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While it has been shown that university attendance is strongly predicted by parental education, we know very little about why some potential first-generation students make it to university and others do not. This paper looks at the role of non-cognitive skills in the university participation of this disadvantaged group in England. We find that having higher levels of locus of control, academic self-concept, work ethic, and self-esteem in adolescence is positively related to intergenerational educational mobility to university. Our results indicate these skills help potential first-generation students to compensate for their relative disadvantage, and they are especially crucial for boys. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper investigates the relative importance of confidence in public institutions to explain cross‐country differences in the severity of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic. We find that a 1 SD increase (e.g., the actual difference between the United States and Finland) in confidence is associated with 56.3% fewer predicted deaths per million inhabitants. Confidence in public institutions is one of the most important predictors of deaths attributed to COVID‐19, compared to country‐level measures of health risks, the health system, demographics, economic and political development, and social capital. We show for the first time that confidence in public institutions encompasses more than just the unobserved quality of health or public services in general. If confidence only included the perceived quality, it would be associated with other health and social outcomes such as breast cancer recovery rates or imprisonment as well, but this is not the case. Moreover, our results indicate that fighting a pandemic requires citizens to cooperate with their governments, and willingness to cooperate relies on confidence in public institutions. Key points: There is substantial heterogeneity in COVID‐19 prevalence and deaths across countries.We employ regression and machine learning methods to identify the most critical predictors of deaths attributed to the pandemic.We find that confidence in public institutions is one of the most important predictors of deaths attributed to COVID‐19.Our results suggest that effective policy implementation during pandemics relies on confidence in public institutions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article provides an overview of the global macroeconomic trends. The macroeconomic trends show a breakthrough in the long-standing thresholds of the prices of the commodities in the global market. It also reveals that there is a correlation between the real price of gold and oil, as well as the dollar and euro exchange rate.