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Introduction: COVID-19 manifests with acute symptoms. After coronavirus infection, they may persist or new ones may emerge, compromising functional capacity and self-care. This condition has been named “acute post-COVID-19 syndrome”. Objective: To evaluate functional capacity and self-care in post-COVID-19 patients. Materials and methods: This is a descriptive and exploratory study, which evaluated 53 medical records of patients receiving care in a Functional Recovery Program for acute post-COVID-19 syndrome, conducted at a public university, from August 2022 to August 2023. A descriptive and association analysis was performed using Pearson’s Chi-squared or Fisher’s exact nonparametric tests, with a significance level of 5 % (p < 0.05). Results: Most participants were female, aged over 50 and receiving home care during the infection. Associations were found between the length of hospitalization (p = 0.03), having a history of surgery (p = 0.01), and a medium self-care capacity (p = 0.04) with the functional capacity to perform instrumental activities of daily living (IADL). Conclusion: PostCOVID-19 syndrome is associated with medium self-care capacity and partial dependence in terms of IADLs. The finding contributes to the development of health education and care strategies aimed at providing recovery. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Retos: Nuevas Perspectivas de Educación Física, Deporte y Recreación is the property of Federacion Espanola de Asociaciones de Docentes de Educacion Fisica and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Retos: Nuevas Perspectivas de Educación Física, Deporte y Recreación is the property of Federacion Espanola de Asociaciones de Docentes de Educacion Fisica and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Introducción: Los problemas de salud mental que presentan las personas cuyos hijos ya no viven con ellas merecen mayor atención. El estudio de la autopercepción del envejecimiento y sus factores influyentes en esta población puede ayudar a la prevención de percepciones negativas del envejecimiento. Objetivo: Analizar las situaciones y factores influyentes en la autopercepción del envejecimiento de los adultos mayores cuyos hijos ya no viven con ellos, específicamente, el rol mediador de las actividades de la vida diaria y la soledad. Materiales y métodos: Se realizó un estudio transversal en 2 comunidades de la ciudad de Binzhou, provincia de Shandong, China. Se estudiaron 613 adultos mayores cuyos hijos ya no vivían con ellos, aplicando un cuestionario de información general, el Cuestionario Breve de Percepción del Envejecimiento (B-APQ), la Escala de Actividades de la Vida Diaria (ADL) y la Escala de Soledad de la Universidad de California (ULS-6). Se utilizaron modelos de ecuaciones estructurales para analizar las relaciones entre las variables. Resultados: El análisis de los factores influyentes en el envejecimiento autopercibido muestra que el estado civil, las visitas de los hijos y la soledad afectan de manera indirecta la autopercepción del envejecimiento. Asimismo, las enfermedades crónicas y la capacidad para realizar las actividades de la vida diaria afectan de manera indirecta la autopercepción del envejecimiento. Discusión: La capacidad para realizar actividades de la vida diaria, las enfermedades crónicas, salir, la soledad, el estado de salud autoreportado, el estado civil y las visitas de los hijos son algunos factores que influyen en la autopercepción del envejecimiento en esta población. Conclusión: La autopercepción del envejecimiento de las personas cuyos hijos ya no viven con ellas es relativamente negativa y hay muchos factores influyentes. Es importante mejorar el manejo que se le da a la salud de esta población, aumentando las actividades al aire libre y el cuidado de sus familiares e implementando intervenciones integrales para ayudarlos en el tratamiento del envejecimiento.

Introduction: severe, rigid hip abduction deformity in individuals with cerebral palsy (CP) is an exceptionally uncommon condition. This posture hinders the positioning in the wheelchair and the completion of basic activities of daily living (ADL). Addressing such severe deformities can be quite challenging. Material and methods: a 14-year-old male, with spastic-dystonic quadriplegic CP, developed rigid and severe flexion-abduction contractures in both hips, characterized by 90 degrees of flexion and 100 degrees of abduction. These contractures severely impeded his ability to comfortably use a wheelchair and even pass through doorways. Performing basic ADLs became a significant challenge for both the patient and his caregivers. Results: the treatment approach involved a two-stage surgical procedure, one for each hip, with a two-month interval between them. An extensive release of the fascia latae, gluteus maximus, external rotators, and hip flexors; in combination with a proximal femur osteotomy were performed. To maintain the corrections achieved, long-leg casts connected with two bars were employed, followed by orthotic support and physiotherapy. Following the procedure, lower limb adduction was achieved, and the patient and caregivers were highly satisfied, as ADLs and basic caregiving had been greatly facilitated. Conclusions: while the available literature on the management of severe rigid abduction hip contractures in non-ambulatory CP patients is limited, and treatment options are often complex, the present case underscores the effectiveness of a comprehensive approach involving soft tissue release and bone surgery. Achieving a more favorable wheelchair positioning and facilitating basic ADLs and care represents a significant success for patients and families. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Ginecología y Obstetricia de México is the property of Federacion Mexicana de Ginecologia y Obstetricia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Casos & Revisiones de Salud is the property of Victor Manuel Mendoza Nunez, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Objetivo: Analizar la influencia de la COVID-19 prolongada en las actividades de la vida diaria (AVD) en adultos con enfermedad no transmisible (ENT) y diferenciar por severidad de la enfermedad. Métodos: El diseño fue descriptivo, transversal y explicativo en 100 adultos mayores de 50 años, quienes otorgaron vía telefónica su consentimiento verbal para participar en el estudio. Se elaboró un formato para el registro de características sociodemográficas, tipo y número de ENT y presencia de COVID prolongada (secuelas). Para determinar las AVD se utilizó el índice de Barthel, el cual consta de 10 ítems que permiten clasificar el nivel de dependencia para realizar las AVD. El análisis de datos en SPSS v25 incluyó estadística descriptiva e inferencial. Resultados. El promedio de edad 63,8 años, el 59% de los participantes eran mujeres; el 50% solo padecía de una ENT. De la COVID-19 prolongada el 52% reportó de 5 a 7 secuelas: 76% refirió fatiga, 51% insomnio, 50% alopecia, dolor de huesos (19%). El 71% presentó una dependencia leve en las AVD. La COVID-19 prolongada explicó el 21,8% de la variación en las AVD (F=28,52, p=0,000). Las personas que requirieron hospitalización, reportaron menor nivel de AVD (p=0,000) que las personas que recibieron tratamiento ambulatorio. Conclusiones: Alta prevalencia de la COVID-19 prolongada, la cual influyó en el nivel de AVD en adultos con ENT.

Introduction: Focal hand dystonia is a movement disorder whose symptoms cause alterations in the performance of tasks requiring a high level of dexterity. Currently, there is no model for interpreting the disease and few studies have identified the difficulties of patients with dystonia in carrying out activities of daily living (ADL). This study aims to describe manipulative dexterity and its influence on ADLs in patients with focal hand dystonia. Materials and methods: We performed an observational, cross-sectional, case-control study including 24 participants (12 patients with focal hand dystonia and 12 controls). The patients were referred by the neurology department of Hospital Ramón y Cajal. We gathered sociodemographic data, as well as retrospective clinical data for patients. We subsequently administered evaluation tests, in the following order: Nine-Hole Peg Test (NHPT), Box and Blocks Test (BBT), Purdue Pegboard Test (PPT), and Jebsen-Taylor Test of Hand Function (JTTHF). Results: The study sample included a total of 24 participants, 7 women and 17 men, with a mean age (standard deviation) of 50.79 (14.40) years. In the patient group, neuromuscular involvement or psycho-emotional problems were not detected in half of cases; smaller numbers of patients presented difficulties associated with the right shoulder (25%) and anxious state (33.3%). Conclusions: Our results indicate that focal hand dystonia affects manipulative dexterity in these patients, who showed poorer performance and required more time to complete the tasks. Resumen: Introducción: La distonía focal de la mano es un trastorno del movimiento cuya sintomatología produce una alteración en el desempeño de tareas que requieren un nivel de destreza alto. Actualmente, no se dispone de un modelo de interpretación de la enfermedad y son escasos los estudios que identifican las dificultades de las personas con distonía al desempeñar las actividades de la vida diaria (AVD). Por todo ello, el objetivo del estudio es describir la destreza manipulativa y su influencia en las AVD de los pacientes con distonía focal de la mano. Material y método: Se realizó un estudio observacional, transversal, tipo casos y controles. Se reclutaron 24 participantes: 12 pacientes y 12 sujetos control. Los pacientes fueron derivados por el Servicio de Neurología del Hospital Ramón y Cajal. Se obtuvieron datos sociodemográficos y datos clínicos retrospectivos en el grupo de casos. Posteriormente, se administraron pruebas de evaluación, en el siguiente orden: Nine Hole Peg Test (NHPT), Box and Blocks Test (BBT), Purdue Pegboard Test (PPT) y Jebsen-Taylor Test of Hand Function (JTTHF). Resultados: En la muestra del estudio, participaron un total de 24 personas, 7 mujeres y 17 hombres, con una media de edad de 50,79 ± 14,40 años. Del total de participantes con distonía focal se observó que, aunque la mitad de la muestra no identificó signos de afectación neuromuscular, ni problemas psicoemocionales, un menor porcentaje de estos pacientes identificaron dificultades asociadas con el hombro derecho (25%) y el estado ansioso (33,3%). Conclusiones: Los hallazgos encontrados en el presente trabajo señalan que la distonia focal de la mano afecta a la destreza manipulativa de estos pacientes, presentando una peor ejecución y requiriendo más tiempo para su ejecución.

El ictus es la enfermedad neurológica más común y una de las principales causas de discapacidad a largo plazo. Provoca discapacidad en al menos el 50% de los pacientes que lo sufren. La hemiparesia es una deficiencia causada por el ictus que afecta de forma grave a las AVD, AIVD y calidad de vida. El objetivo del estudio es observar si existe relación entre la funcionalidad, nivel de dependencia de las personas tras un ictus y la calidad de vida. Se ha realizado un estudio transversal con una muestra de 50 personas con ictus a los que se les valoró la funcionalidad del miembro superior, nivel de dependencia y calidad de vida. Se llevó a cabo un análisis bivariado mediante r de Pearson para determinar las relaciones existentes. Se observó una relación significativa en cuanto a una mayor limitación funcional y mayor dependencia en la realización de AVD y AIVD con una peor calidad de vida, además de ser estas variables predictoras de la calidad de vida. El estado funcional y el nivel de dependencia pueden ser agravados por un entorno poco accesible que a su vez tiene repercusiones directas en la calidad de vida. Es importante la adaptación del entorno y seguir trabajando por conseguir la concienciación de una correcta accesibilidad y diseño para todos.

Introducción: En la vejez, el declinar en las Actividades Instrumentales de la Vida Diaria (AIVD), se relaciona con deterioro cognoscitivo; sin embargo, no todas ellas se ven alteradas, en especial al inicio de la enfermedad. Por lo tanto la identificación de estas actividades podría ayudar a obtener diagnósticos más tempranos y precisos. Objetivo: identificar las actividades instrumentales de la vida diaria (AIVD) que más se asocian con deterioro cognoscitivo en los adultos mayores. Materiales y métodos: se analizaron datos del estudio SABE Bogotá (2012), donde se entrevistó a 2.000 adultos mayores (?60 años) en un estudio transversal, se recolectó una muestra probabilística por conglomerados, con una cobertura del 81.9%. En la recolección de los datos se utilizaron: el instrumento minimental modificado (MMSE-M) y t actividades instrumentales de la vida diaria. Se realizaron análisis bivariados y multivariados con modelos de regresión logística para hallar asociaciones estadísticamente significativas (p

Copyright of Revista de Ciencias Médicas de Pinar del Río is the property of Editorial Ciencias Medicas and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Introduction: 90% of the population with stroke suffer sequelae that disable the individual for their independence in the activities of daily life. Objective: to determine the effects of interventions in adults after stroke of the motor relearning program vs different physiotherapeutic treatments on functional independence. Methods: a systematic review of the literature was carried out. in PubMed, PEDro, LILACS, Cochrane, Scopus and ScienceDirect databases, and a manual search, taking into account clinical trials, Spanish, English or Portuguese. The methodological quality was carried out using the PEDro scale and the risk of bias assessment was applied according to the Cochrane Manual. Eight studies out of a potential 984 were included. Results: a clinically significant improvement was found in the motor relearning groups and only in one study is this improvement significant compared to another intervention. Conclusion: there are significant clinical effects in the use of the motor relearning program. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Older adults admitted to a hospital for acute illness are at higher risk of hospital-associated functional decline during stays and after discharge. Objective: This study aimed to assess the calibration and discriminative abilities of the Hospital Admission Risk Profile (HARP) and the Identification of Seniors at Risk (ISAR) scales as predictors of hospital-associated functional decline at discharge in a cohort of patients older than age 65 receiving management in an acute geriatric care unit in Colombia. Methods: This study is an external validation of ISAR and HARP prediction models in a cohort of patients over 65 years managed in an acute geriatric care unit. The study included patients with Barthel index measured at admission and discharge. The evaluation discriminate ability and calibration, two fundamental aspects of the scales. Results: Of 833 patients evaluated, 363 (43.6%) presented hospital-associated functional decline at discharge. The HARP underestimated the risk of hospital-associated functional decline for patients in low- and intermediate-risk categories (relation between observed/expected events (ROE) 1.82 and 1.51, respectively). The HARP overestimated the risk of hospital-associated functional decline for patients in the high-risk category (ROE 0.91). The ISAR underestimated the risk of hospital-associated functional decline for patients in low- and high-risk categories (ROE 1.59 and 1.11). Both scales showed poor discriminative ability, with an area under the curve (AUC) between 0.55 and 0.60. Conclusion: This study found that HARP and ISAR scales have limited discriminative ability to predict HAFD at discharge. The HARP and ISAR scales should be used cautiously in the Colombian population since they underestimate the risk of hospital-associated functional decline and have low discriminative ability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aging of the population and the significant health problem represented by falls in the elderly population, promotes a growth in the limitations of the activities of daily living (ADL) of this sector of the population. The development of the medical internet of things, wireless sensors and inertial measurement units (IMU) make it possible to directly and optimally sense patient data in their natural environment without invading their privacy. The purpose of this study is to verify if, through a threshold-based fall detection algorithm, it is possible to accurately distinguish between older people, falls, and the development of ADL, based on the analysis of the linear acceleration and angular velocity variables obtained of the UMI sensor. This information is used to calculate the magnitude of the vector sum (SVM) of the acceleration and angular velocity, as well as the pitch and roll angles. Based on this information, a pilot version of an experimental protocol for the detection of falls in healthy subjects was carried out at the Center of Medical Biophysics. The performance of the algorithm was evaluated by implementing it in the public database CGU-BES Dataset, obtaining a sensitivity of 91.6%, a specificity of 88.3% and an accuracy of 89.4%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Dilemas Contemporáneos: Educación, Política y Valores is the property of Dilemas Contemporaneos: Educacion, Politica y Valores and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of FACSalud is the property of Revista FACSalud and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

El estado de alarma declarado por el Gobierno de España durante la pandemia de la COVID-19, ha afectado en gran medida al estado y a las actividades de la vida diaria de una población especialmente vulnerable son las personas mayores. El objetivo de este estudio es explorar el impacto de la pandemia en las personas mayores en cuanto a sus actividades de la vida diaria y su relación con el estado emocional. Se realizó un estudio de tipo expostfacto, con finalidad descriptiva y exploratoria, con un único tiempo de media (transversal). La recogida de datos se realizó mediante encuestas online destinadas a personas mayores de 50 años españolas, donde se incluyó la valoración de sociodemográficos, junto con aspectos específicos de la pandemia y una escala sobre actividades de la vida diaria realizada ad-hoc basada en instrumentos validados. Los resultados ponen de manifiesto que las AVD se han visto afectadas durante el confinamiento en personas de mediana y avanzada edad, especialmente las ABVD. Se ha encontrado una relación entre mantener las ABVD y un mejor estado anímico, así como una relación entre edad y mantener ese tipo de actividades.

Objetivo. Estudiar las transiciones de la discapacidad de acuerdo con la afiliación a servicios de salud en adultos mayores de 50 años en México, así como el conjunto de variables socioeconómicas y de salud asociadas. Material y métodos. La información proviene de la Encuesta Nacional de Salud y Envejecimiento en México (Enasem-encuesta). Se ajustaron 20 modelos de regresión para las transiciones de la discapacidad medida a través de actividades básicas de la vida diaria en el periodo 2012-15, usando variables socioe­conómicas y de salud. Resultados. Los afiliados al Seguro Popular tuvieron la mayor frecuencia de transición hacia la discapacidad con 13.26%. La afiliación a instituciones de sa­lud no tuvo relación con ninguna de las cuatro transiciones estudiadas. Las enfermedades asociadas con el desarrollo de discapacidad varían de acuerdo con la afiliación. Conclu­siones. Los factores socioeconómicos y de salud asociados con las transiciones de la discapacidad son diferentes entre afiliaciones.

In Mexico, there are few reports on the cognitive, functional, mood and quality of life status of older adults (OA) from rural communities. This work aimed to describe the relationships between schooling, age, sex, cognitive status, depressive symptoms, and degree of independence for activities of daily living associated with aging, in an OA group from a rural community, with emphasis on the differences of gender with respect to schooling. Ninety-four OA participated (58 women and 36 men) from 60 to 89 years old, (average age 72.62 years). Cognitive skills (CASI), basic activities of daily living (Katz Index), instrumental activities of daily living (Lawton and Brody Index) and presence of depression (GDS) were evaluated. The average schooling of the sample was 3.2 years. In the CASI, 64.89% presented scores around the population mean, 16% obtained scores indicative of possible cognitive impairment and 19.15% obtained "norma l" scores according to the criteria published for this instrument. Sixteen percent of the sample had low cognitive performance, mainly women with low schooling. A gender inequality was identified, reflected in the low educational level of women aged 70-89 years, which possibly influences their cognitive status. In contrast, the OA presented a low incidence of depressive symptoms and scores that indicate independence to perform activities of daily living, which is possibly related to the physical activity they carry out in agricultural and domestic tasks, and to an active network of social support empirically detected within this community. For future generations, it is desirable to attenuate the gender inequality evidenced in this study, improving access to education and the general level of schooling, particularly in women. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The functioning of the frontal lobes is related to executive functions, which are human high order mental functions. These functions are altered in major depressive disorder (MDD) and may alter the daily living activities of patients. We conducted a neuropsychological testing of frontal lobes with a group of pharmacological treated outpatients with MDD diagnosis and without drug treatment (n = 14) and contrasted with a control group (n=7). The results indicate that patients with clinical pharmacology treatment show a better performance in executive functions neuropsychological tests. Specially in metamemory, planning, working memory, inhibitory control and follow-up instructions, as well as attentional control and memory. However, this clinical pharmacology treated patients still have difficulty on planning, remembering, and manipulating information needed in daily living activities. This suggests that clinical pharmacological treatment may partially improve executive functioning of patients with MDD. However, patients still experience difficulties in daily living activities. As conclusion, it may be important the inclusion of neuropsychological or cognitive therapies, involving executive functions therapy to come along with clinical pharmacology therapy for MDD patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objetivo: determinar la relación entre cognición y capacidad funcional en el adulto mayor.Método: Investigación descriptiva transversal, correlacional, realizada en 2015-2016 en La Libertad (Perú) con 1110 adultos mayores de 60 años y más, ambos sexos, aptos o no física y mentalmente, quienes cumplieron los criterios de inclusión y aceptaron voluntariamente participar en el estudio. Se midieron las variables cognición con el Minimental State Examination (MMSE) de Folstein y cols, la capacidad funcional con el indice de Katz para actividades básicas de la vida diaria (ABVD) y la escala de Lawton y Brody para las actividades instrumentales de la vida diaria (AIVD). Recolectada la información, se hizo un análisis bivariado para determinar la relación entre las variables utilizando la prueba chi cuadrado.Resultados: El mayor porcentaje (22.7%) de los adultos fue 60-64 años, 58.8% mujeres, 47.4% con instrucción primaria, 93.6 % cognición normal, y 83,4 y 60 % fueron independientes en actividades básicas de la vida diaria y en actividades instrumentales de la vida diaria, respectivamente. Existe relación altamente significativa entre cognición y capacidad funcional de las actividades básicas de la vida diaria (x2=206.0 valor p= 0.000) y actividades instrumentales de la vida diaria (x2=289.0 valor p= 0.000).Conclusiones: Existe una íntima relación entre la cognición y la capacidad funcional a través de las actividades de la vida diaria determinantes importantes para el envejecimiento saludable y bienestar en la vejez, y para enfermería son desafíos promover y/o mantener estos determinantes al nivel más alto posible.

In the design of cross-sectional studies, the measurement of the components of the architectural design (baseline state, maneuver, and outcome) are measured simultaneously, for this reason it is relevant to try to respect that the maneuver is prior to the outcome, in this way, in the present study it was considered to exclude subjects with a history of alterations that generate alterations of cognitive function. However, the presence of conditions such as dependence on basic activities of daily living has not been shown to be a condition related to impaired cognitive function, which is why it was included as one of the factors studied. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Portuguesa de Enfermagem de Reabilitação is the property of Associacao Portuguesa dos Enfermeiros de Reabilitacao (APER) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Aging is a stage in which there are morpho-physiological changes that affect the functional capacity and significantly influence their well-being. The main objective was to determine the sociodemographic and clinical factors associated with the physical functionality of the elderly in the popular medical center of Azogues, with the purpose of generating a nursing action plan. Methodology: Quantitative, correlational, cross-sectional, retrospective study. With a population of 243 clinical histories of older adults 2019-2020, sociodemographic data, morbidity and performance of basic and instrumental activities of daily living were evaluated, in relation to clinical variables, most of the population studied did not present any pathology, but it is important to note that there are important data on arterial hypertension and diabetes mellitus, and these results should be considered for future research or action plans for these groups. The evaluation of the functionality of basic activities yielded important data equivalent to the need for help to perform basic activities, as well as the application of the Lawton and Brody Scale, which showed the need for support to perform instrumental activities, and the evaluation of geriatric depression showed mild depression. Conclusion: The functional capacity of the elderly in the Centro Médico Popular de Azogues is determined by age, sociodemographic characteristics and nutritional evaluation; generating an opportunity for intervention at the primary level of the elderly. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective. To study the transitions of disability according to health insurance in the population of adults over 50 in Mexico, as well as the set of socioeconomic and health variables associated with these transitions. Materials and methods. Data comes from the Mexican Health and Aging Study (MHAS). Twenty regression models were fitted for the transitions of disability measured through activities of daily living in the period 2012-15, using socioeconomic and health as explanatory variables. Results. Enrollees with Seguro Popular had the highest frequency of transition to disability with 13.26%. Health insurance was not found to be related to any of the four transitions studied. Diseases associated with the development of disability vary according to health insurance. Conclusions. The socioeconomic and health factors associated with disability transitions are different between health insurance enrolees. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introducción: La calidad de vida relacionada con salud (CVRS) en la esclerosis múltiple (EM), puede verse afectada por factores físicos, clínicos y sociodemográficos. Objetivo: Determinar el efecto de factores sociodemográficos, clínicos y físicos en la calidad de vida (CV) de pacientes con EM. Métodos: Se aplicó el instrumento WHOQOL-BREF de la OMS a 173 pacientes de una institución de salud. Se realizó análisis descriptivo de características sociodemográficas, clínicas y físicas y sus puntajes de CV. Se observó la asociación entre CV global con factores sociodemográficos, clínicos y físicos; finalmente, por medio de análisis multivariado. Resultados: El 80,3% fueron mujeres, la mediana de edad de 43 años (RIC= 51-35). La fatiga fue el síntoma más frecuente ((71%). Los factores de riesgo para tener peor CV fueron: sexo femenino (RP=6,92. IC 95% 1,8-26,58), alteración en control de esfínteres (RP= 6,10 IC 95% 1,26-29,51), trastornos cognitivos (RP=4,46 IC 95% 1,07-18,56), riesgo de depresión (RP= 3,82 IC 95% 1,01-14,38) y no realizar fisioterapia (RP= 4,48 IC 95% 1,08-18,34). Conclusiones: La afectación de CV en la EM, según factores sociodemográficos y clínicos es variable. Evaluar la CVRS en la práctica clínica, permite entender el comportamiento y necesidades del paciente para intervenir factores de riesgo.

This descriptive transversal research studies frailty situation in older adults and basic and instrumental activities of daily living relationship through a 194 old institucionalized people sample. Frailty is measured with the Short Physical Performance Battery; basic activities of daily living with Barthel Index and instrumental activities of daily living with Lawton and Brody scale. Descriptive results show how the arithmetical averages in both activities of daily living decrease as the continuum robust-prefrail-frail-dependent advances towards dependency. There are significant differences in all subscales of Short Physical Performance Battery, as well as in Barthel and Lawton and Brody (p,001). Regarding to Barthel and SPPB groups, significant differences among all of them were found (,007p,001), except in the robust-prefrail relation, where differences are not meaningful. Concerning Lawton and Brody, differences are significant (,041p,001); except in fragil-prefrail relation. The differences found between groups allow an early diagnosis and interventions aimed to prevent or reverse the progress towards a dependency situation.

Introducción: La alteración visual puede producir cambios en la marcha y afectar la autonomía del adulto mayor, entendida como la necesidad de ayuda de otras personas o aditamentos para realizar, adecuadamente, sus actividades de la vida diaria. Objetivo: Conocer la relación entre la capacidad de marcha y dependencia funcional en adultos mayores con alteración de la agudeza visual. Material y métodos: Estudio descriptivo y correlacional, en una población de adultos mayores con alteración de la agudeza visual, muestra conformada por 94 adultos mayores. La marcha se midió con el sistema GAITRite, para la dependencia en Actividades Básicas de la Vida Diaria, se utilizó el Índice de Barthel, para las Actividades Instrumentales de la Vida Diaria el índice de Lawton y Brody. Resultados: La capacidad de marcha y dependencia funcional, presentó relación positiva entre la velocidad de marcha (p = 0.000) y longitud del paso (p = 0.000) con las ABVD; la velocidad de marcha (p = 0.000), cadencia (p = 0.023) y longitud del paso (p = 0.000) con las AIVD y relación negativa entre la amplitud del paso (p = 0.012) y AIVD. Conclusión: La valoración de la marcha en los AM con alteración en la agudeza visual, desde el primer nivel de atención, permitirá desarrollar intervenciones y programas encaminados a preservar la independencia del adulto mayor, reducir las tasas de morbilidad, disminuir costos en salud y contribuir en una mejor calidad de vida.

Objective: The main objective of this research is to familiarize ourselves with the figure of the personal assistant for disabled people. It also seeks to reveal the importance of professionalized care and accompaniment compared with family care. Methods: Joint research consisting of the review of official databases, as well as the performance of semi-structured interviews with 11 professional nurses belonging to the Public Health Service of Galicia (Spain). Results: The results suggest that the figure of the personal assistant is still not predominant in the provision of services for people with disabilities. The interviewed nursing staff considered that the functions of personal assistance should be clearly professionalized due to their specific characteristics. Conclusions: The results of this study constitute a framework for reflection on intervention and support for people with disabilities. No doubt, interdisciplinary work is necessary within a joint approach of professionals with health and social training.

Objetivo: Describir el estado funcional, calidad de vida y el grado de debilidad adquirida de los sujetos que ingresan a la sala de clínica médica (SCM) luego de haber cursado internación en área cerrada. Materiales y método: Estudio descriptivo. Se incluyeron mayores de 18 años con al menos 48 hs de internación en área cerrada, que ingresaron a un hospital público de CABA desde el 1° de junio hasta el 31 de octubre de 2019. Se registraron variables demográficas, calidad de vida y capacidad funcional. Se realizó un seguimiento telefónico al mes y tres meses del alta hospitalaria. Para la evaluación de las variables primarias se utilizaron el EuroQol 5D-5L (EQ-5D y EQ-VAS) y el Índice de Barthel (IB). Resultados: Se analizaron 36 sujetos. El EQ-VAS de ingreso fue de 50 (37,5-57,5) y de egreso 65 (50-70). El EQ-5D para sus cinco esferas se modificó positivamente durante la estadía en SCM. La mayoría se reportó como independiente previo al ingreso hospitalario, pero al ingresar a la SCM, al egreso y durante el seguimiento, mantuvieron algún nivel de dependencia. Conclusión: Este estudio describe la calidad de vida y capacidad funcional de 36 sujetos al ingreso a SCM, su evolución hasta el alta hospitalaria y un seguimiento a un mes y tres meses.

El envejecimiento es un proceso multifactorial donde se evidencian cambios nutricionales y funcionales que llegan a condicionar la calidad de vida de este grupo poblacional. El tamizaje nutricional y la evaluación funcional permitirán identificar factores de riesgo en forma precoz, permitiendo brindarles una intervención nutricional temprana.

RESUMEN La cognición cotidiana consiste en la aplicación de las habilidades cognitivas básicas y el conocimiento del dominio específico para la resolución de problemas que se integran dentro de los dominios instrumentales de funcionamiento. Para valorar la cognición cotidiana, existen evaluaciones que presentan problemas cotidianos cognitivamente desafiantes, pertenecientes a actividades instrumentales, cuyo objetivo es evaluar el funcionamiento cognitivo dentro de estos dominios en el mundo real. Objetivo principal: Analizar la diferencia existente entre la realización de programas de estimulación cognitiva tradicionales y programas de intervención directa en cognición cotidiana. Metodología: Estudio experimental, aleatorizado, estratificado, prospectivo, longitudinal mediante un esquema de asignación fija con grupo experimental y grupo control. La población a estudio fueron adultos mayores sanos de la ciudad de Salamanca que participaron en los programas de terapia ocupacional. La intervención constó de un programa específico de estimulación en cognición cotidiana. Para la evaluación se utilizó la ERFC (evaluación rápida de las funciones cognitivas) para medir la función cognitiva global y la ECB (Everyday Cognition Battery) para medir la cognición cotidiana. Resultados: Muestra total de pacientes (n = 147) compuesta por 19 hombres y 128 mujeres, con una edad media de 75 años. Se observaron diferencias estadísticamente significativas (p < 0,001) en la variable ECB, así como diferencias estadísticamente significativas (p < 0,05) en los ítems “total”, “cálculo”, “razonamiento”, “comprensión” y “reconocimiento visual”. Conclusiones: La utilización combinada de estimulación cognitiva tradicional y entrenamiento en cognición cotidiana presenta mayores beneficios en términos de cognición cotidiana que la utilización exclusiva de estimulación cognitiva en adultos mayores.

From the psychosocial rehabilitation perspective, the use of instruments based on a theoretical framework to assess the level of functioning in activities of daily living with good clinimetric properties is essential for people diagnosed with schizophrenia. In Spain, scales translated from other languages, usually English, are very frequently used; this involves a process of adaptation, beyond translation. The objective of this study was to review and compare a series of different scales used in psychosocial functioning assessment in the Spanish population focused on daily living activities. The selected instruments have been adapted into Spanish over the last 19 years and are aimed at people diagnosed with a severe mental disorder, usually schizophrenia. The results showed that the number of instruments adapted to the Spanish population was small, with several shortcomings in the adaptation process, either in translation, the confusion of concepts or metric properties of the scale. In conclusion, the conceptualisation and assessment of functioning in this field remains a complex and controversial issue. The development of new instruments based on a theoretical approach, such as the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF)1 may be a great help in improving the psychosocial treatment of people diagnosed with a psychotic disorder. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Digital platforms are a resource in health. Objective: The study aims to describe the design, development, and validation of the content of the feeding a person, for integration into a digital platform, designed to support family caregivers. Methodology: The production of content was carried out by a focus group that, based on the literature and through the plain language methodology, designed the material to be included in the platform. The material produced was validated by 15 experts using the Delphi technique and subsequently subjected to evaluation by 8 caregivers. Results: Dentition, dietary needs, hydration, care before, during, and after feeding the person, changes in swallowing, and special situations were the contents identified according to the needs of caregivers. The information has been refined until the final structure and contents presented a simple language, logical organization, appropriate to the little differentiated population with low health literacy. Conclusion: The contents were considered facilitators of informed decision-making by caregivers of people with impaired self-feeding. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Digital platforms are a resource in health. Objective: The study aims to describe the design, development, and validation of the content of the feeding a person, for integration into a digital platform, designed to support family caregivers. Methodology: The production of content was carried out by a focus group that, based on the literature and through the plain language methodology, designed the material to be included in the platform. The material produced was validated by 15 experts using the Delphi technique and subsequently subjected to evaluation by 8 caregivers. Results: Dentition, dietary needs, hydration, care before, during, and after feeding the person, changes in swallowing, and special situations were the contents identified according to the needs of caregivers. The information has been refined until the final structure and contents presented a simple language, logical organization, appropriate to the little differentiated population with low health literacy. Conclusion: The contents were considered facilitators of informed decision-making by caregivers of people with impaired self-feeding. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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RESUMEN Introducción: la medición de la situación de dependencia es un acto fundamental para las diferentes administraciones públicas con competencias en el campo de la salud y de los servicios sociales, para así poder planificar de forma idónea las políticas encaminadas a la atención e intervención en este ámbito. Objetivo: el objetivo del presente trabajo es analizar los instrumentos de valoración de la situación de dependencia más utilizados en España, informando de su contenido y sus campos de aplicación más relevantes. Del mismo modo, conocer en qué se diferencian estas escalas de medida, del baremo de valoración de dependencia utilizado como puerta de acceso al Sistema para la Autonomía y Atención a la Dependencia. Método: este estudio se lleva a cabo mediante una revisión bibliográfica en las siguientes bases de datos: Dialnet, Scopus, SciELO y Fisterra.com. Conclusiones: Tras la pertinente revisión de la literatura existente, los resultados apuntan a que, a causa de la variabilidad de contextos en los que se enmarcan las situaciones de dependencia, existen una gran variedad de instrumentos de medida.

The Center where the study is carried out works with the model of care centered on the person, as fundamental objective intends to maintain or improve the operation in several areas of his life, promoting social skills on residents in an individualized manner. The experience is carried out in two nursing of day (one as a control group and one experimental), directed by two occupational therapists and caregivers fixed in each one of them, located in the residence for greater Los Royales. After making an assessment prior to the residents (cognitive, physical, functional, everyday and affective life skills) and knowing their social skills and peculiarities of aging in an individualized manner, the experimental group are given guidelines to their caregivers that develop a small plan of attention focused on the person that enhances your skills and be able to personal autonomy to promote the maintenance of their capabilities and even see if this improvement is experienced in the resident. Results: The experimentation is carried out for three weeks, and then a statistical analysis with nonparametric tests, where notes the effectiveness in different areas.

Improving Katz index interpretability contributes to a better understanding of its results facilitating decision making and intervention planning. Objective: To evaluate the validity of the Katz geriatric scale in senior citizens from a Rasch model perspective. Methodology: Secondary data analysis of a population-based, cross-sectional study of health status in 4,023 senior citizens conducted in Antioquia, Colombia, in 2012. Item fit, differential item functioning, unidimensionality, reliability and item-person map analyses were performed. Results: All items adjusted to the model. Transferring and Continence showed high differential item functioning with a considerable, but statistically non-significant impact on the overall estimation. Person and Item reliability were 0.80 and 0.90 respectively. The Rasch measurement explained 61.6% of variance. Conclusion: A unidimensional interval level measure can be obtained from the Katz instrument. It is important to do more research on differential functioning of Katz's items in a way in which validity arguments on its generalization to various subpopulations could be strengthened and score interpretability could be improved. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]