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This symposium presents a focused exploration of advancements in leadership measurement, transitioning from traditional questionnaire-based methods to the application of AI and machine learning. Recognizing the foundational value of classical psychometrics, the symposium represents its use in the development of leadership items and scales, as well as works on the use of AI for these important topics. This symposium particularly explores the multifaceted nature of leadership and addresses issues of construct redundancy and bias. The event features a series of presentations that collectively highlight a transformative approach to leadership measurement. These include an in-depth analysis of followership measurement, the application of AI for developing refined leadership scales, an exploration of the interrelations among various leadership constructs, and a discussion on identifying and mitigating biases in these new methodologies. Concluding with insights from two experts in the field of leadership measurement, the symposium aims to integrate traditional insights with modern technological advancements, setting a direction for future research that promises a more comprehensive and nuanced understanding of leadership. How Do You Follow? Development of a Multidimensional Model of Kelley's Typology of Followership Author: Paul Hanges; U. of Maryland Author: Emily Elizabeth Forgo; U. of Maryland, College Park From Abstractness to Concreteness: Generating Leadership Scale Items Using Generative AI Author: Yasmine Elfeki; Virginia Tech Author: Roseanne Foti; Virginia Tech AI Nomological Nets: Identifying the Overlap between Leadership Items using Word Embedding Models Author: Mengying Li; Binghamton U.-State U. of New York Author: Bryan Acton; Binghamton U.-State U. of New York How to Reduce Bias in the Life Cycle of a Data Science Leadership Project Author: George Banks; UNC Charlotte Author: Depeng Xu; U. of North Carlolina, Charlotte Author: Scott Tonidandel; UNC-Charlotte Author: Wenwen Dou; U. of North Carolina, Charlotte Author: Matthew Gerson; UNC Charlotte Author: Jill Yavorsky; U. of North Carolina at Charlotte [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this symposium, participants will be introduced to a variety of important management questions and will experience how current agent- based modeling experts are using these methods to explore those questions. In bringing agent-based modeling techniques into the spotlight, we hope to spark greater interest in the research methods community in learning more about this method and bringing more acceptance for these types of exploration to the field. The presenters in this symposium each used agent-based modeling to explore important micro- and macro-management topics in dynamic, systems-focused ways. The general topics covered in this session range from inequality in career advancement, organization accountability, honest and dishonest behaviors, identity and interpersonal teamwork behaviors, employee- focused investments, and decision-making systems in organizations. Each of these topics explores how decision-making has complex outcomes over time, which can affect others in many ways depending on the specific decisions made. How Gender-Based Micro-Inequities Lead to Macro-Inequalities Author: Mai P. Trinh; UTRGV Author: Chantal Van Esch; Cal Poly Pomona Author: Elizabeth A. Castillo; California State U., San Bernardino Author: Robert Chico; U. of Washington Why Firms Should Want Algorithmic Accountability Author: Kalinda Ukanwa; U. of Southern California Author: Bill Rand; North Carolina State U. Author: Peter Pal Zubcsek; Tel Aviv U. A Dynamic Theory of Honest and Dishonest Behaviors Author: Gabriela Cuconato; Case Western Reserve U. The Dark Side of Expressing Self-Reflective Job Titles Author: Bryan Acton; Binghamton U.-State U. of New York Author: Tyree David Mitchell; Louisiana State U. Author: Patrick Coyle; La Salle U. A Management Systems Perspective Versus Investor Capitalism Author: Gretchen Renee Vogelgesang; San Jose State U. Author: Mai P. Trinh; UTRGV Author: Katalin T. Haynes; U. of Delaware Organizations as Systems of Distributed Attention Author: Jon Atwell; Stanford Graduate School of Business [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Individuals hold internal representations or schemas that were developed in the past (Murphy & Johnson, 2011) and include cognitions, emotions, and scripts that have an impact on how they labeled themselves and others as leaders (Eden & Leviatan, 2005; van Knippenberg et al., 2004) or followers (Whiteley et al., 2012) and those representations will influence their identities and interpersonal relations (Coyle & Foti, 2015; Dienesch & Liden, 1986; Engle & Lord, 1997; Lord et al., 1984; Lord & Maher, 1993). To better understand what urges leadership and followership behaviours and actions, we need to uncover and thoroughly examine the versatile ways that people employ to define themselves as leaders or followers. Leader-follower identity dynamics is a promising field of study with major implications on workplace like leader-follower identity switch- LFS (Sy & McCoy, 2014), role transitions within the same domain (Ashforth, 2001), effective momentary or/and shared leadership (Shondrick, Dinh & Lord 2010; Friedrich, Vessey, Schuelke, et al. 2009) and leadership development (Epitropaki et al., 2023; Lord et al., 2020). With our symposium we aim to function as a catalyst and ignite a thought-provoking discussion by exploring current and future research directions. Each one of the panelists will explore the topic from a different angle. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This symposium features emerging developments in emergent leadership research, reflecting some of the following questions: What role can computational modeling play in exploring different theoretical perspectives of emergent leadership? What do the patterns of leader emergence within team networks reveal that single occurrences of the phenomenon cannot? What influence do cultural norms have on the effectiveness of informal leadership status-seeking behaviors? Of what importance is the gender of those being evaluated for emergent leadership status, and what about the evaluator? More specifically, the studies included in this symposium focus on utilizing agent-based computational modeling as a way to compare social-cognitive and social-interactionist perspectives of leadership emergence (Acton, Foti, & Lord), how social network analysis can reveal patterns of emergent leadership in teams, and how maintaining multiple leader relationships impacts team member stress (Choudhury & Maupin), how high-ability team members' self-promotive behaviors are interpreted differently based on cultural norms (Liu & Hanna), and how the gender of those granting leadership status, as well as the gender composition of informal teams, is predictive of emergent leadership evaluations (Farro, Kukenberger, & D'Innocenzo). The discussant, Dr. William Gardner, will discuss themes across studies, highlight future research directions, and lead an interactive discussion between presenters and the audience. * Who recognizes women's emergent leadership? Multilevel effects of gender on emergent leadership * Presenter: Andrea Farro; Rowan U. * Presenter: Michael Kukenberger; U. of New Hampshire * Presenter: Lauren D'Innocenzo; Drexel U. * Using agent-based modeling to test core components of the leadership emergence process * Presenter: Bryan Acton; Durham U. Business School * Presenter: Roseanne Foti; Virginia Tech * Presenter: Robert G. Lord; Durham U. * Demands of informal leadership in self-managing teams: Stress and well-being in team members * Presenter: Anwesha Choudhury; Binghamton U.-State U. of New York * Presenter: Cynthia Kay Maupin; U. of Mississippi * One impression to rule them all? Culture's role interpreting promotive tactics by emergent leaders * Presenter: Bo Liu; Jiangxi U. of Fiance and Economics * Presenter: Andrew A. Hanna; U. of Nebraska, Lincoln [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Although leadership and followership processes are flexible and fluid, our theoretical and empirical knowledge of the short-term dynamics in individuals' leadership and followership identities are limited. Building on a Dynamical Systems Perspective we argue that leadership and followership identities are complex systems, that are composed of multiple interacting elements that exhibit emergent and nonlinear intra-personal identity dynamics. With the goal to explore these patterns of leader-follower identity variability across different contexts we address two questions: (1) How are individuals' leadership and followership identity dynamics characterized in different contexts associated with uncertainty? (2) How are these leadership and followership identity dynamics interrelated within different contexts? We collected daily data from a total of 69 Undergraduate students (1,159 data points) in the United Kingdom across seven-day periods in three different contexts during the academic year. Findings from dynamical systems modeling reveal the entangled nature of leadership and followership identities, different attractor states as well as consequences of COVID-19 on leadership and followership identity dynamics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Applied research, such as leadership, should inform practice. However, there have been calls for researchers to do more bridge the gap between theory and practice. This session bring together a group of well-known leadership scholars to present and discuss new developments in leadership measurement with an explicit focus on their organizational applications. Identity Dynamics in the Wild: Real-world Application of the Leader-Follower Identity Grid. Presenter: Karolina Wenefrieda Nieberle; Durham U. Business School. Presenter: Bryan Acton; Virginia Tech. Presenter: Susanne Helena Braun; Durham U. Item Characteristics as Predictors of Episodic Memory in the Levels of Self-Concept Scale. Presenter: Xiaotong (Janey) Zheng; Durham U. Business School. Presenter: Rosalie Joan Hall; Durham U. Presenter: Paola Gatti; U. of Turin. Presenter: Robert G. Lord; Durham U. Presenter: Richard Morgan; Durham U. Business School. An Application and Tutorial for Creating Within-Person Memory-Sourced Leadership Scales. Presenter: Bryan Acton; Virginia Tech. Presenter: Tiffany Keller Hansbrough; Fairleigh Dickinson U. Presenter: Roseanne Foti; Virginia Tech. Presenter: Robert G. Lord; Durham U. A New Multidimensional Destructive Leadership Scale: Ideal Point Scoring of a Forced Choice Measure. Presenter: Paul Hanges; U. of Maryland. Presenter: James Andrew Grand; U. of Maryland. Presenter: Jordan Epistola; U. of Maryland, College Park. Presenter: Stephen Stark; U. of South Florida, Department of Psychology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent years, it has been acknowledged that many phenomena of interest in organizational behavior operate outside employees' complete awareness and control. The implicit processes are intuitive, spontaneous, unintentional, automatic, and sometimes unconscious. Although leadership scholars were among the earliest to discuss implicit processes (i.e., implicit theory of leader categorization), the use of implicit measures in leadership research is quite rare. The present symposium attempts to address this gap by showcasing an array of conceptual and empirical leadership studies that advocate for or utilize implicit construct measures. Two presentations will discuss the development and validation of new implicit measures to assess ILTs and leader identity. The third presentation reports a novel use of existing implicit measure of self-concept in followers and its impact on a range of important leadership and organizational outcomes. Finally, the fourth presentation will advance a new conceptualization of leader identity within an individual's goal hierarchies. The symposium aims to inspire other researchers to consider implicit measures and provides guidance and advice on how to do so. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]