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THIS is the first report by the Small Animal Veterinary Surveillance Network (SAVSNET) to collate key companion animal health surveillance findings since the start of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. The report outlines the impact of SARS-CoV-2 on UK companion animal consultation volume, summarises syndromic surveillance events, comments on our current understanding of SARS-CoV-2 in companion animal species and looks globally to other notable companion animal disease events during these times. More detail on the impact of SARS-CoV-2 on UK companion animal practice is available on the SAVSNET website.1

La quimioterapia es un tratamiento para el cáncer, sin embargo, causa algunos efectos secundarios como náuseas y vómito. Más del 80% de los pacientes experimentan vómitos después de la quimioterapia. Objetivo: Determinar el efecto de la aromaterapia en el control del vomito en pacientes con cáncer de mama que reciben quimioterapia altamente emetizante. Metodología: Se realizó un ensayo clínico doble ciego, con un total de 70 pacientes, 35 pacientes conformaron el grupo control y 35 el grupo intervención, seleccionados de manera aleatoria, se empleó como instrumento de medición el cuestionario de la Asociación de Apoyo en Cáncer (MASCC). Resultados: El resultado mostró que la frecuencia del vomito en los pacientes que inhalan aceite esencial de menta es igual a la frecuencia de vomito de los pacientes que inhalan alcohol isopropilico. Conclusión: El aceite esencial de menta como el alcohol isopropilico pueden ser utilizados como terapia alternativa para el control del vomito en los pacientes que reciben quimioterapia altamente emetizante. Sin embargo, se observó que hubo diferencia estadísticamente significativa en la frecuencia de la temperatura durante la administración del aceite esencial de menta. Mujeres adultas con cáncer de mama Chemotherapy is a treatment for cancer, however, it cause some side effects such as nausea and vomiting. More than 80% of patients experience vomiting after chemotherapy. Objective: Determine the effect of aromatherapy on the control of vomiting in patients with breast cancer who receive highly emetic chemotherapy. Methodology: A double-blind clinical trial was carried out, with a total of 70 patients, 35 patients formed the control group and 35 the intervention group, randomly selected, the cancer support association questionnaire (MASCC) was used as a measuring instrument. Results: The result showed that the frequency of vomiting in patients who inhale peppermint essential oil is equal to the frequency of vomiting in patients who inhale isopropyl alcohol. Conclusion: Peppermint essential oil such as isopropyl alcohol can be used as an alternative therapy for the control of vomiting in patients receiving highly emetic chemotherapy. However, a statistically significant difference in temperatura frequency was observed during the administration of peppermint essential oil. Magíster en Enfermería Oncológica Maestría

Noroviruses are an important cause of gastroenteritis, which can be severe at the extremes of ages. Data documenting the endemic burden of norovirus among children and elderly adults are lacking. Stool specimens submitted for clinical testing were collected from elderly (≥ 65 years) adults and children (

Mechanical obstruction is a frequent cause of acute vomiting in dogs requiring prompt diagnosis to improve patient management and prognosis. The purpose of this retrospective study was to compare small intestinal radiographic characteristics in dogs with versus without mechanical intestinal obstruction. Fifty dogs with gastrointestinal clinical signs and abdominal radiographs were recruited from hospital record archives and assigned to groups (group 1, obstructive, n = 25; group 2, nonobstructive n = 25). Abdominal radiographs were randomized and independently interpreted by three examiners who were unaware of group status. Intestinal dilation was subjectively scored based on distribution (segmental, regional or diffuse), and severity (absent, mild, moderate or severe). Small intestinal maximal diameter (SImax), L5 vertebral body height, small intestinal minimal diameter (SImin), and an estimated average of small intestinal diameters (SIave) were measured and three ratios were calculated: SImax/L5, SImax/SImin, and SImax/SIave. Segmental dilation was more prevalent in obstructed dogs for all examiners (P ≤ 0.03) and most nonobstructed dogs had no dilation (P ≤ 0.05). All ratios were higher in obstructed dogs (P < 0.002). Subjective dilation scores and ratio measurements had low interobserver agreement (absent to fair, with kappa values between -0.06 and 0.57) and reproducibility (coefficients of 0.35-0.61). Findings indicated that dogs with SImax/L5 ≤ 1.4, SImax/SImin ≤ 2, and SImax/SIave ≤ 1.3 values are very unlikely to be mechanically obstructed; dogs with SImax/L5 ≥ 2.4, SImax/SImin ≥ 3.4 and SImax/SIave ≥ 1.9 are very likely obstructed, particularly if segmental dilation (less than 25% of the small intestine) is present. Dogs with ratios falling between these thresholds may need further testing unless other signs justify surgical exploration or endoscopy.

Vomiting appears to be common in cats and dogs, although the actual frequency is unknown. Many cases of uncomplicated, non-severe, acute vomiting are not presented to veterinary practices. One study estimated that, among dogs presented for vaccination, about 1·8 per cent of animals had vomited during the previous two weeks. Another study based on owner questionnaires reported that 18·9 per cent of dogs vomited in the two weeks after receiving the questionnaire; only 5 per cent of these were presented to a veterinary surgeon. The clinical importance of vomiting stems from its association with a large and varied group of diseases, and the potentially life-threatening consequences of vomiting, such as aspiration pneumonia, fluid and electrolyte depletion, acid-base derangement and oesophagitis. This article describes a diagnostic approach to vomiting in dogs and cats, and provides guidance on how to decide whether an animal requires medical or surgical intervention.

A 5-year-old exotic shorthaired cat presented with a 24 hour history of acute vomiting, depression and inappetence. A case of acute urine failure and its treatment are described.

Topal A., M. Kaya, N. Gul: Ondansetron and Granisetron in the Prophylaxis of Nausea and Emesis Induced by Cisplatin in Dogs. Acta Vet. Brno 2005, 74: 111-116. In the present study, the effects of 5-HT3 receptor antagonist granisetron and ondansetron on the acute phase of cisplatin-induced nausea and emesis were analyzed in dogs. Fifteen healty dogs were used in this study. Cisplatin was administrated to all dogs to induce nausea and vomiting. All dogs that received cisplatin (3 mg/kg IV) were observed continuously for 8 h. Five dogs administered only cisplatin acted as controls. Cisplatin induced emetic response and nausea was detected in the controls. Ondansetron (1 mg/kg IV) and granisetron (60 µg/kg IV) were administered to the other animals 30 min. before cisplatin administration. Although acute vomiting was significantly inhibited by ondansetron and granisetron, granisetron was found more effective on the nausea. It was concluded that both ondansetron and granisetron are effective in the control of cisplatininduced vomiting in dogs, but granisetron is more effective than ondansetron in the inhibition of cisplatin-induced nausea in dogs. 5-HT3 receptor antagonist, vomiting, emetic response, canine

A Yorkshire terrier (case 1) and a Miniature Schnauzer (case 2) were diagnosed with pylorogastric intussusceptions (PGIs). Both cases showed acute vomiting and had previous histories of laparotomy. In case 1, the invaginated pyloric wall was thickened unevenly containing multiple hypoechoic areas and had indistinct wall layering on ultrasonography. PGI with diffuse gastric edema and necrosis was confirmed on laparotomy. The dog recovered completely after gastrectomy and a Y-U plasty. Case 2 had uniformly thickened walls of invaginated gastric pylorus with the distinct wall layering. PGI was reduced spontaneously the next day.

An eight-year-old, neutered male, domestic shorthair cat was referred with a four-day history of acute vomiting. Hypercalcemia was identified on serum biochemical testing. Thoracic radiographs showed multiple pulmonary nodular densities. Postmortem and histopathological examination identified the nodules as bronchogenic adenocarcinoma with metastases to the tracheobronchial lymph nodes, diaphragm, and parietal pleura. To the authors' knowledge, this is the first reported case of hypercalcemia of malignancy associated with bronchogenic adenocarcinoma in a cat.

A 39-year-old woman with severe learning disability was admitted with vomiting of 7 days’ duration. It was gradually becoming worse (seven to eight times per day) prior to admission. The vomitus initially contained …

Following a binge of country-made liquor, a 34-year-old man developed acute vomiting and three days later progressive loss of vision in both eyes over the next five days. There was no alteration in consciousness or any focal neurological deficits. He received high doses of vitamin B12 and corticosteroids for two weeks …

In this article, we describe a 5- year-old girl who presented to an emergency department with 1 day of vomiting, mental status changes and decreased activity. Imaging studies revealed a mass in the optic chiasm which had haemorrhaged into her ventricles causing acute hydrocephalus. This case highlights the diligence and broad differential one must have when evaluating a child presenting with a sole complaint of vomiting.

NHS organisations in England are playing down the extent of the current outbreak of norovirus infection. The highly contagious infection, which causes acute vomiting and diarrhoea, has resulted in the closure of some hospital wards across the country, and the number of laboratory confirmed infections is at its highest since 2002. But a spokeswoman for the Health Protection Agency said that this rise was partly due to the introduction of a more sensitive test for norovirus, which had been rolled out across all testing sites last year. “The season did start uncharacteristically early this year, with a …

In Reply .—Drs Robson and Leung's analysis of our findings is most welcome. As they correctly point out, chronic states associated with increased aldosterone levels will not result in alkaline urine. This decreases the number of possible causes of alkaline urine in our patients, allowing us to concentrate on fewer possible causes, including recent acute vomiting, "alkaline tide," alkaline-ash diet, and osteoporosis. We appreciate their contribution and hope to use this information in further studies of this phenomenon.

The anti-emetic effects of domperidone were evaluated under double-blind conditions in twenty-four patients with acute vomiting randomly assigned to treatment either with 10 mg i.m. domperidone (six females, five males) or with placebo (seven females, six males). The therapeutic results were better with domperidone and the differences from placebo were statistically significant (p < 0.02). In a second randomized, crossover, double-blind trial, domperidone (10 mg t.i.d.) evaluated according to a nine-symptom rating scale, in eighteen dyspeptic patients, proved significantly more effective than placebo. The duration of treatment was 6 weeks and the drugs were crossed-over after 3 weeks. The difference between the two groups was most marked during the second phase of the trial. No side-effects were reported.

An unusual form of acute food-poisoning due to copper sulphate in the water of an unserviced gas hot-water geyser is described. The morning tea brewed with the water caused acute vomiting and diarrhoea in twenty workmen. It is conceivable that unless care is taken to prevent copper corrosion in water heaters, the amount of copper in drinking-water could be raised. Though this contamination may not cause symptoms initially, copper ions could be built up in the human body over a long period and be a source of ill health.