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1. Exploring the Changing Modes of Learning and Teaching in Campus-Based Curricula during and Post-COVID-19

Author

Aisling Keane, Kathyrn McFerran, Blaise Acton, Samantha Taylor, and Declan McLaughlin

Abstract

The rise in technology-rich learning environments is reflective of a global trend in higher education (HE), recently accelerated because of necessary digital teaching and assessment practices embraced during the COVID-19 pandemic. This qualitative study facilitated through focus groups and an interview explores the teaching and learning experiences of tertiary level students in the COVID-19 era. Data from 24 students based within a UK Higher Education Institution highlights how an expanded digital environment can optimise conditions for some students to independently practise and apply what they are learning at their own pace. Digitally enhanced opportunities to interact with teaching staff and learning resources also increased the options for these students to experience themselves as competent members of the HE community. This was particularly relevant for first-year students new to the processes and practices of tertiary education. In contrast, third year students with more experience of HE appeared less reliant on the provision of online learning resources. Participants also identified some potential problems associated with the enhanced flexibility of online teaching and learning resources in relation to students' ability to be self-regulated. This paper rationalises the need for educators and educational and learning developers who teach and undertake scholarship in teaching and learning to consider the sociocultural context of the student and their learning environment when designing teaching activities and curricula. The data presented here highlight the need for a clearly defined framework to underpin the integration of digital technologies with on-campus activities.

Published
2024

2. TOI-2490b- The most eccentric brown dwarf transiting in the brown dwarf desert

Author

Henderson, Beth A., Casewell, Sarah L., Jordán, Andrés, Brahm, Rafael, Henning, Thomas, Gill, Samuel, Mayorga, L. C., Ziegler, Carl, Stassun, Keivan G., Goad, Michael R., Acton, Jack, Alves, Douglas R., Anderson, David R., Apergis, Ioannis, Armstrong, David J., Bayliss, Daniel, Burleigh, Matthew R., Dragomir, Diana, Gillen, Edward, Günther, Maximilian N., Hedges, Christina, Hesse, Katharine M., Hobson, Melissa J., Jenkins, James S., Jenkins, Jon M., Kendall, Alicia, Lendl, Monika, Lund, Michael B., McCormac, James, Moyano, Maximiliano, Osborn, Ares, Pinto, Marcelo Tala, Ramsay, Gavin, Rapetti, David, Saha, Suman, Seager, Sara, Trifonov, Trifon, Udry, Stéphane, Vines, Jose I., West, Richard G., Wheatley, Peter J., Winn, Joshua N., and Zivave, Tafadzwa

Subjects
Astrophysics - Earth and Planetary Astrophysics, Astrophysics - Solar and Stellar Astrophysics
Abstract

We report the discovery of the most eccentric transiting brown dwarf in the brown dwarf desert, TOI02490b. The brown dwarf desert is the lack of brown dwarfs around main sequence stars within $\sim3$~AU and is thought to be caused by differences in formation mechanisms between a star and planet. To date, only $\sim40$ transiting brown dwarfs have been confirmed. \systemt is a $73.6\pm2.4$ \mjupnospace, $1.00\pm0.02$ \rjup brown dwarf orbiting a $1.004_{-0.022}^{+0.031}$ \msunnospace, $1.105_{-0.012}^{+0.012}$ \rsun sun-like star on a 60.33~d orbit with an eccentricity of $0.77989\pm0.00049$. The discovery was detected within \tess sectors 5 (30 minute cadence) and 32 (2 minute and 20 second cadence). It was then confirmed with 31 radial velocity measurements with \feros by the WINE collaboration and photometric observations with the Next Generation Transit Survey. Stellar modelling of the host star estimates an age of $\sim8$~Gyr, which is supported by estimations from kinematics likely placing the object within the thin disc. However, this is not consistent with model brown dwarf isochrones for the system age suggesting an inflated radius. Only one other transiting brown dwarf with an eccentricity higher than 0.6 is currently known in the brown dwarf desert. Demographic studies of brown dwarfs have suggested such high eccentricity is indicative of stellar formation mechanisms., Comment: Accepted for publication in MNRAS, 18 pages, 14 figures

Published
2024

3. Deep Temporal Sequence Classification and Mathematical Modeling for Cell Tracking in Dense 3D Microscopy Videos of Bacterial Biofilms

Author

Toma, Tanjin Taher, Wang, Yibo, Gahlmann, Andreas, and Acton, Scott T.

Subjects
Electrical Engineering and Systems Science - Image and Video Processing, Computer Science - Machine Learning
Abstract

Automatic cell tracking in dense environments is plagued by inaccurate correspondences and misidentification of parent-offspring relationships. In this paper, we introduce a novel cell tracking algorithm named DenseTrack, which integrates deep learning with mathematical model-based strategies to effectively establish correspondences between consecutive frames and detect cell division events in crowded scenarios. We formulate the cell tracking problem as a deep learning-based temporal sequence classification task followed by solving a constrained one-to-one matching optimization problem exploiting the classifier's confidence scores. Additionally, we present an eigendecomposition-based cell division detection strategy that leverages knowledge of cellular geometry. The performance of the proposed approach has been evaluated by tracking densely packed cells in 3D time-lapse image sequences of bacterial biofilm development. The experimental results on simulated as well as experimental fluorescence image sequences suggest that the proposed tracking method achieves superior performance in terms of both qualitative and quantitative evaluation measures compared to recent state-of-the-art cell tracking approaches.

Published
2024

4. A Semantic and Motion-Aware Spatiotemporal Transformer Network for Action Detection

Author

Korban, Matthew, Youngs, Peter, and Acton, Scott T.

Subjects
Computer Science - Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition
Abstract

This paper presents a novel spatiotemporal transformer network that introduces several original components to detect actions in untrimmed videos. First, the multi-feature selective semantic attention model calculates the correlations between spatial and motion features to model spatiotemporal interactions between different action semantics properly. Second, the motion-aware network encodes the locations of action semantics in video frames utilizing the motion-aware 2D positional encoding algorithm. Such a motion-aware mechanism memorizes the dynamic spatiotemporal variations in action frames that current methods cannot exploit. Third, the sequence-based temporal attention model captures the heterogeneous temporal dependencies in action frames. In contrast to standard temporal attention used in natural language processing, primarily aimed at finding similarities between linguistic words, the proposed sequence-based temporal attention is designed to determine both the differences and similarities between video frames that jointly define the meaning of actions. The proposed approach outperforms the state-of-the-art solutions on four spatiotemporal action datasets: AVA 2.2, AVA 2.1, UCF101-24, and EPIC-Kitchens., Comment: IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence (2024)

Published
2024
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5. Influence of the density gradient on turbulent heat transport at ion-scales: an inter-machine study with the gyrokinetic code stella

Author

Thienpondt, H, García-Regaña, JM, Calvo, I, Acton, G, and Barnes, M

Subjects
Physics - Plasma Physics
Abstract

Efficient control of turbulent heat transport is crucial for magnetic confinement fusion reactors. This work discusses the complex interplay between density gradients and micro-instabilities, shedding light on their impact on turbulent heat transport in different fusion devices. In particular, the influence of density gradients on turbulent heat transport is investigated through an extensive inter-machine study, including various stellarators such as W7-X, LHD, TJ-II and NCSX, along with the Asdex-Upgrade tokamak and the tokamak geometry of the Cyclone Base Case (CBC). Linear and nonlinear simulations are performed employing the $\delta$f-gyrokinetic code stella across a wide range of parameters to explore the effects of density gradients, temperature gradients, and kinetic electrons. A strong reduction in ion heat flux with increasing density gradients is found in NCSX and W7-X due to the stabilization of temperature-gradient-driven modes without significantly destabilizing density-gradient-driven modes. In contrast, the tokamaks exhibit an increase in ion heat flux with density gradients. Notably, the behavior of ion heat fluxes in stellarators does not align with that of linear growth rates. Additionally, this study provides physical insights into the micro-instabilities, emphasizing the dominance of trapped-electron-modes in CBC, AUG, TJ-II, LHD and NCSX, while both the trapped-electron-mode and the passing-particle-driven universal instability contribute significantly in W7-X., Comment: 26 pages, 30 figures

Published
2024

6. Optimisation of Gyrokinetic Microstability Using Adjoint Methods

Author

Acton, Georgia, Barnes, Michael, Newton, Sarah, and Thienpondt, Hanne

Subjects
Physics - Plasma Physics
Abstract

Microinstabilities drive turbulent fluctuations in inhomogeneous, magnetized plasmas. In the context of magnetic confinement fusion devices, this leads to an enhanced transport of particles, momentum, and energy, thereby degrading confinement. In this work, we elaborate on the application of the adjoint method to efficiently determine the variation of linear growth rates for plasma microstabilities concerning a general set of external parameters within the local $\delta \! f$-gyrokinetic model. We then offer numerical verification of this approach. When coupled with gradient-based techniques, this methodology can facilitate the optimization process for the microstability of the confined plasmas across a high-dimensional parameter space. We present a numerical demonstration wherein the ion-temperature gradient (ITG) instability growth rate in a tokamak plasma is minimized with respect to flux surface shaping parameters. The adjoint method approach demonstrates a significant computational speed-up compared to a finite-difference gradient calculation.

Published
2024

7. NGTS-28Ab: A short period transiting brown dwarf

Author

Henderson, Beth A., Casewell, Sarah L., Goad, Michael R., Acton, Jack S., Günther, Maximilian N., Nielsen, Louise D., Burleigh, Matthew R., Belardi, Claudia, Tilbrook, Rosanna H., Turner, Oliver, Howell, Steve B., Clark, Catherine A., Littlefield, Colin, Barkaoui, Khalid, Alves, Douglas R., Anderson, David R., Bayliss, Daniel, Bouchy, Francois, Bryant, Edward M., Dransfield, George, Ducrot, Elsa, Eigmüller, Philipp, Gill, Samuel, Gillen, Edward, Gillon, Michaël, Hawthorn, Faith, Hooton, Matthew J., Jackman, James A. G., Jehin, Emmanuel, Jenkins, James S., Kendall, Alicia, Lendl, Monika, McCormac, James, Moyano, Maximiliano, Pedersen, Peter Pihlmann, Pozuelos, Francisco J., Ramsay, Gavin, Sefako, Ramotholo R., Timmermans, Mathilde, Triaud, Amaury H. M. J., Udry, Stephane, Vines, Jose I., Watson, Christopher A., West, Richard G., Wheatley, Peter J., and Zúñiga-Fernández, Sebastián

Subjects
Astrophysics - Earth and Planetary Astrophysics, Astrophysics - Solar and Stellar Astrophysics
Abstract

We report the discovery of a brown dwarf orbiting a M1 host star. We first identified the brown dwarf within the Next Generation Transit Survey data, with supporting observations found in TESS sectors 11 and 38. We confirmed the discovery with follow-up photometry from the South African Astronomical Observatory, SPECULOOS-S, and TRAPPIST-S, and radial velocity measurements from HARPS, which allowed us to characterise the system. We find an orbital period of ~1.25 d, a mass of 69.0+5.3-4.8 MJ, close to the Hydrogen burning limit, and a radius of 0.95 +- 0.05 RJ. We determine the age to be >0.5 Gyr, using model isochrones, which is found to be in agreement with SED fitting within errors. NGTS-28Ab is one of the shortest period systems found within the brown dwarf desert, as well as one of the highest mass brown dwarfs that transits an M dwarf. This makes NGTS-28Ab another important discovery within this scarcely populated region., Comment: 20 pages (inc. appendices), 16 figures, accepted for publication in MNRAS

Published
2024

9. The clairvoyant ma\^{i}tre d'

Author

Acton, Reed, Petersen, T. Kyle, Shirman, Blake, and Tenner, Bridget Eileen

Subjects
Mathematics - Combinatorics
Abstract

In this paper we study a variant of the Malicious Ma\^{i}tre d' problem. This problem, attributed to computer scientist Rob Pike in Peter Winkler's book "Mathematical Puzzles: A Connoisseur's Collection", involves seating diners around a circular table with napkins placed between each pair of adjacent settings. The goal of the ma\^{i}tre d' is to seat the diners in a way that maximizes the number of diners who arrive at the table to find the napkins on both the left and right of their place already taken by their neighbors. Previous work described a seating algorithm in which the ma\^{i}tre d' expects to force about 18% of the diners to be napkinless. In this paper, we show that if the ma\^{i}tre d' learns each diner's preference for the right or left napkin before they are placed at the table, this expectation jumps to nearly $1/3$ (and converges to $1/3$ as the table size gets large). Moreover, our strategy is optimal for every sequence of diners' preferences., Comment: 19 pages, 7 figures

Published
2024

10. SDDPM: Speckle Denoising Diffusion Probabilistic Models

Author

Guha, Soumee and Acton, Scott T.

Subjects
Electrical Engineering and Systems Science - Image and Video Processing
Abstract

Coherent imaging systems, such as medical ultrasound and synthetic aperture radar (SAR), are subject to corruption from speckle due to sub-resolution scatterers. Since speckle is multiplicative in nature, the constituent image regions become corrupted to different extents. The task of denoising such images requires algorithms specifically designed for removing signal-dependent noise. This paper proposes a novel image denoising algorithm for removing signal-dependent multiplicative noise with diffusion models, called Speckle Denoising Diffusion Probabilistic Models (SDDPM). We derive the mathematical formulations for the forward process, the reverse process, and the training objective. In the forward process, we apply multiplicative noise to a given image and prove that the forward process is Gaussian. We show that the reverse process is also Gaussian and the final training objective can be expressed as the Kullback Leibler (KL) divergence between the forward and reverse processes. As derived in the paper, the final denoising task is a single step process, thereby reducing the denoising time significantly. We have trained our model with natural land-use images and ultrasound images for different noise levels. Extensive experiments centered around two different applications show that SDDPM is robust and performs significantly better than the comparative models even when the images are severely corrupted., Comment: 12 pages, 12 figures

Published
2023

11. Reinventing EdD Research Methods Courses: Elevating Traditional Teaching with Transformative Learning

Author

Karen S. Acton

Abstract

The education doctorate program fills an essential niche that allows practitioners to earn a doctorate and make a difference in educational practice and policy. However, critics claim EdD programs are failing to effectively prepare students. There has been a push for the reinvention of the EdD which includes improving EdD student confidence in their ability to undertake research. This calls for a redesign of research methods courses and purposefully grounding them in adult learning theory. The framework of transformative learning can foster higher-order learning by including key components such as critical reflection, collaborative dialogue, and awareness of context. This article shares a transformative learning model used to redevelop an EdD research methods course that emphasised self-reflective tasks such as identity memos, research design maps, and cognitive interviews. This learner-centred, constructivist approach resulted in positive learning outcomes including increased student confidence and enhanced practical knowledge and research skills.

Published
2023

14. Transit Timing Variations in the three-planet system: TOI-270

Author

Kaye, Laurel, Vissapragada, Shreyas, Gunther, Maximilian N., Aigrain, Suzanne, Mikal-Evans, Thomas, Jensen, Eric L. N., Parviainen, Hannu, Pozuelos, Francisco J., Abe, Lyu, Acton, Jack S., Agabi, Abdelkrim, Alves, Douglas R., Anderson, David R., Armstrong, David J., Barkaoui, Khalid, Barragan, Oscar, Benneke, Bjorn, yd, Patricia T. Bo, Brahm, Rafael, Bruni, Ivan, Bryant, Edward M., Burleigh, Matthew R., Casewell, Sarah L., Ciardi, David, Cloutier, Ryan, Collins, Karen A., Collins, Kevin I., Conti, Dennis M., Crossfield, Ian J. M., Crouzet, Nicolas, Daylan, Tansu, Dragomir, Diana, Dransfield, Georgina, abrycky, Daniel F, Fausnaugh, Michael, Fuuresz, Gabor, Gan, Tianjun, Gill, Samuel, Gillon, Michael, Goad, Michael R, Gorjian, Varoujan, Greklek-McKeon, Michael, Guerrero, Natalia, Guillot, Tristan, Jehin, Emmanuel, Jenkins, J. S., Lendl, Monika, Kamler, Jacob, Kane, Stephen R., Kielkopf, John F., Kunimoto, Michelle, Marie-Sainte, Wenceslas, McCormac, James, Mekarnia, Djamel, Morales, Farisa Y., Moyano, Maximiliano, Palle, Enric, Parmentier, Vivien, Relles, Howard M., Schmider, Francois-Xavier, Schwarz, Richard P., Seager, S., Smith, Alexis M. S., Tan, Thiam-Guan, Taylor, Jake, Triaud, Amaury H. M. J., Twicken, Joseph D., Udry, Stephane, Vines, J. I., Wang, Gavin, Wheatley, Peter J., and Winn, Joshua N.

Subjects
Astrophysics - Earth and Planetary Astrophysics
Abstract

We present ground and space-based photometric observations of TOI-270 (L231-32), a system of three transiting planets consisting of one super-Earth and two sub-Neptunes discovered by TESS around a bright (K-mag=8.25) M3V dwarf. The planets orbit near low-order mean-motion resonances (5:3 and 2:1), and are thus expected to exhibit large transit timing variations (TTVs). Following an extensive observing campaign using 8 different observatories between 2018 and 2020, we now report a clear detection of TTVs for planets c and d, with amplitudes of $\sim$10 minutes and a super-period of $\sim$3 years, as well as significantly refined estimates of the radii and mean orbital periods of all three planets. Dynamical modeling of the TTVs alone puts strong constraints on the mass ratio of planets c and d and on their eccentricities. When incorporating recently published constraints from radial velocity observations, we obtain masses of $M_{\mathrm{b}}=1.48\pm0.18\,M_\oplus$, $M_{c}=6.20\pm0.31\,M_\oplus$ and $M_{\mathrm{d}}=4.20\pm0.16\,M_\oplus$ for planets b, c and d, respectively. We also detect small, but significant eccentricities for all three planets : $e_\mathrm{b} =0.0167\pm0.0084$, $e_{c} =0.0044\pm0.0006$ and $e_{d} = 0.0066\pm0.0020$. Our findings imply an Earth-like rocky composition for the inner planet, and Earth-like cores with an additional He/H$_2$O atmosphere for the outer two. TOI-270 is now one of the best-constrained systems of small transiting planets, and it remains an excellent target for atmospheric characterization., Comment: 22 pages, 7 figures

Published
2023
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15. Low protein diet protects the liver from Salmonella Typhimurium-mediated injury by modulating the mTOR/autophagy axis in macrophages

Author

Edyta E. Wojtowicz, Katherine Hampton, Mar Moreno-Gonzalez, Charlotte L. Utting, Yuxuan Lan, Paula Ruiz, Gemma Beasy, Caitlin Bone, Charlotte Hellmich, Rebecca Maynard, Luke Acton, Matthew Markham, Linda Troeberg, Andrea Telatin, Robert A. Kingsley, Iain C. Macaulay, Stuart A. Rushworth, and Naiara Beraza

Subjects
Biology (General), QH301-705.5
Abstract

Abstract Western diets are the underlying cause of metabolic and liver diseases. Recent trend to limit the consumption of protein-rich animal products has become more prominent. This dietary change entails decreased protein consumption; however, it is still unknown how this affects innate immunity. Here, we studied the influence of a low protein diet (LPD) on the liver response to bacterial infection in mice. We found that LPD protects from Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium (S. Typhimurium)-induced liver damage. Bulk and single-cell RNA sequencing of murine liver cells showed reduced inflammation and upregulation of autophagy-related genes in myeloid cells in mice fed with LPD after S. Typhimurium infection. Mechanistically, we found reduced activation of the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway, whilst increased phagocytosis and activation of autophagy in LPD-programmed macrophages. We confirmed these observations in phagocytosis and mTOR activation in metabolically programmed human peripheral blood monocyte-derived macrophages. Together, our results support the causal role of dietary components on the fitness of the immune system.

Published
2024
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16. Optogenetic induction of mechanical muscle stress identifies myosin regulatory ubiquitin ligase NHL-1 in C. elegans

Author

Carl Elias Kutzner, Karen Carolyn Bauer, Jan-Wilm Lackmann, Richard James Acton, Anwesha Sarkar, Wojciech Pokrzywa, and Thorsten Hoppe

Subjects
Science
Abstract

Abstract Mechanical stress during muscle contraction is a constant threat to proteome integrity. However, there is a lack of experimental systems to identify critical proteostasis regulators under mechanical stress conditions. Here, we present the transgenic Caenorhabditis elegans model OptIMMuS (Optogenetic Induction of Mechanical Muscle Stress) to study changes in the proteostasis network associated with mechanical forces. Repeated blue light exposure of a muscle-expressed Chlamydomonas rheinhardii channelrhodopsin-2 variant results in sustained muscle contraction and mechanical stress. Using OptIMMuS, combined with proximity labeling and mass spectrometry, we identify regulators that cooperate with the myosin-directed chaperone UNC-45 in muscle proteostasis. One of these is the TRIM E3 ligase NHL-1, which interacts with UNC-45 and muscle myosin in genetic epistasis and co-immunoprecipitation experiments. We provide evidence that the ubiquitylation activity of NHL-1 regulates myosin levels and functionality under mechanical stress. In the future, OptIMMuS will help to identify muscle-specific proteostasis regulators of therapeutic relevance.

Published
2024
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17. The Acquisition of the Passive Voice in Northern East Cree

Author

Ryan E. Henke, Julie Brittain, Kamil U. Deen, and Sara Acton

Abstract

This article analyzes the acquisition of the passive voice in Northern East (NE) Cree and pays particular attention to the interaction of frequency effects and language-specific cues in the way children form and employ expectations, the process of anticipating oncoming structure in the ambient language. The passive has long been of interest in first-language acquisition, and expectations may play a role in the reported challenges acquiring the passive in languages such as English. We present two studies analyzing approximately 24 hours of naturalistic video recordings involving one adult and two children: Daisy (age 3;08-5;11) and Billy (4;06-5;10). Study 1 examines the passive voice in child-directed speech (CDS). CDS employs passive verbs frequently, at rates much higher than what has been reported for other languages. Passives also typically occur without overt arguments and most often are derived from verbs with two animate participants. Study 2 traces the acquisition of the passive by Daisy and Billy. Daisy demonstrates productivity with all three passive suffixes by age 3;11. Billy's recordings begin at a later age, and he shows productivity with suffixes -naaniu at 4;06, -ikiwi at 4;10, and -ikiniw at 5;05. Both children produce passives at rates much higher than what has been reported in child speech for other languages. They also most frequently produce passives without overt arguments, and they show no difficulties passivizing verbs with two animate arguments. These results expand the typological purview of passives research and shed additional light on the role of expectations in acquiring the passive voice. The combination of high frequency and particular structural characteristics for the passive voice in Cree CDS allows children to build expectations differing greatly from those of children acquiring languages such as English. In turn, children acquiring NE Cree do not show the same difficulties in acquiring the passive voice.

Published
2024
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18. Students with Disabilities' Perceptions of School Climate: A Systematic Review

Author

Steven M. Hunt, Kisha M. Radliff, Christopher Acton, Alenna Bible, and Laurice M. Joseph

Abstract

School climate has been identified as a critical systemic variable associated with many desirable academic and social-emotional outcomes. However, little research has been conducted regarding the students with disabilities' perceptions of school climate. This review aimed to investigate and synthesize the existing research on this topic to identify trends in the literature, guide future research, and inform intervention and reform. Following a systematic search of four major databases, 12 studies were determined to meet the inclusion criteria. Generally, students with disabilities reported more negative perceptions of school climate in comparison to peers without disabilities. However, when an intersectional lens was applied to discern this population's perspectives, a more nuanced understanding of school climate was able to be identified. This approach suggests evaluating school climate data in a disaggregated form may better inform decision-making in schools. Future research regarding students with disabilities' perceptions of school climate and related outcomes is needed. This should include both a wider and more specified sample of students, what school climate subdomains are impacted and how, how these variables relate to school-related outcomes, and how school climate interventions specifically impact students with disabilities.

Published
2024
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19. Paraphrase Instruction to English Language Learners: Benefits from Strategy Use and Interaction

Author

Steven Dale Acton

Abstract

This study investigated how English language writers in a Chinese university were able to paraphrase following instruction with an online module. Participants were separated into two groups: Group A (Individuals) and Group B (Dyads). They were then trained and assessed in their ability to complete paraphrasing tasks with a pre and posttest. Prewriting collaboration between the dyads was collected and measured through participant notes and responses. Participants completed questionnaires after the training and posttests. All participants improved significantly from the use of the paraphrasing strategy. No significant difference (p = 0.337, 0.646, 0.509) was found between mean scores from the Training task and the Post task. This suggests that participants were able to produce more complete paraphrases than in the Pre task using the RAIWC strategy even without the step-by-step guidance that they had received in the training modules. [The dissertation citations contained here are published with the permission of ProQuest LLC. Further reproduction is prohibited without permission. Copies of dissertations may be obtained by Telephone (800) 1-800-521-0600. Web page: http://www.proquest.com/en-US/products/dissertations/individuals.shtml.]

Published
2024

20. A Multi-Modal Transformer Network for Action Detection

Author

Korban, Matthew, Acton, Scott T., and Youngs, Peter

Subjects
Computer Science - Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition
Abstract

This paper proposes a novel multi-modal transformer network for detecting actions in untrimmed videos. To enrich the action features, our transformer network utilizes a new multi-modal attention mechanism that computes the correlations between different spatial and motion modalities combinations. Exploring such correlations for actions has not been attempted previously. To use the motion and spatial modality more effectively, we suggest an algorithm that corrects the motion distortion caused by camera movement. Such motion distortion, common in untrimmed videos, severely reduces the expressive power of motion features such as optical flow fields. Our proposed algorithm outperforms the state-of-the-art methods on two public benchmarks, THUMOS14 and ActivityNet. We also conducted comparative experiments on our new instructional activity dataset, including a large set of challenging classroom videos captured from elementary schools.

Published
2023

21. TAA-GCN: A Temporally Aware Adaptive Graph Convolutional Network for Age Estimation

Author

Korban, Matthew, Young, Peter, and Acton, Scott T.

Subjects
Computer Science - Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition
Abstract

This paper proposes a novel age estimation algorithm, the Temporally-Aware Adaptive Graph Convolutional Network (TAA-GCN). Using a new representation based on graphs, the TAA-GCN utilizes skeletal, posture, clothing, and facial information to enrich the feature set associated with various ages. Such a novel graph representation has several advantages: First, reduced sensitivity to facial expression and other appearance variances; Second, robustness to partial occlusion and non-frontal-planar viewpoint, which is commonplace in real-world applications such as video surveillance. The TAA-GCN employs two novel components, (1) the Temporal Memory Module (TMM) to compute temporal dependencies in age; (2) Adaptive Graph Convolutional Layer (AGCL) to refine the graphs and accommodate the variance in appearance. The TAA-GCN outperforms the state-of-the-art methods on four public benchmarks, UTKFace, MORPHII, CACD, and FG-NET. Moreover, the TAA-GCN showed reliability in different camera viewpoints and reduced quality images.

Published
2023

22. Low protein diet protects the liver from Salmonella Typhimurium-mediated injury by modulating the mTOR/autophagy axis in macrophages

Author

Wojtowicz, Edyta E., Hampton, Katherine, Moreno-Gonzalez, Mar, Utting, Charlotte L., Lan, Yuxuan, Ruiz, Paula, Beasy, Gemma, Bone, Caitlin, Hellmich, Charlotte, Maynard, Rebecca, Acton, Luke, Markham, Matthew, Troeberg, Linda, Telatin, Andrea, Kingsley, Robert A., Macaulay, Iain C., Rushworth, Stuart A., and Beraza, Naiara

Published
2024
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24. Angiogenesis-associated pathways play critical roles in neonatal sepsis outcomes

Author

Fidanza, Mario, Hibbert, Julie, Acton, Erica, Harbeson, Danny, Schoeman, Elizna, Skut, Patrycja, Woodman, Tabitha, Eynaud, Adrien, Hartnell, Lucy, Brook, Byron, Cai, Bing, Lo, Mandy, Falsafi, Reza, Hancock, Robert E. W., Chiume-Kayuni, Msandeni, Lufesi, Norman, Popescu, Constantin R., Lavoie, Pascal M., Strunk, Tobias, Currie, Andrew J., Kollmann, Tobias R., Amenyogbe, Nelly, and Lee, Amy H.

Published
2024
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29. NGTS clusters survey IV. Search for Dipper stars in the Orion Nebular Cluster

Author

Moulton, Tyler, Hodgkin, Simon T, Smith, Gareth D, Briegal, Joshua T, Gillen, Edward, Acton, Jack S, Battley, Matthew P, Burleigh, Matthew R, Casewell, Sarah L, Gill, Samuel, Goad, Michael R, Henderson, Beth A, Kendall, Alicia, Ramsay, Gavin, Tilbrook, Rosanna H, and Wheatley, Peter J

Subjects
Astrophysics - Solar and Stellar Astrophysics, Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies
Abstract

The dipper is a novel class of young stellar object associated with large drops in flux on the order of 10 to 50 per cent lasting for hours to days. Too significant to arise from intrinsic stellar variability, these flux drops are currently attributed to disk warps, accretion streams, and/or transiting circumstellar dust. Dippers have been previously studied in young star forming regions including the Orion Complex. Using Next Generation Transit Survey (NGTS) data, we identified variable stars from their lightcurves. We then applied a machine learning random forest classifier for the identification of new dipper stars in Orion using previous variable classifications as a training set. We discover 120 new dippers, of which 83 are known members of the Complex. We also investigated the occurrence rate of disks in our targets, again using a machine learning approach. We find that all dippers have disks, and most of these are full disks. We use dipper periodicity and model-derived stellar masses to identify the orbital distance to the inner disk edge for dipper objects, confirming that dipper stars exhibit strongly extended sublimation radii, adding weight to arguments that the inner disk edge is further out than predicted by simple models. Finally, we determine a dipper fraction (the fraction of stars with disks which are dippers) for known members of 27.8 plus minus 2.9 per cent. Our findings represent the largest population of dippers identified in a single cluster to date., Comment: 28 pages, 34 figures

Published
2023
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30. The James Webb Space Telescope Mission

Author

Gardner, Jonathan P., Mather, John C., Abbott, Randy, Abell, James S., Abernathy, Mark, Abney, Faith E., Abraham, John G., Abraham, Roberto, Abul-Huda, Yasin M., Acton, Scott, Adams, Cynthia K., Adams, Evan, Adler, David S., Adriaensen, Maarten, Aguilar, Jonathan Albert, Ahmed, Mansoor, Ahmed, Nasif S., Ahmed, Tanjira, Albat, Rüdeger, Albert, Loïc, Alberts, Stacey, Aldridge, David, Allen, Mary Marsha, Allen, Shaune S., Altenburg, Martin, Altunc, Serhat, Alvarez, Jose Lorenzo, Álvarez-Márquez, Javier, de Oliveira, Catarina Alves, Ambrose, Leslie L., Anandakrishnan, Satya M., Andersen, Gregory C., Anderson, Harry James, Anderson, Jay, Anderson, Kristen, Anderson, Sara M., Aprea, Julio, Archer, Benita J., Arenberg, Jonathan W., Argyriou, Ioannis, Arribas, Santiago, Artigau, Étienne, Arvai, Amanda Rose, Atcheson, Paul, Atkinson, Charles B., Averbukh, Jesse, Aymergen, Cagatay, Bacinski, John J., Baggett, Wayne E., Bagnasco, Giorgio, Baker, Lynn L., Balzano, Vicki Ann, Banks, Kimberly A., Baran, David A., Barker, Elizabeth A., Barrett, Larry K., Barringer, Bruce O., Barto, Allison, Bast, William, Baudoz, Pierre, Baum, Stefi, Beatty, Thomas G., Beaulieu, Mathilde, Bechtold, Kathryn, Beck, Tracy, Beddard, Megan M., Beichman, Charles, Bellagama, Larry, Bely, Pierre, Berger, Timothy W., Bergeron, Louis E., Darveau-Bernier, Antoine, Bertch, Maria D., Beskow, Charlotte, Betz, Laura E., Biagetti, Carl P., Birkmann, Stephan, Bjorklund, Kurt F., Blackwood, James D., Blazek, Ronald Paul, Blossfeld, Stephen, Bluth, Marcel, Boccaletti, Anthony, Boegner Jr., Martin E., Bohlin, Ralph C., Boia, John Joseph, Böker, Torsten, Bonaventura, N., Bond, Nicholas A., Bosley, Kari Ann, Boucarut, Rene A., Bouchet, Patrice, Bouwman, Jeroen, Bower, Gary, Bowers, Ariel S., Bowers, Charles W., Boyce, Leslye A., Boyer, Christine T., Boyer, Martha L., Boyer, Michael, Boyer, Robert, Bradley, Larry D., Brady, Gregory R., Brandl, Bernhard R., Brannen, Judith L., Breda, David, Bremmer, Harold G., Brennan, David, Bresnahan, Pamela A., Bright, Stacey N., Broiles, Brian J., Bromenschenkel, Asa, Brooks, Brian H., Brooks, Keira J., Brown, Bob, Brown, Bruce, Brown, Thomas M., Bruce, Barry W., Bryson, Jonathan G., Bujanda, Edwin D., Bullock, Blake M., Bunker, A. J., Bureo, Rafael, Burt, Irving J., Bush, James Aaron, Bushouse, Howard A., Bussman, Marie C., Cabaud, Olivier, Cale, Steven, Calhoon, Charles D., Calvani, Humberto, Canipe, Alicia M., Caputo, Francis M., Cara, Mihai, Carey, Larkin, Case, Michael Eli, Cesari, Thaddeus, Cetorelli, Lee D., Chance, Don R., Chandler, Lynn, Chaney, Dave, Chapman, George N., Charlot, S., Chayer, Pierre, Cheezum, Jeffrey I., Chen, Bin, Chen, Christine H., Cherinka, Brian, Chichester, Sarah C., Chilton, Zachary S., Chittiraibalan, Dharini, Clampin, Mark, Clark, Charles R., Clark, Kerry W., Clark, Stephanie M., Claybrooks, Edward E., Cleveland, Keith A., Cohen, Andrew L., Cohen, Lester M., Colón, Knicole D., Coleman, Benee L., Colina, Luis, Comber, Brian J., Comeau, Thomas M., Comer, Thomas, Reis, Alain Conde, Connolly, Dennis C., Conroy, Kyle E., Contos, Adam R., Contreras, James, Cook, Neil J., Cooper, James L., Cooper, Rachel Aviva, Correia, Michael F., Correnti, Matteo, Cossou, Christophe, Costanza, Brian F., Coulais, Alain, Cox, Colin R., Coyle, Ray T., Cracraft, Misty M., Noriega-Crespo, Alberto, Crew, Keith A., Curtis, Gary J., Cusveller, Bianca, Maciel, Cleyciane Da Costa, Dailey, Christopher T., Daugeron, Frédéric, Davidson, Greg S., Davies, James E., Davis, Katherine Anne, Davis, Michael S., Day, Ratna, de Chambure, Daniel, de Jong, Pauline, De Marchi, Guido, Dean, Bruce H., Decker, John E., Delisa, Amy S., Dell, Lawrence C., Dellagatta, Gail, Dembinska, Franciszka, Demosthenes, Sandor, Dencheva, Nadezhda M., Deneu, Philippe, DePriest, William W., Deschenes, Jeremy, Dethienne, Nathalie, Detre, Örs Hunor, Diaz, Rosa Izela, Dicken, Daniel, DiFelice, Audrey S., Dillman, Matthew, Disharoon, Maureen O., van Dishoeck, Ewine F., Dixon, William V., Doggett, Jesse B., Dominguez, Keisha L., Donaldson, Thomas S., Doria-Warner, Cristina M., Santos, Tony Dos, Doty, Heather, Douglas Jr., Robert E., Doyon, René, Dressler, Alan, Driggers, Jennifer, Driggers, Phillip A., Dunn, Jamie L., DuPrie, Kimberly C., Dupuis, Jean, Durning, John, Dutta, Sanghamitra B., Earl, Nicholas M., Eccleston, Paul, Ecobichon, Pascal, Egami, Eiichi, Ehrenwinkler, Ralf, Eisenhamer, Jonathan D., Eisenhower, Michael, Eisenstein, Daniel J., Hamel, Zaky El, Elie, Michelle L., Elliott, James, Elliott, Kyle Wesley, Engesser, Michael, Espinoza, Néstor, Etienne, Odessa, Etxaluze, Mireya, Evans, Leah, Fabreguettes, Luce, Falcolini, Massimo, Falini, Patrick R., Fatig, Curtis, Feeney, Matthew, Feinberg, Lee D., Fels, Raymond, Ferdous, Nazma, Ferguson, Henry C., Ferrarese, Laura, Ferreira, Marie-Héléne, Ferruit, Pierre, Ferry, Malcolm, Filippazzo, Joseph Charles, Firre, Daniel, Fix, Mees, Flagey, Nicolas, Flanagan, Kathryn A., Fleming, Scott W., Florian, Michael, Flynn, James R., Foiadelli, Luca, Fontaine, Mark R., Fontanella, Erin Marie, Forshay, Peter Randolph, Fortner, Elizabeth A., Fox, Ori D., Framarini, Alexandro P., Francisco, John I., Franck, Randy, Franx, Marijn, Franz, David E., Friedman, Scott D., Friend, Katheryn E., Frost, James R., Fu, Henry, Fullerton, Alexander W., Gaillard, Lionel, Galkin, Sergey, Gallagher, Ben, Galyer, Anthony D., Marín, Macarena García, Gardner, Lisa E., Garland, Dennis, Garrett, Bruce Albert, Gasman, Danny, Gáspár, András, Gastaud, René, Gaudreau, Daniel, Gauthier, Peter Timothy, Geers, Vincent, Geithner, Paul H., Gennaro, Mario, Gerber, John, Gereau, John C., Giampaoli, Robert, Giardino, Giovanna, Gibbons, Paul C., Gilbert, Karolina, Gilman, Larry, Girard, Julien H., Giuliano, Mark E., Gkountis, Konstantinos, Glasse, Alistair, Glassmire, Kirk Zachary, Glauser, Adrian Michael, Glazer, Stuart D., Goldberg, Joshua, Golimowski, David A., Gonzaga, Shireen P., Gordon, Karl D., Gordon, Shawn J., Goudfrooij, Paul, Gough, Michael J., Graham, Adrian J., Grau, Christopher M., Green, Joel David, Greene, Gretchen R., Greene, Thomas P., Greenfield, Perry E., Greenhouse, Matthew A., Greve, Thomas R., Greville, Edgar M., Grimaldi, Stefano, Groe, Frank E., Groebner, Andrew, Grumm, David M., Grundy, Timothy, Güdel, Manuel, Guillard, Pierre, Guldalian, John, Gunn, Christopher A., Gurule, Anthony, Gutman, Irvin Meyer, Guy, Paul D., Guyot, Benjamin, Hack, Warren J., Haderlein, Peter, Hagan, James B., Hagedorn, Andria, Hainline, Kevin, Haley, Craig, Hami, Maryam, Hamilton, Forrest Clifford, Hammann, Jeffrey, Hammel, Heidi B., Hanley, Christopher J., Hansen, Carl August, Hardy, Bruce, Harnisch, Bernd, Harr, Michael Hunter, Harris, Pamela, Hart, Jessica Ann, Hartig, George F., Hasan, Hashima, Hashim, Kathleen Marie, Hashimoto, Ryan, Haskins, Sujee J., Hawkins, Robert Edward, Hayden, Brian, Hayden, William L., Healy, Mike, Hecht, Karen, Heeg, Vince J., Hejal, Reem, Helm, Kristopher A., Hengemihle, Nicholas J., Henning, Thomas, Henry, Alaina, Henry, Ronald L., Henshaw, Katherine, Hernandez, Scarlin, Herrington, Donald C., Heske, Astrid, Hesman, Brigette Emily, Hickey, David L., Hilbert, Bryan N., Hines, Dean C., Hinz, Michael R., Hirsch, Michael, Hitcho, Robert S., Hodapp, Klaus, Hodge, Philip E., Hoffman, Melissa, Holfeltz, Sherie T., Holler, Bryan Jason, Hoppa, Jennifer Rose, Horner, Scott, Howard, Joseph M., Howard, Richard J., Huber, Jean M., Hunkeler, Joseph S., Hunter, Alexander, Hunter, David Gavin, Hurd, Spencer W., Hurst, Brendan J., Hutchings, John B., Hylan, Jason E., Ignat, Luminita Ilinca, Illingworth, Garth, Irish, Sandra M., Isaacs III, John C., Jackson Jr., Wallace C., Jaffe, Daniel T., Jahic, Jasmin, Jahromi, Amir, Jakobsen, Peter, James, Bryan, James, John C., James, LeAndrea Rae, Jamieson, William Brian, Jandra, Raymond D., Jayawardhana, Ray, Jedrzejewski, Robert, Jeffers, Basil S., Jensen, Peter, Joanne, Egges, Johns, Alan T., Johnson, Carl A., Johnson, Eric L., Johnson, Patricia, Johnson, Phillip Stephen, Johnson, Thomas K., Johnson, Timothy W., Johnstone, Doug, Jollet, Delphine, Jones, Danny P., Jones, Gregory S., Jones, Olivia C., Jones, Ronald A., Jones, Vicki, Jordan, Ian J., Jordan, Margaret E., Jue, Reginald, Jurkowski, Mark H., Justis, Grant, Justtanont, Kay, Kaleida, Catherine C., Kalirai, Jason S., Kalmanson, Phillip Cabrales, Kaltenegger, Lisa, Kammerer, Jens, Kan, Samuel K., Kanarek, Graham Childs, Kao, Shaw-Hong, Karakla, Diane M., Karl, Hermann, Kassin, Susan A., Kauffman, David D., Kavanagh, Patrick, Kelley, Leigh L., Kelly, Douglas M., Kendrew, Sarah, Kennedy, Herbert V., Kenny, Deborah A., Keski-Kuha, Ritva A., Keyes, Charles D., Khan, Ali, Kidwell, Richard C., Kimble, Randy A., King, James S., King, Richard C., Kinzel, Wayne M., Kirk, Jeffrey R., Kirkpatrick, Marc E., Klaassen, Pamela, Klingemann, Lana, Klintworth, Paul U., Knapp, Bryan Adam, Knight, Scott, Knollenberg, Perry J., Knutsen, Daniel Mark, Koehler, Robert, Koekemoer, Anton M., Kofler, Earl T., Kontson, Vicki L., Kovacs, Aiden Rose, Kozhurina-Platais, Vera, Krause, Oliver, Kriss, Gerard A., Krist, John, Kristoffersen, Monica R., Krogel, Claudia, Krueger, Anthony P., Kulp, Bernard A., Kumari, Nimisha, Kwan, Sandy W., Kyprianou, Mark, Labador, Aurora Gadiano, Labiano, Álvaro, Lafrenière, David, Lagage, Pierre-Olivier, Laidler, Victoria G., Laine, Benoit, Laird, Simon, Lajoie, Charles-Philippe, Lallo, Matthew D., Lam, May Yen, LaMassa, Stephanie Marie, Lambros, Scott D., Lampenfield, Richard Joseph, Lander, Matthew Ed, Langston, James Hutton, Larson, Kirsten, Larson, Melora, LaVerghetta, Robert Joseph, Law, David R., Lawrence, Jon F., Lee, David W., Lee, Janice, Lee, Yat-Ning Paul, Leisenring, Jarron, Leveille, Michael Dunlap, Levenson, Nancy A., Levi, Joshua S., Levine, Marie B., Lewis, Dan, Lewis, Jake, Lewis, Nikole, Libralato, Mattia, Lidon, Norbert, Liebrecht, Paula Louisa, Lightsey, Paul, Lilly, Simon, Lim, Frederick C., Lim, Pey Lian, Ling, Sai-Kwong, Link, Lisa J., Link, Miranda Nicole, Lipinski, Jamie L., Liu, XiaoLi, Lo, Amy S., Lobmeyer, Lynette, Logue, Ryan M., Long, Chris A., Long, Douglas R., Long, Ilana D., Long, Knox S., López-Caniego, Marcos, Lotz, Jennifer M., Love-Pruitt, Jennifer M., Lubskiy, Michael, Luers, Edward B., Luetgens, Robert A., Luevano, Annetta J., Lui, Sarah Marie G. Flores, Lund III, James M., Lundquist, Ray A., Lunine, Jonathan, Lützgendorf, Nora, Lynch, Richard J., MacDonald, Alex J., MacDonald, Kenneth, Macias, Matthew J., Macklis, Keith I., Maghami, Peiman, Maharaja, Rishabh Y., Maiolino, Roberto, Makrygiannis, Konstantinos G., Malla, Sunita Giri, Malumuth, Eliot M., Manjavacas, Elena, Marini, Andrea, Marrione, Amanda, Marston, Anthony, Martel, André R, Martin, Didier, Martin, Peter G., Martinez, Kristin L., Maschmann, Marc, Masci, Gregory L., Masetti, Margaret E., Maszkiewicz, Michael, Matthews, Gary, Matuskey, Jacob E., McBrayer, Glen A., McCarthy, Donald W., McCaughrean, Mark J., McClare, Leslie A., McClare, Michael D., McCloskey, John C., McClurg, Taylore D., McCoy, Martin, McElwain, Michael W., McGregor, Roy D., McGuffey, Douglas B., McKay, Andrew G., McKenzie, William K., McLean, Brian, McMaster, Matthew, McNeil, Warren, De Meester, Wim, Mehalick, Kimberly L., Meixner, Margaret, Meléndez, Marcio, Menzel, Michael P., Menzel, Michael T., Merz, Matthew, Mesterharm, David D., Meyer, Michael R., Meyett, Michele L., Meza, Luis E., Midwinter, Calvin, Milam, Stefanie N., Miller, Jay Todd, Miller, William C., Miskey, Cherie L., Misselt, Karl, Mitchell, Eileen P., Mohan, Martin, Montoya, Emily E., Moran, Michael J., Morishita, Takahiro, Moro-Martín, Amaya, Morrison, Debra L., Morrison, Jane, Morse, Ernie C., Moschos, Michael, Moseley, S. H., Mosier, Gary E., Mosner, Peter, Mountain, Matt, Muckenthaler, Jason S., Mueller, Donald G., Mueller, Migo, Muhiem, Daniella, Mühlmann, Prisca, Mullally, Susan Elizabeth, Mullen, Stephanie M., Munger, Alan J, Murphy, Jess, Murray, Katherine T., Muzerolle, James C., Mycroft, Matthew, Myers, Andrew, Myers, Carey R., Myers, Fred Richard R., Myers, Richard, Myrick, Kaila, Nagle IV, Adrian F., Nayak, Omnarayani, Naylor, Bret, Neff, Susan G., Nelan, Edmund P., Nella, John, Nguyen, Duy Tuong, Nguyen, Michael N., Nickson, Bryony, Nidhiry, John Joseph, Niedner, Malcolm B., Nieto-Santisteban, Maria, Nikolov, Nikolay K., Nishisaka, Mary Ann, Nota, Antonella, O'Mara, Robyn C., Oboryshko, Michael, O'Brien, Marcus B., Ochs, William R., Offenberg, Joel D., Ogle, Patrick Michael, Ohl, Raymond G., Olmsted, Joseph Hamden, Osborne, Shannon Barbara, O'Shaughnessy, Brian Patrick, Östlin, Göran, O'Sullivan, Brian, Otor, O. Justin, Ottens, Richard, Ouellette, Nathalie N. -Q., Outlaw, Daria J., Owens, Beverly A., Pacifici, Camilla, Page, James Christophe, Paranilam, James G., Park, Sang, Parrish, Keith A., Paschal, Laura, Patapis, Polychronis, Patel, Jignasha, Patrick, Keith, Pattishall Jr., Robert A., Paul, Douglas William, Paul, Shirley J., Pauly, Tyler Andrew, Pavlovsky, Cheryl M., Peña-Guerrero, Maria, Pedder, Andrew H., Peek, Matthew Weldon, Pelham, Patricia A., Penanen, Konstantin, Perriello, Beth A., Perrin, Marshall D., Perrine, Richard F., Perrygo, Chuck, Peslier, Muriel, Petach, Michael, Peterson, Karla A., Pfarr, Tom, Pierson, James M., Pietraszkiewicz, Martin, Pilchen, Guy, Pipher, Judy L., Pirzkal, Norbert, Pitman, Joseph T., Player, Danielle M., Plesha, Rachel, Plitzke, Anja, Pohner, John A., Poletis, Karyn Konstantin, Pollizzi, Joseph A., Polster, Ethan, Pontius, James T., Pontoppidan, Klaus, Porges, Susana C., Potter, Gregg D., Prescott, Stephen, Proffitt, Charles R., Pueyo, Laurent, Neira, Irma Aracely Quispe, Radich, Armando, Rager, Reiko T., Rameau, Julien, Ramey, Deborah D., Alarcon, Rafael Ramos, Rampini, Riccardo, Rapp, Robert, Rashford, Robert A., Rauscher, Bernard J., Ravindranath, Swara, Rawle, Timothy, Rawlings, Tynika N., Ray, Tom, Regan, Michael W., Rehm, Brian, Rehm, Kenneth D., Reid, Neill, Reis, Carl A., Renk, Florian, Reoch, Tom B., Ressler, Michael, Rest, Armin W., Reynolds, Paul J., Richon, Joel G., Richon, Karen V., Ridgaway, Michael, Riedel, Adric Richard, Rieke, George H., Rieke, Marcia, Rifelli, Richard E., Rigby, Jane R., Riggs, Catherine S., Ringel, Nancy J., Ritchie, Christine E., Rix, Hans-Walter, Robberto, Massimo, Robinson, Michael S., Robinson, Orion, Rock, Frank W., Rodriguez, David R., del Pino, Bruno Rodríguez, Roellig, Thomas, Rohrbach, Scott O., Roman, Anthony J., Romelfanger, Frederick J., Romo Jr., Felipe P., Rosales, Jose J., Rose, Perry, Roteliuk, Anthony F., Roth, Marc N., Rothwell, Braden Quinn, Rouzaud, Sylvain, Rowe, Jason, Rowlands, Neil, Roy, Arpita, Royer, Pierre, Rui, Chunlei, Rumler, Peter, Rumpl, William, Russ, Melissa L., Ryan, Michael B., Ryan, Richard M., Saad, Karl, Sabata, Modhumita, Sabatino, Rick, Sabbi, Elena, Sabelhaus, Phillip A., Sabia, Stephen, Sahu, Kailash C., Saif, Babak N., Salvignol, Jean-Christophe, Samara-Ratna, Piyal, Samuelson, Bridget S., Sanders, Felicia A., Sappington, Bradley, Sargent, B. A., Sauer, Arne, Savadkin, Bruce J., Sawicki, Marcin, Schappell, Tina M., Scheffer, Caroline, Scheithauer, Silvia, Scherer, Ron, Schiff, Conrad, Schlawin, Everett, Schmeitzky, Olivier, Schmitz, Tyler S., Schmude, Donald J., Schneider, Analyn, Schreiber, Jürgen, Schroeven-Deceuninck, Hilde, Schultz, John J., Schwab, Ryan, Schwartz, Curtis H., Scoccimarro, Dario, Scott, John F., Scott, Michelle B., Seaton, Bonita L., Seely, Bruce S., Seery, Bernard, Seidleck, Mark, Sembach, Kenneth, Shanahan, Clare Elizabeth, Shaughnessy, Bryan, Shaw, Richard A., Shay, Christopher Michael, Sheehan, Even, Sheth, Kartik, Shih, Hsin-Yi, Shivaei, Irene, Siegel, Noah, Sienkiewicz, Matthew G., Simmons, Debra D., Simon, Bernard P., Sirianni, Marco, Sivaramakrishnan, Anand, Slade, Jeffrey E., Sloan, G. C., Slocum, Christine E., Slowinski, Steven E., Smith, Corbett T., Smith, Eric P., Smith, Erin C., Smith, Koby, Smith, Robert, Smith, Stephanie J., Smolik, John L., Soderblom, David R., Sohn, Sangmo Tony, Sokol, Jeff, Sonneborn, George, Sontag, Christopher D., Sooy, Peter R., Soummer, Remi, Southwood, Dana M., Spain, Kay, Sparmo, Joseph, Speer, David T., Spencer, Richard, Sprofera, Joseph D., Stallcup, Scott S., Stanley, Marcia K., Stansberry, John A., Stark, Christopher C., Starr, Carl W., Stassi, Diane Y., Steck, Jane A., Steeley, Christine D., Stephens, Matthew A., Stephenson, Ralph J., Stewart, Alphonso C., Stiavelli, Massimo, Stockman Jr., Hervey, Strada, Paolo, Straughn, Amber N., Streetman, Scott, Strickland, David Kendal, Strobele, Jingping F., Stuhlinger, Martin, Stys, Jeffrey Edward, Such, Miguel, Sukhatme, Kalyani, Sullivan, Joseph F., Sullivan, Pamela C., Sumner, Sandra M., Sun, Fengwu, Sunnquist, Benjamin Dale, Swade, Daryl Allen, Swam, Michael S., Swenton, Diane F., Swoish, Robby A., Litten, Oi In Tam, Tamas, Laszlo, Tao, Andrew, Taylor, David K., Taylor, Joanna M., Plate, Maurice te, Van Tea, Mason, Teague, Kelly K., Telfer, Randal C., Temim, Tea, Texter, Scott C., Thatte, Deepashri G., Thompson, Christopher Lee, Thompson, Linda M., Thomson, Shaun R., Thronson, Harley, Tierney, C. M., Tikkanen, Tuomo, Tinnin, Lee, Tippet, William Thomas, Todd, Connor William, Tran, Hien D., Trauger, John, Trejo, Edwin Gregorio, Truong, Justin Hoang Vinh, Tsukamoto, Christine L., Tufail, Yasir, Tumlinson, Jason, Tustain, Samuel, Tyra, Harrison, Ubeda, Leonardo, Underwood, Kelli, Uzzo, Michael A., Vaclavik, Steven, Valenduc, Frida, Valenti, Jeff A., Van Campen, Julie, van de Wetering, Inge, Van Der Marel, Roeland P., van Haarlem, Remy, Vandenbussche, Bart, Vanterpool, Dona D., Vernoy, Michael R., Costas, Maria Begoña Vila, Volk, Kevin, Voorzaat, Piet, Voyton, Mark F., Vydra, Ekaterina, Waddy, Darryl J., Waelkens, Christoffel, Wahlgren, Glenn Michael, Walker Jr., Frederick E., Wander, Michel, Warfield, Christine K., Warner, Gerald, Wasiak, Francis C., Wasiak, Matthew F., Wehner, James, Weiler, Kevin R., Weilert, Mark, Weiss, Stanley B., Wells, Martyn, Welty, Alan D., Wheate, Lauren, Wheeler, Thomas P., White, Christy L., Whitehouse, Paul, Whiteleather, Jennifer Margaret, Whitman, William Russell, Williams, Christina C., Willmer, Christopher N. A., Willott, Chris J., Willoughby, Scott P., Wilson, Andrew, Wilson, Debra, Wilson, Donna V., Windhorst, Rogier, Wislowski, Emily Christine, Wolfe, David J., Wolfe, Michael A., Wolff, Schuyler, Wondel, Amancio, Woo, Cindy, Woods, Robert T., Worden, Elaine, Workman, William, Wright, Gillian S., Wu, Carl, Wu, Chi-Rai, Wun, Dakin D., Wymer, Kristen B., Yadetie, Thomas, Yan, Isabelle C., Yang, Keith C., Yates, Kayla L., Yeager, Christopher R., Yerger, Ethan John, Young, Erick T., Young, Gary, Yu, Gene, Yu, Susan, Zak, Dean S., Zeidler, Peter, Zepp, Robert, Zhou, Julia, Zincke, Christian A., Zonak, Stephanie, and Zondag, Elisabeth

Subjects
Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics
Abstract

Twenty-six years ago a small committee report, building on earlier studies, expounded a compelling and poetic vision for the future of astronomy, calling for an infrared-optimized space telescope with an aperture of at least $4m$. With the support of their governments in the US, Europe, and Canada, 20,000 people realized that vision as the $6.5m$ James Webb Space Telescope. A generation of astronomers will celebrate their accomplishments for the life of the mission, potentially as long as 20 years, and beyond. This report and the scientific discoveries that follow are extended thank-you notes to the 20,000 team members. The telescope is working perfectly, with much better image quality than expected. In this and accompanying papers, we give a brief history, describe the observatory, outline its objectives and current observing program, and discuss the inventions and people who made it possible. We cite detailed reports on the design and the measured performance on orbit., Comment: Accepted by PASP for the special issue on The James Webb Space Telescope Overview, 29 pages, 4 figures

Published
2023
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31. Angiogenesis-associated pathways play critical roles in neonatal sepsis outcomes

Author

Mario Fidanza, Julie Hibbert, Erica Acton, Danny Harbeson, Elizna Schoeman, Patrycja Skut, Tabitha Woodman, Adrien Eynaud, Lucy Hartnell, Byron Brook, Bing Cai, Mandy Lo, Reza Falsafi, Robert E. W. Hancock, Msandeni Chiume-Kayuni, Norman Lufesi, Constantin R. Popescu, Pascal M. Lavoie, Tobias Strunk, Andrew J. Currie, Tobias R. Kollmann, Nelly Amenyogbe, and Amy H. Lee

Subjects
Medicine, Science
Abstract

Abstract Neonatal sepsis is a major cause of childhood mortality. Limited diagnostic tools and mechanistic insights have hampered our abilities to develop prophylactic or therapeutic interventions. Biomarkers in human neonatal sepsis have been repeatedly identified as associated with dysregulation of angiopoietin signaling and altered arachidonic acid metabolism. We here provide the mechanistic evidence in support of the relevance for these observations. Angiopoetin-1 (Ang-1), which promotes vascular integrity, was decreased in blood plasma of human and murine septic newborns. In preclinical models, administration of Ang-1 provided prophylactic protection from septic death. Arachidonic acid metabolism appears to be functionally connected to Ang-1 via reactive oxygen species (ROS) with a direct role of nitric oxide (NO). Strengthening this intersection via oral administration of arachidonic acid and/or the NO donor L-arginine provided prophylactic as well as therapeutic protection from septic death while also increasing plasma Ang-1 levels among septic newborns. Our data highlight that targeting angiogenesis-associated pathways with interventions that increase Ang-1 activity directly or indirectly through ROS/eNOS provide promising avenues to prevent and/or treat severe neonatal sepsis.

Published
2024
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32. Platform-directed allostery and quaternary structure dynamics of SAMHD1 catalysis

Author

Oliver J. Acton, Devon Sheppard, Simone Kunzelmann, Sarah J. Caswell, Andrea Nans, Ailidh J. O. Burgess, Geoff Kelly, Elizabeth R. Morris, Peter B. Rosenthal, and Ian A. Taylor

Subjects
Science
Abstract

Abstract SAMHD1 regulates cellular nucleotide homeostasis, controlling dNTP levels by catalysing their hydrolysis into 2’-deoxynucleosides and triphosphate. In differentiated CD4+ macrophage and resting T-cells SAMHD1 activity results in the inhibition of HIV-1 infection through a dNTP blockade. In cancer, SAMHD1 desensitizes cells to nucleoside-analogue chemotherapies. Here we employ time-resolved cryogenic-EM imaging and single-particle analysis to visualise assembly, allostery and catalysis by this multi-subunit enzyme. Our observations reveal how dynamic conformational changes in the SAMHD1 quaternary structure drive the catalytic cycle. We capture five states at high-resolution in a live catalytic reaction, revealing how allosteric activators support assembly of a stable SAMHD1 tetrameric core and how catalysis is driven by the opening and closing of active sites through pairwise coupling of active sites and order-disorder transitions in regulatory domains. This direct visualisation of enzyme catalysis dynamics within an allostery-stabilised platform sets a precedent for mechanistic studies into the regulation of multi-subunit enzymes.

Published
2024
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33. The James Webb Space Telescope Mission: Optical Telescope Element Design, Development, and Performance

Author

McElwain, Michael W., Feinberg, Lee D., Perrin, Marshall D., Clampin, Mark, Mountain, C. Matt, Lallo, Matthew D., Lajoie, Charles-Philippe, Kimble, Randy A., Bowers, Charles W., Stark, Christopher C., Acton, D. Scott, Aiello, Ken, Atkinson, Charles, Barinek, Beth, Barto, Allison, Basinger, Scott, Beck, Tracy, Bergkoetter, Matthew D., Bluth, Marcel, Boucarut, Rene A., Brady, Gregory R., Brooks, Keira J., Brown, Bob, Byard, John, Carey, Larkin, Carrasquilla, Maria, Celeste, Sid, Chae, Dan, Chaney, David, Chayer, Pierre, Chonis, Taylor, Cohen, Lester, Cole, Helen J., Comeau, Thomas M., Coon, Matthew, Coppock, Eric, Coyle, Laura, Davis, Rick, Dean, Bruce H., Dziak, Kenneth J., Eisenhower, Michael, Flagey, Nicolas, Franck, Randy, Gallagher, Benjamin, Gilman, Larry, Glassman, Tiffany, Golnik, Gary, Green, Joseph J., Grieco, John, Haase, Shari, Hadjimichael, Theodore J., Hagopian, John G., Hahn, Walter G., Hartig, George F., Havey, Keith A., Hayden, William L., Hellekson, Robert, Hicks, Brian, Holfeltz, Sherie T., Howard, Joseph M., Huguet, Jesse A., Jahne, Brian, Johnson, Leslie A., Johnston, John D., Jurling, Alden S., Kegley, Jeffrey R., Kennard, Scott, Keski-Kuha, Ritva A., Knight, J. Scott, Kulp, Bernard A., Levi, Joshua S., Levine, Marie B., Lightsey, Paul, Luetgens, Robert A., Mather, John C., Matthews, Gary W., McKay, Andrew G., Mehalick, Kimberly I., Meléndez, Marcio, Messer, Ted, Mosier, Gary E., Murphy, Jess, Nelan, Edmund P., Niedner, Malcolm B., Noël, Darin M., Ohara, Catherine M., Ohl, Raymond G., Olczak, Eugene, Osborne, Shannon B., Park, Sang, Patton, Kevin, Perrygo, Charles, Pueyo, Laurent, Quesnel, Lisbeth, Ranck, Dale, Redding, David C., Regan, Michael W., Reynolds, Paul, Rifelli, Rich, Rigby, Jane R., Sabatke, Derek, Saif, Babak N., Scorse, Thomas R., Seo, Byoung-Joon, Shi, Fang, Sigrist, Norbert, Smith, Koby, Smith, J. Scott, Smith, Erin C., Sohn, Sangmo Tony, Spina, John, Stahl, H. Philip, Telfer, Randal, Terlecki, Todd, Texter, Scott C., Van Buren, David, Van Campen, Julie M., Vila, Begoña, Voyton, Mark F., Waldman, Mark, Walker, Chanda B., Weiser, Nick, Wells, Conrad, West, Garrett, Whitman, Tony L., Wick, Eric, Wolf, Erin, Young, Greg, and Zielinski, Thomas P.

Subjects
Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics
Abstract

The James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) is a large, infrared space telescope that has recently started its science program which will enable breakthroughs in astrophysics and planetary science. Notably, JWST will provide the very first observations of the earliest luminous objects in the Universe and start a new era of exoplanet atmospheric characterization. This transformative science is enabled by a 6.6 m telescope that is passively cooled with a 5-layer sunshield. The primary mirror is comprised of 18 controllable, low areal density hexagonal segments, that were aligned and phased relative to each other in orbit using innovative image-based wavefront sensing and control algorithms. This revolutionary telescope took more than two decades to develop with a widely distributed team across engineering disciplines. We present an overview of the telescope requirements, architecture, development, superb on-orbit performance, and lessons learned. JWST successfully demonstrates a segmented aperture space telescope and establishes a path to building even larger space telescopes., Comment: accepted by PASP for JWST Overview Special Issue; 34 pages, 25 figures

Published
2023
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