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Globally, the transport sector has been directed towards electric mobility by policies, regulations, development strategies and economic incentives. The transport sector has an important strategic role in the economic development of a country, the sustainability of this sector has an impact on political and scientific discussions due to its environmental impact. In Colombia, the global targets for reducing polluting emissions begin to drive the renewal of the automotive park towards electric mobility, therefore, this research was carried out with the aim of carrying out a technical and economic analysis of scenarios for the e-taxis in Bucaramanga, the incentives applied in the two projects developed in the two most important cities of Colombia were taken as the basis to compare possible implementation scenarios in the short and medium term. Three technologies (gasoline, gas and electric) were evaluated that were tested using the TAC/km indicator, the financial viability was assessed based on two financial kindness criteria (NPV and IRR). The results obtained allow to conclude two strategies that make it possible to incorporate the e-taxis in Bucaramanga, 1) exemption from payment of taxi registration, in case of incorporation of a new vehicle; 2) economic incentive of more than 20% at the time of purchase of the EV, accompanied by a 25% increase in the cost of the minimum service fee, in the case of the replacement of a taxi.Keywords: electric taxi Colombia, e-taxi policies, electric mobility, electric vehicle, public transport sector.JEL Classifications: Q01, Q4, Q42DOI: https://doi.org/10.32479/ijeep.11084

This Article submits a review of the integration of renewable energies in the contemporary distribution of generated energy. A technological supervision is implemented to observe in a systematic manner the behavior of state of the art technologies in renewable energies, in the search of energetic sustainability, making an analysis of the distribution of the most representative Microgrids at world level. it is to be noted, the great inclusion of energy obtained through solar panels, and Eolic generators. However, there is a great participation of generators from diesel vapor, and gas; while in the storage system batteries are predominant, and sometimes, flywheels and supercapacitors surface. These results are possibly due to the promotion and experience of including new techniques and use of energy resource methodologies.Keywords: Renewable Energies, Distributed Generation, Microgrid, Generation Systems, Energetic sustainability.JEL Classifications: Q01, Q4, Q42DOI: https://doi.org/10.32479/ijeep.9570

Buildings are currently among the largest consumers of electrical energy with considerable increases in CO2 emissions in recent years. Although there have been notable advances in energy efficiency, buildings still have great untapped savings potential. Within demand-side management, some tools have helped improve electricity consumption, such as energy forecast models. However, because most forecasting models are not focused on updating based on the changing nature of buildings, they do not help exploit the savings potential of buildings. Considering the aforementioned, the objective of this article is to analyze the integration of methods that can help forecasting models to better adapt to the changes that occur in the behavior of buildings, ensuring that these can be used as tools to enhance savings in buildings. For this study, active and passive change detection methods were considered to be integrators in the decision tree and deep learning models. The results show that constant retraining for the decision tree models, integrating change detection methods, helped them to better adapt to changes in the whole building’s electrical consumption. However, for deep learning models, this was not the case, as constant retraining with small volumes of data only worsened their performance. These results may lead to the option of using tree decision models in buildings where electricity consumption is constantly changing.

The two-parameter Weibull probability density function (PDF) is widely utilized by different researchers and engineers to fit wind speed data for statistical analysis and modeling. The characterization of wind resources in the frequency and probability domain is necessary to estimate the power output potential of new wind energy projects. Considering that exist a variety of Weibull equations evidenced in the literature review, this article evaluates 11 different methods to calculate the shape and scale parameters of the Weibull PDF. In this sense, it was written an algorithm within a Matlab function that solves the 11 methods for calculating the Weibull PDF parameters. Wind speed data extracted from the ERA5 database was used as input data for applying the proposed algorithm, and statistical parameters such as the Root Mean Square Error (RMSE), the Relative Root Mean Square Error (RRMSE), and chi-square test (X2) we utilized for assessing the performance of each one of the 11 methods for modeling the wind distribution. The statistical results pointed that the numerical iteration methods (e.g. maximum likelihood method) showed better results than parameterized equations such as the Graphical Method, hence, this research recommends the implicit methods for determining Weibull PDF parameters of wind speed data. International Information and Engineering Technology Association

This work evaluates the possibility of increasing the national and regional competitiveness from the local generation of energy in Berlin – Santander, based on a technical and economic feasibility assessment of a small-scale wind energy generation system. Despite the important growth wind energy in Colombia has acquired over the last years, there is still a very limited number of investigations and projects. For the Andean region of Colombia there is a considerable lack of academic or industrial projects that address this topic. Hence, the importance of the study lies down in the potential explored for an environment that had not yet been addressed and may become determinant for the technological and academic advancement in the wind energy knowledge for the country. The study is conducted from a database provided by the Institute of Hydrology, Meteorology and Environmental Studies (IDEAM) at a meteorological station located in Berlin-Santander. The available wind potential is calculated for the climatic conditions of 2015. Three different Wind Energy Conversion Systems (WECS), 1 kW, 3 kW and 900 kW, are technically compared to determine the best option for the given conditions. Finally, a brief economic evaluation is carried out to determine the economic viability of the project and lay the groundwork for further investigations.

This paper presents the analysis of energy management and financial planning that is carried out in the design and implementation of photovoltaic systems in urban areas of the city of Barranquilla, Colombia. A questionnaire with a Likert scale and 36 items was designed, which was answered by subjects with managerial functions of the 16 companies dedicated to the implementation of photovoltaic (PV) projects in Barranquilla. The instrument was validated by expert judgment with a reliability of 0.84 with Cronbach's Alpha. For the analysis of results, techniques of central tendency and variability were used. The results show that energy management in the implementation of PV projects is moderate, indicating that there is no predominant presence of indicators of improvement and energy performance in these projects. Financial planning has a moderate significance, indicating that the financial analysis methods that are being used in these PV systems projects have a basic analysis.Keywords: Energy Management, Financial Planning, Photovoltaic EnergyJEL Classifications: P18, P11, Q20DOI: https://doi.org/10.32479/ijeep.7587

This paper presents the mechanical design of a single axis solar tracking system, as well as the electronic design of a system that to record in real time the electric power delivered by the solar tracker and to evaluate its performance. The interface was developed in Labview and it compares the power supplied by the tracker with the power supplied by static solar panel of the same characteristics. The performance is initially simulated using Pv-Syst software, and later validated with the data obtained by the interface. As a result, the use of the solar tracker increases the power delivered by a minimum of 19%, and it can go as high as 47.84%, with an average in increase in power of 19.5% in the monthly energy production. This experimental result was compared with the simulation by Pv-Syst software and shows a difference of only 2.5%, thus validating the reliability of the simulation. This behavior pattern coincides with previous studies carried out for equatorial latitudes. Este artículo presenta el diseño mecánico de un seguimiento solar de un solo eje. sistema, así como el diseño electrónico de un sistema que grabar en tiempo real la potencia eléctrica entregada por el seguidor solar y evaluar su actuación. La interfaz fue desarrollada en Labview y compara el energía suministrada por el seguidor con la energía suministrada por el panel solar estático de las mismas características. El rendimiento se simula inicialmente con Pv-Syst software, y posteriormente validado con los datos obtenidos por la interfaz. Como un Como resultado, el uso del seguidor solar aumenta la potencia entregada por un mínimo del 19%, y puede llegar hasta el 47,84%, con un promedio en aumento de potencia del 19,5% en la producción de energía mensual. Esto El resultado experimental se comparó con la simulación del software Pv-Syst. y muestra una diferencia de solo 2.5%, validando así la confiabilidad del simulación. Este patrón de comportamiento coincide con estudios previos realizados para latitudes ecuatoriales.

Plants microbial fuel cells (PMFC) is novel systemthat generates renewable, clean, and sustainable electricity with minimal environmentalimpact. However, PMFC has limitations in power generation and current density, since its production values is lower than other renewable technologies. Different studies show that the highest limitation for energy generation through MFC is the high resistivity of the cathode, and the solution is to replace the metallic electrodes with non-metallic materials to obtain a better performance, however, the application of these materials requires complex interdisciplinary work. This study conducted three experimental tests using metallic electrodes for the extraction of electrons and combined a black earth substrate with different natural materials, types of plants, and water to determine their influence in the increment of the electric power output.

The use of solar energy is increasingly prevalent in residential areas around the world due to the decrease in the levelized cost of energy (LCOE) for projects that meet the energy need in homes, in Colombia regulations have begun to facilitate the integration of grid-connected renewable energy projects and in isolated areas. The purpose of this research is to technically and financially assess the feasibility of a solar photovoltaic system connected to the grid in a residential complex in Colombia according to the regulatory framework in force at 2020, comparing three photovoltaic module technologies, as well as three generation scenarios (self-consumption, exchange with the network and sale of surpluses), financial feasibility was assessed taking into account three financial goodness criteria (NPV, IRR and Payback Time). The results of the research indicate that the most feasible generation scenario technically and economically is self-consumption using Si-Poly technology, for the self-consumption scenario the solar photovoltaic system requires an installed capacity of 3.77 kW peak, with an investment cost of $5,748 USD, according to the criteria of kindness the Payback Time is 7 years, with an IRR of 19.67% for the project and $49,920 USD of NPV.Keywords: PV System ON Grid, solar communities, Colombian renewable energy regulations, technical and economic analysis.JEL Classifications: Q2, Q4, Q55DOI: https://doi.org/10.32479/ijeep.9981

In this paper, a set of non-parametric identification techniques are used in order to obtain second order models plus dead time for an underdamped system. Initially, non-parametric techniques were used to identify the system from the temperature data of a coal-heated oven. In this case, the identification techniques proposed by Stark, Jahanmiri - Fallahi and Ogata were used, which require obtaining two or three points of the step response for the system under study. In addition, the Matlab PID Tuner app was used to identify the underdamped system and compare the results with the other methods. The results show that the PID Tuner and the method proposed by Ogata are the ones that best represent the dynamics of the underdamped system, taking into account the values for the Integral Absolute Error (IAE) and the correlation coefficient. With the Stark method an IAE of 181.56 was obtained, while with the PID Tuner the best performance was achieved with an IAE of 21.59. In terms of the results obtained with the cross correlation, the best performance was achieved with the PID tuner and the Stark method.

An alarm management methodology can be proposed as a discrete event sequence recognition problem where time patterns are used to identify the process safe condition, especially in the start-up and shutdown stages. Industrial plants, particularly in the petrochemical, energy, and chemical sectors, require a combined approach of all the events that can result in a catastrophic accident. This document introduces a new layer of protection (super-alarm) for industrial processes based on a diagnostic stage. Alarms and actions of the standard operating procedure are considered discrete events involved in sequences, where the diagnostic stage corresponds to the recognition of a special situation when these sequences occur. This is meant to provide operators with pertinent information regarding the normal or abnormal situations induced by the flow of alarms. Chronicles Based Alarm Management (CBAM) is the methodology used to build the chronicles that will permit to generate the super-alarms furthermore, a case study of the petrochemical sector using CBAM is presented to build the chronicles of the normal startup, abnormal start-up, and normal shutdown scenarios. Finally, the scenario validation is performed for an abnormal start-up, showing how a super-alarm is generated. RESUMEN Se puede formular una metodología de gestión de alarmas como un problema de reconocimiento de secuencia de eventos discretos en el que se utilizan patrones de tiempo para identificar la condición segura del proceso, especialmente en las etapas de arranque y parada de planta. Las plantas industriales, particularmente en las industrias petroquímica, energética y química, requieren una administración combinada de todos los eventos que pueden producir un accidente catastrófico. En este documento, se introduce una nueva capa de protección (súper alarma) a los procesos industriales basados en una etapa de diagnóstico. Las alarmas y las acciones estándar del procedimiento operativo son asumidas como eventos discretos involucrados en las secuencias, luego la etapa de diagnóstico corresponde al reconocimiento de la situación cuando ocurren estas secuencias. Esto proporciona a los operadores información pertinente sobre las situaciones normales o anormales inducidas por el flujo de alarmas. La gestión de alarmas basadas en crónicas (CBAM) es la metodología utilizada en este artículo para construir las crónicas que permitirán generar las super alarmas, además, se presenta un caso de estudio del sector petroquímico que usa CBAM para construir las crónicas de los escenarios de un arranque normal, un arranque anormal y un apagado normal. Finalmente, la validación del escenario se realiza para un arranque anormal, mostrando cómo se genera una súper alarma.

The inclusion of photovoltaic energy in the Colombian energy matrix has had several difficulties due to the lack of energy policies and regulations in renewable energy projects. The lack of government support with subsidies that extend the coverage of PV energy projects in residential areas has made the collection of funds more challenging. This paper presents a techno-economic analysis for the implementation of grid-connected photovoltaic projects on the roofs of residential areas, under the net metering policy framework. For the profitability analysis, the discounted cash flow (DCF) method was used. The revenues were obtained from the forecasts of the electrical power production of the PV system, based on the characteristics of the Colombian Caribbean Region. For this purpose, the meteorological data (2013-2017) of this region were used as an input for the calculation of the economic benefits that can be achieved with the implementation of PV systems. Based on the technical sizing and economic assumptions, it was proved that the DCF method allows to accurately determine the optimal debt ratio. After evaluating the three scenarios proposed, it was demonstrated that profitability and self-sustainability, with investment from creditors, is obtained from the implementation of PV systems of at least 3 kWp.Keywords: PV Systems, Net Metering, Discounted Cash Flow Method, Optimal Debt RatioJEL Classifications: Q42; G32; G5DOI: https://doi.org/10.32479/ijeep.9560

Some methods for fire detection include monitoring from watch towers and the use of satellite images [1] [2]. Unfortunately, these are not efficient due to several reasons, such as high infrastructure costs (sophisticated equipment), the fact that they require a large number of trained personnel and that they make real-time monitoring difficult, since when the phenomenon is detected, its speed of propagation has produced uncontrollable levels of damage. This paper proposes a method for detecting forest fires, using a network of wireless sensors and information fusion methods.

The integration of renewable energies in the electric power system, as a solution to the growing demand for electricity in developing countries, has become a vital issue, such is the case of Mexico. The purpose of this work is the assessment of the economic and energy feasibility of a residential house grid-connected hybrid photovoltaic (PV)-wind system, in Mexico. The hybrid PV-wind system design is based on the existing renewable energy resources and considering a typical load profile. Also, an economic analysis is presented based on the two schemes approved for the sale of the surplus of the energy generated in Mexico: Net billing and net metering. The results obtained demonstrate the viability and profitability of the proposed small-size system. However, the results corroborate that government incentives are crucial to making the proposed system more attractive and affordable for residential users. La integración de energías renovables en el sistema eléctrico, como solución a la creciente demanda de electricidad en los países en desarrollo, ha convertirse en un tema vital, tal es el caso de México. El propósito de este trabajo es la evaluación de la viabilidad económica y energética de un residencial. casa sistema híbrido fotovoltaico (PV) -eólico conectado a la red, en México. El diseño del sistema híbrido fotovoltaico-eólico se basa en las renovables existentes. recursos energéticos y considerando un perfil de carga típico. Asimismo, se presenta un análisis económico con base en los dos esquemas aprobados para la venta de el excedente de la energía generada en México: facturación neta y medición neta. Los resultados obtenidos demuestran la viabilidad y rentabilidad del propuesto sistema de pequeño tamaño. Sin embargo, los resultados corroboran que los incentivos gubernamentales son cruciales para hacer más atractivo el sistema propuesto. y asequible para usuarios residenciales.

espanolSe analizan los resultados de la gestion administrativa en las instituciones educativas rurales del distrito de Santa Marta, Colombia, considerando dimensiones como enfoque administrativo, nivel de gestion, usos de investigacion de operaciones en educacion y toma de decision. Es una investigacion descriptiva, de campo y transversal, con poblacion de 25 instituciones rurales. El instrumento fue un cuestionario tipo escala de Likert con 48 items, validado mediante juicio experto y confiabilidad de 0.87 Alfa de Cronbach. La estadistica fue descriptiva, y se construyo un baremo de 5 categorias. Los resultados indican que no hay enfoque administrativo predominante en las instituciones educativas de la zona rural y que existe moderada presencia en el uso de tecnicas de investigacion operacional en la gestion administrativa de los colegios. Ademas, 72% de los directores no utilizan soportes para decidir, 48% no usa referentes teoricos, aunque existen condiciones para adelantar estudios de investigacion operacional en cada institucion. EnglishThe results of a study on the administrative management in rural educational institutions in the district of Santa Marta, Colombia, considering dimensions such as administrative approach, management level, uses of operations research in education and decision making are presented. The study is of descriptive type ad classified as a field and cross-sectional investigation, with a population of 25 rural institutions. The instrument used to gather the data was a Likert scale questionnaire with 48 items, validated by expert judgment and reliability of 0.87 using the Cronbach's Alpha. The statistic was descriptive and a scale of 5 categories was constructed. The results indicate that there is no predominant administrative approach in the educational institutions of the rural area and that there is a moderate presence in the use of operational research techniques applied to the administrative management of the institutions. Also, 72% of the school directors do not use supports for decision making, 48 % does not use theoretical references, although there are appropriate conditions to carry out operational research studies in each institution.

espanolEste articulo presenta el procedimiento para la seleccion de un conjunto de criterios para tener en cuenta en proyectos de planificacion energetica para las zonas rurales de Colombia utilizando fuentes renovables de energia. La implementacion de programas de electrificacion en las zonas rurales colombianas se enfrenta a diversos obstaculos, entre los que se destaca la inadecuada seleccion de criterios para valorar la pertinencia de los proyectos. A partir de una revision bibliografica se identificaron 33 criterios que fueron sometidos al juicio de expertos con un cuestionario basado en la escala de Likert. Para la seleccion se utilizo como referente la media aritmetica y el nivel de significancia. Se seleccionaron 20 subcriterios agrupados en 5 criterios: tecnicos, economicos, sociales, ambientales y riesgo; los cuales permiten una evaluacion integral de proyectos de planificacion energetica. EnglishThis paper presents the process of selecting a set of criteria for use in energy planning processes using renewable energy sources in rural areas of Colombia. The implementation of renewable energies in the electrification programs of rural areas in Colombia has several obstacles, among which the inadequate selection of criteria to assess the relevance of projects is highlighted. From a bibliographic review, 33 criteria were identified and submitted to expert judgment with a questionnaire based on the Likert scale. For the selection process, the arithmetic mean and the level of significance were used as reference. After processing the results, 20 subcriteria were selected and grouped into five criteria: technical, economic, social, environmental and risk; which allow a comprehensive evaluation of energy planning projects.

This paper presents the implementation of a fuzzy controller on the Arduino Mega board, for tracking the maximum power point of a photovoltaic (PV) module; using low cost materials. A dc-dc converter that incorporates a driver circuit to control the turning on and offof the Mosfet transistor was designed. The controller was evaluated in a PV system consisting of a 65 W PV module and a 12 V/55Ah battery. The results demonstrate the superiority of the fuzzy controller compared to the traditional P & O algorithm, in terms of efficiency and oscillations around the operating point. Este documento presenta la implementación de un controlador difuso en la placa Arduino Mega, para rastrear el punto de máxima potencia de un módulo fotovoltaico (PV); Utilizando materiales de bajo coste. Se diseñó un convertidor dc-dc que incorpora un circuito controlador para controlar el encendido y apagado del transistor Mosfet. El controlador se evaluó en un sistema fotovoltaico que consta de un módulo fotovoltaico de 65 W y una batería de 12 V / 55Ah. Los resultados demuestran la superioridad del controlador difuso en comparación con el algoritmo P & O tradicional, en términos de eficiencia y oscilaciones alrededor del punto de operación.

Plants Microbial Fuel Cells (PMFC) is a new technology that generates electricity in a renewable, clean and sustainable way. In spite of these advantages, it still faces limitations in power generation and current density, reaching lower production values than other renewable technologies. Different studies maintain that the high resistivity of the cathode is the main limitation in the generation of energy; therefore, non-metallic materials to obtain a better performance are replacing the metallic electrodes. The implementation of these materials applied to PMFC requires a complex interdisciplinary work. Through three experimental tests using metallic electrodes for the extraction of electrons, this research study shows that the treatment of the substrate with natural materials, the volume plant roots, and substrate temperature and humidity control have a significant influence in the increase of the electric potential and the generated current.

Industrial plants, especially on mining, metal processing, energy and chemical/petrochemical processes require integrated management of all the events that may cause accidents and translate into alarms. Process alarm management can be formulated as an event-based pattern recognition problem in which temporal patterns are used to characterize different typical situations, particularly at startup and shutdown stages. In this paper, a new layer based on a diagnosis process is proposed over the typical layers of protection in industrial processes. Considering the alarms and the actions of the standard operating procedure as discrete events, the diagnosis step relies on situation recognition to provide the operators with relevant information about the failures inducing the alarm flow. The new concept of super alarms is based on a methodology with a diagnosis step that permits generate these types of superior alarms. For example, the Chronicle Based Alarm Management (CBAM) methodology involves different techniques to take the hybrid aspect and the standard operational procedures of the concerned processes into account.

The growing penetration of generation systems based on renewable energy in electric power systems is undeniable. These generation systems have many benefits, but also many challenges from the technical point of view. One of the biggest problems in the case of solar photovoltaic (PV) and wind energy is the intermittency of the raw material, thus hybrid generation systems that contain both sources are being used to complement electric power generation. To analyze the problems of this type of hybrid generation systems, it is necessary to develop models and test systems that allows to study their dynamic behavior. Reported in this paper is the implementation of a full hybrid PV&ndash, wind generation system model in a real-time digital simulation platform, and the development of the electronic converter controls. These controllers were implemented in digital devices (Arduino Due) and connected to the simulation platform to test their performance in real-time. In addition, the procedure followed for the development and implementation of the controllers is presented. The proposed test system can be used in renewable energy integration studies and the development of new control strategies.

This paper presents the data of multimodal functions that emulate the performance of an array of five photovoltaic modules under partial shading conditions. These functions were obtained through mathematical modeling and represent the P–V curves of a photovoltaic module with several local maximums and a global maximum. In addition, data from a feedforward neural network are shown, which represent an approximation of the multimodal functions that were obtained with mathematical modeling. The modeling of multimodal functions, the architecture of the neural network and the use of the data were discussed in our previous work entitled “Search for Global Maxima in Multimodal Functions by Applying Numerical Optimization Algorithms: A Comparison Between Golden Section and Simulated Annealing” [1]. Data were obtained through simulations in a C code, which were exported to DAT files and subsequently organized into four Excel tables. Each table shows the voltage and power data for the five modules of the photovoltaic array, for multimodal functions and for the approximation of the multimodal functions implemented by the artificial neural network. In this way, a dataset that can be used to evaluate the performance of optimization algorithms and system identification techniques applied in multimodal functions was obtained. Keywords: Artificial neural networks, Multimodal functions, Optimization algorithms, Partial shading, Photovoltaic modules

Simultaneous occurrences of events have been a crucial and hard problem since the beginning of the research about automaton and simulation theories of discrete event systems, for more than 50 years. This article addresses some diagnosis problems in industrial processes, situations such as simultaneity of events, false positives, and partial recognition of event sequences. V-nets are presented as a means to model dynamic processes without the state machine concept and, the robustness and capability to identify different sequences of discrete events. With the V-nets formalism, it is possible to identify the evolution of the discrete events, simultaneous occurrences of events, partial recognition, counting the number of times that each discrete event occurred in a temporal sequence and this formalism also has the capability to model sequences of sequences. An example of one industrial application is presented and a comparative analysis of the Time Petri Nets, Timed Automata, and Chronicles with the V-nets is exposed.

Solar and wind energy systems, without storage, cannot satisfy variable load demands, but their combined use can help to solve the problem of the balance between generation and consumption. Energetic complementarity studies are useful to evaluate the viability of the use of two or more renewable energy sources with high variability in a specific interval of time in a determined region. In this paper, the monthly energetic complementarity study of solar and wind resources of Colombia is carried out. A novel approach to conduct the study is proposed. A dataset with the average monthly solar radiation and wind speed values is obtained from high-resolution images of renewable resources maps, using image processing algorithms. Then, the dataset is used to calculate the energetic complementarity of the sources employing the negative of the Pearson correlation coefficient. The obtained values are transformed to energetic complementarity maps, previously eliminating the protected areas. The obtained results show that there is a good energetic complementarity in the north and northeastern regions of the country throughout the year. The results indicate that projects related to the joint use of solar and wind generation systems could be developed in these regions. Los sistemas de energía solar y eólica, sin almacenamiento, no pueden satisfacer las demandas de carga variable, pero su uso combinado puede ayudar a resolver el problema del equilibrio entre generación y consumo. Los estudios de complementariedad energética son útiles para evaluar la viabilidad del uso de dos o más fuentes de energía renovable con alta variabilidad en un intervalo de tiempo específico en una región determinada. En este artículo, el estudio mensual de complementariedad energética de los recursos solar y eólico de Colombia se lleva a cabo. Se propone un enfoque novedoso para realizar el estudio. Un conjunto de datos con el promedio Los valores mensuales de radiación solar y velocidad del viento se obtienen a partir de imágenes de alta resolución de renovables. mapas de recursos, utilizando algoritmos de procesamiento de imágenes. Luego, el conjunto de datos se utiliza para calcular el complementariedad energética de las fuentes empleando el negativo del coeficiente de correlación de Pearson. Los valores obtenidos se transforman en mapas de complementariedad energética, eliminando previamente la áreas protegidas. Los resultados obtenidos muestran que existe una buena complementariedad energética en el regiones del norte y noreste del país durante todo el año. Los resultados indican que los proyectos relacionados con el uso conjunto de sistemas de generación solar y eólica podrían desarrollarse en estas regiones.

This paper presents a study of the installation of a hybrid PV-Wind power generation system for social interest houses in the city of San Luis Potosi, Mexico. To assess the benefits of the implementation of this type of systems, a technological, economic and environmental evaluation is carried out based on the available renewable energy resources and considering a typical load profile of consumers. The obtained results show the feasibility of installation of small capacity hybrid generation systems in the city, however governmental incentives must be implemented to make more attractive and affordable the proposed systems for medium/low income users.

Decision-making in energy planning can be approached as a problem of multicriteria decision analysis in which different types of factors are involved. This task must take into account several aspects due to the increasing complexity of social, technological and economic factors. In this context, this paper uses the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) to prioritize a set of criteria, subcriteria and alternatives as a support for decision-making in the process of energy planning with renewable energies for rural areas in the Caribbean region of Colombia. Based on the participation of experts, 5 criteria, 20 subcriteria and 4 alternatives were defined. Using the AHP, the same group of experts was consulted in order to prioritize all aspects. The results showed that the most relevant criteria were the technical with 24.7%. Next were environmental (21.7%), social (19.6%), economic (17.8%) and risk (16.3%). The best renewable energy alternative was solar with 45.3%. La toma de decisiones en la planificación energética se puede abordar como un problema del análisis de decisiones multicriterio en el que intervienen diferentes tipos de factores. Esta tarea debe tener en cuenta varios aspectos debido a la creciente complejidad de los factores sociales, tecnológicos y económicos. En este contexto, este documento utiliza el proceso de jerarquía analítica (AHP) para priorizar un conjunto de criterios, subcriterios y alternativas como apoyo para la toma de decisiones en el proceso de planificación energética con energías renovables para áreas rurales en la región del Caribe de Colombia. Sobre la base de la participación de expertos, se definieron 5 criterios, 20 subcriterios y 4 alternativas. Usando el AHP, se consultó al mismo grupo de expertos para priorizar todos los aspectos. Los resultados mostraron que los criterios más relevantes fueron los técnicos con un 24,7%. Los siguientes fueron: ambiental (21.7%), social (19.6%), económico (17.8%) y riesgo (16.3%). La mejor alternativa de energía renovable fue la solar con un 45,3%.

Subsequent to the study of the energy demand and the evaluation of possible available resources in the remote area of Riosucio, Chocó region, Colombia, an analysis is performed on the implementation of three alternative systems of power generation. The first is a micro hydroelectric power station on the Truando River, which includes the design using HOMER software simulation, the costs of building and implementation, and its share in the energy mix. The second system is an array of photovoltaic panels in isolated configuration. This will include the design, via HOMER software simulation, of batteries, panel distribution, inverters, and connections, for a usable specific area restricted by the limited solar resource of the area. Finally, wind power is analyzed, a system that will include the determination of the most suitable turbine for the available wind resource in the area, as well as the analysis of the ideal quantity of wind generators based on its share in the energy mix For each of the assessed systems, a financial analysis and the feasibility are obtained, based on the investment, percentage of energy, and the electricity savings for each of the homes. Posterior al estudio de la demanda energética y evaluación de los posibles recursos disponibles en la zona aislada de red eléctrica, de Riosucio Chocó en Colombia, se plantea un análisis de implementación de tres sistemas alternativos de generación: Una microcentral hidroeléctrica en el río Truando, el cual incluye el diseño por simulación con HOMER software además de los costos de construcción e implementación, así como su porcentaje energético de participación; un arreglo de paneles fotovoltaicos, en configuración aislada que incluirá el diseño por simulación con HOMER software de baterías, distribución de los paneles, inversores y conexiones, para un área específica aprovechable teniendo como limitante el recurso solar de la zona, y por último generación con energía eólica, sistema que incluirá la determinación de la turbina más apta para el recurso eólico disponible en la zona, así como el análisis la cantidad óptima de generadores eólicos, basándose en la participación energética y los costos.