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2. Lung delivery of MSCs expressing anti-cancer protein TRAIL visualised with 89Zr-oxine PET-CT

Author

P. Stephen Patrick, Krishna K. Kolluri, May Zaw Thin, Adam Edwards, Elizabeth K. Sage, Tom Sanderson, Benjamin D. Weil, John C. Dickson, Mark F. Lythgoe, Mark Lowdell, Sam M. Janes, and Tammy L. Kalber

Subjects
PET-CT, Cell tracking, TRAIL, 89Zr-oxine, Cord-derived MSCs, Cell therapy, Medicine (General), R5-920, Biochemistry, QD415-436
Abstract

Abstract Background MSCTRAIL is a cell-based therapy consisting of human allogeneic umbilical cord-derived MSCs genetically modified to express the anti-cancer protein TRAIL. Though cell-based therapies are typically designed with a target tissue in mind, delivery is rarely assessed due to a lack of translatable non-invasive imaging approaches. In this preclinical study, we demonstrate 89Zr-oxine labelling and PET-CT imaging as a potential clinical solution for non-invasively tracking MSCTRAIL biodistribution. Future implementation of this technique should improve our understanding of MSCTRAIL during its evaluation as a therapy for metastatic lung adenocarcinoma. Methods MSCTRAIL were radiolabelled with 89Zr-oxine and assayed for viability, phenotype, and therapeutic efficacy post-labelling. PET-CT imaging of 89Zr-oxine-labelled MSCTRAIL was performed in a mouse model of lung cancer following intravenous injection, and biodistribution was confirmed ex vivo. Results MSCTRAIL retained the therapeutic efficacy and MSC phenotype in vitro at labelling amounts up to and above those required for clinical imaging. The effect of 89Zr-oxine labelling on cell proliferation rate was amount- and time-dependent. PET-CT imaging showed delivery of MSCTRAIL to the lungs in a mouse model of lung cancer up to 1 week post-injection, validated by in vivo bioluminescence imaging, autoradiography, and fluorescence imaging on tissue sections. Conclusions 89Zr-oxine labelling and PET-CT imaging present a potential method of evaluating the biodistribution of new cell therapies in patients, including MSCTRAIL. This offers to improve understanding of cell therapies, including mechanism of action, migration dynamics, and inter-patient variability.

Published
2020
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4. Interaction and Transformation on Social Media: The Case of Twitter Campaigns

Author

William Housley, Helena Webb, Meredydd Williams, Rob Procter, Adam Edwards, Marina Jirotka, Pete Burnap, Bernd Carsten Stahl, Omer Rana, and Matthew Williams

Subjects
Communication. Mass media, P87-96
Abstract

The increasing popularity of social media platforms creates new digital social networks in which individuals can interact and share information, news, and opinion. The use of these technologies appears to have the capacity to transform current social configurations and relations, not least within the public and civic spheres. Within the social sciences, much emphasis has been placed on conceptualizing social media’s role in modern society and the interrelationships between online and offline actors and events. In contrast, little attention has been paid to exploring user practices on social media and how individual posts respond to each other. To demonstrate the value of an interactional approach toward social media analysis, we performed a detailed analysis of Twitter-based online campaigns. After categorizing social media posts based on action(s), we developed a typology of user exchanges. We found these social media campaigns to be highly heterogeneous in content, with a wide range of actions performed and substantial numbers of tweets not engaged with the substance of the campaign. We argue that this interactional approach can form the basis for further work conceptualizing the broader impact of activist campaigns and the treatment of social media as “data” more generally. In this way, analytic focus on interactional practices on social media can provide empirical insight into the micro-transformational characteristics within “campaign communication.”

Published
2018
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5. Comparando el gobierno de la seguridad en Europa : un enfoque geohistórico

Author

Adam Edwards and Gordon Hughes

Subjects
CRIMINALIDAD COMPARATIVA, GEO-HISTORIA, GOBIERNO, DEPENDENCIA DE PODER, SEGURIDAD, CONTROL DEL DELITO, EUROPA, GOVERNANCE, POWER-DEPENDENCE, SAFETY, COMPARTATIVE CRIMINOLOGY GEO-HISTORY, Social Sciences, Social pathology. Social and public welfare. Criminology, HV1-9960
Abstract

El concepto de gobierno nos alerta acerca del ejercicio de la autoridad política más allá del Estado nacional. En el pensamiento criminológico, el gobierno ha estado asociado al giro preventivo de las estrategias de control del delito en Europa que reconoce los límites de la justicia criminal, invoca la participación directa de otras autoridades al igual que del sector comercial y del sector de voluntariado, y al hacerlo, generan nuevos objetos y lugares de control que están vinculados a las nociones de “seguridad” y “protección”. El corolario de este giro preventivo es un enfoque geo-histórico en la criminología comparativa que es capaz de reconocer los diversos contextos que constituyen nuevos lugares y objetos gobernables.

Published
2014
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6. Big and broad social data and the sociological imagination: A collaborative response

Author

William Housley, Rob Procter, Adam Edwards, Peter Burnap, Matthew Williams, Luke Sloan, Omer Rana, Jeffrey Morgan, Alex Voss, and Anita Greenhill

Subjects
General Works
Abstract

In this paper, we reflect on the disciplinary contours of contemporary sociology, and social science more generally, in the age of ‘big and broad’ social data. Our aim is to suggest how sociology and social sciences may respond to the challenges and opportunities presented by this ‘data deluge’ in ways that are innovative yet sensitive to the social and ethical life of data and methods. We begin by reviewing relevant contemporary methodological debates and consider how they relate to the emergence of big and broad social data as a product, reflexive artefact and organizational feature of emerging global digital society. We then explore the challenges and opportunities afforded to social science through the widespread adoption of a new generation of distributed, digital technologies and the gathering momentum of the open data movement, grounding our observations in the work of the Collaborative Online Social Media ObServatory (COSMOS) project. In conclusion, we argue that these challenges and opportunities motivate a renewed interest in the programme for a ‘public sociology’, characterized by the co-production of social scientific knowledge involving a broad range of actors and publics.

Published
2014
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10. Calibrating Chromatography: How Tswett Broke the Experimenters’ Regress

Author

Adam Edwards and Jonathan Livengood

Subjects
Philosophy, History, Chromatography, History and Philosophy of Science, Chemistry, 060302 philosophy, 05 social sciences, Calibration, 06 humanities and the arts, 0509 other social sciences, 050905 science studies, 0603 philosophy, ethics and religion
Abstract

We propose a new account of calibration according to which calibrating a technique shows that the technique does what it is supposed to do. To motivate our account, we examine an early 20th century debate about chlorophyll chemistry and Mikhail Tswett’s use of chromatographic adsorption analysis to study it. We argue that Tswett’s experiments established that his technique was reliable in the special case of chlorophyll without relying on either a theory or a standard calibration experiment. We suggest that Tswett broke the Experimenters’ Regress by appealing to material facts in the common ground for chemists at the time.

Published
2022
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14. Lung delivery of MSCs expressing anti-cancer protein TRAIL visualised with 89Zr-oxine PET-CT

Author

Elizabeth K. Sage, May Zaw Thin, Tammy L. Kalber, Mark W. Lowdell, Krishna K. Kolluri, Mark F. Lythgoe, Adam Edwards, Benjamin D. Weil, John Dickson, Tom Sanderson, Sam M. Janes, and P. Stephen Patrick

Subjects
0301 basic medicine, Biodistribution, Fluorescence-lifetime imaging microscopy, Lung Neoplasms, PET-CT, Medicine (miscellaneous), TRAIL, Cord-derived MSCs, Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (miscellaneous), Cell therapy, lcsh:Biochemistry, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, In vivo, Positron Emission Tomography Computed Tomography, medicine, Humans, Bioluminescence imaging, Tissue Distribution, lcsh:QD415-436, Lung cancer, Lung, lcsh:R5-920, business.industry, Research, Cancer, Cell Biology, Oxyquinoline, medicine.disease, 3. Good health, 030104 developmental biology, Cell tracking, 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis, Cancer research, Molecular Medicine, 89Zr-oxine, business, lcsh:Medicine (General), Ex vivo
Abstract

Background MSCTRAIL is a cell-based therapy consisting of human allogeneic umbilical cord-derived MSCs genetically modified to express the anti-cancer protein TRAIL. Though cell-based therapies are typically designed with a target tissue in mind, delivery is rarely assessed due to a lack of translatable non-invasive imaging approaches. In this preclinical study, we demonstrate 89Zr-oxine labelling and PET-CT imaging as a potential clinical solution for non-invasively tracking MSCTRAIL biodistribution. Future implementation of this technique should improve our understanding of MSCTRAIL during its evaluation as a therapy for metastatic lung adenocarcinoma. Methods MSCTRAIL were radiolabelled with 89Zr-oxine and assayed for viability, phenotype, and therapeutic efficacy post-labelling. PET-CT imaging of 89Zr-oxine-labelled MSCTRAIL was performed in a mouse model of lung cancer following intravenous injection, and biodistribution was confirmed ex vivo. Results MSCTRAIL retained the therapeutic efficacy and MSC phenotype in vitro at labelling amounts up to and above those required for clinical imaging. The effect of 89Zr-oxine labelling on cell proliferation rate was amount- and time-dependent. PET-CT imaging showed delivery of MSCTRAIL to the lungs in a mouse model of lung cancer up to 1 week post-injection, validated by in vivo bioluminescence imaging, autoradiography, and fluorescence imaging on tissue sections. Conclusions 89Zr-oxine labelling and PET-CT imaging present a potential method of evaluating the biodistribution of new cell therapies in patients, including MSCTRAIL. This offers to improve understanding of cell therapies, including mechanism of action, migration dynamics, and inter-patient variability.

Published
2020
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17. Adult polyglucosan body disease: an acute presentation leading to unmasking of this rare disorder

Author

Ramiro Castro Apolo, Preet Varade, Jaspreet Johal, Michael W Johnson, Adam Edwards Md, Michael R Persch, and Hussam A. Yacoub

Subjects
Adult, Male, Pathology, medicine.medical_specialty, 030204 cardiovascular system & hematology, Quadriplegia, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Atrophy, medicine, Dementia, Humans, 030212 general & internal medicine, Aged, medicine.diagnostic_test, business.industry, Leukodystrophy, Magnetic resonance imaging, General Medicine, Adult polyglucosan body disease, medicine.disease, Glycogen Storage Disease, Hyperintensity, Glycogen Branching Enzyme Deficiency, Peripheral neuropathy, Muscle Spasticity, Nervous System Diseases, business
Abstract

Introduction: Adult polyglucosan body disease (APBD) is an autosomal recessive leukodystrophy caused by abnormal intracellular accumulation of glycogen byproducts. This disorder is linked to a deficiency in glycogen branching enzyme-1 (GBE-1). Neurologic manifestations include upper and lower motor neuron signs, dementia, and peripheral neuropathy. APBD is typically a progressive disease. In this report, we discuss a novel case of APBD in a patient who had a sudden onset of spastic quadriparesis preceded by gradual difficulty with gait. Genetic and postmortem analysis confirmed the diagnosis of APBD.Case report: A 65-year-old man was evaluated for a new-onset of spastic quadriparesis, right-gaze preference, and left-sided beat nystagmus. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the brain revealed areas of white matter hyperintensities most prominent in the brainstem and periventricular regions. MRI of the cervical spine showed marked cord atrophy. Laboratory workup and cerebrospinal fluid analysis were unremarkable. Genetic testing supported the diagnosis of APBD due to GBE-1 deficiency. Postmortem analysis showed multiple white matter abnormalities suggestive of a leukodystrophy syndrome, and histopathologic testing revealed abnormal accumulation of polyglucosan bodies in samples from the patient's central nervous system supporting the diagnosis of APBD.Conclusion: APBD is a rare disorder that can affect the nervous system. The diagnosis can be confirmed with a combination of genetic testing and pathologic analysis of affected brain tissue.

Published
2021

18. The SAGE Handbook of Digital Society

Author

William Housley, Adam Edwards, Roser Beneito-Montagut, Richard Fitzgerald, SAGE Publications Ltd, William Housley, Adam Edwards, Roser Beneito-Montagut, Richard Fitzgerald, and SAGE Publications Ltd

Subjects
Information society--Social aspects
Abstract

This SAGE Handbook brings together cutting edge social scientific research and theoretical insight into the emerging contours of digital society. Chapters explore the relationship between digitisation, social organisation and social transformation at both the macro and micro level, making this a valuable resource for postgraduate students and academics conducting research across the social sciences. The topics covered are impressively far-ranging and timely, including machine learning, social media, surveillance, misinformation, digital labour, and beyond. This innovative Handbook perfectly captures the state of the art of a field which is rapidly gaining cross-disciplinary interest and global importance, and establishes a thematic framework for future teaching and research. Part 1: Theorising Digital Societies Part 2: Researching Digital Societies Part 3: Sociotechnical Systems and Disruptive Technologies in Action Part 4: Digital Society and New Social Dilemmas Part 5: Governance and Regulation Part 6: Digital Futures

Published
2023

19. 89Zr-oxine labelling and PET imaging shows lung delivery of a cell/gene cancer therapy

Author

May Zaw Thin, Sam M. Janes, Adam Edwards, P. Stephen Patrick, Benjamin D. Weil, Mark W. Lowdell, Tom Sanderson, Krishna K. Kolluri, John Dickson, Elizabeth K. Sage, Mark F. Lythgoe, and Tammy L. Kalber

Subjects
0303 health sciences, Biodistribution, Fluorescence-lifetime imaging microscopy, business.industry, Cell, medicine.disease, 3. Good health, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, medicine.anatomical_structure, In vivo, 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis, Cancer research, Medicine, Bioluminescence imaging, Viability assay, business, Lung cancer, Ex vivo, 030304 developmental biology
Abstract

PurposeMSCTRAIL is a new stem cell-based therapy for lung cancer, currently in phase I evaluation (ClinicalTrials.gov ref: NCT03298763). Biodistribution of cell therapies is rarely assessed in clinical trials, despite cell delivery to the target site often being critical to presumed mechanism of action. This preclinical study demonstrates that MSCTRAIL biodistribution dynamics can be detected non-invasively using 89Zr-oxine labelling and PET imaging, thus supporting use of this cell tracking technology in phase II evaluation.MethodsMSCTRAIL were radiolabelled with a range of 89Zr-oxine doses, and assayed for cell viability, phenotype and therapeutic efficacy post-labelling. Cell biodistribution was imaged in a mouse model of lung cancer using PET imaging and bioluminescence imaging (BLI) to confirm cell viability and location in vivo up to 1 week post-injection.ResultsMSCTRAIL retained therapeutic efficacy and MSC phenotype at doses up to and above those required for clinical imaging. The effect of 89Zr-oxine labelling on cell proliferation rate was dose and time-dependent. PET imaging showed delivery of MSCTRAIL to the lungs in a mouse model of lung cancer, with PET signal correlating with the presence of viable cells as assessed by bioluminescence imaging, ex vivo autoradiography and matched fluorescence imaging on lung tissue sections. Human dosimetry estimates were produced using simulations and preclinical biodistribution data.Conclusion89Zr-oxine labelling and PET imaging present an attractive method of evaluating the biodistribution of new cell-therapies, such as MSCTRAIL. This offers to improve understanding of mechanism of action, migration dynamics and interpatient variability of MSCTRAIL and other cell-based therapies.

Published
2019
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20. Effects of fluoxetine on functional outcomes after acute stroke (FOCUS) : a pragmatic, double-blind, randomised, controlled trial

Author

Martin Dennis, Gillian Mead, John Forbes, Catriona Graham, Maree Hackett, Graeme J Hankey, Allan House, Stephanie Lewis, Erik Lundström, Peter Sandercock, Karen Innes, Carol Williams, Jonathan Drever, Aileen Mcgrath, Ann Deary, Ruth Fraser, Rosemary Anderson, Pauli Walker, David Perry, Connor Mcgill, David Buchanan, Yvonne Chun, Lynn Dinsmore, Emma Maschauer, Amanda Barugh, Shadia Mikhail, Gordon Blair, Ingrid Hoeritzauer, Maggie Scott, Greig Fraser, Katherine Lawrence, Alison Shaw, Judith Williamson, David Burgess, Malcolm Macleod, Dan Morales, Frank Sullivan, Marian Brady, Ray French, Frederike Van Wijck, Caroline Watkins, Fiona Proudfoot, Joanna Skwarski, Diane Mcgowan, Rachael Murphy, Seona Burgess, William Rutherford, Katrina Mccormick, Ruaridh Buchan, Allan Macraild, Ruth Paulton, Adnan Fazal, Pat Taylor, Ruwan Parakramawansha, Neil Hunter, Jack Perry, John Bamford, Dean Waugh, Emelda Veraque, Caroline Bedford, Mary Kambafwile, Luis Idrovo, Linetty Makawa, Paula Smalley, Marc Randall, Tharani Thirugnana-Chandran, Ahamad Hassan, Richard Vowden, Joanne Jackson, Ajay Bhalla, Anthony Rudd, Chi Kai Tam, Jonathan Birns, Charlotte Gibbs, Leonie Lee Carbon, Elizabeth Cattermole, Katherine Marks, Angela Cape, Lisa Hurley, Sagal Kullane, Nigel Smyth, Charlotte Eglinton, Jennifer Wilson, Elio Giallombardo, Angela Frith, Paul Reidy, Matthew Pitt, Lucy Sykes, Deborah Dellafera, Victoria Croome, Lauriane Kerwood, Mirea Hancevic, Christina Narh, Carley Merritt, John Duffy, Duncan Cooke, Juliet Willson, Ali Ali, Aaizza Naqvi, Christine Kamara, Helen Bowler, Simon Bell, Tracy Jackson, Kirsty Harkness, Kathy Stocks, Suzanna Duty, Clare Doyle, Geoffrey Dunn, Keith Endean, Fiona Claydon, Emma Richards, Jo Howe, Ralf Lindert, Arshad Majid, Katy Dakin, Ahmad Maatouk, Luke Barron, Madana Meegada, Pratap Rana, Anand Nair, Christine Brighouse-Johnson, Jill Greig, Myint Kyu, Sanjeev Prasad, Matthew Robinson, Irfan Alam, Belinda Mclean, Lindsay Greenhalgh, Zenab Ahmed, Christine Roffe, Susan Brammer, Carole Beardmore, Kay Finney, Adrian Barry, Paul Hollinshead, Jeanette Grocott, Holly Maguire, Indira Natarajan, Jayan Chembala, Ranjan Sanyal, Sue Lijko, Nenette Abano, Alda Remegoso, Phillip Ferdinand, Stephanie Stevens, Resti Varquez, Chelsea Causley, Adrian Butler, Philip Whitmore, Caroline Stephen, Racquel Carpio, Joanne Hiden, Girish Muddegowda, Hayley Denic, Jane Sword, Ross Curwen, Martin James, Paul Mudd, Fiona Hall, Julie Cageao, Samantha Keenan, Caroline Roughan, Hayley Kingwell, Anthony Hemsley, Christoph Lohan, Sue Davenport, Angela Bowring, Tamika Chapter, Max Hough, David Strain, Karin Gupwell, Keniesha Miller, Anita Goff, Ellie Cusack, Shirley Todd, Rebecca Partridge, Georgiana Jennings, Kevin Thorpe, Jacquelyn Stephenson, Kelly Littlewood, Mark Barber, Fiona Brodie, Steven Marshall, Derek Esson, Irene Coburn, Caroline Mcinnes, Fiona Ross, Emma Bowie, Heather Barcroft, Victoria Withers, Laura Miller, Paul Willcoxson, Michelle Donninson, Richard Evans, Di Daniel, John Coyle, Michael Keeling, Peter Wanklyn, Mark Elliott, John Wightman, Elizabeth Iveson, Natasha Dyer, Anne-Marie Porteous, Monica Haritakis, Mandy Ward, Lucy Doughty, Lisa Carr, Mark O Neill, Cosmas Anazodo, Paul Wood, Poppy Cottrell, Cheryl Donne, Romina Rodriguez, Ruhail Mir, Jax Westmoreland, Judith Bell, Christopher Emms, Lorraine Wright, Pearl Clark Brown, Elizabeth Bamford, Andrew Stanners, Mike Carpenter, Prabal Datta, Richard Davey, Ann Needle, Marjorie Jane Eastwood, Fathima Zeena Razik, Imran Ghouri, Gavin Bateman, Judy Archer, Venkatesh Balasubramanian, Richard Bowers, Julie Ball, Louise Benton, Linda Jackson, Julie Ellam, Kate Norton, Paul Guyler, Terry Dowling, Sharon Tysoe, Paula Harman, Ashish Kundu, Ololade Omodunbi, Thayalini Loganathan, Stuart Chandler, Shanas Noor, Anwer Siddiqui, Amber Siddiqui, Swapna Kunhunny, Devesh Sinha, Martin Sheppard, Sindhu Rashmi, Elena France, Rajalakshmi Orath Prabakaran, Laura Wilson, Amiirah Ropun, Shyam Kelavkar, Kheng Xiong Ng, Lucy Kamuriwo, Sweni Shah, David Mangion, Camen Constantin, Luigi De Michele Hock, Anne Hardwick, Jayne Borley, Skarlet Markova, Kimberley Netherton, Tara Lawrence, Jo Fletcher, Rebecca Spencer, Helen Palmer, Claire Cullen, Dolores Hamill, Ramesh Durairaj, Zoe Mellor, Tanya Fluskey, Diane Wood, Alison Keeling, Victoria Hankin, Jennifer Peters, Daniela Shackcloth, Thant Hlaing, Rebecca Tangney, Jordan Ewing, Melanie Harrison, Sarah Stevenson, Victoria Sutton, Mohamed Soliman, Julia Hindle, Elizabeth Watson, Claire Hewitt, Susie Butler, Ibrahim Wahishi, Sarwat Arif, Amy Fields, Jagdish Sharma, Rose Brown, Caroline Taylor, Sarah Bell, Simon Leach, Chris Patterson, Sophia Khan, Helen Wilson, Joanne Price, Hawraman Ramadan, Stuart Maguire, Ruth Bellfield, Michaela Hooley, Umair Hamid, Waqar Gaba, Robina Ghulam, Leslie Masters, Outi Quinn, Lakshmanan Sekaran, Margaret Tate, Niaz Mohammed, Kiranjit Bharaj, Frances Justin, Rajan Pattni, Lanka Alwis, Sakthivel Sethuraman, Rianne Robinson, Lianne Eldridge, Susan Mintias, Meena Chauhan, Chi-Kai Tam, Jeremias Palmones, Clare Holmes, Lucy Belle Guthrie, Mairead Osborn, Lindsay Ball, Sarah Caine, Amy Steele, Peter Murphy, Nikki Devitt, Jayne Leonard, Ronak Patel, Ian Penwarden, Emily Dodd, Amy Holloway, Pauline Baker, Samantha Clarke, Sandra Williams, Lindsey Dow, Roland Wynn-Williams, James Kennedy, Rachel Teal, Ursula Schulz, Gary Ford, Philip Mathieson, Ian Reckless, Ana Deveciana, Paige Mccann, Gillian Cluckie, Geoffrey Howell, Jonathan Ayer, Barry Moynihan, Rita Ghatala, Brian Clarke, Geoffrey Cloud, Bhavini Patel, Usman Khan, Nia Al-Samarrai, Sarah Trippier, Neha Chopra, Temi Adedoyin, Fran Watson, Val Jones, Liqun Zhang, Lillian Choy, Rebecca Williams, Natasha Clarke, Adrian Blight, Kate Kennedy, Alice Dainty, Johann Selvarajah, Dheeraj Kalladka, Bharath Cheripelli, Wilma Smith, Fiona Moreton, Angela Welch, Xuya Huang, Elizabeth Douglas, Audrey Lush, Nicola Day, Salwa El Tawil, Karen Montgomery, Helen Hamilton, Doreen Ritchie, Sankaranarayanan Ramachandra, Kirsty Mcleish, Kamy Thavanesan, Sathyabama Loganathan, Josh Roberts, Chantel Cox, Sarah Orr, Alison Hogan, Divya Tiwari, Gail Hann, Barbara Longland, Owen David, Jo Bell, Catherine Ovington, Emily Rogers, Rachel Bower, Marketa Keltos, David Cohen, Joseph Devine, Lankantha Alwis, Lucy Southworth, Laura Burgess, Matilda Lang, Bhavna Badiani, Fenglin Guo, Anne Oshodi, Emmanuelle Owoyele, Norah Epie, Anette David, Mushiya Mpelembue, Rajaram Bathula, Mudhar Abdul-Saheb, Angela Chamberlain, Varthi Sudkeo, Khalid Rashed, Barbara Williams-Yesson, Joanne Board, Sarah De Bruijn, Clare Buckley, Sarah Board, Joanna Allison, Elizabeth Keeling, Tracey Duckett, Dave Donaldson, Carinna Vickers, Claire Barron, Linda Balian, Jodhi Wilson, Adam Edwards, Timothy England, Amanda Hedstrom, Elizabeth Bedford, Margaret Harper, Elina Melikyan, Wendy Abbott, Kashmira Subramanian, Marie Goldsworthy, Meena Srinivasan, Angela Yeomans, Denise Donaldson, Frances Hurford, Riquella Chapman, Sana Shahzad, Nicki Motherwell, Louise Tonks, Rachel Young, Usman Ghani, Indranil Mukherjee, Dipankar Dutta, Mudhar Obaid, Pauline Brown, Fiona Davis, Deborah Ward, Jennifer Turfrey, Bethan Cartwright, Bilal Topia, Judith Spurway, Kayleigh Collins, Rehana Bakawala, Chloe Hughes, Susan Oconnell, Linda Hill, Kausik Chatterjee, Tim Webster, Syed Haider, Pamela Rushworth, Fiona Macleod, Arumugam Nallasivan, Charlotte Perkins, Edel Burns, Sandra Leason, Tom Carter, Samantha Seagrave, Eman Sami, Lisa Armstrong, Syed Naseem Naqvi, Muhammad Hassan, Sharron Parkinson, Samantha Mawer, Gillian Darnbrook, Carl Booth, Brigid Hairsine, Matthew Smith, Sue Williamson, Fiona Farquhar, Bernard Esisi, Tim Cassidy, Gavin Mankin, Beverley Mcclelland, Maria Bokhari, David Sproates, Elliot Epstein, Steve Hurdowar, Ruth Blackburn, Nazran Sukhdeep, Saika Razak, Khalid Osman, Amina Hashmi, Natasha Upton, Frances Harrington, Gillian Courtauld, Christine Schofield, Linda Lucas, Katja Adie, Kirsty Bond, Abhijit Mate, Jo Skewes, Ali James, Carolyn Brodie, Matthew Johnson, Linda Allsop, Emma Driver, Karina Harris, Mark Drake, Sam Ellis, Bev Maund, Emma Thomas, Kimberley Moore, Matthew Burn, Adam Hamilton, Shageetha Mahalingam, Amulya Misra, Farrah Reid, Adrienne Benford, Derek Hilton, Lorraine Hazell, Keziah Ofori, Anne Louise Thomas, Moncy Mathew, Sonia Dayal, Iona Burn, Kenneth Fotherby, Karla Jennings-Preece, Angela Willberry, Debbie Morgan, Donna Butler, Gurminder Sahota, Kelly Kauldhar, Nasar Ahmad, Angela Stevens, Saugata Das, David Bruce, Yogish Pai, Khin Nyo, Lynsey Stephenson, Richard Nendick, Gill Rogers, Mahesh Dhakal, Sofia Dima, Ellen Brown, Susan Clayton, Penny Gamble, Muhammad Naeem, Rachel Hayman, Rachel Burnip, Philip Earnshaw, David Hargroves, Barbara Ransom, Hannah Rudenko, Ibrahim Balogun, Kirsty Griffiths, Kim Mears, Tom Webb, Linda Cowie, Tessa Hammond, Audrey Thomson, Daniela Ceccarelli, Navraj Chattha, Eva Beranova, Anna Verrion, Andrew Gillian, Natasha Schumacher, Anna Bahk, Susannah Walker, Vera Cvoro, Nicola Chapman, Susan Pound, Rebecca Cain, Sean Mcauley, Mandy Couser, Maria Simpson, Athan Tachtatzis, Khalil Ullah, Don Sims, Rachael Jones, Jonathan Smith, Rebecca Tongue, Mark Willmot, Claire Sutton, Edward Littleton, Jattinder Khaira, Susan Maiden, James Cunningham, Carole Green, Yin-May Chin, Michelle Bates, Katherine Ahlquist, Ingrid Kane, Joanna Breeds, Tenesa Sargent, Laura Latter, Alexandra Pitt Ford, Nicola Gainsborough, Tom Levett, Philip Thompson, Emma Barbon, Angela Dunne, Simon Hervey, Suzanne Ragab, Tracy Sandell, Christine Dickson, Judith Dube, Sharon Power, Nick Evans, Beverley Wadams, Savina Elitova, Beth Aubrey, Tatiana Garcia, James Mcilmoyle, Carol Jeffs, Christina Dickinson, Anis Ahmed, Sanjeev Kumar, Julie Frudd, Charlotte Armer, Andrew Potter, Stacey Donaldson, Joanne Howard, Kirsty Jones, Saikat Dhar, David Collas, Saul Sundayi, Lynn Denham, Deepali Oza, Elaine Walker, Mohit Bhandari, Sissy Ispoglou, Rachel Evans, Kamel Sharobeem, Elaine Walton, Steven Shanu, Anne Hayes, Jennifer Howard-Brown, Steven Billingham, Nic Weir, Vanessa Pressly, Emma Wood, Gabriella Howard, Holly Burton, Pam Crawford, Shuna Egerton, Sue Evans, Jasmine Hakkak, Janet Andrews, Rebecca Lampard, Christopher Allen, Ashleigh Walters, Rasha Said, James Richard Marigold, Sau-Mon Tsang, Robyn Creeden, Chloe Cox, Simon Smith, Imogen Gartrell, Fiona Smith, Colin Jenkins, Joanna Pryor, Andrew Hedges, Fiona Price, Linda Moseley, Lily Mercer, Claire Hughes, Abul Azim, Julie White, Milena Krasinska-Chavez, Shaun Chaplin, James Curtis, Deepwant Singh, Javed Imam, Anne Nicolson, Sajid Alam, Simon Whitworth, Lisa Wood, Elizabeth Warburton, Siobhan Kelly, Joanne Mcgee, Hugh Markus, Denish Chandrasena, Derek Hayden, Juliana Sesay, Helen Hayhoe, Mark Bolton, Jane Macdonald, Jenny Mitchell, Charlotte Farron, Elaine Amis, Diana Day, Ainsley Culbert, Ailene Espanol, Niamh Hannon, Dominic Handley, Sarah Finlay, Sarah Crisp, Lynne Whitehead, Jobbin Francis, Janice Oconnell, Emily Osborne, Rod Beard, Ramesh Krishnamurthy, Langanani Mokoena, Naweed Sattar, Min Myint, Michelle Edwards, Andrew Smith, Paul Corrigan, Anthony Byrne, Joanne Blackburn, Caroline Mcghee, Amanda Smart, Fiona Donaldson, Claire Copeland, Jill Wilson, Rhona Scott, Paul Fitzsimmons, Paula Lopez, Mark Wilkinson, Aravindakshan Manoj, Penelope Cox, Leona Trainor, Glyn Fletcher, Lisa Denny, Karen Kavanagh, Hannah Allsop, Hedley Emsley, Sulaiman Sultan, Alison Mcloughlin, Benjamin Walmsley, Louise Hough, Shakeel Ahmed, Donna Doyle, Bindu Gregary, Sonia Raj, Kirubananthan Nagaratnam, Neelima Mannava, Nyla Haque, Norma Shields, Kate Preston, Geraldine Mason, Kirsty Short, Gemma Lumsdale, Giulia Uitenbosch, Ugnius Sukys, Stacey Valentine, David Jarrett, Kerry Dodsworth, Mary Wands, Nisa Khan, Jane Tandy, Catrin Watkinson, Wendy Golding, Rebecca Butler, Max Williams, Yasmin Davies, Keith Yip, Claire James, Anne Suttling, Aditya Maney, Giles Edward Gamble, Adam Hague, Bethan Charles, Sujata Blane, Beatriz Duran, Caroline Lambert, Katherine Stagg, Robert Whiting, Jane E Homan, Sarah Brown, Malik Hussain, Miriam Harvey, Libby Graham, Leanne Foote, Catherine Lane, Liz (Joan) Kemp, Joy Rowe, Helen Durman, Jayne Foot, Lucy Brotherton, Nicholas Hunt, Corinne Pawley, Alison Whitcher, Patrick Sutton, Susan Mcdonald, Denys Pak, Alison Wiltshire, Jennifer Jagger, Anthony K Metcalf, Gail Louise Healey, Joyce Balami, Clare Marie Self, Melissa Crofts, Annie Chakrabarti, Chit Hmu, Garth Ravenhill, Charmaine Grimmer, Thandar Soe, Jocelyn Keshet-Price, Margaret Langley, Ian Potter, Pui-Lin Tam, Mary Joan Macleod, Patricia Cooper, Michael Christie, Janice Irvine, Faye Annison, David Christie, Celia Meneses, Amber Johnson, Anu Joyson, Sandra Nelson, Vicky Taylor, John Reid, Rebecca Clarke, Jacqueline Furnace, Heather Gow, Youssif Abousleiman, Tania Beadling, Sally Collins, Stuart Jones, Jessica Purcell, Samantha Bloom, Shelly Goshawk, Marcial Landicho, Sivatharshini Sangaralingham, Yasmin Begum, Sherree Mutton, Elangovan Munuswamy Vaiyapuri, Jane Allen, Jemma Lowe, Martin Hughes, Ivan Wiggam, Sarah Cuddy, Suzanne Tauro, Brian Wells, Azlisham Mohd Nor, Nicola Persad, Maggie Kalita, Stuart Weatherby, Claire Brown, Adrian Pace, Daniel Lashley, Mike Marner, Marie Weinling, Natasha Wilmshurst, Darren Waugh, Anna Mucha, Alex Shah, John Baker, Jacqueline Westcott, Richard Cowan, Evangelos Vasileiadis, Samira Mumani, Anthea Parry, Cathy Mason, Melinda Holden, Katerina Petrides, Tomoko Nishiyama, Hina Mehta, Manju Krishnan, Dacey Lynne, Lisa Thomas, Connor Lynda, Catherine Hughes, Clare Clements, Rhys Williams, Tal Anjum, Storton Sharon, Susan Tucker, Paul Jones, Deanne Colwill, Helen Thompson Jones, Dinesh Chadha, Mark Fairweather, Deborah Walstow, Rosanna Fong, Stuart Johnston, Christine Almadenboyle, Sarah Ross, Shona Carson, Priya Nair, Emily Tenbruck, Mairi Stirling, Aparna Pusalkar, Hannah Beadle, Kelly Chan, Puneet Dangri, Asaipillai Asokanathan, Anita Rana, Sunita Gohil, Mark Massyn, Prabhu Aruldoss, Angela Cook, Karen Crabtree, Sura Dabbagh, Toby Black, Caroline Clarke, Denise Mead, Ruth Fennelly, Alpha Anthony, Linda Nardone, Victoria Dimartino, Michele Tribbeck, David Broughton, Dinesh Tryambake, Lynn Dixon, Agnieszka Skotnicka, Jane Thompson, Sarah Whitehouse, Andrew Sigsworth, Jason Wong, Arunkumar Annamalai, Julie Pagan, Brendan Affley, Caroline Sunderland, Lynda Goldenberg, Atif Khan, Peter Wilkinson, Raad Nari, Lucy Abbott, Emma Young, Amritpal Shakhon, Sally Lock, Jack Stewart, Rita Pereira, Margaret Dsouza, Sally Dunn, Anne-Marie Mckenna, Nina Cron, Michelle Kidd, Grace Hull, Kerry Bunworth, Graham Drummond, Karim Mahawish, Nicola Hayes, Lynne Connell, Jennifer Simpson, Helen Penney, Shuja Punekar, Joanne Nevinson, William Wareing, Jacqueline Ward, Richard Greenwood, Duncan Austin, Azra Banaras, Carolin Hogan, Thomas Corbett, Nnebuife Oji, Emma Elliott, Maria Brezitski, Nathalie Passeron, Laura Howaniec, Caroline Watchurst, Krishna Patel, Renuka Erande, Rahi Shah, Nabarun Sengupta, Maria Metiu, Celia Gonzalez, Sarah Funnell, Jordi Margalef, Gillian Peters, Indra Chadbourn, Ramachandran Sivakumar, Rajesh Saksena, Jane Ketley-O'donel, Richard Needle, Elaine Chinery, Alison Wright, Sue Cook, Joseph Ngeh, Harald Proeschel, Paige Cook, Pauline Ashcroft, Simon Sharpe, Stephanie Jones, Damian Jenkinson, Deborah Kelly, Holly Bray, Gunaratnam Gunathilagan, Sally Jones, Sorrell Tilbey, Saidu Abubakar, Joseph Vassallo, Dee Leonard, Lucy Orrell, Aziz Hasan, Asif Khan, Sulmaaz Qamar, Susan Graham, Emma Hewitt, Jennifer Awolesi, Muhammad Haque, Alissa Kent, Elizabeth Bradshaw, Martin Cooper, Inez Wynter, Anoja Rajapakse, Joumana Janbieh, Abu M Nasar, Lynne Wade, Linda Otter, Steve Haigh, Jamie-Rae Burgoyne, Rebecca Boulton, Andrew Boulton, Rayessa Rayessa, Emma Clarkson, Horne Rhian, Amy Fleming, Kim Mitchelson, Vicki Lowthorpe, Ahmed Abdul-Hamid, Phil Jones, Claire Duggan, Abigail Hynes, Emma Nurse, Syed Abid Raza, Sarah Jones, Udaya Pallikona, Bleddyn Edwards, Geraint Morgan, Kirsty Dennett, Helen Tench, Ronda Loosley, Toby Trugeon-Smith, Rhian Jones, Richard Williams, Donna Robson, Sunanda Mavinamane, Sanjeevi Meenakshisundaram, Lalitha Ranga, Sharon Dealing, Andrew Hill, Margaret Hargreaves, Tom Smith, Julie Bate, Linda Harrison, Ramanathan Kirthivasan, Emma Cannon, Joanne Topliffe, Rebecca Keskeys, Sarah Williams, Fiona Mcneela, Frances Cairns, Thomas James, Amanda Lyle, Sheela Shah, George Zachariah, Lauren Fergey, Susan Smolen, Lucy Cooper, Elizabeth Bohannan, Siddiq Omer, Sageet Amlani, Nadia Hunter, Melissa Hawkes-Blackburn, Giosue Gulli, Alice Peacocke, Justine Amero, Maria Burova, Ottilia Speirs, Steph Levy, Lynda Francis, Susan Holland, Sean Brotheridge, Helen Lyon, Christine Hare, Samantha Jackson, Lorraine Stephenson, Samer Al Hussayni, James Featherstone, Agness Bwalya, Arun Singh, M N Goorah, Jamie Walford, Angela Bell, Christine Kelly, Darren Rusk, Deborah Sutton, Farzana Patel, Stephen Duberley, Kathryn Hayes, Lorraine Hunt, Ahmed El Nour, Sacha Honour, Chloe Box, Simon Dyer, Lynne Brown, Kerry Elliott, Emma Temlett, John Paterson, Rosie Furness, Shelli Young, Enoch Orugun, Chris Brewer, Sarah Thornthwaite, Hannah Crowther, Rachel Glover, Moe Sein, Kashif Haque, Elspeth Gibson, Sam Wong, Karen Rotchell, Karen Burton, Lisa Brookes, Linda Bailey, Chris Lindley, Abbi Murray, Karen Waltho, Maureen Holland, Pradeep Kumar, Purnima Harlekar, Laura Booth, Charlotte Culmsee, Jade Drew, Mohammad Khan, Nicola Mackenzie, Carmel Thomas, Jane Ritchie, James Barker, Michael Haley, Donna Cotterill, Lynne Lane, Christine Little, Dawn Simmons, Glenn Saunders, Harvey Dymond, Sarah Kidd, Rachel Warinton, Yara Neves-Silva, Branimir Nevajda, Michael Villaruel, Udayaraj Umasankar, Seema Patel, Anna Man, Natasha Christmas, Ravi Rangasamy, Richard Ladner, Georgina Butt, Wilson Alvares, Narasimha Gadi, Michael Power, Belinda Wroath, Kevin Dynan, David Wilson, Sarah Crothers, Catherine Leonard, Samantha Hagan, Geraldine Douris, Djamil Vahidassr, Alastair Thompson, Brian Gallen, Shirley Mckenna, Collette Edwards, Clare Mcgoldrick, Murdi Bhattad, Khalil Kawafi, Deborah Morse, Patricia Jacob, Lisa Turner, Narayanamoorti Saravanan, Linda Johnson, Sadie Humphrey, Robert Namushi, Ramesh Patel, Jemma Mclaughlin, Paul Omahony, Esther Osikominu, Chukwuka Orefo, Chisha Mcdonald, Esther Makanju, Tabindah Khan, Grace Appiatse, Helena Stone, Martia Augustin, Alicia Wardale, Maqsud Salehin, Duncan Bailey, Luciano Garcia-Alen, Latheef Kalathil, Sarah Tinsley, Taya Jones, Kelly Amor, Andrew Ritchings, Emma Margerum, Jane Horton, Richard Miller, Nireekshana Gautam, Julie Meir, Amaryl Jones, Janet Putteril, Mirella Lepore, Rachel Gallifent, Laura-Louise Arundell, Catherine Mcredmond, Alicia Goulding, Vivek Nadarajan, Julia Laurence, Su Fung Lo, Sabina Melander, Paul Nicholas, Elizabeth Woodford, Gillian Mckenzie, Vietland Le, Jacolene Crause, Robert Luder, Maneesh Bhargava, Girish Bhome, Venetia V Johnson, Dara Chesser, Hayley Bridger, Elodie Murali, Jon Scott, Susan Morrison, Amy Burns, Julie Graham, Madeline Duffy, Khalid Ali, Emma Pitcher, Jane Gaylard, Julie Newman, Sunil Punnoose, Sarah Besley, Kirtan Purohit, Amy Rees, Mark Davy, Osman Chohan, Muhammad Fozan Khan, Rachel Walker, Vicky Murray, Charlotte Bent, Susan Oakley, Cassilda Peixoto, Suzanne Jones, Gaybrielle Livingstone, Fiona Butler, Sally Bradfield, Laura Gordon, Jenneke Schmit, Anika Wijewardane, Tineke Edmunds, Rebecca Wills, Catherine Medcalf, Lucia Argandona, Larissa Cuenoud, Hanna Hassan, Esther Erumere, Aidan Ocallaghan, Patrick Gompertz, Ozlem Redjep, Grace Auld, Anna Song, Tillana Tarkas, Hashim Kabash, Rumbi Hungwe, University of St Andrews. Sir James Mackenzie Institute for Early Diagnosis, University of St Andrews. Population and Behavioural Science Division, and University of St Andrews. School of Medicine

Subjects
RM, medicine.medical_specialty, Neurology, Neurologi, NDAS, 030204 cardiovascular system & hematology, Placebo, Minimisation (clinical trials), Article, B700, law.invention, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Double-Blind Method, Randomized controlled trial, Modified Rankin Scale, law, Fluoxetine, Internal medicine, Humans, Medicine, 030212 general & internal medicine, R2C, Acute stroke, business.industry, ~DC~, General Medicine, Odds ratio, RM Therapeutics. Pharmacology, Stroke, RC Internal medicine, BDC, business, Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors, RC, medicine.drug
Abstract

Background: Results of small trials indicate that fluoxetine might improve functional outcomes after stroke. The FOCUS trial aimed to provide a precise estimate of these effects.Methods: FOCUS was a pragmatic, multicentre, parallel group, double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled trial done at 103 hospitals in the UK. Patients were eligible if they were aged 18 years or older, had a clinical stroke diagnosis, were enrolled and randomly assigned between 2 days and 15 days after onset, and had focal neurological deficits. Patients were randomly allocated fluoxetine 20 mg or matching placebo orally once daily for 6 months via a web-based system by use of a minimisation algorithm. The primary outcome was functional status, measured with the modified Rankin Scale (mRS), at 6 months. Patients, carers, health-care staff, and the trial team were masked to treatment allocation. Functional status was assessed at 6 months and 12 months after randomisation. Patients were analysed according to their treatment allocation. This trial is registered with the ISRCTN registry, number ISRCTN83290762.Findings: Between Sept 10, 2012, and March 31, 2017, 3127 patients were recruited. 1564 patients were allocated fluoxetine and 1563 allocated placebo. mRS data at 6 months were available for 1553 (99·3%) patients in each treatment group. The distribution across mRS categories at 6 months was similar in the fluoxetine and placebo groups (common odds ratio adjusted for minimisation variables 0·951 [95% CI 0·839–1·079]; p=0·439). Patients allocated fluoxetine were less likely than those allocated placebo to develop new depression by 6 months (210 [13·43%] patients vs 269 [17·21%]; difference 3·78% [95% CI 1·26–6·30]; p=0·0033), but they had more bone fractures (45 [2·88%] vs 23 [1·47%]; difference 1·41% [95% CI 0·38–2·43]; p=0·0070). There were no significant differences in any other event at 6 or 12 months.Interpretation: Fluoxetine 20 mg given daily for 6 months after acute stroke does not seem to improve functional outcomes. Although the treatment reduced the occurrence of depression, it increased the frequency of bone fractures. These results do not support the routine use of fluoxetine either for the prevention of post-stroke depression or to promote recovery of function.Funding: UK Stroke Association and NIHR Health Technology Assessment Programme.

Published
2019
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24. Hazy Days: Forest Fires and the Politics of Environmental Security in Indonesia

Author

Felix Heiduk and Scott Adam Edwards

Subjects
Environmental security, Sociology and Political Science, decentralization, political elite, Distribution (economics), Decentralization, Ökologie und Umwelt, forest, environmental damage, environmental policy, Economics, Ökologie, politische Elite, environmental crime, media_common, lcsh:Social sciences and state - Asia (Asian studies only), Ecology, prosecution, decentralisation, lcsh:International relations, Holzverarbeitung, Southeast Asia, Security Studies, Indonesian, Dezentralisation, lcsh:Political institutions and public administration - Asia (Asian studies only), Economy, language, Umweltkriminalität, Umweltpolitik, lcsh:JZ2-6530, Umweltschutz, environmental security, securitisation, lcsh:H53, media_common.quotation_subject, Political Science, 2000-2015, Ecology, Environment, lcsh:JQ1-6651, politische Macht, Power (social and political), Wald, Emission, lumber industry, Politics, Südostasien, Area Studies, Indonesien, political power, ddc:577, innere Sicherheit, environmental protection, Environmental crime, business.industry, language.human_language, haze, Indonesia, Political economy, Political Science and International Relations, Rhetoric, Strafverfolgung, Umweltschaden, business, domestic security
Abstract

The Indonesian 'haze' that engulfs Southeast Asia is a result of the burning of forests and has a detrimental effect on the health of millions of people. Indonesia is currently the third largest emitter of carbon dioxide in the world. In response to the dangers posed by forest fires to national and global environmental security, the then Indonesian president publicly declared a 'war on haze' in 2006 and called for the use of all necessary measures to stop the deliberate setting of fires. Although his strong 'securitising' rhetoric received much public support, it is yet to produce results. The Indonesian authorities have had little success in preventing fires or prosecuting the culprits. Indonesia thus appears to be a null case - that is, a case of an unsuccessful securitisation. We argue that this unsuccessful securitisation needs to be understood against the backdrop of Indonesia's vast decentralisation process, which resulted in certain powers being devolved from Jakarta to the provinces. We find that it is the ability of local and regional elites (often entrenched in patronage networks with plantation owners) to curtail environmental policies which explains the continuation of forest fires. With regard to securitisation theory, our findings suggest that securitising moves and audience acceptance do not necessarily lead to the successful implementation of emergency measures. It appears that there are intermediate factors - in our case mainly linked to the nature of and the distribution of power within the political regime - that impact on the success of securitisation processes. (author's abstract)

Published
2015

25. Policing European Metropolises : The Politics of Security in City-Regions

Author

Elke Devroe, Adam Edwards, Paul Ponsaers, Elke Devroe, Adam Edwards, and Paul Ponsaers

Subjects
Police--Europe--Case studies, Metropolitan areas--Europe--Case studies
Abstract

Understanding the politics of security in city-regions is increasingly important for the study of contemporary policing. This book argues that national and international governing arrangements are being outflanked by various transnational threats, including the cross-border terrorism of the attacks on Paris in 2015 and Brussels in 2016; trafficking in people, narcotics and armaments; cybercrime; the deregulation of global financial services; and environmental crime. Metropolises are the focal points of the transnational networks through which policing problems are exported and imported across national borders, as they provide much of the demand for illicit markets and are the principal engines generating other policing challenges including political protest and civil unrest. This edited collection examines whether and how governing arrangements rooted in older systems of national sovereignty are adapting to these transnational challenges, and considers problems of and for policing in city-regions in the European Union and its single market. Bringing together experts from across the continent, Policing European Metropolises develops a sociology of urban policing in Europe and a unique methodology for comparing the experiences of different metropolises in the same country. This book will be of value to police researchers in Europe and abroad, as well as postgraduate students with an interest in policing and urban policy.

Published
2017

26. Britain

Author

Adam Edwards, Sophie Chambers, Nick Fyfe, and Alistair Henry

Published
2017
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27. Pit Latrine Fecal Sludge Resistance Using a Dynamic Cone Penetrometer in Low Income Areas in Mzuzu City, Malawi

Author

Holm, Charles Chirwa, Ralph Hall, Leigh-Anne Krometis, Eric Vance, Adam Edwards, Ting Guan, and Rochelle

Subjects
developing countries, fecal sludge management, peri-urban, sanitation
Abstract

Pit latrines can provide improved household sanitation, but without effective and inexpensive emptying options, they are often abandoned once full and may pose a public health threat. Emptying techniques can be difficult, as the sludge contents of each pit latrine are different. The design of effective emptying techniques (e.g., pumps) is limited by a lack of data characterizing typical in situ latrine sludge resistance. This investigation aimed to better understand the community education and technical engineering needs necessary to improve pit latrine management. In low income areas within Mzuzu city, Malawi, 300 pit latrines from three distinct areas were assessed using a dynamic cone penetrometer to quantify fecal sludge strength, and household members were surveyed to determine their knowledge of desludging procedures and practices likely to impact fecal sludge characteristics. The results demonstrate that there is a significant difference in sludge strength between lined and unlined pits within a defined area, though sludge hardened with depth, regardless of the pit type or region. There was only limited association between cone penetration depth and household survey data. To promote the adoption of pit emptying, it is recommended that households be provided with information that supports pit emptying, such as latrine construction designs, local pit emptying options, and cost. This study indicates that the use of a penetrometer test in the field prior to pit latrine emptying may facilitate the selection of appropriate pit emptying technology.

Published
2017
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28. Minimising the ohmic resistance of an alkaline electrolysis cell through effective cell design

Author

Bertrand Rome, Charles W. Dunnill, Adam Edwards, Daniel R. Jones, and Robert Phillips

Subjects
Standard cell, Electrolysis, Materials science, Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment, Electrolytic cell, business.industry, Analytical chemistry, Energy Engineering and Power Technology, 02 engineering and technology, 010402 general chemistry, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Condensed Matter Physics, 01 natural sciences, Energy storage, 0104 chemical sciences, law.invention, Dielectric spectroscopy, Fuel Technology, law, Electrode, Optoelectronics, 0210 nano-technology, business, Current density, Polymer electrolyte membrane electrolysis
Abstract

The efficiency of an alkaline electrolysis cell depends strongly on its internal cell resistance, which becomes the dominant efficiency driver at high current densities. This paper uses Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy to decouple the ohmic resistance from the cell voltage, and, for the first time, quantify the reduction in cell resistance achieved by employing a zero gap cell configuration when compared to the conventional approach. A 30% reduction in ohmic resistance is demonstrated for the zero gap cell when compared to a more conventional design with a 2 mm electrode gap (in 1 M NaOH and at standard conditions). The effect on the ohmic resistance of operating parameters, including current density and temperature, is quantified; the zero gap cell outperforms the standard cell at all current densities, particularly above 500 mA·cm −2 Furthermore, the effect of electrode morphology on the ohmic resistance is investigated, showing that high surface area foam electrodes permit a lower ohmic resistance than coarser mesh electrodes. These results show that zero gap cell design will allow both low cost and highly efficient alkaline electrolysis, which will become a key technology for short term and inter-seasonal energy storage and accelerate the transition towards a decarbonised society.

Published
2017

30. Relational learning helps in three-way classification of Alzheimer patients from structural magnetic resonance images of the brain

Author

Kristian Kersting, Baidya Nath Saha, Elizabeth M. Davenport, Tushar Khot, Sriraam Natarajan, Christopher T. Whitlow, Adam Edwards, Saket Joshi, Joseph A. Maldjian, and Publica

Subjects
Feature engineering, medicine.diagnostic_test, Computer science, business.industry, Pipeline (computing), Statistical relational learning, Magnetic resonance imaging, Machine learning, computer.software_genre, Ensemble learning, Neuroimaging, Artificial Intelligence, Pattern recognition (psychology), medicine, Segmentation, Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, Artificial intelligence, business, computer, Software
Abstract

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has emerged as an important tool to identify intermediate biomarkers of Alzheimer's disease (AD) due to its ability to measure regional changes in the brain that are thought to reflect disease severity and progression. In this paper, we set out a novel pipeline that uses volumetric MRI data collected from different subjects as input and classifies them into one of three classes: AD, mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and cognitively normal (CN). Our pipeline consists of three stages-(1) a segmentation layer where brain MRI data is divided into clinically relevant regions; (2) a classification layer that uses relational learning algorithms to make pairwise predictions between the three classes; and (3) a combination layer that combines the results of the different classes to obtain the final classification. One of the key features of our proposed approach is that it allows for domain expert's knowledge to guide the learning in all the layers. We evaluate our pipeline on 397 patients acquired from the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative and demonstrate that it obtains state-of-the-art performance with minimal feature engineering.

Published
2013
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31. Fortalecimento dos músculos estabilizadores da escápula e qualidade de vida de indivíduos com hemiparesia

Author

Thiago de Arruda Teixeira Lopes, Aline Souza, Daniela Matos Garcia Oliveira, Edênia Santos Garcia Oliveira, Geraldo Fabiano de Souza Moraes, S. Pereira, Célia Maria Rocha e Paiva, Lucas R. Nascimento, and Adam Edwards Glória

Subjects
Force generation, medicine.medical_specialty, Rehabilitation, lcsh:Diseases of the musculoskeletal system, business.industry, medicine.medical_treatment, Minimal clinically important difference, General Medicine, medicine.disease, Physical strength, humanities, Hemiparesis, Physical medicine and rehabilitation, Quality of life, medicine, medicine.symptom, lcsh:RC925-935, lcsh:Sports medicine, business, lcsh:RC1200-1245, Stroke, Training period
Abstract

Introdução: A fraqueza muscular é descrita como diretamente responsável pelo comprometimento da função de membros superiores e da qualidade de vida (QV) após AVE, justificando o treinamento resistido em programas de reabilitação. Objetivo: Avaliar os efeitos de um programa de fortalecimento muscular progressivo na capacidade de gerar força e na QV de indivíduos com hemiparesia. Método: Realizou-se um estudo quase-experimental em voluntários com AVE, submetidos a 13 semanas de fortalecimento dos músculos estabilizadores da escápula. O efeito do treinamento na força muscular foi determinado pela variação na capacidade de gerar força e a QV foi avaliada pelo SF-36. Foram consideradas estatísticas descritiva, visual e variação mínima clinicamente significante (VMCS). Resultados/Conclusões: Observou-se melhora na capacidade de gerar força após o treinamento. Todos os domínios relacionados à QV apresentaram melhora após o período de intervenção, embora alguns não tenham atingido a VMCS. Os resultados demonstraram efeitos positivos em força e QV dos participantes.

Published
2011

32. A influência do fortalecimento muscular no desempenho motor do membro superior parético de indivíduos acometidos por acidente vascular encefálico

Author

Geraldo Fabiano de Souza Moraes, Lucas Rodrigues Nascimento, Adam Edwards Glória, Luci Fuscaldi Teixeira-Salmela, Célia Maria Rocha e Paiva, Thiago de Arruda Teixeira Lopes, Shelley Caroline Pereira, Daniela Matos Garcia de Oliveira, Aline Cristina de Souza, and Edênia Santos Garcia de Oliveira

Subjects
General Medicine
Abstract

Após o acidente vascular encefálico, mais de 80% dos sobreviventes apresentam hemiparesia e a fraqueza muscular é citada como uma importante deficiência responsável pela redução do uso funcional do membro superior parético. Nesse contexto, evidências científicas sugerem o treinamento resistido como um importante componente dos programas de reabilitação. Estudos relacionados à recuperação destes indivíduos apresentam fundamentação que apóia a utilização do treinamento resistido para a recuperação da função do membro superior parético. Entretanto, esta modalidade de treinamento pode não resultar em benefícios para todos os indivíduos hemiparéticos e seus efeitos estariam condicionados ao nível de acometimento inicial do indivíduo. Ainda não há resultados conclusivos sobre a influência do fortalecimento muscular no desempenho motor do membro superior parético, o que sugere a aplicação do treinamento resistido como intervenção terapêutica complementar à reabilitação funcional. O objetivo deste estudo foi analisar, por meio de revisão bibliográfica, a influência do fortalecimento muscular no desempenho motor dos membros superiores de indivíduos.

Published
2008
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34. Editorial

Author

Adam Edwards and Gordon Hughes

Subjects
Sociology and Political Science, 050901 criminology, 05 social sciences, 0501 psychology and cognitive sciences, 0509 other social sciences, Law, 050104 developmental & child psychology, Pathology and Forensic Medicine
Published
2005
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37. Policing European metropolises

Author

Paul Ponsaers, Adam Edwards, Antoinette Verhage, Amadeu Recasens i Brunet, Ponsaers, Paul, Edwards, Adam, Recasens i Brunet, Amadeu, and Verhage, Antoinette

Subjects
Social Sciences
Published
2014

38. Heritage IV: new system installation at Central School of Speech and Drama

Author

J. Adam Edwards

Subjects
World Wide Web, Chose, Inheritance (object-oriented programming), Upgrade, Library classification, Sociology, Library and Information Sciences, Space (commercial competition), Computer Science Applications, Visual arts, Drama
Abstract

Central School of Speech and Drama is an HEFCE funded specialist theatre college in north London. The move to a new library in the summer of 1997 gave us the space and the network to upgrade from our old CAIRS system. The article describes how we chose Inheritance Systems Heritage IV and some of the useful facilities the system offers.

Published
1999
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39. Crime Prevention Policies in Comparative Perspective

Author

Adam Crawford, Adam Edwards, and Klara Kerezsi

Subjects
Politics, Promotion (rank), Crime prevention, Political science, media_common.quotation_subject, Authoritarianism, Cultural criminology, Context (language use), Public administration, Situational ethics, Criminology, Modernization theory, media_common
Abstract

Introduction: The preventive turn in Europe 1. Situating crime prevention policies in comparative perspective: policy travels, transfer and translation, Adam Crawford 2. The political evolution of situational crime prevention in England and Wales, Tim Hope 3. The preventative turn and the promotion of safer communities in England and Wales: Political inventiveness and governmental instabilities Adam Edwards and Gordon Hughes 4. The development of community safety in Scotland: a different path? Alistair Henry 5. The evolving story of crime prevention in France, Anne Wyvekens 6. Forty years of crime prevention in the Dutch polder Jan van Dijk and Jaap de Waard 7. 'Modernisation' of institutions of social and penal control in Europe: the 'new' crime prevention, Dario Melossi and Rossella Selmini 8. Crime prevention at the Belgian federal level: from a social democratic policy to a neo-liberal and authoritarian policy in a social democratic context, Patrick Hebberecht 9. Going around in circles? Reflections on crime prevention strategies in Germany, Michael Jasch 10. Crime Prevention in Hungary: why is it so hard to argue for the necessity of a community approach? Klara Kerezsi 11. International models of crime prevention, Margaret Shaw

Published
2013
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41. A Machine Learning Pipeline for Three-Way Classification of Alzheimer Patients from Structural Magnetic Resonance Images of the Brain

Author

Adam Edwards, Saket Joshi, Kristian Kersting, Elizabeth Moody, Tushar Khot, Christopher T. Whitlow, Baidya Nath Saha, Sriraam Natarajan, and Joseph A. Maldjian

Subjects
Feature engineering, medicine.diagnostic_test, Contextual image classification, business.industry, Computer science, Pipeline (computing), Magnetic resonance imaging, Image segmentation, Disease, Machine learning, computer.software_genre, Neuroimaging, Disease severity, medicine, Medical imaging, Biomarker (medicine), Segmentation, Artificial intelligence, business, Cognitive impairment, computer
Abstract

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has emerged as an important tool to identify intermediate biomarkers of Alzheimer's disease (AD) due to its ability to measure regional changes in the brain that are thought to reflect disease severity and progression. In this paper, we set out a novel pipeline that uses volumetric MRI data collected from different subjects as input and classifies them into one of three classes: AD, mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and cognitively normal (CN). Our pipeline consists of three stages -- (1) a segmentation layer where brain MRI data is divided into clinically relevant regions, (2) a classification layer that uses relational learning algorithms to make pair wise predictions between the three classes, and (3)a combination layer that combines the results of the different classes to obtain the final classification. One of the key features of our proposed approach is that it allows for domain expert's knowledge to guide the learning in all the layers. We evaluate our pipeline on 397 patients acquired from the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative and demonstrate that it obtains state-of the-art performance with minimal feature engineering.

Published
2012
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42. Transnational and Comparative Criminology

Author

Paul Norman and Adam Edwards

Subjects
Policy development, geography, Summit, geography.geographical_feature_category, Action (philosophy), Member states, Corporate governance, Law, Political science, Political economy, Rhetorical question, Institution building, Economic Justice
Abstract

The elevation of counter-terrorism to the status of a ‘major policy objective’ of the EU was a seminal event in the development of European institutions of governance. September 11th launched the EU and its Member States into a significant programme of criminal police and judicial policy development, operational action and institution building. The speed and cross-pillar breadth of the EU’s response following the attacks was remarkable, especially given the discontinuous pattern of crises and institutional inertia that had previously characterised EU Justice and Home Affairs (JHA) co-operation. However, despite the rhetorical reference to September 11th, many of these measures were already on the table, having been set out at a European Council summit in Tampere in 1999. This raises questions about whether or not the EU’s response to September 11th is yet another indicator of an already established pattern of discontinuous development, or a genuinely enhanced governmental capacity to act against transnational crime affecting the EU. Such questions are crucial at the present juncture, as the EU expands to include 25 Member States.

Published
2012
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43. Hemoglobin A1C Level Less Than 6.5% Is Associated With Severe Hypoglycemia In Critically Ill Patients Treated With Insulin

Author

Anita Szerszen, Karen Vassell, Adam Edwards, Jeffrey Rothman, Mario R. Castellanos, Jennifer M. Ross, Kathleen Ahern, Norbert Shtaynberg, Francois Abi-Fadel, Theodore Maniatis, and Emma Bagon

Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty, Critically ill, business.industry, Insulin, medicine.medical_treatment, medicine, Hemoglobin, business, Intensive care medicine, Severe hypoglycemia
Published
2010
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44. A STEMI code protocol improves door-to-balloon time on weekdays and weekends

Author

Duccio Baldari, Nidal Abi Rafeh, Suzanne El-Sayegh, Georges Khoueiry, Thomas Costantino, Dina Abi-Fadel, Adam Edwards, Basem Azab, James V. Malpeso, Brahim Ardolic, and Robert V Wetz

Subjects
CODE protocol, Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Standard of care, Time Factors, medicine.medical_treatment, education, Myocardial Infarction, Balloon, Efficiency, Organizational, Clinical Protocols, Angioplasty, Medicine, Humans, cardiovascular diseases, Angioplasty, Balloon, Coronary, Aged, Retrospective Studies, business.industry, Health Policy, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, Percutaneous coronary intervention, Retrospective cohort study, Middle Aged, medicine.disease, surgical procedures, operative, Conventional PCI, Emergency medicine, Door-to-balloon, Female, Medical emergency, business, Emergency Service, Hospital
Abstract

Primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) has emerged as the standard of care for the management of ST-elevation myocardial infarctions (STEMI). Only 32% of patients with STEMI receive this procedure within the recommended 90 min for door-to-balloon time (DTB). We reviewed all STEMI cases that presented to our institution before and after the implementation of a STEMI Code protocol. Before the STEMI Code protocol, 27.1% of weekday cases and 6.3% of weekend cases were performed within 90 min. After the STEMI Code protocol, there was a threefold increase in the number of patients who received PCI within 90 min (p

Published
2009

46. Transnational Organised Crime

Author

Peter Gill, Adam Edwards, and Paul Ekblom

Subjects
Politics, Sex trafficking, Law, media_common.quotation_subject, Political science, Cultural criminology, Law enforcement, Doctrine, International security, Organised crime, Criminology, Global governance, media_common
Abstract

Part 1: Origins of the Concept 1. Transnational Organised Crime: The Global Reach of an American Concept 2. Europe's Response to Transnational Organised Crime 3. Global Law Enforcement as a Protection Racket: Some Sceptical Notes on Transnational Organised Crime as an Object of Global Governance Part 2: Measurements and Interpretations 4. Measuring Transnational Organised Crime: An Empirical Study of Existing Data Sets on TOC with Particular Reference to Intergovernmental Organisations 5. Classify, Report and Measure: The UK Organised Crime Notification Scheme 6. The Network Paradigm Applied to Criminal Organisations: Theoretical Nit-picking or a Relevant Doctrine for Investigators? Recent Developments in the Netherlands 7. Transnational Organised Crime: A Police Perspective Part 3: Case Studies 8. Bad Boys in the Baltics 9. Controlling Drug Trafficking in Central Europe: The Impact of EU Policies in the Czech Republic, Hungary and Lithuania 10. Recognising Organised Crime's Victims: The Case of Sex Trafficking in the EU Part 4: Current and Prospective Responses 11. The Legal Regulation of Transnational Organised Crime: Opportunites and Limitations 12. Countering the Chameleon Threat of Dirty Money: 'Hard' and 'Soft' Law in the Emergence of a Global Anti-money Laundering Regime 13. Criminal Asset Stripping: Confiscating the Proceeds of Crime in England and Wales 14. Proteiform Criminalities: the Formation of Organised Crime as Organisers' Responses to Developments in Four Fields of Control 15. Organised Crime and the 'Conjunction of Criminal Opportunity' Framework 16. After Transnational Organised Crime? The Politics of Public Safety

Published
2004
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47. IPA Touchpoints Survey

Author

Swann Adam, Edwards Paul and Marshall Jim and Swann Adam, Edwards Paul and Marshall Jim

Published
2006

50. Fortalecimento dos músculos estabilizadores da escápula e qualidade de vida de indivíduos com hemiparesia

Author

Moraes, Geraldo Fabiano De Souza, primary, Nascimento, Lucas Rodrigues, additional, Glória, Adam Edwards, additional, Paiva, Célia Maria Rocha e, additional, Lopes, Thiago De Arruda Teixeira, additional, Pereira, Shelley Caroline, additional, Souza, Aline Cristina de, additional, Oliveira, Edênia Santos Garcia, additional, and Oliveira, Daniela Matos Garcia, additional

Published
2011
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