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Electrodermal Activity (EDA) is considered one of the most informative physiological responses to emotional stress, providing extensive data. This research is dedicated to investigating the measurement of EDA within the context of polygraph testing, utilizing the specialized LXSoftware. It includes a comprehensive analysis of EDA signal, with a particular emphasis on its correlation with various types of polygraph questions. Additionally, the study examines the characteristics of the EDA signal and factors that may potentially influence the measurements.

This article discusses the possibilities of using the terrestrial multi-frame photogrammetry method in industrial fields. It focuses mainly on the types and possibilities of displaying the captured image in 3D models of point clouds. Three basic types of point cloud models are presented, depending on the sensing device with which the image was captured. These devices include a professional laser scanner and a 360° camera. These devices are complemented by a 360° outdoor camera commonly used by the public. The thesis aims to outline the possibilities of using 3D models of point clouds as information carriers in industrial research fields.

This study focuses on an applicability of the device designed for monitoring dough fermentation. The device combines a complex system of thermodynamic sensors (TDSs) with an electronic nose (E-nose). The device’s behavior was tested in experiments with dough samples. The configuration of the sensors in the thermodynamic system was explored and their response to various positions of the heat source was investigated. When the distance of the heat source and its intensity from two thermodynamic sensors changes, the output signal of the thermodynamic system changes as well. Thus, as the distance of the heat source decreases or the intensity increases, there is a higher change in the output signal of the system. The linear trend of this change reaches an R2 value of 0.936. Characteristics of the doughs prepared from traditional and non-traditional flours were successfully detected using the electronic nose. To validate findings, the results of the measurements were compared with signals from the rheofermentometer Rheo F4, and the correlation between the output signals was closely monitored. The data after statistical evaluation show that the measurements using thermodynamic sensors and electronic nose directly correlate the most with the measured values of the fermenting dough volume. Pearson’s correlation coefficient for TDSs and rheofermentometer reaches up to 0.932. The E-nose signals also correlate well with dough volume development, up to 0.973. The data and their analysis provided by this study declare that the used system configuration and methods are fully usable for this type of food analysis and also could be usable in other types of food based on the controlled fermentation. The system configuration, based on the result, will be also used in future studies.

The main object of this research was to develop a security system to evaluate the intrusion into an object through a glass pane. More specifically, this study deals with sensing and evaluating signals from a contact glass-break detector, which is part of an intruder alarm system. Each alarm detector in an alarm system must accomplish certain security level requirements that strictly describe the requirements for the area of use and the detector’s reliability. To date, no contact glass-break detector has been developed and fully tested to meet the stringent requirements of the highest security level. A contact glass-break detector was developed whose main part is an accelerometer that transmits signals from the glass pane. These signals were evaluated according to the developed methodology. It was verified that the proposed system can distinguish at the highest security level between false alarms and situations where the building has been intruded.

Polycarbonate is a thermoplastic polymer used in many sectors including security and transportation. Polycarbonate plastic parts can be used in automotive applications because of their low strain, durability, performance, and slow deterioration. This engineering polymer is easily moldable, processable, and thermoformable. This article tests the polycarbonate shield, grit from the polycarbonate shield, and injection molded polycarbonate specimens on a drop-weight impact test. This study is focused on the comparison of the mechanical properties (especially on the impact resistance) between injection molded polycarbonate, and polycarbonate safety shield. Statistical evaluation of the results shows that the injection molded polycarbonate does not reach the mechanical properties of the protect shield.

The primary objective of this research is to investigate the potential use of virtual reality technology in the process of criminal investigations, specifically in relation to the use of polygraph technology. A comparative analysis of existing research on this topic was conducted to explore the relationship between immersion in VR and emotions, in order to understand how to effectively design and implement polygraph testing within VR.

This paper presents a method for mapping and analysis of electromagnetic background in an urban area. The uniqueness of our environment causes the inability to simulate electromagnetic fields of the real world as there is an unknown amount of sources and a near infinite amount of obstacles that could obscure the traveling wave or bounce it in a different direction altogether. The proposed method allows mapping an area of 64 hectares in less than 24 hours using only one person, antenna, software-defined radio, laptop, and optionally external drive to store data, which ensures the possibility of having multiple setups to multiply results. The general analysis of gathered data consists of three parts. The first is the compression ratio, a valuable byproduct of data compression for long-term storage. The second uses geographical locations to determine variance by distance, in a straight line and a cluster. The final tool for analysis is a Pearson's and Kendall's correlations to a baseline measurement to find potential errors and/or anomalies within a data set.

This article discusses the use of color and color space analysis in the space of 3D reconstruction of a real object. The text focuses on the area of point clouds as a carrier of color information in 3D space. This issue is applied to the 3D reconstruction of an original work of art using the method of photogrammetry into 3D point clouds to use the above procedures in the field of forensic science and the issue of falsification of works of art in digital and virtual environments.

This paper discusses the use of the terrestrial multi-frame photogrammetry method. This method is applied to a group of plants in a natural environment of a greenhouse. Image data is captured by two sensing devices with different types of lenses. Image data is used for the realistic 3D reconstruction of objects into a 3D model. In this experiment, we work primarily with the created point cloud.

This article aims to compare two different scanning devices (360 camera and digital single lens reflex (DSLR) camera) and their properties in the three-dimensional (3D) reconstruction of the object by the photogrammetry method. The article first describes the various stages of the process of 3D modeling and reconstruction of the object. A point cloud generated to the 3D model of the object, including textures, is created in the following steps. The scanning devices are compared under the same conditions and time from capturing the image of a real object to its 3D reconstruction. The attributes of the scanned image of the recon-structed 3D model, which is a mandarin tree in a citrus greenhouse in a daylight environment, are also compared. Both created models are also compared visually. That visual comparison reveals the possibilities in the application of both scanning devices can be found in the process of 3D reconstruction of the object by photogrammetry. The results of this research can be applied in the field of 3D modeling of a real object using 3D models in virtual reality, 3D printing, 3D visualization, image analysis, and 3D online presentation. © 2023, Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science. All rights reserved.

Currently, nanoantennas represent significant potential for the future, and the scientific community is putting a lot of effort into developing these devices. Many publications deal with different types such as plasmonic, dielectric, or hybrid, and structures of nanoantennas such as dipole, Yagi-Uda, and others; therefore, the idea arose to create an article summarizing the possibilities of using these devices in the last five years. The paper focuses on a brief description of currently investigated types of antennas, especially in the scientific field, and lists the most common applications of nanoantennas.

The study deals with experimental research of the material of a bronze work of art. It characterizes the visual properties of the metallic material for perception by the human eye and lists the expected undesirable properties that may affect the quality of reproduction of the work in a 3D model of point clouds. The text also presents image capture for the use of the photogrammetry method. This method was used for 3D modelling of a real object in the exterior. The human eye is a significant environment of the perception of the object and the 3D modelling process. Lighting conditions also significantly affect the quality of the captured image and its processing into a point cloud. The results of the image quality of the original art transferred to the 3D environment reveal the essential attributes of the work when capturing the image. The experiment aims to determine the fundamental aspects influencing the image work with metallic objects and its conversion in the form of point clouds into 3D models for use in virtual reality. Attention is paid to the quality and complexity of processing the reproduction of the object into a point 3D model. And the influence of the properties of the metallic material and the surrounding exterior environment on 3D modelling by photogrammetry.

The main aim of this article is to show how physiodetection is used in practice. It is focused on polygraph technology and examination process with suggestions to improvements for more accurate testing. Simultaneously, the polygraph measured tracings are discussed and the analysis of polygraph data is presented. © 2022 IEEE.

This paper discusses the potential use of virtual reality technology in the security and protection of the population. Experimental using the properties of the scanning device, the actual public environment is recorded in a panoramic 2D image and subsequently adjusted for the needs of display in a virtual environment. The text also lists selected safety requirements. The article discusses the conclusions and potential of the application as a secondary tool in security issues. © 2022 IEEE.

This paper is focused on the contact glass-break detectors used in technical security namely in the Intruder Alarm Systems. The glass-break detector is used as the main component of the perimeter layer of protection against the potential intruder. The main aim of this research is to measure and calculate the average time duration of the impact on the glass panel. More specifically, how long does it take to absorb created vibrations by the glass panel and the window frame. This number can also determine the maximal possible detection in one second. The second outcome is the graphical representation of the impact itself in time. The main experiment is done according to the standardization for the contact glass-break detectors and it is done by using the accelerometer placed on the glass panel which measures vibrations created by the impact in real-time. These data are measured and evaluated by the development of the development board called Arduino Nano, and the accelerometer MPU-6050. The experiment comes with all needed explanations and technical documentation. © 2022 IEEE.

3D reconstruction represents sophisticated approach to crime scene documentation and farther forensic analysis; however, quality of results is strictly depended on source data. This article identifies feasibility limits and defines critical requirements for crime scene 3D reconstruction. An evaluation triangle is proposed to realize method applicability assessment. Moreover, individual factors influencing the feasibility were described in detail and their mutual relationship has been formulated. A crime scene testimony in virtual reality workflow was provided to visualize individual process relation. © 2022 IEEE.

In connection with the solution of the security situation in the world, artificial intelligence has been intensively used in recent years, which can process and solve complex problems with the help of high computer performance, data volume and machine learning algorithms. The field of face recognition and object detection has not lagged behind in this area and makes extensive use of artificial intelligence in its algorithms. The work presents the possibilities of obtaining data for the detection of persons by camera systems, at the same time the individual algorithms for face detection and identification of persons are presented. Attention is paid to the analysis of current software manufacturers for Face Recognition with subsequent testing of two separate programs and one software, which is a product of the manufacturer of camera systems. © 2022 IEEE.

Tato experimentální studie si klade za cíl navrhnout a aplikovat postupy pro vizualizaci reálného objektu v prostředí virtuální reality. 3D rekonstrukce objektu fotogrammetrií je základem pro další postupy práce s 3D modelem. Pozornost je zaměřena především na práci s bronzovým materiálem a strukturou předmětu. Experiment si klade za cíl dosáhnout vysoké úrovně kvality obrazu ve virtuální realitě. V textu jsou popsány charakteristické vlastnosti materiálu a struktury, která je předmětem samostatného zpracování obrazu v digitálním 3D modelu. Dále jsou navrženy a aplikovány postupy pro další zpracování 3D modelu a úpravy jeho atributů pro export a import mezi jednotlivými software použitými v tomto experimentu. Metody 2D a 3D grafiky jsou využívány pro finální vizuální podobu objektu ve virtuální realitě a nástroje pro vytvoření originálního materiálu reálného objektu., This experimental study aims to design and apply procedures for visualizing a real object in a virtual reality environment. 3D reconstruction of the object by photogrammetry is the basis for further procedures of working with the 3D model. Attention is focused primarily on working with the bronze material and structure of the object. The experiment aims to achieve a high level of image quality in virtual reality. The text describes the characteristic properties of the material and structure, which is the subject of separate image processing in a digital 3D model. Furthermore, procedures for further processing the 3D model and modification of its attributes for export and import between the individual software used in this experiment are designed and applied. The 2D and 3D graphics methods are used for the final visual appearance of the object in virtual reality and tools for creating the original material of the real object., To eksperymentalne badanie ma na celu zaprojektowanie i zastosowanie procedur wizualizacji rzeczywistego obiektu w środowisku wirtualnej rzeczywistości. Rekonstrukcja obiektu 3D metodą fotogrametrii jest podstawą do dalszych procedur pracy z modelem 3D. Uwaga skupiona jest przede wszystkim na pracy z brązem i strukturą przedmiotu. Eksperyment ma na celu osiągnięcie wysokiego poziomu jakości obrazu w wirtualnej rzeczywistości. Tekst opisuje charakterystyczne właściwości materiału i struktury, która jest przedmiotem odrębnej obróbki obrazu w cyfrowym modelu 3D. Ponadto opracowano i zastosowano procedury dalszego przetwarzania modelu 3D i modyfikacji jego atrybutów w celu eksportu i importu pomiędzy poszczególnymi programami używanymi w tym eksperymencie. Metody graficzne 2D i 3D służą do ostatecznego wyglądu wizualnego obiektu w wirtualnej rzeczywistości oraz narzędzia do tworzenia oryginalnego materiału obiektu rzeczywistego.

Many companies use the Video Surveillance Systems (VSS) application for security applications. However, this system is usually designed as an external independent device and the security person is forced to use it locally with limited control. The aim of this paper is to design the extended Peripheral Component Interconnect Express (PCI-E) card for the VSS application for extensive companies. The card has several independent Ethernet terminals where IP cameras using Power over Ethernet (PoE) can be connected. This solution is much more cost-effective and easy to use solution than traditional Digital Video Recorder (DVR). Designed solutions guarantee flawless and reliable video signal transmission for security applications.

The main aim of this article is to design a monitoring center for collecting and evaluating the physiological function of retired patients in nursing homes. The system should be able to collect the information of body heat, heart rate, blood oxygen, orientation, and sleep time in the form of the little bracelet. The evaluating part of the system with the program can be placed into personal computer (PC) which can provide a user-friendly interface and easy managing. The program can display all needed information of the patient from previous days or months in the form of the graphs and the nursing person can have the view of the patient´s physiological health. The evaluation and the collection of the data from each patient are done only on the card and the computer is only a device for live-view and managing. In case of the power failure, the monitoring system will be still operating normally due to the uninterruptible power supply (UPS) in the form of the battery. It means that the system will operate even if the PC is powered off. The system also has several external communication interfaces like wireless fidelity (Wi-Fi), ethernet, and general packet radio service (GPRS) which provides an external connection. © 2021, Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science. All rights reserved.

This paper presents the results of our experiment, which consisted in measurement of the shielding effectiveness of a camera enclosure that was designed and constructed in order to increase thesusceptibility of a camera against external electromagnetic fields. All activities, from defining of requirements to final design and measurements, were performed in the Laboratory of Electromagnetic Compatibility at the Faculty of Applied Informatics of Tomas Bata University in Zlín. The hereby described approach allowed to utilize standardized laboratory equipment that is normally used for device susceptibility test to radiated electric field. The measurement was made inside a semi-anechoic room additionally damped by absorbers placed on its floor. When configuring the experiment, relevant EMC standards EN 55016 and EN 61000-4-3 were considered. Although the uncertainty tolerances, allowed by the relevant standards, were quite high for measurements in such rooms, the results obtained by the experiment matched the theoretical expectations quite satisfactorily. © 2021 Petr Skočík et al., published by Sciendo.

Security engineering refers to the latest techniques and methods used to protect large numbers of people concentrated in public crowded places every day. Such a new modern method represents the Intelligent Portable Border Control System (iBorderCtrl) based on lie detection. This paper describes and analyses this automated deception detection border security system developed mainly for airport security but also for the control of the land border crossing points as roads, walkways, or train stations. The system is built using advanced and high-performance deep learning models with the aim of effectively prevent any threats or potentially dangerous situations from arising or entering the country. © 2021 Danube Adria Association for Automation and Manufacturing, DAAAM. All rights reserved.

This article deals with capturing the image in the gallery's interior with a 3D camera in different lighting conditions. Currently, 3D backgrounds are a standard part of modelling and virtual reality. There are several ways to create a background, and there are various high-resolution 3D scanning devices. This study deals with capturing an image in the interior of a gallery with a 3D camera in different lighting conditions. The text lists the fundamental properties of light and lighting. The parameters and possibilities of capturing the image with a 3D camera are also described. The article further describes the indoor lighting conditions in the interior when using a 3D camera and compares the lighting conditions and their effect on the quality of the captured image and the goal of obtaining the best possible quality of the captured image. © 2021 Danube Adria Association for Automation and Manufacturing, DAAAM. All rights reserved.

This paper describes a voltage controlled amplifier with linearized response to the controlling voltage and discusses its harmonic distortion. As a controlling element, a JFET transistor has been utilized. The design of the amplifier has been made with the aid of Maple mathematical software and National Instruments Multisim circuit simulator. During the simulations, it was found that the controlling transistor would probably introduce significant distortion into the signal path. Therefore a set of measurements on real circuit was made in order to verify that the SPICE model of the transistor provided relevant results during the simulation. Both, the simulated and the really measured parameters of the amplifier are discussed within the framework of this paper. ©2020 IEEE

Forecasting energy consumption in buildings is crucial for achieving effective energy management as well as reducing environmental impacts. With the availability of large amounts of relevant data through smart metering, gas consumption forecasting is becoming an integral part of smart building design so that these requirements are met. In this study, we investigate week-ahead forecasting of daily gas consumption in three types of buildings characterized by different gas consumption profiles during a five-year period. As gas consumption in buildings is highly correlated with the average outdoor temperature, regression models with additional residual modeling are used for forecasting. However, conventional regression models with autoregressive moving averages (ARMA) errors (regARMA) perform poorly when the temperature forecasts are inaccurate. To address this, a new forecasting model termed genetic-algorithm-optimized regression wavelet neural network (GA-optimized regWANN) is proposed. It uses the wavelet decomposition of the residuals of temperature regression time-series, which are modeled by multiple nonlinear autoregressive (NAR) models based on sigmoid neural networks. The appropriate delays in the regression vectors of the NAR models are selected using a binary GA. Compared with regARMA and seasonal regARMA, the GA-optimized regWANN model achieved in the three buildings a reduction of 22.6%, 17.7%, and 57% in the mean absolute error (MAE) values in ex post forecasting with recorded temperatures, and a 52.5%, 27%, and 43.6% reduction in the MAE values in ex ante forecasting with week-ahead forecasted temperatures, even under conditions of relatively significant errors in the forecasted temperature. © 2020 Elsevier Ltd

This study describes the effect of electron radiation on the nano-mechanical properties of surface layers of selected polyamide (PA) types. Electron radiation initiates the cross-linking of macromolecules in the polyamide structure, leading to the creation of a 3Dnetworkwhich fundamentally changes the properties of the tested polymers. Selected types of polyamide (PA 6, PA 66 and PA 9T) were exposed to various intensities of electron radiation (33 kGy, 66 kGy, 99 kGy, 132 kGy, 165 kGy and 198 kGy). The cross-linked polyamides' surface properties were measured by means of the modern nano-indentation technique (Depth Sensing Indentation; DSI), which operates on the principle of the immediate detection of indenter penetration depth in dependence on the applied load. The evaluation was preformed using the Oliver-Pharrmethod. The effect of electron radiation on the tested polyamides manifested itself in the creation of a 3D network, which led to an increase of surface layer properties, such as indentation hardness, elastic modulus, creep and temperature resistance, by up to 93%. The increase of temperature and mechanical properties substantially broadens the field of application of these materials in technical practice, especially when higher temperature resistance is required. The positive changes to the nano-mechanical properties as well as mechanical and temperature capabilities instigated by the cross-linking process were confirmed by the gel volume test. These measurements lay the foundation for a detailed study of this topic, as well as for a more effective means of modifying chosen properties of technical polyamide products by radiation. © 2020 by the authors.

Nowadays, the Intruder Alarm system is commonly used to protect the life, health and the possession of people in big companies. However, these systems have limited options for managing and remote control. This lack is very often criticized by big companies which want to use the Intruder Alarm System with other applications like Access and Attendance control. The aim of this article is to design a Control and Indicating Equipment which can be implemented into commercially made Personal Computer as expansion card. The designed card provides the main function of the Intruder Alarm system which can be further extended by other applications. The system consists of external communication like Universal Serial Bus, Ethernet and General Packet Radio Service interface. Each individual part of the system is driven by a single microcontroller ATmega328P which can handle communication and evaluation of the current state obtained by devices connected to it. The design can offer all alarm and non-alarm visualization of smart control like irrigation, lights control, audio system, etc. The whole design is driven by the proper standardization and the design consists of every schematic which comes with the explanation. © 2020, Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science. All rights reserved.

The aim of this article is to design the Integrated Alarm System for the Kindergartens which can handle Alarm, Access and Attendance application by a common system. A similar system is not available on the market yet and there are an opportunity and interest for integrated systems. This article is focused on the kindergartens as a soft target where also Access and Attendance system is needed. Due to this demand, the new concept of the Integrated Alarm System was designed. The main-board consists of three independent microcontrollers where each microcontroller is responsible for one application. The Attendance and Alarm part are prepared for the components which are using the bus connection by the RS-232 or RS-485. The system also has an Ethernet and GPRS interface for outside communication and connection. Each part of the system and the schematic part come with a detailed explanation of the components.

This article deals with the creation of a digital twin for an experimental assembly system based on a belt conveyor system and an automatized line for quality production check. The point of interest is a Bowden holder assembly from a 3D printer, which consists of a stepper motor, plastic components, and some fastener parts. The assembly was positioned in a fixture with ultra high frequency (UHF) tags and internet of things (IoT) devices for identification of status and position. The main task was parts identification and inspection, with the synchronization of all data to a digital twin model. The inspection system consisted of an industrial vision system for dimension, part presence, and errors check before and after assembly operation. A digital twin is realized as a 3D model, created in CAD design software (CDS) and imported to a Tecnomatix platform to simulate all processes. Data from the assembly system were collected by a programmable logic controller (PLC) system and were synchronized by an open platform communications (OPC) server to a digital twin model and a cloud platform (CP). Digital twins can visualize the real status of a manufacturing system as 3D simulation with real time actualization. Cloud platforms are used for data mining and knowledge representation in timeline graphs, with some alarms and automatized protocol generation. Virtual digital twins can be used for online optimization of an assembly process without the necessity to stop that is involved in a production line. © 2020 by the authors.

This study's goal was to describe the influence of a wide range of ionizing beta radiation upon the changes in surface layer mechanical properties and structural modifications of selected types of polymer. Radiation crosslinking is a process whereby the impingement of high-energy electrons adjusts test sample structures, thus enhancing the useful properties of the material, e.g., hardness, wear-resistance, and creep, in order that they may function properly during their technical use. The selected polymers tested were polyolefin polymers like polyethylene (Low-density polyethylene LDPE, High-density polyethylene HDPE). These samples underwent exposure to electron radiation of differing dosages (33, 66, 99, 132, 165, and 198 kGy). After the crosslinking process, the samples underwent testing of the nano-mechanical properties of their surface layers. This was done by means of a state-of-the-art indentation technique, i.e., depth-sensing indentation (DSI), which detects the immediate change in the indentation depth associated with the applied force. Indeed, the results indicated that the optimal radiation dosage increased the mechanical properties by up to 57%; however, the beneficial levels of radiation varied with each material. Furthermore, these modifications faced examination from the structural perspective. For this purpose, a gel test, Raman spectroscopy, and crystalline portion determination by X-ray all confirmed the assumed trends. © 2020 by the authors.

The contact glass-break detector is very often marked as very unreliable and these models are not very popular in a security application. The aim of this article is to find out the bottleneck of the glass-break detectors and try to improve their functionality and reliability. The main function is based on the vibration caused by the impact on the glass panel and these vibrations are detected by the detector. However, the biggest issue is the absorption of the vibration by the glass panels and the plastic windows itself. This article should show the vibration transfer difference between the inner and outer glass panels in the multi-chamber window. This experiment should be done according to the current standardization by the two accelerometers on each side of the window. The results should be used for the further improvement of the design and reliability of the contact glass-break detectors on the market. © 2020 Danube Adria Association for Automation and Manufacturing, DAAAM. All rights reserved.