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On April 6, 2018, the Humboldt Broncos junior hockey team was traveling to a playoff game on a rural highway when their bus collided with a semitrailer truck, killing 16 people. The crash led to an unparalleled, nation-wide outpouring of mourning. The legacy of the crash has been sustained by media outlets such as The Sports Network, who released a documentary on the crash, 29 Forever. Through an affective reading of 29 Forever, this paper explores the processes by which the Humboldt bus crash came to be known and felt as a national tragedy, how the crash fits within larger practices of Canadian nation-making, and the role that hockey, emotion, and feelings play in these processes.

1. Climate change is expected to increase wildfire activity in boreal ecosystems, thus threatening the carbon stocks of these forests, which are currently the largest terrestrial carbon sink in the world. Describing the ecological processes involved in fire regimes in terms of frequency, size, type (surface vs. crown) and severity (biomass burned) would allow better anticipation of the impact of climate change on these forests. In Fennoscandia, this objective is currently difficult to achieve due to the lack of knowledge of long-term (centuries to millennia) relationships between climate, fire and vegetation.2. We investigated the causes and consequences of changes in fire regimes during the Holocene (last similar to 11,000 years) on vegetation trajectories in the boreal forest of northern Finland. We reconstructed fire histories from sedimentary charcoal at three sites, as well as vegetation dynamics from pollen, moisture changes from Sphagnum spore abundance at two sites, and complemented these analyses with published regional chironomid-inferred July temperature reconstructions.3. Low-frequency, large fires were recorded during the warm and dry mid-Holocene period (8500-4500 cal. year BP), whereas high-frequency, small fires were more characteristic of the cool and wet Neoglacial period (4500 cal. year BP onward). A higher proportion of charcoal particles with a woody aspect-characterizing crown fires-was recorded at one of the two sites at times of significant climatic and vegetational changes, when the abundance of Picea abies was higher.4. Synthesis. Our results show both a direct and an indirect effect of climate on fire regimes in northern Fennoscandia. Warm and dry periods are conducive to large surface fires, whereas cool and moist periods are associated with small fires, either crown or surface. Climate-induced shifts in forest composition also affect fire regimes. Climatic instability can alter vegetation composition and structure and lead to fuel accumulation favouring stand-replacing crown fires. Considering the ongoing climate warming and the projected increase in extreme climatic events, Fennoscandian forests could experience a return to a regime of large surface fires, but stand-replacing crown fires will likely remain a key ecosystem process in areas affected by climatic and/or vegetational instability.

This study was designed to collect some information about the sorghum stemborer in the Nuba Mountains, South Kordofan State. It was carried out during 2005/06and 2006/07 season, to determine the population dynamics and the alternative host plantsof the stem borer. Light trap was used for adult trapping, and a survey was carried out forhost plants. The number of adults was low at the beginning of the season (June),gradually increased towards the end of the season (October) and the borer disappearedby the end of November. Night activity of the adults was low at 7:00 pm and increasedgradually towards 10:00 pm. The highest infestation by stem borer (76%) was recordedon sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L.) followed by Sorghum arundinceum (adar) (63%),maize, Zea mays (50%) and pearl millet (33%)

Long-term disturbance histories, reconstructed using diverse paleoecological tools, provide high-quality information about pre-observational periods. These data offer a portrait of past environmental variability for understanding the long-term patterns in climate and disturbance regimes and the forest ecosystem response to these changes. Paleoenvironmental records also provide a longer-term context against which current anthropogenic-related environmental changes can be evaluated. Records of the long-term interactions between disturbances, vegetation, and climate help guide forest management practices that aim to mirror “natural” disturbance regimes. In this chapter, we outline how paleoecologists obtain these long-term data sets and extract paleoenvironmental information from a range of sources. We demonstrate how the reconstruction of key disturbances in the boreal forest, such as fire and insect outbreaks, provides critical long-term views of disturbance-climate-vegetation interactions. Recent developments of novel proxies are highlighted to illustrate advances in reconstructing millennial-scale disturbance-related dynamics and how this new information benefits the sustainable management of boreal forests in a rapidly changing climate.

In April 2016, TSN (The Sports Network), one of Canada’s most prominent broadcasting stations, aired a documentary miniseries,Radical Play, that describes how European organizations are “harnessing sport to prevent isolated Muslim youth from joining extremist groups.” The documentary focuses on Younes, a 17-year-old refugee in Hamburg, Germany, who has been recruited to participate in a deradicalization program run through a local boxing gym. This article offers a contextualized reading ofRadical Playthat explores how the problem of radicalization is constructed in the Canadian context, how sport is positioned in relation to deradicalization projects, and how deeply held beliefs about Muslim boys and men are communicated to Canadians through sporting discourses.

Sulfur mustard (SM) is a harmful warfare agent that poses a serious threat to human health and the environment. Thus, the design of porous materials capable of sensing and/or capturing SM is of utmost importance. In this paper, the interactions of SM and its derivatives with ethylpillar[5]arene (EtP[5]) and the interactions between SM and a variety of host macrocycles were investigated through molecular docking calculations and non-covalent interaction (NCI) analysis. The electronic quantum parameters were computed to assess the chemical sensing properties of the studied hosts toward SM. It was found that dispersion interactions contributed significantly to the overall complexation energy, leading to the stabilization of the investigated systems. DFT energy computations showed that SM was more efficiently complexed with DCMP[5] than the other hosts studied here. Furthermore, the studied macrocyclic containers could be used as host-based chemical sensors or receptors for SM. These findings could motivate experimenters to design efficient sensing and capturing materials for the detection of SM and its derivatives.

Background: Acute appendicitis is a global disease that is usually caused by luminal obstruction with fecoliths. Aim: The aim of this study is to estimate the incidence of unusual findings in appendectomy specimens that can affect patient’s morbidity and mortality. Methods and Material: This is a retrospective study of 340 appendectomies that were preformed from January 2018 to December 2019 at King Hamad University Hospital (KHUH). Histopathological reports were reviewed and final diagnosis, age and gender were recorded. Results: Of the 340 appendectomy specimens, acute appendicitis was the most prevalent finding 62.64% (and showed significant correlation with both genders P value

At the end of the last glacial period in the northern hemisphere, meltwater from receding ice sheets accumulated into large proglacial lakes, potentially limiting postglacial afforestation. We explored whether former islands of proglacial Lake Ojibway (Canada) (hilltops in the current landscape) could have acted as migration outposts and thus accelerated the postglacial migration. We extracted sediments from two small lakes located on “paleo-islands” and used XRF to detect changes in soil erosion and vegetation biomass. We also used plant macro-remains and wood charcoal to determine if (and which) tree species colonized the sites and to detect local fire events. Organic sediment accumulation started around 9657 and 9947 cal. yr BP at Lakes Perché and Despériers, respectively, before the level of Lake Ojibway started to decrease and liberate parts of the studied landscape ca 9400 cal. yr BP. Lithogenic elements (Ti, K, Sr, Fe, Zr, and Rb) decreased between the beginning of organic sediment accumulation and 8800–8700 cal. yr BP, indicating reduced soil erosion, possibly due to soil stabilization by vegetation. Then, the S/Ti ratio, a proxy of organic matter increased around 8800 and 8400 cal. yr BP. The earliest tree macro-remains ( Larix laricina and Pinus spp.) were found between 9850 and 9500 cal. yr BP. Local fires were detected around 9820 and 8362 cal. yr BP. Early afforestation occurred on the islands of Lake Ojibway, 200 and 450 years before its level started to decrease, confirming that some islands acted as migratory outposts accelerating postglacial migration.

Boreal vegetation is influenced by multiple factors such as climate and fire, but interactions between long- and short-term effects of climate upon fire activity are complex and remain poorly studied, especially in Eurasia. To understand the relationships between climate, fire and vegetation in Eurasia, we reconstruct the climate changes during the Holocene for the western section of the Northern Urals region, in the southern part of the Republic of Komi. We relate these temperature reconstructions to pollen and charcoal records from the same region (Yaksha site, Republic of Komi, Russia). We use here a combined approach based on pollen and molecular biomarkers (branched Glycerol Dialkyl Glycerol Tetraethers or brGDGTs) to provide independent estimates of past temperatures. Our objectives were: (1) to understand the relationships between climate, fire, vegetation and human activity during the Holocene at the local scale of Yaksha and (2) to provide a robust regional-scale climatic reconstruction of the southern part of the Republic of Komi. Our study shows that climate had a major influence on the regional vegetation between 10,000 and 4000 cal Yr BP. Subsequently, fire activity had a joint and growing impact on vegetation dynamics between 4000 and 600 cal Yr BP. Finally, from 600 until the present (2016 CE), human presence and activities had a greater impact on the fire regime and vegetation than earlier in time, and combined with climate to influence the dynamics of the boreal forest. At the regional scale of the Republic of Komi and the local scale of Yaksha, the Holocene Thermal Maximum was detected between 6800 and 4000 cal Yr BP, using pollen-based temperature estimates but at 4000 cal Yr BP using brGDGT calibrations applied from the literature. These results are consistent with evidence from neighboring regions in the Eurasian boreal biome which were studied for different proxies (pollen, chironomids), and also with reference to climate models (General Circulation Models).

The focus of this paper is an evaluation of a recreation project partnership between a co-curricular university department and various youth community programs in downtown Toronto, Canada. The goal of the Hart House Youth Community Recreation Project (YCRP) is to build a bridge between the university and its neighboring communities through recreation, arts, and dialogue-based programming that responds to the needs and interests of community partners and their youth members. Informed by the understanding that university/community partnerships are often paradoxical, the study assessed understandings of the program from the perspectives of the stakeholders involved. To do so, semi-structured interviews were conducted with the following two groups: organizers and leaders from the youth community programs, and staff members coordinating the project from the co-curricular university department. The results indicate that meaningful opportunities can be created within such partnerships through the provision of access to unique resources and recreation spaces; inclusion of partners in planning and program delivery; and through forging meaningful relationships between university staff and the program participants. However, significant challenges to creating and sustaining such opportunities also exist, including structural and social inequities that result in participants feeling othered in program settings; the instability and “delicacy” of trust within partnerships; and funding structure and resources. The findings shed light on, and make recommendations about, the potential benefits that youth organizations might gain from participating in university-community recreation partnerships, as well as the paradoxical nature of delivering and maintaining these partnerships.

The functioning of the boreal forests of Russia is still little documented and little understood. It is governed by complex mechanisms that link climate, vegetation and disturbances, such as fires or human impact.In this presentation, we aim to provide robust reconstructions of the Holocene climate (temperatures and precipitation) of the Vychegda River basin in the Republic of Komi region, based on two different proxies: pollen assemblages and GDGTs (Glycerol Dialkyl Glycerol Tetraethers). This first study of GDGTs in this area corresponds to a preliminary step for the calibration of this proxy in peats. Higher temperatures and precipitation are recorded between 7000 and 4000 cal. yr BP (mean annual temperatures around 3°C and precipitation between 600 and 700 mm per year). This climatic optimum is in agreement with previous pollen-based climate reconstructions, and climate patterns in the neighboring Russian and Fennoscandia (Komi Republic - previous study-, Arctic Russia, Siberia and Northern Europe, Andreev and Klimanov, 2000; Golubeva, 2008; Seppä et al., 2009a). These results, in conjunction with the reconstruction of fire activity and vegetation dynamics in this region, led to a better understanding of the crossed influences of these factors. In particular, vegetation is mainly controlled by climate during the first part of the Holocene, while a threshold is reached on in fire frequency after 3500 cal. yr BP and this parameter has a greater impact on vegetation than climate. Over the past 600 years, the intensification of human activities led to overexploitation of the forest and an increase in its fire activity.

At the beginning of the Holocene, the Laurentide Ice Sheet was progressively melting and liberating Canadian landscapes. Proglacial Lake Ojibway formed at the contact of the glacier and covered western Québec and eastern Ontario for approximately 2000 years before flushing into James Bay around 8,200 years ago. Lake Ojibway could have limited the afforestation of newly liberated landscapes but could have also provided migratory outposts on its islands. Indeed, several islands were present on Lake Ojibway which could have been colonized by forests before the drainage of lake Ojibway. We studied lake sediments from a small lake located on a paleo-island of Lake Ojibway in Aiguebelle National Park, in order to test the outpost hypothesis. Radiocarbon dating, XRF analysis and charcoal analysis reveal that organic matter (gyttja) started to accumulate around 9,626 years before today (i.e., 1400 years before Lake Ojibway retreat). The signatures of Ca, Sr and Si indicate that soil erosion declined between 9500 and 9000 years before present, meaning this paleo-island was probably colonized during this interval as vegetation stabilizes the soils. Moreover, K (an indicator of vegetation extension) also suggests that afforestation occurred around 9,250 years before present. Macroscopic charcoal particles reveal that one local fire likely occurred 9239 years before present. Burned conifer needle fragments were found among the fossil charcoals, lending support to the hypothesis of wildfire occurrence. All the studied indicators suggest paleo-island colonization around 9,250 years before present, more than 1,000 years before Lake Ojibway retreat.

The organic synthetic dyes employed in industries are carcinogenic and harmful. Dyes must be removed from wastewater to limit or eliminate their presence before dumping into the natural environment. The current study aims to investigate the use of MgO nanoparticles to eliminate basic fuchsine (BF), as a model cationic dye pollutant, from wastewater. The MgO nanorods were synthesized through a coprecipitation method. The obtained nanocomposite was characterized using various techniques such as X-ray diffraction (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET), and FTIR spectroscopy. It was found that the variation of dye concentration and pH influenced the removal of BF by MgO. The adsorption capacity of 493.90 mg/g is achieved under optimum operating conditions (pH = 11, contact time = 236 min, and initial BF concentration = 200 ppm). Pseudo-second-order adsorption kinetics and Freundlich isotherm models best fitted BF sorption onto MgO nanorods. The BF sorption mechanism is associated with the electrostatic attractions and hydrogen bond between the O–H group of MgO and the NH2 groups of BF, as indicated by the pH, isotherms, and FTIR studies. The reusability study indicates that MgO was effectively used to eliminate BF in at least four continuous cycles. The investigation of MgO with different dyes suggests the high adsorption selectivity of BF, crystal violet (CV), and malachite green (MG) dyes compared with methyl orange (MO) dye. Overall, MgO nanorods can act as a potential and promising adsorbent for the efficient and rapid removal of cationic dyes (CV, MG, and BF) from wastewater.

Aims Gender bias and sexual discrimination (GBSD) have been widely recognized across a range of fields and are now part of the wider social consciousness. Such conduct can occur in the medical workplace, with detrimental effects on recipients. The aim of this review was to identify the prevalence and impact of GBSD in orthopaedic surgery, and to investigate interventions countering such behaviours. Methods A systematic review was conducted by searching Medline, EMCARE, CINAHL, PsycINFO, and the Cochrane Library Database in April 2020, and Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines to which we adhered. Original research papers pertaining to the prevalence and impact of GBSD, or mitigating strategies, within orthopaedics were included for review. Results Of 570 papers, 27 were eligible for inclusion. These were published between 1998 and 2020. A narrative review was performed in light of the significant heterogeneity displayed by the eligible studies. A total of 13 papers discussed the prevalence of GBSD, while 13 related to the impact of these behaviours, and six discussed mitigating strategies. GBSD was found to be common in the orthopaedic workplace, with all sources showing women to be the subjects. The impact of this includes poor workforce representation, lower salaries, and less career success, including in academia, for women in orthopaedics. Mitigating strategies in the literature are focused on providing female role models, mentors, and educational interventions. Conclusion GBSD is common in orthopaedic surgery, with a substantial impact on sufferers. A small number of mitigating strategies have been tested but these are limited in their scope. As such, the orthopaedic community is obliged to participate in more thoughtful and proactive strategies that mitigate against GBSD, by improving female recruitment and retention within the specialty. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2020;102-B(11):1446–1456.