, Noethen, MM, O'Donovan, MC, Paciga, SA, Pedersen, NL, Penninx, BWJH, Perlis, RH, Porteous, DJ, Potash, JB, Preisig, M, Rietschel, M, Schaefer, C, Schulze, TG, Smoller, JW, Stefansson, K, Tiemeier, H, Uher, R, Voelzke, H, Weissman, MM, Werge, T, Lewis, CM, Levinson, DF, Breen, G, Borglum, AD, and Sullivan, PF

Abstract

Epigenetic processes, including DNA methylation (DNAm), are among the mechanisms allowing integration of genetic and environmental factors to shape cellular function. While many studies have investigated either environmental or genetic contributions to DNAm, few have assessed their integrated effects. Here we examine the relative contributions of prenatal environmental factors and genotype on DNA methylation in neonatal blood at variably methylated regions (VMRs) in 4 independent cohorts (overall n = 2365). We use Akaike's information criterion to test which factors best explain variability of methylation in the cohort-specific VMRs: several prenatal environmental factors (E), genotypes in cis (G), or their additive (G + E) or interaction (GxE) effects. Genetic and environmental factors in combination best explain DNAm at the majority of VMRs. The CpGs best explained by either G, G + E or GxE are functionally distinct. The enrichment of genetic variants from GxE models in GWAS for complex disorders supports their importance for disease risk.

Published
2019

20. Genome-Wide Association Study Meta-Analysis of the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT) in Two Population-Based Cohorts

Author

Sanchez-Roige, S, Palmer, AA, Fontanillas, P, Elson, SL, 23andMe Research Team, Substance Use Disorder Working Group of the Psychiatric Genomics Consortium, Adams, MJ, Howard, DM, Edenberg, HJ, Davies, G, Crist, RC, Deary, IJ, McIntosh, AM, and Clarke, T-K

Subjects
Substance Use Disorder Working Group of the Psychiatric Genomics Consortium, 23andMe Research Team
Abstract

OBJECTIVE::Alcohol use disorders are common conditions that have enormous social and economic consequences. Genome-wide association analyses were performed to identify genetic variants associated with a proxy measure of alcohol consumption and alcohol misuse and to explore the shared genetic basis between these measures and other substance use, psychiatric, and behavioral traits. METHOD::This study used quantitative measures from the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT) from two population-based cohorts of European ancestry (UK Biobank [N=121,604] and 23andMe [N=20,328]) and performed a genome-wide association study (GWAS) meta-analysis. Two additional GWAS analyses were performed, a GWAS for AUDIT scores on items 1-3, which focus on consumption (AUDIT-C), and for scores on items 4-10, which focus on the problematic consequences of drinking (AUDIT-P). RESULTS::The GWAS meta-analysis of AUDIT total score identified 10 associated risk loci. Novel associations localized to genes including JCAD and SLC39A13; this study also replicated previously identified signals in the genes ADH1B, ADH1C, KLB, and GCKR. The dimensions of AUDIT showed positive genetic correlations with alcohol consumption (rg=0.76-0.92) and DSM-IV alcohol dependence (rg=0.33-0.63). AUDIT-P and AUDIT-C scores showed significantly different patterns of association across a number of traits, including psychiatric disorders. AUDIT-P score was significantly positively genetically correlated with schizophrenia (rg=0.22), major depressive disorder (rg=0.26), and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (rg=0.23), whereas AUDIT-C score was significantly negatively genetically correlated with major depressive disorder (rg=-0.24) and ADHD (rg=-0.10). This study also used the AUDIT data in the UK Biobank to identify thresholds for dichotomizing AUDIT total score that optimize genetic correlations with DSM-IV alcohol dependence. Coding individuals with AUDIT total scores ≤4 as control subjects and those with scores ≥12 as case subjects produced a significant high genetic correlation with DSM-IV alcohol dependence (rg=0.82) while retaining most subjects. CONCLUSIONS::AUDIT scores ascertained in population-based cohorts can be used to explore the genetic basis of both alcohol consumption and alcohol use disorders.

Published
2018

22. Applying polygenic risk scoring for psychiatric disorders to a large family with bipolar disorder and major depressive disorder

Author

de Jong, S, Diniz, MJA, Saloma, A, Gadelha, A, Santoro, ML, Ota, VK, Noto, C, Wray, NR, Ripke, S, Mattheisen, M, Trzaskowski, M, Byrne, EM, Abdellaoui, A, Adams, MJ, Agerbo, E, Air, TM, Andlauer, TFM, Bacanu, SA, Bækvad-Hansen, M, Beekman, ATF, Bigdeli, TB, Binder, EB, Blackwood, DHR, Bryois, J, Buttenschøn, HN, Bybjerg-Grauholm, J, Cai, N, Castelao, E, Christensen, JH, Clarke, TK, Coleman, JRI, Colodro-Conde, L, Couvy-Duchesne, B, Craddock, N, Crawford, GE, Davies, G, Deary, IJ, Degenhardt, F, Derks, EM, Direk, N, Dolan, CV, Dunn, EC, Eley, TC, Escott-Price, V, Kiadeh, FFH, Finucane, HK, Forstner, AJ, Frank, J, Gaspar, HA, Gill, M, Goes, FS, Gordon, SD, Grove, J, Hansen, CS, Hansen, TF, Herms, S, Hickie, IB, Hoffmann, P, Homuth, G, Horn, C, Hottenga, JJ, Hougaard, DM, Ising, M, Jansen, R, Jones, I, Jones, LA, Jorgenson, E, Knowles, JA, Kohane, IS, Kraft, J, Kretzschmar, WW, Krogh, J, Kutalik, Z, Li, Y, Lind, PA, MacIntyre, DJ, MacKinnon, DF, Maier, RM, Maier, W, Marchini, J, Mbarek, H, McGrath, P, McGuffin, P, Medland, SE, Mehta, D, Middeldorp, CM, Mihailov, E, Milaneschi, Y, Milani, L, Mondimore, FM, Montgomery, GW, Mostafavi, S, Mullins, N, Nauck, M, Ng, B, Nivard, MG, Nyholt, DR, Oskarsson, H, Owen, MJ, Painter, JN, de Jong, S, Diniz, MJA, Saloma, A, Gadelha, A, Santoro, ML, Ota, VK, Noto, C, Wray, NR, Ripke, S, Mattheisen, M, Trzaskowski, M, Byrne, EM, Abdellaoui, A, Adams, MJ, Agerbo, E, Air, TM, Andlauer, TFM, Bacanu, SA, Bækvad-Hansen, M, Beekman, ATF, Bigdeli, TB, Binder, EB, Blackwood, DHR, Bryois, J, Buttenschøn, HN, Bybjerg-Grauholm, J, Cai, N, Castelao, E, Christensen, JH, Clarke, TK, Coleman, JRI, Colodro-Conde, L, Couvy-Duchesne, B, Craddock, N, Crawford, GE, Davies, G, Deary, IJ, Degenhardt, F, Derks, EM, Direk, N, Dolan, CV, Dunn, EC, Eley, TC, Escott-Price, V, Kiadeh, FFH, Finucane, HK, Forstner, AJ, Frank, J, Gaspar, HA, Gill, M, Goes, FS, Gordon, SD, Grove, J, Hansen, CS, Hansen, TF, Herms, S, Hickie, IB, Hoffmann, P, Homuth, G, Horn, C, Hottenga, JJ, Hougaard, DM, Ising, M, Jansen, R, Jones, I, Jones, LA, Jorgenson, E, Knowles, JA, Kohane, IS, Kraft, J, Kretzschmar, WW, Krogh, J, Kutalik, Z, Li, Y, Lind, PA, MacIntyre, DJ, MacKinnon, DF, Maier, RM, Maier, W, Marchini, J, Mbarek, H, McGrath, P, McGuffin, P, Medland, SE, Mehta, D, Middeldorp, CM, Mihailov, E, Milaneschi, Y, Milani, L, Mondimore, FM, Montgomery, GW, Mostafavi, S, Mullins, N, Nauck, M, Ng, B, Nivard, MG, Nyholt, DR, Oskarsson, H, Owen, MJ, and Painter, JN

Abstract

Psychiatric disorders are thought to have a complex genetic pathology consisting of interplay of common and rare variation. Traditionally, pedigrees are used to shed light on the latter only, while here we discuss the application of polygenic risk scores to also highlight patterns of common genetic risk. We analyze polygenic risk scores for psychiatric disorders in a large pedigree (n ~ 260) in which 30% of family members suffer from major depressive disorder or bipolar disorder. Studying patterns of assortative mating and anticipation, it appears increased polygenic risk is contributed by affected individuals who married into the family, resulting in an increasing genetic risk over generations. This may explain the observation of anticipation in mood disorders, whereby onset is earlier and the severity increases over the generations of a family. Joint analyses of rare and common variation may be a powerful way to understand the familial genetics of psychiatric disorders.

Published
2018

23. Genome-wide interaction study of a proxy for stress-sensitivity and its prediction of major depressive disorder.

Author

Yi, Z, Arnau-Soler, A, Adams, MJ, Generation Scotland, Major Depressive Disorder Working Group of the Psychiatric Genomics Consortium, Hayward, C, Thomson, PA, Yi, Z, Arnau-Soler, A, Adams, MJ, Generation Scotland, Major Depressive Disorder Working Group of the Psychiatric Genomics Consortium, Hayward, C, and Thomson, PA

Abstract

Individual response to stress is correlated with neuroticism and is an important predictor of both neuroticism and the onset of major depressive disorder (MDD). Identification of the genetics underpinning individual differences in response to negative events (stress-sensitivity) may improve our understanding of the molecular pathways involved, and its association with stress-related illnesses. We sought to generate a proxy for stress-sensitivity through modelling the interaction between SNP allele and MDD status on neuroticism score in order to identify genetic variants that contribute to the higher neuroticism seen in individuals with a lifetime diagnosis of depression compared to unaffected individuals. Meta-analysis of genome-wide interaction studies (GWIS) in UK Biobank (N = 23,092) and Generation Scotland: Scottish Family Health Study (N = 7,155) identified no genome-wide significance SNP interactions. However, gene-based tests identified a genome-wide significant gene, ZNF366, a negative regulator of glucocorticoid receptor function implicated in alcohol dependence (p = 1.48x10-7; Bonferroni-corrected significance threshold p < 2.79x10-6). Using summary statistics from the stress-sensitivity term of the GWIS, SNP heritability for stress-sensitivity was estimated at 5.0%. In models fitting polygenic risk scores of both MDD and neuroticism derived from independent GWAS, we show that polygenic risk scores derived from the UK Biobank stress-sensitivity GWIS significantly improved the prediction of MDD in Generation Scotland. This study may improve interpretation of larger genome-wide association studies of MDD and other stress-related illnesses, and the understanding of the etiological mechanisms underpinning stress-sensitivity.

Published
2018

25. Using Decision Analysis to Support Proactive Management of Emerging Infectious Wildlife Diseases

Author

Grant, EHC, Muths, E, Katz, RA, Canessa, S, Adams, MJ, Ballard, JR, Berger, L, Briggs, CJ, Coleman, JTH, Gray, MJ, Harris, MC, Harris, RN, Hossack, B, Huyvaert, KP, Kolby, J, Lips, KR, Lovich, RE, McCallum, HI, Mendelson, JR, Nanjappa, P, Olson, DH, Powers, JG, Richgels, KLD, Russell, RE, Schmidt, BR, Spitzen-van der Sluijs, A, Watry, MK, Woodhams, DC, White, CL, Grant, EHC, Muths, E, Katz, RA, Canessa, S, Adams, MJ, Ballard, JR, Berger, L, Briggs, CJ, Coleman, JTH, Gray, MJ, Harris, MC, Harris, RN, Hossack, B, Huyvaert, KP, Kolby, J, Lips, KR, Lovich, RE, McCallum, HI, Mendelson, JR, Nanjappa, P, Olson, DH, Powers, JG, Richgels, KLD, Russell, RE, Schmidt, BR, Spitzen-van der Sluijs, A, Watry, MK, Woodhams, DC, and White, CL

Abstract

Despite calls for improved responses to emerging infectious diseases in wildlife, management is seldom considered until a disease has been detected in affected populations. Reactive approaches may limit the potential for control and increase total response costs. An alternative, proactive management framework can identify immediate actions that reduce future impacts even before a disease is detected, and plan subsequent actions that are conditional on disease emergence. We identify four main obstacles to developing proactive management strategies for the newly discovered salamander pathogen Batrachochytrium salamandrivorans (Bsal). Given that uncertainty is a hallmark of wildlife disease management and that associated decisions are often complicated by multiple competing objectives, we advocate using decision analysis to create and evaluate trade‐offs between proactive (pre‐emergence) and reactive (post‐emergence) management options. Policy makers and natural resource agency personnel can apply principles from decision analysis to improve strategies for countering emerging infectious diseases.

Published
2017

26. Rethinking the Philistines: A 2017 Perspective

Author

Lipschits, O, Gadot, Y, Adams, MJ, Hitchcock, LA, Maeir, AM, Lipschits, O, Gadot, Y, Adams, MJ, Hitchcock, LA, and Maeir, AM

Abstract

This article discusses how new discoveries and new interpretive and collaborative frameworks are changing our picture of the Philistines.

Published
2017

27. Genome-wide Regional Heritability Mapping Identifies a Locus Within the TOX2 Gene Associated With Major Depressive Disorder

Author

Zeng, Y, Navarro, P, Shirali, M, Howard, DM, Adams, MJ, Hall, LS, Clarke, T-K, Thomson, PA, Smith, BH, Murray, A, Padmanabhan, S, Hayward, C, Boutin, T, MacIntyre, DJ, Lewis, CM, Wray, NR, Mehta, D, Penninx, BWJH, Milaneschi, Y, Baune, BT, Air, T, Hottenga, J-J, Mbarek, H, Castelao, E, Pistis, G, Schulze, TG, Streit, F, Forstner, AJ, Byrne, EM, Martin, NG, Breen, G, Mueller-Myhsok, B, Lucae, S, Kloiber, S, Domenici, E, Deary, IJ, Porteous, DJ, Haley, CS, McIntosh, AM, Zeng, Y, Navarro, P, Shirali, M, Howard, DM, Adams, MJ, Hall, LS, Clarke, T-K, Thomson, PA, Smith, BH, Murray, A, Padmanabhan, S, Hayward, C, Boutin, T, MacIntyre, DJ, Lewis, CM, Wray, NR, Mehta, D, Penninx, BWJH, Milaneschi, Y, Baune, BT, Air, T, Hottenga, J-J, Mbarek, H, Castelao, E, Pistis, G, Schulze, TG, Streit, F, Forstner, AJ, Byrne, EM, Martin, NG, Breen, G, Mueller-Myhsok, B, Lucae, S, Kloiber, S, Domenici, E, Deary, IJ, Porteous, DJ, Haley, CS, and McIntosh, AM

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Major depressive disorder (MDD) is the second largest cause of global disease burden. It has an estimated heritability of 37%, but published genome-wide association studies have so far identified few risk loci. Haplotype-block-based regional heritability mapping (HRHM) estimates the localized genetic variance explained by common variants within haplotype blocks, integrating the effects of multiple variants, and may be more powerful for identifying MDD-associated genomic regions. METHODS: We applied HRHM to Generation Scotland: The Scottish Family Health Study, a large family- and population-based Scottish cohort (N = 19,896). Single-single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) and haplotype-based association tests were used to localize the association signal within the regions identified by HRHM. Functional prediction was used to investigate the effect of MDD-associated SNPs within the regions. RESULTS: A haplotype block across a 24-kb region within the TOX2 gene reached genome-wide significance in HRHM. Single-SNP- and haplotype-based association tests demonstrated that five of nine genotyped SNPs and two haplotypes within this block were significantly associated with MDD. The expression of TOX2 and a brain-specific long noncoding RNA RP1-269M15.3 in frontal cortex and nucleus accumbens basal ganglia, respectively, were significantly regulated by MDD-associated SNPs within this region. Both the regional heritability and single-SNP associations within this block were replicated in the UK-Ireland group of the most recent release of the Psychiatric Genomics Consortium (PGC), the PGC2-MDD (Major Depression Dataset). The SNP association was also replicated in a depressive symptom sample that shares some individuals with the PGC2-MDD. CONCLUSIONS: This study highlights the value of HRHM for MDD and provides an important target within TOX2 for further functional studies.

Published
2017

29. Helping in cooperatively breeding long-tailed tits: a test of Hamilton's rule

Author

Hatchwell, BJ, Gullett, PR, and Adams, MJ

Abstract

Inclusive fitness theory provides the conceptual framework for our current understanding of social evolution, and empirical studies suggest that kin selection is a critical process in the evolution of animal sociality. A key prediction of inclusive fitness theory is that altruistic behaviour evolves when the costs incurred by an altruist (c) are outweighed by the benefit to the recipient (b), weighted by the relatedness of altruist to recipient (r), i.e. Hamilton's rule rb > c. Despite its central importance in social evolution theory, there have been relatively few empirical tests of Hamilton's rule, and hardly any among cooperatively breeding vertebrates, leading some authors to question its utility. Here, we use data from a long-term study of cooperatively breeding long-tailed tits Aegithalos caudatus to examine whether helping behaviour satisfies Hamilton's condition for the evolution of altruism. We show that helpers are altruistic because they incur survival costs through the provision of alloparental care for offspring. However, they also accrue substantial benefits through increased survival of related breeders and offspring, and despite the low average relatedness of helpers to recipients, these benefits of helping outweigh the costs incurred. We conclude that Hamilton's rule for the evolution of altruistic helping behaviour is satisfied in this species.

Published
2014

31. Dissection of Major Depressive Disorder using polygenic risk scores for Schizophrenia in two independent cohort

Author

Whalley, HC, primary, Adams, MJ, additional, Hall, LS, additional, Clarke, T-K, additional, Fernandez-Pujals, AM, additional, Gibson, J, additional, Wigmore, E, additional, Hafferty, Jonathan, additional, Hagenaars, SP, additional, Davies, G, additional, Campbell, A, additional, Hayward, C, additional, Lawrie, SM, additional, Porteous, DJ, additional, Deary, IJ, additional, and McIntosh, AM, additional

Published
2016
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32. Intelligence and neuroticism in relation to depression and psychological distress: evidence of interaction using data from Generation Scotland: Scottish Family Health Study and UK Biobank

Author

Navrady, LB, primary, Ritchie, SJ, additional, Chan, SWY, additional, Kerr, DM, additional, Adams, MJ, additional, Hawkins, E, additional, Porteous, DJ, additional, Deary, IJ, additional, Gale, CR, additional, Batty, GD, additional, and McIntosh, AM, additional

Published
2016
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34. Toward the Design of Double Metal Cyanides for the Copolymerization of CO2 and Epoxides

Author

Donald J. Darensbourg, Adams Mj, and Jason C. Yarbrough

Subjects
Cyanide, Cyclohexene, Catalysis, Inorganic Chemistry, chemistry.chemical_compound, chemistry, visual_art, Zinc iodide, Polymer chemistry, visual_art.visual_art_medium, Copolymer, Organic chemistry, Carbonate, Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Polycarbonate, Cyclohexene oxide
Abstract

Reaction of [KCpFe(CN)2PPh2(CH2)1.5]2 with zinc iodide results in the formation of a nonplanar diamond-shaped arrangement of [FeCNZn]2 with a bridging diphenyl-phosphinopropane, [CpFe(μ-CN)2ZnI(THF)]2-μ-dppp. This double metal cyanide (DMC) is found to mimic the reactivity of the heterogeneous DMC catalysts. That is, it serves to homogeneously catalyze the coupling of CO2 and cyclohexene oxide to afford cyclic cyclohexene carbonate and low molecular weight polycarbonate.

Published
2001

35. A two-step multiplex RT-PCR method for simultaneous detection of soil-borne wheat mosaic virus and wheat spindle streak mosaic virus from France

Author

UCL - AGRO/BAPA - Département de biologie appliquée et des productions agricoles, Gitton, F, Diao, A, Ducrot, O, Antoniw, JF, Adams, MJ, Maraite, Henri, UCL - AGRO/BAPA - Département de biologie appliquée et des productions agricoles, Gitton, F, Diao, A, Ducrot, O, Antoniw, JF, Adams, MJ, and Maraite, Henri

Abstract

A sequence of 942 nucleotides, located in the helicase gene of RNA1 of a French isolate of soil-borne wheat mosaic virus (SBWMV), is presented. This sequence was compared with the corresponding sequences published for Nebraskan and Chinese isolates and showed a 74.8% and 73.4% identity, respectively, with these isolates, whereas the Nebraskan and Chinese isolates shared a 78.2% identity. A set of primers specific to the French SBWMV isolate was designed on the basis of this sequenced 942 nucleotide fragment. A primer set for wheat spindle streak mosaic virus (WSSMV) was designed from the published partial sequence of a French isolate. Both sets of primers were combined into a two-step multiplex reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction, allowing simultaneous detection of both viruses in leaves of infected wheat samples. The amplification specificity of the two sets of primers was checked against isolates of SBWMV from Oklahoma and China, Indian peanut clump virus strains H, L and D from India, barley mild mosaic virus and barley yellow mosaic virus from France. SBWMV primers were specific for French isolates of this virus, whereas the primers designed from the sequence of a French isolate of WSSMV could also faintly detect barley yellow mosaic virus in barley plants. The RT-PCR technique was also compared with ELISA (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay) on 100 wheat leaf samples collected from the field on the basis of symptoms, and was shown to be reliable and reproducible.

Published
1999

40. Challenges to Radiologists: Responding to the Socioeconomic and Political Issues Keeping Radiologists Up at Night: The Third Annual Open Microphone Sessions at the 2011 AMCLC.

Author

Harolds JA, Kaye AD, and Adams MJ

Abstract

Radiologists and their practices and departments are facing challenges that are increasing in number and intensity. These include higher expectations from hospital administrators and referring physicians, new regulatory requirements, lower reimbursements, and competition from predatory practices. For many radiologists, these forces are having a negative impact on their job satisfaction, their lifestyles, and the time they have available for consultation, teaching, and research. Some radiologists face loss of employment, and the specialty faces existential threats. This article includes surveys of the ACR Council regarding recent challenges and summarizes comments from the councilors, the literature, and the authors with respect to recommendations to radiologists in meeting these challenges. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2012

41. Racial disparities in traumatic stress in prostate cancer patients: secondary analysis of a National URCC CCOP Study of 317 men.

Author

Purnell JQ, Palesh OG, Heckler CE, Adams MJ, Chin N, Mohile S, Peppone LJ, Atkins JN, Moore DF, Spiegel D, Messing E, Morrow GR, Purnell, Jason Q, Palesh, Oxana G, Heckler, Charles E, Adams, M Jacob, Chin, Nancy, Mohile, Supriya, Peppone, Luke J, and Atkins, James N

Abstract

Introduction: African American men have the highest rates of prostate cancer of any racial group, but very little is known about the psychological functioning of African American men in response to prostate cancer diagnosis and treatment.Purpose: In this secondary analysis of a national trial testing a psychological intervention for prostate cancer patients, we report on the traumatic stress symptoms of African American and non-African American men.Methods: This analysis includes 317 men (African American: n = 30, 9%; non-African American: n = 287, 91%) who were enrolled in the intervention trial, which included 12 weeks of group psychotherapy and 24 months of follow-up. Using mixed model analysis, total score on the Impact of Events Scale (IES) and its Intrusion and Avoidance subscales were examined to determine mean differences in traumatic stress across all time points (0, 3, 6, 12, 18, and 24 months). In an additional analysis, relevant psychosocial, demographic, and clinical variables were added to the model.Results: Results showed significantly higher levels of traumatic stress for African American men compared to non-African American men in all models independently of the intervention arm, demographics, and relevant clinical variables. African Americans also had a consistently higher prevalence of clinically significant traumatic stress symptoms (defined as IES total score ≥ 27). These elevations remained across all time points over 24 months.Conclusions: This is the first study to show a racial disparity in traumatic stress specifically as an aspect of overall psychological adjustment to prostate cancer. Recommendations are made for appropriate assessment, referral, and treatment of psychological distress in this vulnerable population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2011
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42. Early recovery after total knee arthroplasty performed with and without patellar eversion and tibial translation. A prospective randomized study.

Author

Dalury DF, Mulliken BD, Adams MJ, Lewis C, Sauder RR, Bushey JA, Dalury, David F, Mulliken, Brian D, Adams, Mary Jo, Lewis, Christina, Sauder, Rebecca R, and Bushey, Jennifer A

Abstract

Background: Proponents of minimally invasive total knee arthroplasty claim that patellar eversion and anterior tibial translation during total knee arthroplasty have a deleterious effect on early patient rehabilitation and the early clinical outcome. Our purpose was to identify differences in knee preference and clinical outcome measures in a series of patients who had undergone bilateral total knee arthroplasty with each knee randomized to one of two different surgical approaches: patellar eversion and anterior tibial translation, or patellar subluxation and no tibial translation.Methods: The knees of forty patients were prospectively randomized to one of two treatment groups, patellar eversion or patellar subluxation, with each patient having one knee treated with each type of approach. Three patients were withdrawn, leaving a final study group of thirty-seven patients. The patients and physical therapists were blinded to the type of treatment. Clinical outcomes, including the Knee Society scores, range of motion, quadriceps strength as tested with a dynamometer, and the patient's preferred knee on the basis of pain, motion, and strength, were collected preoperatively and at six weeks, twelve weeks, and six months postoperatively and were analyzed.Results: At six weeks after the surgery, there were no significant differences between the two groups with regard to the range of motion, quadriceps strength, or Knee Society scores. With regard to the patient's knee preference at six weeks, the two knees were rated as being the same in terms of pain, whereas a higher percentage preferred the knee treated with eversion in terms of motion (43% compared with 35% who preferred the knee treated with subluxation) and strength (43% compared with 22%). The mean arc of motion in both groups was approximately 113 degrees. At twelve weeks and six months after the surgery, we found no significant differences between the treatment groups in terms of the range of motion, quadriceps strength, or Knee Society scores, and there was no difference with regard to the patient's knee preference.Conclusions: We found no significant differences between the two treatment groups (patellar eversion and anterior tibial translation compared with patellar subluxation and no tibial translation) at six weeks, twelve weeks, or six months after the surgery. We concluded that patellar eversion and anterior tibial translation appear to have no adverse effects on the range of motion, quadriceps strength, or patient's knee preference during the early postoperative recovery period after total knee arthroplasty. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2009
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45. Honeybee syndrome, glycolysis, and birth defects (continued)

Author

Adams Mj

Subjects
Male, medicine.medical_specialty, business.industry, General Medicine, Bioinformatics, Mice, Endocrinology, Internal medicine, medicine, Animals, Humans, Glycolysis, Female, Neural Tube Defects, business, Vitamin A, Mannose
Published
1984

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