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Introduction: Plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) and elevated CO2 (eCO2) have demonstrated their individual potential to enhance plant yield and quality through close interaction with rhizosphere microorganisms and plant growth. However, the efficacy of PGPR under eCO2 on rhizosphere microbiome and, ultimately, plant yield and active ingredient accumulation are not yet fully understood. Methods: This study investigated how the medicinal plant Pseudostellaria heterophylla (P. heterophylla) and its rhizosphere microbes respond to PGPR (Bacillus subtilis and Pseudomonas fluorescens) at eCO2 (1,000 ppm). Results and Discussion: It was found that the yield and active ingredient polysaccharides accumulation in the tuber of P. heterophylla were significantly increased by 38 and 253%, respectively. This promotion has been associated with increased root development and changes in the indigenous microbial community. Metagenomics analysis revealed a significant reduction in pathogenic Fusarium abundance in the rhizosphere. Potential biocontrol bacteria Actinobacteria and Proteobacteria were enriched, especially the genera Bradyrhizobium and Rhodanobacter. The reshaping of the rhizosphere microbiome was accompanied by the upregulation of biological pathways related to metabolite biosynthesis in the rhizosphere. These modifications were related to the promotion of the growth and productivity of P. heterophylla. Our findings highlighted the significant role played by PGPR in medicinal plant yield and active ingredient accumulation when exposed to eCO2. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND: Steroid-induced osteonecrosis of the femoral head is a refractory disease in the field of orthopedics. There is no definitive idea to fully explain its pathogenesis. With the increased research on the active ingredients of Panax notoginseng interfering with the signaling pathways related to various diseases, the active ingredients of Panax notoginseng that treat steroid-induced necrosis of the femoral head via the regulation of relevant signaling pathways have gradually become a hot research topic. OBJECTIVE: To systematically summarize the literature on the pathological mechanism of steroid-induced osteonecrosis of the femoral head and the regulation of signaling pathways by the active ingredients of Panax notoginseng in recent years, thereby providing a reference for the follow-up study on the active ingredients of Panax notoginseng in the treatment of this disease. METHODS: CNKI, WanFang, and PubMed were searched for relevant literature with the key words of “glucocorticoid, steroid-induced osteonecrosis of the femoral head, pathological mechanism, signaling pathway, Panax notoginseng, active ingredient” in Chinese and English. Documents related to the pathological mechanism of steroid-induced osteonecrosis of the femoral head as well as related to the intervention of active ingredients of Panax notoginseng on the signaling pathway of steroid-induced osteonecrosis of the femoral head were retrieved. A total of 63 documents were finally included according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The main ingredients of Panax notoginseng include Panax notoginseng saponins, ginsenoside, Panax notoginseng saponins, quercetin, kaempferol, etc. Panax notoginseng saponins, ginsenoside Rb1 and quercetin can promote bone repair and angiogenesis by acting on the transforming growth factor-β/bone morphogenetic protein pathway. Panax notoginseng saponins, ginsenoside CK and kaempferol can promote osteogenic differentiation and lipid metabolism by acting on the Wnt/β-catenin pathway. Panax notoginseng saponins and Panax notoginseng saponins R1/R2 act on the MAPK pathway to inhibit osteoclastogenesis and promote bone repair. Panax notoginseng saponins, ginsenoside Rb2 and quercetin can inhibit osteoclast proliferation and promote osteoblastic differentiation by acting on the RANKL/RANK/OPG pathway. Panax notoginseng saponins, quercetin and kaempferol can repair vascular injury and promote osteogenesis by acting on the hypoxia-inducible factor-1α pathway. Panax notoginseng saponins R1, quercetin combined with hydroxyapatite nanoparticles, Panax notoginseng saponins combined with polyethylene-L-lactic acid and other biomaterials have good research prospects in the treatment of steroid-induced osteonecrosis of the femoral head. The active ingredients of Panax notoginseng can regulate the signaling pathways related to steroid-induced osteonecrosis of the femoral head through various mechanisms, and play an active intervention role in the disease. However, the depth and breadth of relevant research are insufficient at present, and the future research should be based on the existing mechanism to explore the specific mechanism of Panax notoginseng regulating different pathways and the interaction between pathways, which will be beneficial to the multi-development of the active ingredients of Panax notoginseng in the treatment of steroid-induced osteonecrosis of the femoral head. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Polygonatum sibiricum, a plant homologous to both medicine and food, is of significant importance. Its primary active components include polysaccharides, saponin, flavonoids, polyphenols, and alkaloids. These constituents are known for their roles in enhancing immune function, combating fatigue, providing anti-oxidative benefits, reducing blood sugar, and offering anti-inflammatory effects. Consequently, P. sibiricum presents wide-ranging prospects in health food and pharmaceutical research and development. This paper provides a comprehensive summary of research advancements in the polysaccharides, flavonoids, saponins, and solomonseal rhizome extract of P. sibiricum, particularly in metabolic regulation. It delves into the mechanisms by which the main active substances of P. sibiricum influence glucose and lipid metabolism. Simultaneously, the paper analyzes current patents and the state of industrial development related to P. sibiricum, aiming to provide a reference for future research and development of metabolic regulation functional products based on this plant. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Two years of monthly sampling and hydrological monitoring were performed at the outlet of a Mediterranean watershed in northern Tunisia to determine the contents of 469 pesticide active ingredients and metabolites in water and evaluate their behavior. Wadi Guenniche is a tributary of the Bizerte coastal lagoon, with a watershed area of 86 km2, which exhibits pluvial cereal, legume, and orchid cultivation and irrigated market gardening. Twenty-nine pesticide active ingredients and 2 metabolites were detected in water. Twenty-four pesticide active ingredients were authorized for use in Tunisia. Among them, 14 had never been mentioned in previous farmer surveys. Five herbicides and their metabolites were the most frequently detected: aminomethylphosphonic acid (AMPA) (100%), glyphosate (94%), simazine (94%), 2,4-D (70%), and deisopropylatrazine (DIA) (47%). The detection frequency and concentration range suggested that the phytosanitary pressure and resulting water contamination are close to those on the northern Mediterranean shore. These results, in addition to characterizing the pollution state, emphasized the need for additional studies on the use and fate of pesticides on the southern shore of the Mediterranean Sea, particularly in Tunisia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Food Safety & Quality is the property of Journal of Food Safety & Quality Editorial Department and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Dendrobium hybrids have a significant role in the present floral sector. The aim of this research was to evaluate how various light qualities affect the physiological and biochemical traits of Dendrobium 'Shuijing'. In order to determine the optimal light quality for in vitro cultivation of Dendrobium plantlets, we examined the correlations between growth, antioxidant capacity, and nutrient and chlorophyll levels, as well as chlorophyll fluorescence. The growth rate was compared by using different light qualities emitted by the LED light source. These included red light (R), blue light (B), and three ratios: 8R:2B, 7R:3B, and equal proportions of both colors, known as white, fluorescent light (CK). The combination of 7R:3B resulted in noticeable enhancements in leaf count, root length, root activity, fresh and dry weight measurements, antioxidant capability, as well as chlorophyll content and fluorescence. Specifically, the mixture of red and blue LED lights at a ratio of 7R:3B led to increased leaf number, root length, root activity, fresh and dry weight measurements, antioxidant ability, and chlorophyll content with improved fluorescence. In order to explore the effect of light quality on the growth and development of Dendrobium, the chlorophyll content and chlorophyll fluorescence parameters of plants under all light quality conditions were analyzed by using a linear regression model with other physiological and biochemical indexes. A significant correlation between non-photochemical quenching (NPQ) and leaf length was also observed. The content of chlorophyll b showed significant correlations with both root number and leaf number. Furthermore, chlorophyll a, along with its ratio to chlorophyll b, significantly correlated with root length. Chlorophyll b and the relative electron transport rate of PSII (ETRII) significantly correlated with root activity and the free proline content (FPC) and catalase (CAT) activity. The photochemical quenching coefficient (qP) significantly correlated with total soluble sugars content (SSC) and peroxidase (POD) activity. The correlation between the quantum yield of PSII (Fv/Fm ratio) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity was found to be significant. Similarly, the effective quantum yield of PSII photochemistry (ΦPSII) showed significant correlations with fresh weight, dry weight, soluble protein content (SPC), and ascorbate peroxidase (APX) activity. Through a principal component analysis (PCA), it was observed that plants cultivated under the 7R:3B light treatment achieved significantly better comprehensive scores compared to those grown under different light treatments. In conclusion, growth achieved under an LED emitting a ratio of 7R:3B light yielded the most robust Dendrobium hybrid plantlets within a controlled environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Food Research & Development is the property of Food Research & Development Editorial Department and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Introduction: As a new discipline, network pharmacology has been widely used to disclose the material basis and mechanism of Traditional Chinese Medicine in recent years. However, numerous researches indicated that the material basis of TCMs identified based on network pharmacology was the mixtures of beneficial and harmful substances rather than the real material basis. In this work, taking the anti-NAFLD (non-alcoholic fatty liver disease) effect of Bai Shao (BS) as a case, we attempted to propose a novel bioinformatics strategy to uncover the material basis and mechanism of TCMs in a precise manner. Methods: In our previous studies, we have done a lot work to explore TCMinduced hepatoprotection. Here, by integrating our previous studies, we developed a novel computational pharmacology method to identify hepatoprotective ingredients from TCMs. Then the developed method was used to discover the material basis and mechanism of Bai Shao against Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease by combining with the techniques of molecular network, microarray data analysis, molecular docking, and molecular dynamics simulation. Finally, literature verification method was utilized to validate the findings. Results: A total of 12 ingredients were found to be associated with the anti-NAFLD effect of BS, including monoterpene glucosides, flavonoids, triterpenes, and phenolic acids. Further analysis found that IL1-ß, IL6, and JUN would be the key targets. Interestingly, molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulation analysis showed that there indeed existed strong and stable binding affinity between the active ingredients and the key targets. In addition, a total of 23 NAFLD-related KEGG pathways were enriched. The major biological processes involved by these pathways including inflammation, apoptosis, lipid metabolism, and glucose metabolism. Of note, there was a great deal of evidence available in the literature to support the findings mentioned above, indicating that our method was reliable. Discussion: In summary, the contributions of this work can be summarized as two aspects as follows. Firstly, we systematically elucidated the material basis and mechanism of BS against NAFLD from multiple perspectives. These findings further enhanced the theoretical foundation of BS on NAFLD. Secondly, a novel computational pharmacology research strategy was proposed, which would assist network pharmacology to uncover the scientific connotation TCMs in a more precise manner. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Different extracting solvents could affect the metabolite profile in Flos Sophorae Immaturus (FSl). • MeOH and AcOH extracts of FSI displayed higher yields and stronger antioxidant activity, while EtOH and EA extracts showed greater antibacterial capabilities. • Metabolite profiling of FSl extracts by UHPLC-QE-MS. Flos Sophorae immaturus (FSI), the flower bud of the leguminous plant Sophora japonica L., is a traditional medicinal herb widely used for blood pressure reduction and as a food source. The composition and concentration of metabolites in FSI can vary with the use of different extraction solvents, making it crucial to assess an effective extraction solvent with high bioactivity. This study aims to evaluate the effects of five extraction solvents - water, EtOH (ethanol), MeOH (methanol), AcOH (acetic acid), and EA (ethyl acetate) – applied to FSI. The functional role of FSI in antioxidant and antimicrobial properties was explored. Additionally, we analyzed the differences in bioactive components of FSI extracts from the five solvents using Ultra-High Performance Liquid Chromatography- Q Exactive-Mass Spectrometry (UHPLC-QE-MS). Results indicate that AcOH yielded the highest extraction rate (51.34 ± 0.38 %), while EA had the lowest yield (6.07 ± 0.17 %). The total flavonoid content (TFC), total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC), and DPPH radical scavenging ability of the MeOH extract were significantly higher than those of other solvent extracts (P < 0.05). The impact of different solvents on total phenolic content (TPC) and ·OH radical scavenging rate of FSI extracts followed a similar trend, with AcOH > MeOH > EtOH > water > EA. UHPLC-QE-MS analysis revealed differences in composition and content of the extracts among the five solvents, mainly in flavonoids, alkaloids, terpenes, vitamins, steroids, and lignans. EtOH and EA extracts exhibited inhibitory effects on Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus , showing a dependence on mass and concentration. None of the extracts were inhibitory against Aspergillus niger and Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Overall, MeOH and AcOH extracts of FSI displayed higher yields and stronger antioxidant activity, while EtOH and EA extracts showed greater antibacterial capabilities compared to other solvents. These findings may contribute to further research on the commercial prospects of FSI in the food and pharmaceutical industries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Polygonatum sibiricum, a plant homologous to both medicine and food, is of significant importance. Its primary active components include polysaccharides, saponin, flavonoids, polyphenols, and alkaloids. These constituents are known for their roles in enhancing immune function, combating fatigue, providing anti-oxidative benefits, reducing blood sugar, and offering anti-inflammatory effects. Consequently, P. sibiricum presents wide-ranging prospects in health food and pharmaceutical research and development. This paper provides a comprehensive summary of research advancements in the polysaccharides, flavonoids, saponins, and solomonseal rhizome extract of P. sibiricum, particularly in metabolic regulation. It delves into the mechanisms by which the main active substances of P. sibiricum influence glucose and lipid metabolism. Simultaneously, the paper analyzes current patents and the state of industrial development related to P. sibiricum, aiming to provide a reference for future research and development of metabolic regulation functional products based on this plant.

The increasing prevalence of depression is a major societal burden. The etiology of depression involves multiple mechanisms. Thus, the outcomes of the currently used treatment for depression are suboptimal. The anti-depression effects of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) formulations have piqued the interest of the scientific community owing to their multi-ingredient, multi-target, and multi-link characteristics. According to the TCM theory, the functioning of the kidney is intricately linked to that of the brain. Clinical observations have indicated the therapeutic potential of the kidney-tonifying formula Erxian Decoction (EXD) in depression. This review aimed to comprehensively search various databases to summarize the anti-depression effects of EXD, explore the underlying material basis and mechanisms, and offer new suggestions and methods for the clinical treatment of depression. The clinical and preclinical studies published before 31 August 2023, were searched in PubMed, Google Scholar, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, and Wanfang Database. This review followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. Clinical studies have demonstrated that EXD exhibits therapeutic properties in patients with menopausal depression, postpartum depression, and maintenance hemodialysis-associated depression. Meanwhile, preclinical studies have reported that EXD and its special chemical markers exert antidepression effects by modulating monoamine neurotransmitter levels, inhibiting neuroinflammation, augmenting synaptic plasticity, exerting neuroprotective effects, regulating the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, promoting neurogenesis, and altering cerebrospinal fluid composition. Thus, the antidepression effects of EXD are mediated through multiple ingredients, targets, and links. However, further clinical and animal studies are needed to investigate the anti-depression effects of EXD and the underlying mechanisms and offer additional evidence and recommendations for its clinical application. Moreover, strategies must be developed to improve the quality control of EXD. This review provides an overview of EXD and guidance for future research direction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the process of human lipid metabolism, the abnormality of lipids and their metabolites can increase the risk of suffering from a variety of diseases. Therefore, maintaining normal lipid metabolism level is helpful for the body to maintain a healthy state. Tea is one of the most widely consumed beverages in the world. Its rich contents and active ingredients have been proved to have a significant effect on reducing body fat and preventing obesity. In the way that tea regulates lipid metabolism, its active ingredients can interact with gut microbiota, improve the composition and homeostasis of gut microbiota, help to maintain intestinal barrier function, and regulate fat consumption and accumulation, which is an important part of tea participating in lipid metabolism. This review focuses on the active components of tea, including tea polyphenols, tea polysaccharides and caffeine, which regulate the biological functions of intestinal microecology in different ways, such as the relative abundance of bacteria, bile acid metabolism, and the interaction between bacteria and tea metabolites, thus affecting lipid metabolism, providing the latest scientific evidence for related research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, the active ingredients of compound Chinese herbal formulas (Chaihu, Cassia seed, Zexie, Huangqi, Turmeric, Chenpi) was extracted using the method of water extraction and alcohol precipitation, and explored the effects of the extracted active ingredients on lipid metabolism in high-fat diet mice. Eighty mice were randomly divided into four groups: control group (CK group), high-fat diet group (HFD group), low-dose group of compound Chinese herbal extract (L-CCME group), and high-dose group of compound Chinese herbal extract (H-CCME group). The experimental period was 6 weeks. Mice were weighed weekly during the experiment. At the end of the experiment, serum, liver, and intestinal tissues of mice were collected, the corresponding reagent kit was used to dectet the content of triglycerides, total cholesterol, high-density lipo‐ protein, low-density lipoprotein, Il-6, TNF- α, ALT and AST in serum, as well as the content of IL-6 and TNF-α in the intestine. Fluorescence quantitative PCR and protein immunoblotting were used to detect the mRNA and protein expression levels of FAS and CPT-I in liver. The results showed that compared with the CK group, the serum levels of ALT, AST, TC, and TG in the HFD group mice were significantly increased, indicating successful modeling (P<0.05). Compared with the HFD group, the weight of mice in the H-CCME group decreased significantly (P<0.05). At the end of the experiment, the levels of TC, TG, and LDL-C in the H-CCME group mice were significantly reduced, while HDL-C was significantly increased (P<0.05). In addition, compared with the HFD group, the level of IL-6 and TNF-α in the serum and intestines of H-CCME group mice significantly decreased (P<0.05), and the fat con‐ tent in feces increased (P<0.05). The mRNA and protein expression levels of CPT-I of H-CCME group mice were significantly increased, while the mRNA and protein expression levels of FAS were significantly reduced (P<0.05). Therefore, compound herbal extracts can effectively treat lipid metabolism abnormalities caused by high-fat diet, and the optimal dosage is 400 mg/kg. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bryophyllum pinnatum (Lam) Pers (Crassulaceae) is used in traditional medicine to treat inflammatory diseases. There is preclinical and clinical evidence that proves its anti-inflammatory effect. This species is a good source of phenolic compounds such as flavonoids, being quercetin 3- O - L- arabinopyranosyl-(1→2)- O-L -rhamnopyranoside (Bp1), the main compound. However, to ensure the reproducibility of raw material as an active pharmaceutical ingredient, it is necessary to standardize the production chain from cultivation to the final product. The aim of this study was to understand whether water stress increases the phenolic content in B. pinnatum leaves and its effect on the modulation of anti-inflammatory and antioxidant responses. B. pinnatum was submitted to drought stress, with daily watering suspended for specified periods: 0, 5, 10, 20, and 30 days, along with a cyclic regimen involving 10 days of water deprivation followed by 10 days of regular watering for recovery (denoted as T0, T5t, T10t, T20t, T30t, and T10tcyc, respectively). For each water stress treatment (n = 10), there were control plants (n = 10) that received daily watering. After treatment, dry leaf extracts from each sample were prepared. Subsequently, the total flavonoids (TFC) and total phenolics (TPC) content were performed using spectrophotometric tests. Ultrafast liquid chromatography was used to quantify the main compound (Bp1) in the extracts. Extracts under different stress conditions showed no signs of cytotoxicity (RAW 264.7 cells) and were able to donate electrons in in vitro assays (CAT, reducing power, and DPPH). Extracts with high TPC (T20t and T30t) in the ear edema model induced by croton oil at a dose of 200 mg/kg orally showed an anti-inflammatory effect when compared to positive control, dexamethasone (1 mg/kg, orally). Regarding the Bp1 content, no major differences between the groups were observed. The results demonstrate that water stress is a promising and sustainable strategy for cultivating B. pinnatum to increase the phenolic content and positively modulate its pharmacological effects. Therefore, phenolic-rich extract of B. pinnatum can be obtained with low water resource consumption and it is a good source to use as an active ingredient in herbal medicines or supplements. [Display omitted] • Drought stress significantly increases the phenolic content in B. pinnatum leaf extract, thereby increasing its antioxidant properties. • Under drought stress conditions, B. pinnatum extracts exhibit no cytotoxicity and promote anti-inflammatory responses in a preclinical model. • The extracts with high total phenolics exhibit anti-inflammatory effects comparable to the positive control, dexamethasone. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Commercial & Intellectual Property Law (TFM) / Ticaret ve Fikri Mülkiyet Hukuku Dergisi is the property of Ankara Yildirim Beyazit University, Facult of Law and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Intercropping is an effective cultivation strategy for promoting soil health, changing microbial community, reducing fertiliser application and enhancing the quality of medicinal plants. Nevertheless, the interaction effect of intercropping between Arisaema amurense and Acanthopanax senticosus remains unknown. Herein, we investigated the difference in soil properties, soil enzyme activities, microbial community diversity and active ingredients of A. senticosus in monoculturing versus intercropping of A. senticosus/A. amurense in a field experiment. High-throughput sequencing and liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry were employed to explore the growth promotion effect in the intercropping mode. Results revealed that intercropping benefitted the accumulation of ammonium nitrogen and total nitrogen in soil; total nitrogen and ammonium nitrogen increased by 33% (rhizosphere) and 65% (inter-row) and by 123% (rhizosphere) and 124% (inter-row) at 0–20 cm soil depths, respectively. Furthermore, intercropping increased the soil carbon/nitrogen ratio at the soil from 20 to 40 cm and promoted the growth of the root system of the deep-rooted plant A. senticosus. However, it exerted a certain inhibitory effect on the activities of urease, sucrase and neutral phosphatase on the soil surface. Intercropping increased bacterial diversity and inhibited fungal diversity in soil, potentially preventing the soil microflora changed from bacterial type to fungal type. In terms of community composition, intercropping exhibited a greater effect on bacteria than on fungi. At the phylum level, the relative abundance of microorganisms associated with nutrient cycling and increased ecosystem resistance increased in intercropped soils, such as those of Proteobacteria, Actinobacteriota and Bacteroidota. At the genus level, the bacterial genera that showed significantly increased relative abundance in intercropping soil included unclassified_Acidobacteriales, Sphingomonas, Gemmatimonas and Candidatus_Solibacter. Furthermore, the relative abundance of Cladosporium, a potential plant pathogen in intercropped rhizosphere soil, was 42% lower than that in monocultured rhizosphere soil. Additionally, intercropping can promote the accumulation of eleutheroside B, eleutheroside E, quercetin, protocatechuic acid and polysaccharide, which increased by 551%, 53%, 10%, 28% and 26%, respectively, compared with that after monoculturing. According to the Pearson correlation heat map, rapidly available phosphorus, rapidly available potassium, ammonium nitrogen, nitrate nitrogen, total nitrogen and urease exhibited the greatest impact on the soil microbial community and on the active ingredients of A. senticosus. In conclusion, intercropping altered the composition of the soil microbial community and increased the content of the active ingredients of A. senticosus, consequently begetting economic and ecological benefits. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Food Research & Development is the property of Food Research & Development Editorial Department and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

As an important trait of poultry, bone characteristics affect the healthy development of poultry. Breeding of fast weight gain broilers and laying hens with a high laying rate increases the burden on skeletal system, which easily leads to abnormal skeletal development of chickens. Bone metabolism imbalance easily affects bone health, and then affects chicken growth performance. Chinese herbal medicine has many advantages, such as abundant medicine source, many nutrients and active ingredients, good application effect, little toxic and side effects, and is not easy to produce durable medicinal properties, so it has a wide application prospect in livestock and poultry production. At present, the research on Chinese herbal medicine and its active components regulating chicken bone metabolism and bone health has become a hot spot. In this paper, the growth and development of chicken bone, the characteristics of bone metabolism and common bone diseases of chicken were briefly described, and the research on bone metabolism and bone health of chicken by Chinese herbal medicine and its active components was summarized, which provided a reference for the development and application of Chinese herbal medicine in the prevention and treatment of chicken bone diseases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Artemisia argyi leaves are a perennial herb belonging to the Asteraceae family, which has the functions of placenta placenta and hemostasis, dispelling cold and expelling dampness. Artemisia argyi leaves contains protein, fat, vitamins, mineral elements, and other nutrients, with antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and other effects. As a feed additive, Artemisia argyi leaves can enhance the growth performance and immune function of animals, as well as improve the quality of animal products. Therefore, the molecular mechanism of Artemisia argyi leaves and their active components to play related functions deserves further study. In this paper, the extraction technology, application and action mechanism of the active components of Artemisia argyi leaves were reviewed, so as to provide a reference for rational application of Artemisia argyi leaves in animal production. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: To investigate and systematically describe the mechanism of action of Prunella vulgaris (P. vulgaris) against digestive system tumors and related toxicity reduction. Methods: This study briefly describes the history of medicinal food and the pharmacological effects of P. vulgaris, focusing on the review of the anti-digestive tumor effects of the active ingredients of P. vulgaris and the mechanism of its toxicity reduction. Results: The active ingredients of P. vulgaris may exert anti-tumor effects by inducing the apoptosis of cancer cells, inhibiting angiogenesis, inhibiting the migration and invasion of tumor cells, and inhibiting autophagy. In addition, P. vulgaris active ingredients inhibit the release of inflammatory factors and macrophages and increase the level of indicators of oxidative stress through the modulation of target genes in the pathway to achieve the effect of toxicity reduction. Conclusion: The active ingredients in the medicine food homology plant P. vulgaris not only treat digestive system tumors through different mechanisms but also reduce the toxic effects. P. vulgaris is worthy of being explored more deeply. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The decline of insect pollinators is a global concern, and the use of pesticides has been identified as a potential cause for it. Glyphosate‐based herbicides (GBHs) are the world's most used pesticides, but until recent years they have been claimed to be safe for non‐target organisms, such as pollinators. Using controlled arena experiments, we investigated the effects on the learning and long‐term memory of buff‐tailed bumblebees, Bombus terrestris (L.) (Hymenoptera: Apidae), of a single field‐realistic dose of glyphosate, both in its pure form and as a commercial herbicide (Roundup Gold) containing the active ingredient (a.i.) glyphosate and other co‐formulants. We found that glyphosate in its pure form caused deterioration in the learning ability of bumblebees in a 10‐color discrimination experiment; the glyphosate‐treated bees discriminated colors over 10% worse than the untreated control bees. However, the commercially used GBH (Roundup Gold) had no observable effect on the learning ability of the bumblebees, despite the fact that this herbicide contained the same amount of glyphosate as its pure form. These findings shed light on the potential risks associated with agrochemicals previously considered safe for pollinators and emphasize the need for comprehensive risk assessments of pesticides, including evaluations of cognitive functions in pollinators. Therefore, we propose that future pesticide testing should incorporate broader assessments to ensure the safety of pollinators in agricultural landscapes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: With the increasing age of the westernized population, there is also increasing economic and aesthetic interest in reducing the signs of skin aging. Additionally, the physical aspect of aging can be displeasing and have detrimental effects psychologically in individuals. Probiotics have shown potential as anti‐aging agents, albeit proper studies are needed to confirm their potential. Aims: Proving that Lactiplantibacillus plantarum LB244R® could alleviate aging signs relative to its placebo vehicle. Patients/Methods: In total, 46 subjects were randomly assigned either the ointment with live bacteria, L. plantarum LB244R® or its vehicle ointment, and had to use the assigned ointment twice daily for 56 days. On Day 0, Day 28, and Day 56 subepidermal low echogenic band (SLEB) thickness, dermal density, skin firmness and elasticity, skin hydration, transepidermal water loss (TEWL), skin pH, collagen fiber visualization using confocal microscopy, Crow's feet, spot score, skin smoothness, and complexion radiance were assessed by dermatologists. Results: All parameters except TEWL improved relative to their baseline (D0) for the active group. L. plantarum LB244R® improved SLEB thickness, dermal density, skin elasticity, skin hydration, and Crow's feet wrinkle score relative to the placebo vehicle ointment. Conclusion: The study demonstrates an anti‐aging effect of L. plantarum LB244R® for topical skin use in the first double‐blinded, vehicle‐ointment placebo‐controlled clinical study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Ziemniak Polski is the property of Instytutem Hodowli & Aklimatyzacji Roslin - Panstwowym Instytutem Badawczym and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

IntroductionPlant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) and elevated CO2 (eCO2) have demonstrated their individual potential to enhance plant yield and quality through close interaction with rhizosphere microorganisms and plant growth. However, the efficacy of PGPR under eCO2 on rhizosphere microbiome and, ultimately, plant yield and active ingredient accumulation are not yet fully understood.MethodsThis study investigated how the medicinal plant Pseudostellaria heterophylla (P. heterophylla) and its rhizosphere microbes respond to PGPR (Bacillus subtilis and Pseudomonas fluorescens) at eCO2 (1,000 ppm).Results and DiscussionIt was found that the yield and active ingredient polysaccharides accumulation in the tuber of P. heterophylla were significantly increased by 38 and 253%, respectively. This promotion has been associated with increased root development and changes in the indigenous microbial community. Metagenomics analysis revealed a significant reduction in pathogenic Fusarium abundance in the rhizosphere. Potential biocontrol bacteria Actinobacteria and Proteobacteria were enriched, especially the genera Bradyrhizobium and Rhodanobacter. The reshaping of the rhizosphere microbiome was accompanied by the upregulation of biological pathways related to metabolite biosynthesis in the rhizosphere. These modifications were related to the promotion of the growth and productivity of P. heterophylla. Our findings highlighted the significant role played by PGPR in medicinal plant yield and active ingredient accumulation when exposed to eCO2.

In this study, a six-month pot experiment was conducted to explore the effects of nanoparticles (NPs), including CeO2, TiO2 and SiO2 NPs at 200 and 800 mg/kg, on the growth and quality of model medicinal plant Salvia miltiorrhiza. A control group was implemented without the application of NPs. Results showed that NPs had no significant effect on root biomass. Treatment with 200 mg/kg of SiO2 NPs significantly increased the total tanshinone content by 44.07 %, while 200 mg/kg of CeO2 NPs were conducive to a 22.34 % increase in salvianolic acid B content. Exposure to CeO2 NPs induced a substantial rise in the MDA content in leaves (176.25 % and 329.15 % under low and high concentration exposure, respectively), resulting in pronounced oxidative stress. However, TiO2 and SiO2 NPs did not evoke a robust response from the antioxidant system. Besides, high doses of CeO2 NP-amended soil led to reduced nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium contents. Furthermore, the NP amendment disturbed the carbon and nitrogen metabolism in the plant rhizosphere and reshaped the rhizosphere microbial community structure. The application of CeO2 and TiO2 NPs promoted the accumulation of metabolites with antioxidant functions, such as D-altrose, trehalose, arachidonic acid and ergosterol. NPs displayed a notable suppressive effect on pathogenic fungi (Fusarium and Gibberella) in the rhizosphere, while enriching beneficial taxa with disease resistance, heavy metal antagonism and plant growth promotion ability (Lysobacter, Streptomycetaceae, Bacillaceae and Hannaella). Correlation analysis indicated the involvement of rhizosphere microorganisms in plant adaptation to NP amendments. NPs regulate plant growth and quality by altering soil properties, rhizosphere microbial community structure, and influencing plant and rhizosphere microbe metabolism. These findings were beneficial to deepening the understanding of the mechanism by which NPs affect medicinal plants.

The effects of Leuconostoc mesenteroides (LM), Lactobacillus fermentum (LF), Lactobacillus rhamnosus (LR) and Lactiplantibacillus plantarum (LP) on the physicochemical properties, active ingredients, antioxidant capacity and in vitro digestion characteristics of fermented Sanhua plum juice were investigated. Results showed that all the four probiotics were able to grow normally in the Sanhua plum juice, and the viable probiotic count of fermented Sanhua plum juice was 107~108 CFU/mL after fermentation. During the fermentation, LF, LR and LP consumed the malic acid in Sanhua plum juice and produced lactic acid and acetic acid, which reduced the acidity of the Sanhua plum juice. Among the four probiotic fermented Sanhua plum juices, the juice fermented by LM could better retain its color and had higher levels of total phenols, total anthocyanins and antioxidant ability, followed by the juice fermented by LP. After in vitro digestion, the viable probiotic count, active ingredients contents and antioxidant capacity of fermented Sanhua plum juices were all decreased in different degrees. However, the juices fermented by LP and LR showed higher retention of viable probiotic, active ingredients and antioxidant activity at the end of digestion. Above results indicated that the Sanhua plum juices fermented by LP and LR not only had better retention of active ingredients and antioxidant levels, but also had better digestive tolerance. Therefore, LP and LR could be used as potential fermenting agents for high-quality fermented Sanhua plum juice, providing a theoretical basis for the development of Sanhua plum juice fermented by probiotic.

Introduction: With the increasing demand for health products derived from Polygonati rhizoma (PR), people begin to artificially plant Polygonatum cyrtonema Hua (P. cyrtonema) in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River. To promote P. cyrtonema cultivation and increase farmers' income, efforts are needed to understand the ways to obtain high-quality PR under artificial cultivation conditions. Methods: Rhizomes of artificial planting P. cyrtonema and rhizosphere soils were collected across five regions in Zhejiang Province, China. Subsequently, the contents of the main active ingredients of P. cyrtonema and soil properties were analyzed, and both rhizosphere and endophytic bacteria of P. cyrtonema were detected by 16S rDNA sequencing. The relationship between the active ingredients and soil properties, and the dominant bacteria were investigated by correlation analysis. Results: The content of active ingredients of P. cyrtonema from the five regions varied significantly, especially polysaccharides and saponins. High-throughput sequencing demonstrated that Proteobacteria was the dominant bacterial phylum in all samples, and Burkholderia-Caballeronia-Paraburkholderia was the main endophytic bacterial genus in rhizome. In addition, the bacterial diversity and richness of rhizosphere soil samples were higher than those of rhizome samples. Soil physicochemical properties and enzyme activities were significantly different across regions, leading to notable variations in the community structures of rhizosphere and endophytic bacteria. Redundancy analysis (RDA) displayed that pH and urease (UE) were the major factors altering shifting rhizosphere bacteria community structure. Moreover, the composition and diversity of rhizome endophytic bacteria were principally affected by both soil physicochemical properties and soil enzyme activities. Soil properties and bacteria from rhizosphere soil and rhizome had a considerable impact on certain active ingredients in P. cyrtonema under artificial cultivation conditions after Pearson correlation analysis. Polysaccharides were significantly correlated with nutrient-rich soil and endophytic bacteria, such as Burkholderia-Caballeronia-Paraburkholderia, Pseudomonas, Ralstonia, and Bacillus. However, flavonoids were associated with nutrient-poor soil. Saponins were positively correlated with OM and available phosphorous (AP) and were significantly negatively affected by rhizosphere bacterial communities Conclusion: The study demonstrated that bacterial microorganisms were involved in the accumulation of active ingredients of P. cyrtonema together with soil physicochemical properties and enzyme activities, which provided a theoretical basis for the scientific and effective artificial cultivation of highquality P. cyrtonema. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Qualitative analysis of A. senticosus plants in Pingliang was conducted using trait identification and microscopic identification methods, and the content of active ingredients in the leaves of A. senticosus in Pingliang was determined using high-performance liquid chromatography. Trait identification showed that the leaves of A. senticosus in Pingliang were mostly elliptic obovate or oblong, the base was broadly wedged, the edge was heavily serrated, and the leaves had special aroma. Microscopic identification showed that the powder of A. senticosus leaves in Pingliang contained many amorphous pores, threaded conduits, calcium oxalate clusters, fibers and so on. The regression equations of eleutheroside B and eleutheroside E had a good linear relationship, and the RSD of precision, stability and repeatability tests were all less than 5.00%. Among the three extraction methods, microwave ultrasonic-assisted extraction had the highest content of active components, the content of eleutheroside B and eleutheroside E was 0.085% and 0.358%, respectively; microwave extraction method followed, with contents of 0.075% and 0.328%, respectively; the ultrasonic-assisted extraction method had the lowest content, which was 0.054% and 0.222%, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Artemisia annua L. belongs to the Asteraceae family and is an annual herbaceous plant. It contains bioactive compounds such as terpenoids, flavonoids, polysaccharides, and volatile oils. Artemisia annua L. exhibits dual functions in nutrition and medicine, with various biological activity including antibacterial, anticancer, anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, antioxidant properties, and the ability to enhance productivity. In recent years, with the development of modem intensive animal husbandry, research on plant-based feed additives affecting animal health has gained widespread attention. Artemisia annua L. and its extracts, as a kind of medicinal plant rich in terpenoids and flavonoids, can enhance the immunity and antioxidant capacity of animals, and have high application research value. The article reviews the research progress on the application of Artemisia annua L. and its extracts in ruminant animal production, aiming to provide references for the further utilization of Artemisia annua L. in ruminant animal farming. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Modern toothpastes are complex formulations with various ingredients. The aim of this study was to analyze the improvement of toothpaste formulations from 1900 to 2023 focusing on active ingredients with remineralizing, antibacterial, or plaque-removing effects, and to discuss their influence on caries prevention. For this, worldwide patent applications were searched using the international database Espacenet from the European Patent Office. Additionally, toothpaste products were searched using the Mintel product database from 1996 to 2023. The searched ingredients were (in alphabetical order): calcium carbonate, calcium phosphates, hydrated silica, sodium fluoride, sodium lauryl sulfate, triclosan, xylitol, and zinc salts as they are known from the scientific literature to be remineralizing or antibacterial/antiplaque agents. It was shown that the number of patent applications containing these ingredients significantly increased since the 1970s. As these ingredients have remineralizing, antibacterial, or plaque-removing effects, they all can contribute to caries prevention. In conclusion, and within the limitations of this approach, this study shows that toothpaste formulations have greatly improved over the past decades by using various active anticaries ingredients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Copyright of Food & Fermentation Industries is the property of Food & Fermentation Industries and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Reduction of pesticide use to benefit the environment is a topical issue in the EU. There is a call for development and more widespread use of sustainable alternative weed control measures. Pyrolysis liquid (PL), a by‐product of charcoal and biochar production, contains numerous compounds, including organic acids, alcohols, phenols and furans. PL has shown promising results when used against several broad‐leaved weeds but its effect on grassy weeds is largely untested. To provide an alternative to synthetic herbicides, PL should be effective and applicable at field scale. In this research, we initially evaluated the potential of birch (Betula sp.) based PL to control mono‐ and dicotyledonous plants under greenhouse conditions and determined if efficacy is improved by addition of an adjuvant. Second, the efficacy of PL for controlling Elymus repens (L.) Gould was compared with glyphosate and two other synthetic herbicides in a no‐tillage system under field conditions. As expected, dicotyledonous plants were more sensitive to acid‐based herbicides than monocotyledonous plants. In contrast to our expectations, the herbicidal efficacy of PL was lower than an acetic acid‐based herbicide and addition of an adjuvant did not improve efficacy. In conclusion, when used at commercially and practically realistic doses, the efficacy of PL control on monocotyledonous weeds such as E. repens is weak. More product development is needed to improve PL quality and efficacy and to establish practical and cost‐effective application levels for weed control on the field scale. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Jujube is a plant native to China that could be used in medicine and food. Its dried fruit is a superior herb commonly used in traditional Chinese medicine formulations for its calming effect and for nourishing the blood and strengthening the spleen and stomach. Jujube contains numerous active components including polysaccharides, phenols, and triterpene acids, which show a diverse array of pharmacological activities such as neuroprotection and the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular diseases. In this paper, the research status of jujube over the past two decades has been statistically evaluated. Meanwhile, by tracking the latest research advances, the pharmacological efficacy and molecular mechanisms of jujube are exhaustively expounded to provide specific and systematic references for further research on the pharmacological effects of jujube and its application in the food and pharmaceutical industries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Science & Technology of Food Industry is the property of Science & Technology of Food Industry Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Sea buckthorn (Hippophae rhamnoides L.), as a multifunctional natural plant, is rich in various bioactive substances in its fruits and seed oil, especially known for its antioxidant and anti-aging effects. The aim of this research was to explore the antioxidant and anti-aging effects of sea buckthorn extract in cosmetics and to conduct in-depth research on its application in the cosmetics industry. The scavenging abilities of sea buckthorn extract on 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical (DPPH free radical) and hydroxyl radicals were evaluated through in vitro antioxidant activity tests. In addition, the human skin application tests were conducted using cosmetic samples prepared in the laboratory to evaluate their safety and anti-aging effects. The research results indicated that sea buckthorn extract had significant antioxidant activity, which could effectively eliminate free radicals, enhance cellular antioxidant capacity, and reduce environmental damage to the skin. Adding sea buckthorn extract to cosmetics could significantly enhance the antioxidant and anti-aging functions of the product. The skin application tests proved that it had good safety and user acceptance, which also indicated that sea buckthorn extract had enormous market potential and application value as an active ingredient in cosmetics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To summarize the research progress of active components and mechanism of Sambucus williamsii Hance in treating osteoporosis, and provide reference for its further research, development and utilization. Methods Using CNKI, wanfang data, VIP, Web of Science and PubMed databases, the domestic and foreign literatures published from 1992 to 2022 about Sambucus williamsii Hance in treating osteoporosis were searched, read and summarized. Results Many chemical components in Sambucus williamsii have anti-osteoporosis effects, mainly lignans. It was found that the active components of Sambucus williamsii can regulate the formation and differentiation of osteoblasts and osteoclasts, regulate ERK MAPK signal transduction pathway, participate in amino acid and lipid metabolism and inhibit osteoporosis. Conclusion Sambucus williamsii Hance has great potential in the treatment of osteoporosis, which is worthy of further study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Detergent & Cosmetics is the property of Detergent & Cosmetics Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The present narrative review seeks to unravel where we are now, and where we need to go to delineate the active ingredients in psychotherapy delivered by conversational agents (e.g., chatbots). While psychotherapy delivered by conversational agents has shown promising effectiveness for depression, anxiety, and psychological distress across several randomized controlled trials, little emphasis has been placed on the therapeutic processes in these interventions. The theoretical framework of this narrative review is grounded in prominent perspectives on the active ingredients in psychotherapy. Based on search terms derived from various theoretical perspectives, we conducted a systematic literature search of four scientific databases and identified 17 studies. Across the selected studies, three themes emerged: relationship variables, emotional venting, and cognitive factors. While methodological issues compromise the epistemic value of this evidence base, core questions also remain to be answered. Such questions include, but are not limited to, whether humans can form affectionate bonds to inanimate beings and whether these kind of mental health treatments should be understood as psychotherapy or something else. Researchers should therefore be cautious when applying theories of psychotherapy in the realm of conversational agents. We conclude the paper by introducing recommendations for future research, which we hope will help instigate methodologically sound studies in this field.

Abstract Woody edible oils are a type of vegetable oil. Woody edible oils like olive oil have greater quantities of unsaturated fatty acids (UFAs), particularly essential FAs, as well as vitamin E, phytosterols, and other nutrients that are becoming more vital in human health. As a result, finding high‐quality woody oil resource plants is critical to ensuring enough edible oil supply. As six novel woody crops, Paeonia suffruticosa, Plukenetia volubilis, Acer truncatum, Olea europaea, Camellia sinensis, and Camellia oleifera are characterized by high oil production, widespread cultivation, adaptability, and various active ingredients. The six woody crop oils contain UFAs (e.g., α‐linolenic acid, oleic acid, and linoleic acid), vitamin E, polyphenols, phytosterols, and so forth. The presence of these active ingredients confers anti‐inflammatory, antioxidant, cholesterol and lipid metabolism regulating, blood lipid lowering, immune boosting, memory improving, intestinal flora regulating, and other properties to the oils, which are beneficial to body health. This article examined in depth the seed resources, FA composition, active component kinds, active ingredient efficacy mechanism, and physiological impacts of these six novel woody crop oils. These developments lay a solid platform for further study and development of these woody oil crops.

Abstract Background Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) stands out as a primary contributor to lower respiratory tract infections and hospitalizations, particularly in infants. Lonicerae japonicae flos (LJF), a traditional Chinese medicine renowned for its efficacy against various viral infections, including RSV, has been widely employed. Despite its common use, the precise therapeutic mechanism of LJF against RSV remains elusive. This study aimed to investigate the underlying mechanism of LJF against RSV through network pharmacology and metabolomics. Methods In this study, based on network pharmacology, potential targets related to LJF and RSV were obtained from PubChem and Swiss Target Prediction. The core targets and pathways were established and verified by enrichment analysis and molecular docking. The anti-RSV efficacy of LJF was determined by in vitro experiments. Additionally, metabolomics analysis was integrated, allowing for the identification of differential metabolites and their correlation with targets following LJF treatment in the context of RSV infection. Results A total of 23 active ingredients and 780 targets were obtained, of which 102 targets were associated with LJF anti-RSV. The construction of the corresponding Protein–Protein Interaction (PPI) network unveiled potential core targets, including STAT3, TNF, and AKT1. Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analysis revealed that LJF's anti-RSV effects primarily involve key pathways such as the PI3K-Akt signaling pathway, EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor resistance, and FoxO signaling pathway. Molecular docking showed that ZINC03978781, 4,5'-Retro-.beta.,.beta.-Carotene -3,3'-dione, 4',5'-didehydro and 7-epi-Vogeloside had better binding ability. The cellular assay showed that the therapeutic index of LJF against RSV was 4.79. Furthermore, 18 metabolites were screened as potential biomarkers of LJF against RSV, and these metabolites were mainly involved in the pathways of purine metabolism, linoleic acid metabolism, alpha-linolenic acid metabolism, and other related pathways. Conclusions The intergration of network pharmacology and metabolomics can clarify the active targets and related pathways of LJF against RSV, which could provide a valuable reference for further research and clinical application of LJF.

The extraction process of gypenosides by using ultrasonic-assisted aqueous two-phase system and its hypoglycemic activity were investigated. Six kinds of aqueous two-phase systems (ATPS) composed with different components were prepared. The yield of gypenosides served as an indicator, and ATPS with the highest yield were selected. According to the single factor experiments and response surface methods, liquid material ratio, ultrasonic time and extraction temperature were optimized for the optimum extraction parameters of gypenosides. Meanwhile, the advantages of aqueous two-phase extraction was evaluated by principal component analysis, molecular docking and hypoglycemic activity. As results, 30% ethanol-20% ammonium sulfate was chosen as the optimal extraction solvent system of gypenoside, and the optimum extraction parameters were as follow: Liquid-solid ratio (28:1 mL/g), ultrasonic time (52 min) and extraction temperature (52 ℃). Under the above extraction condition, the yield of gypenoside and the inhibition IC50 value of gypenoside on α-glucosidase were 7.91% and 20.2 μg/mL, respectively. The yield of gypenoside XLIX, ginsenoside Rb3, gypenoside A and gypenoside XVII were 0.83%, 0.09%, 1.42% and 4.04%, respectively. And the binding energy between gypenoside XLIX, ginsenoside Rb3, gypenoside A and gypenoside XVII and α-glucosidase were −9.4, −7.7, −7.7, −7.7 kcal/mol, respectively. Compared with the ethanol extract, the yield and content of gypenoside, the hypoglycemic activity of ATPS extract was enhanced. Therefore, ATPS could effectively improve the extraction of gypenosides, and would provide the scientific evidence for the resource development and utilization of Gynostemma pentaphyllum.

Dendrobium hybrids have a significant role in the present floral sector. The aim of this research was to evaluate how various light qualities affect the physiological and biochemical traits of Dendrobium ‘Shuijing’. In order to determine the optimal light quality for in vitro cultivation of Dendrobium plantlets, we examined the correlations between growth, antioxidant capacity, and nutrient and chlorophyll levels, as well as chlorophyll fluorescence. The growth rate was compared by using different light qualities emitted by the LED light source. These included red light (R), blue light (B), and three ratios: 8R:2B, 7R:3B, and equal proportions of both colors, known as white, fluorescent light (CK). The combination of 7R:3B resulted in noticeable enhancements in leaf count, root length, root activity, fresh and dry weight measurements, antioxidant capability, as well as chlorophyll content and fluorescence. Specifically, the mixture of red and blue LED lights at a ratio of 7R:3B led to increased leaf number, root length, root activity, fresh and dry weight measurements, antioxidant ability, and chlorophyll content with improved fluorescence. In order to explore the effect of light quality on the growth and development of Dendrobium, the chlorophyll content and chlorophyll fluorescence parameters of plants under all light quality conditions were analyzed by using a linear regression model with other physiological and biochemical indexes. A significant correlation between non-photochemical quenching (NPQ) and leaf length was also observed. The content of chlorophyll b showed significant correlations with both root number and leaf number. Furthermore, chlorophyll a, along with its ratio to chlorophyll b, significantly correlated with root length. Chlorophyll b and the relative electron transport rate of PSII (ETRII) significantly correlated with root activity and the free proline content (FPC) and catalase (CAT) activity. The photochemical quenching coefficient (qP) significantly correlated with total soluble sugars content (SSC) and peroxidase (POD) activity. The correlation between the quantum yield of PSII (Fv/Fm ratio) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity was found to be significant. Similarly, the effective quantum yield of PSII photochemistry (ΦPSII) showed significant correlations with fresh weight, dry weight, soluble protein content (SPC), and ascorbate peroxidase (APX) activity. Through a principal component analysis (PCA), it was observed that plants cultivated under the 7R:3B light treatment achieved significantly better comprehensive scores compared to those grown under different light treatments. In conclusion, growth achieved under an LED emitting a ratio of 7R:3B light yielded the most robust Dendrobium hybrid plantlets within a controlled environment.

Copyright of Journal of Food Safety & Quality is the property of Journal of Food Safety & Quality Editorial Department and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Background: Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) stands out as a primary contributor to lower respiratory tract infections and hospitalizations, particularly in infants. Lonicerae japonicae flos (LJF), a traditional Chinese medicine renowned for its efficacy against various viral infections, including RSV, has been widely employed. Despite its common use, the precise therapeutic mechanism of LJF against RSV remains elusive. This study aimed to investigate the underlying mechanism of LJF against RSV through network pharmacology and metabolomics. Methods: In this study, based on network pharmacology, potential targets related to LJF and RSV were obtained from PubChem and Swiss Target Prediction. The core targets and pathways were established and verified by enrichment analysis and molecular docking. The anti-RSV efficacy of LJF was determined by in vitro experiments. Additionally, metabolomics analysis was integrated, allowing for the identification of differential metabolites and their correlation with targets following LJF treatment in the context of RSV infection. Results: A total of 23 active ingredients and 780 targets were obtained, of which 102 targets were associated with LJF anti-RSV. The construction of the corresponding Protein–Protein Interaction (PPI) network unveiled potential core targets, including STAT3, TNF, and AKT1. Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analysis revealed that LJF's anti-RSV effects primarily involve key pathways such as the PI3K-Akt signaling pathway, EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor resistance, and FoxO signaling pathway. Molecular docking showed that ZINC03978781, 4,5'-Retro-.beta.,.beta.-Carotene -3,3'-dione, 4',5'-didehydro and 7-epi-Vogeloside had better binding ability. The cellular assay showed that the therapeutic index of LJF against RSV was 4.79. Furthermore, 18 metabolites were screened as potential biomarkers of LJF against RSV, and these metabolites were mainly involved in the pathways of purine metabolism, linoleic acid metabolism, alpha-linolenic acid metabolism, and other related pathways. Conclusions: The intergration of network pharmacology and metabolomics can clarify the active targets and related pathways of LJF against RSV, which could provide a valuable reference for further research and clinical application of LJF. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Licorice (Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch.) is a widely recognized significant form of medicine in China, with a long-standing history and extensive usage. It is considered the oldest and most prevalent herbal medicine in China. Currently, the licorice market is confronted with the primary challenges of mixed genotypes, inconsistent quality, and inadequate glycyrrhizic acid content. Methods: We conducted field experiments to investigate the impact of various cultivation locations on the growth characteristics, active ingredients, rhizospheric soil physicochemical properties and fungal communities of licorice that ten different genotypes. Results: The findings indicated significant variations in these parameters across ten different genotypes of licorice originating from two distinct production regions. The growth characteristics of licorice were primarily influenced by genotype, whereas the active ingredients of licorice were mainly influenced by environmental factors and soil physicochemical properties. Furthermore, the rhizospheric soil physicochemical properties of licorice plants were more influenced by environmental factors than genotypes. Additionally, the distribution of rhizospheric soil fungi in licorice plants of the same genotype exhibited significant variations across different cultivation areas. The utilization of structural equation model synthesis reveals variations in the quantity and strength of pathways that influence the growth characteristics, active ingredients, and rhizospheric soil microbial community of licorice across different cultivation regions. Discussion: Based on the main results, according to its growth characteristics and active ingredients, Z009 proved to be the most suitable genotype for cultivation in Jingtai. From a perspective centered on the active ingredient, Z010 proved to be the most optimal genotype for licorice cultivation in both production areas. Our study aims to enhance the understanding of the ecological adaptability of various genotypes of licorice resources and to identify appropriate licorice genotypes for specific cultivation regions. This research holds significant practical implications for enhancing the yield and quality of licorice, thereby improving its overall development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]