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To achieve excellence in dentistry, a multitude of steps needs to be completed. From performing a thorough history, to diagnosis and treatment planning, all the way to accurate insertion of the restorations, every aspect of the restorative process requires careful thought and precision, especially in a complex case. This article describes a stepwise approach to completing a full-mouth rehabilitation using an entirely digital approach. Additionally, it discusses ideal measures of isolation and bonding as pertaining to all-ceramic restorations. Through utilizing a systematic strategy, the clinician can establish a predictable path to ensure a successful result.

Rubber dams are frequently used to enable clinicians to achieve better visualization and isolation for dental procedures. Growing in popularity thanks in part to an increasing number of techniques facilitating their placement, rubber dams are able to be used for myriad restorative procedures, including crown and veneer preparation and cementation. An effect of rubber dam use is reduction of saliva, which causes temporary dehydration of the isolated teeth. In turn, this dehydration affects shade matching, an important aspect of esthetic outcomes. The purpose of this study was to determine the extent that shade is altered from baseline due to dehydration from rubber dam use during restorative procedures, and, furthermore, to determine the length of time required for teeth to rehydrate back to their baseline shade.

Social media has flooded the Internet with beautiful "before and after" photographs of porcelain restorations. While these images can help promote the benefits of cosmetic dentistry, one of the problems this can lead to is patients mistakenly assuming that such restorations are simple to achieve. They may fail to realize that multiple steps need to be taken to attain such esthetic results, with each step requiring meticulous attention to detail. What some patients may not appreciate is the precision that goes into every step and which is critical to achieving long-term success. From preparation design and material choice, to selecting the correct bonding protocol and cements, no steps in the restorative process can be overlooked or deemed less important than others. The case presented describes a smile rehabilitation with proper isolation and cementation protocols.

In the last years, the mean age of women who underwent cervical treatment for high-grade cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN 2-3) is similar to the age of women having their first pregnancy. The aim of this study was to evaluate the risk of preterm birth in subsequent pregnancies after loop electrosurgical excision procedure (LEEP).From January 2013 to January 2016 the study identified a total of 1435 women, nulliparous, who underwent LEEP for CIN 2-3, and who wished to have their first pregnancy. Before surgery, the lengths of the cervix were calculated by transvaginal sonography. After the treatment, the dimension of the removed tissue was evaluated. During the pregnancy, all women carried out periodic transvaginal sonography and vaginal-cervical swabs.The average age of patients was 31.96±5.24 years; the interval between the surgical procedure and pregnancy was 12.04±4.67 months; the gestational age at births was 37.53±2.91 weeks. The first vaginal and cervical swab performed during pregnancy was negative in 81.8% of patients. The most prevalent infections were related to C. Albicans, G. Vaginalis, and Group B Streptococcus (GBS). The rate of preterm delivery was significantly higher in women with a minor cervical length.The length and the volume of cervical tissue excised have been shown to be directly related to the risk for preterm birth. Furthermore, vaginal infections and their persistence during pregnancy in women with a history of LEEP may be associated with an increased risk for preterm birth, compared with women with no history of LEEP.

Come mai il nostro Sole, pur generando al suo interno energie di gran lunga superiori a quelle della più potente bomba atomica mai costruita dall’uomo, non esploderà mai eiettando violentemente il suo gas nello spazio circostante? A questa domanda risponderanno a 300 bambini nelle aule dell'Università di Bologna, astronomi dell'INAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Bologna.

In the latest years, the environmental research has focused on studying the water quality of marine-coastal ecosystems and on the main consequences of human activities within these environments, their surroundings and catchments. Among aquatic water systems, coastal lagoons are particularly vulnerable to water-quality deterioration, due to their restricted water exchange. In addition, they are used as nursery areas for aquaculture and fisheries exploitations, which represent the main economic relevance for local inhabitants. Protection of the ecological status of worldwide lagoons has to be the key purpose of the International directives, as coastal lagoons are naturally stressed ecosystems which suffer from frequent environmental disturbances and fluctuations related to their geomorphologic characteristics, general hydrodynamics, abiotic and biological parameters. The main keys of ecological research studies in coastal lagoons are represented by the need to improve the general knowledge on system dynamics focusing on the leading aspects useful to develop eco-compatible management plans which allow us to preserve their productivity avoiding losses of biodiversity related to the increase of bioavailabile nutrients. The increasing number of ecosystems exhibiting frequently a progressive decline of water quality has led environmental researchers and managers to identify eutrophication as a major worldwide problem. The development of simple and not expensive well calibrated indices of eutrophication represents one of the most actual ecological fields in which researchers are involved. Many European countries have developed within the Water Framework Directive (CE 2000/60), an environmental quality classification scheme in order to assess the trophic state and water quality through the use of specific indices based on environmental factors. Our aim is to evaluate nowadays the state of knowledge related to eutrophication of worldwide lagoon ecosystems, highlighting the main fields of interest and major problems. Leading problems are related to the choise of useful indices, their calibration, their efficiency in describing dynamics of lagoons characterized by different trophic levels and the selection of the opportune pristine ecosystem as reference for lagoon classifications related to water quality.

Il volume raccoglie i contributi presentati in occasione della Giornata di studio «Che fine fanno i neologismi?», svoltasi a Roma, presso l'Accademia nazionale dei Lincei, il 20 maggio 2005, a cento anni dalla prima edizione del Dizionario moderno di Alfredo Panzini. Sono affrontati vari temi relativi alla nascita e al destino dei neologismi, in un confronto tra italiano, francese e spagnolo, con l’'obiettivo di verificare corrispondenze e diversità fra le tre lingue nel settore dell'’innovazione lessicale. Introduzione; Bernard Quemada, Problématiques de la néologie; Tullio De Mauro, Dove nascono i neologismi; Manuel Alvar Ezquerra, Tendencias de los neologismos en español actual; Luca Serianni, Panzini lessicografo tra parole e cose; Vittorio Coletti, Un secolo di parole mancate; Sergio Raffaelli, La vicenda dei neologismi a corso forzoso nell'’Accademia d'’Italia; Giovanni Adamo - Valeria Della Valle, Tendenze nella formazione di parole nuove della stampa italiana contemporanea; Indice dei nomi