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Copyright of Hungarian Medical Journal / Orvosi Hetilap is the property of Akademiai Kiado and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Contexto: el doctor Mestre describió las manifestaciones clínicas de la acromegalia en un paciente y se refirió a otros aspectos, como el diagnóstico diferencial, el tratamiento recomendado, las lesiones anatomopatológicas y las posibles causas que originaron esta enfermedad. Además, hizo mención a las investigaciones sobre esta afección y a los autores más reconocidos internacionalmente en aquellos años. Objetivo: se analizó y describió el artículo publicado por el doctor Arístides Mestre, considerado como la primera referencia detallada sobre la acromegalia publicada en Cuba. Conclusiones: se considera que el artículo del doctor Mestre constituye una joya de la literatura médica en general y endocrinológica en Cuba, por lo que debe ser conocido por las generaciones actuales y futuras de profesionales de la salud.

Copyright of Journal of the Argentine Society of Dermatology / Revista de la Journal Sociedad Argentina de Dermatología is the property of Editorial Biotecnologica S.R.L and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Acromegaly is an uncommon metabolic disorder, often diagnosed after a long delay. One symptom seen in many patients with acromegaly is arthralgia, a finding that calls for the use of conventional radiography, which can reveal subtle changes that can go unnoticed. The objective of this pictorial essay is to portray the radiographic aspects of acromegaly, seeking to demonstrate the importance of conventional radiography, which, despite its simplicity, can suggest the diagnosis, even in the early stages, thus altering the clinical course of the disease. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Hungarian Medical Journal / Orvosi Hetilap is the property of Akademiai Kiado and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Both gigantism and acromegaly can be due to excessive secretion of growth hormone by the anterior pituitary. When those affected are young, close to cartilage closure, signs and symptoms of gigantism and acromegaly appear. The case of a 20-year-old male patient treated in the Endocrinology Service of the Gustavo Aldereguia Lima Hospital in Cienfuegos with clinical manifestations of tall stature, acral growth and arterial hypertension is presented. An oral glucose tolerance test was performed that measured growth hormone and confirmed the excess of hormones. Gadolinium-enhanced MRI reported pituitary macroadenoma. It was diagnosed as acromegaloid gigantism due to a growth hormone-producing pituitary tumor. The macroadenoma was excised, with a favorable evolution. The importance of early diagnosis of this disease is indisputable, since it shortens life expectancy, increases global mortality not only due to hormonal hypersecretion, but also due to the mass effect of the tumor.

La acromegalia es un síndrome clínico producido por la secreción excesiva de hormona del crecimiento que afecta a prácticamente todos los órganos y tejidos. Tiene una baja incidencia (30 a 60 casos por millón de habitantes) y se requiere tener un alto nivel de sospecha por lo que su diagnóstico continúa siendo tardío a pesar de que físicamente los pacientes inician los signos y síntomas entre cinco y diez años previos al diagnóstico. Se presenta el caso de una paciente femenina, de 57 años, atendida en el Servicio de Endocrinología del Hospital Gustavo Aldereguia Lima de Cienfuegos con manifestaciones clínicas de crecimiento acral, hipertensión y diabetes mellitus. Se le realizó prueba de tolerancia oral a la glucosa midiendo hormona de crecimiento que confirmó el exceso hormonal, resonancia magnética contrastada con gadolinio que informó macroadenoma hipofisario. Se diagnosticó como acromegalia por un tumor hipofisario productor de hormona de crecimiento. Es indiscutible la importancia del diagnóstico precoz, dado que su asociación a comorbilidades como la hipertensión y la diabetes es muy importante, lo que resulta en una disminución de la esperanza y la calidad de vida. Estas razones motivaron la presentación del caso.

Acromegaly is a rare disease, mainly caused by a pituitary tumor secreting growth hormone. It is characterized by slow progression and is associated with a multisystemic involvement, being the cardiovascular system, one of the most involved, even reaching, more than 10 years ago, to represent the main cause of death. Cardiovascular complications develop as a result of elevated blood concentrations of growth hormone and insulin-like growth factor 1, which exert direct and indirect effects on the endothelium, large vessels, kidney and cardiomyocytes; causing arterial hypertension, valve disease, cardiac arrhythmia and a specific heart disease called acromegalic cardiomyopathy. After the literature overview related to the pathophysiology, clinical manifestations, diagnosis and treatment of cardiovascular involvement, we found that from a cardiovascular point of view, patients with acromegaly can range from an asymptomatic state to severe cardiac dysfunction, being the biochemical markers and imaging studies diagnostic tools that allow assessment the degree of cardiovascular disease in order to provide individualized treatment. The normalization of growth hormone and insulin-like growth factor 1 levels improves cardiovascular parameters, and therefore its prognosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Contexto: la acromegalia es una enfermedad rara en la población general y habitualmente tiene una evolución clínica insidiosa, lo cual genera un reto para diagnosticar al paciente a partir de la sospecha clínica y posterior confirmación con las ayudas diagnósticas. La mayoría de pacientes con acromegalia tienen como origen de la enfermedad un tumor hipofisario secretor de hormona del crecimiento y en consecuencia el tratamiento debe estar dirigido a lograr el control bioquímico y la reducción de la masa tumoral. Finalmente, el seguimiento del paciente resulta clave para lograr el control de la enfermedad y detectar las comorbilidades asociadas. Objetivo: definir criterios para el diagnóstico, tratamiento y seguimiento de la acromegalia en pacientes colombianos. Materiales y métodos: se realizó un consenso tipo Delphi modificado. Participaron 10 expertos en el manejo del paciente con acromegalia (endocrinólogos y neurocirujanos) y un grupo desarrollador. Los resultados fueron analizados y discutidos. A partir de este ejercicio, se presentaron las recomendaciones en los diferentes apartados. Resultados: se obtuvieron recomendaciones acerca del seguimiento al paciente colombiano con acromegalia y el abordaje del paciente desde el sistema de salud local, la sospecha clínica, el diagnóstico bioquímico e imagenológico, el tratamiento mediante intervención quirúrgica, el tratamiento farmacológico y la radioterapia. Conclusiones: en Colombia es importante el fortalecimiento del conocimiento médico desde la atención primaria hasta el especialista en el correcto diagnóstico, manejo y seguimiento del paciente con acromegalia para lograr la detección temprana de la enfermedad y disminuir la progresión de las comorbilidades asociadas.

BACKGROUND: Acromegaly is a rare disease resulting from growth hormone secreting pituitary macroadenomas. Clinical manifestations are variable and airway compromise tends to be infrequent leading to diagnostic delay and early treatment. CASE REPORT: A 52-year-old female patient with acromegaly, presenting laryngeal symptoms with endoscopic findings of supraglottic edema and airway obstruction requiring surgical intervention with blue-laser supraglottoplasty, with adequate clinical evolution. CONCLUSIONS: Clinical and airway manifestations in patients with suspicion or diagnosis of acromegaly have to be recognized early to ensure adequate and timely treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction and Objective: Acromegaly is a rare, chronic and slowly developing endocrine disorder caused by hypersecretion of human growth hormone and consequently of insulin-like growth factor-1 during adulthood. The present study was conducted to assess mitral annular (MA) size and function between acromegalic patients and age- and gender-matched healthy controls by three-dimensional speckle-tracking echocardiography (3D-STE). It also aimed to examine whether activity of the disease has any effect on MA parameters. Methods: This study included 27 patients with acromegaly, three of whom were excluded due to inferior image quality. The mean age of the remaining 24 patients was 55.7±14.0 years and seven were male. Complete two-dimensional Doppler echocardiography and 3D-STE were performed in all cases. Results: Significantly increased end-diastolic and end-systolic MA diameter (2.81±0.36 cm vs. 2.44±0.34 cm and 2.00±0.32 cm vs. 1.65±0.37 cm, respectively), area (9.67±2.33 cm2 vs. 7.38±1.93 cm2 and 5.14±1.62 cm2 vs. 3.74±1.19 cm2, respectively) and perimeter (11.76±1.42 cm vs. 10.27±1.33 cm and 8.61±1.23 cm vs. 7.36±1.10 cm, respectively) were demonstrated in acromegalic patients compared with control subjects. MA functional parameters were not significantly altered compared to those of healthy individuals. Conclusions: MA dilation could be seen in acromegaly regardless of its activity. Acromegaly is not associated with MA functional impairment. Resumo: Introdução e Objectivo: A acromegalia é uma doença endócrina rara, crónica e de desenvolvimento lento, causada pela hipersecreção da hormona do crescimento humano e, consequentemente, do fator de crescimento semelhante à insulina-1 durante a idade adulta. O presente estudo foi conduzido para avaliar o tamanho e a função do anel mitral (MA) nos doentes com acromegalia e controles saudáveis emparelhados por idade e sexo, por meio de ecocardiografia tridimensional com speckle-tracking (3DSTE). O objetivo foi também examinar se a atividade da doença tem algum efeito nos parâmetros da MA. Métodos: Este estudo incluiu 27 pacientes com acromegalia, três dos quais tiveram de ser excluídos devido à qualidade inferior de imagem. A média de idade dos 24 pacientes restantes foi de 55,7 ± 14,0 anos (7 homens). Foram realizados em todos os casos uma ecocardiografia Doppler bidimensional completa e um 3DSTE. Resultados: Quando comparados com os controlos, os doentes acromegálicos apresentaram diâmetros diastólico e sistólico finais significativamente dilatados (2,81 ± 0,36 cm versus 2,44 ± 0,34 cm e 2,00 ± 0,32 cm versus 1,65 ± 0,37 cm, respetivamente), assim como a área valvular (9,67 ± 2,33 cm2 versus 7,38 ± 1,93 cm2 e 5,14 ± 1,62 cm2 versus 3,74 ± 1,19 cm2, respetivamente) e o perímetro (11,76 ± 1,42 cm versus 10,27 ± 1,33 cm e 8,61 ± 1,23 cm versus 7,36 ± 1,10 cm, respetivamente) Os parâmetros funcionais da MA não estavam significativamente alterados em comparação com indivíduos saudáveis. Conclusões: A dilatação do MA pode ser observada na acromegalia, independentemente de sua atividade. A acromegalia não está associada ao comprometimento funcional da MA.

Contexto: la pasireotida ha demostrado eficacia en el tratamiento de pacientes con enfermedad de Cushing y acromegalia; sin embargo, es frecuente que los pacientes tratados con pasireotida presenten hiperglucemia. Objetivo: proporcionar lineamientos y recomendaciones en Colombia para el control y el manejo de hiperglucemia secundaria a pasireotida en pacientes con enfermedad de Cushing y acromegalia. Metodología: se utilizó la metodología de panel de expertos. Previo al panel se hizo una revisión de la evidencia disponible para las preguntas de interés formuladas por especialistas en Endocrinología, la cual fue actualizada posterior a la reunión. Participaron especialistas de diferentes zonas del país, quienes discutieron las preguntas y formularon recomendaciones para el control y el tratamiento de la hiperglucemia secundaria a pasireotida en enfermedad de Cushing y acromegalia. Resultados: se formularon 16 recomendaciones para el control y manejo de la hiperglucemia secundaria al uso de pasireotida en pacientes con enfermedad de Cushing y 7 para pacientes con acromegalia. Las recomendaciones fueron formuladas y validadas por un panel de expertos, a partir de evidencia y de su experiencia clínica. Conclusiones: es frecuente que pacientes con acromegalia o enfermedad de Cushing tratados con pasireotida presenten alteraciones en el metabolismo de la glucosa como consecuencia de la terapia. Existe poca evidencia de alto nivel para la formulación de recomendaciones para el manejo de la hiperglucemia secundaria al uso de pasireotida en ambas patologías, aquí las recomendaciones generadas fueron con base en opinión de expertos y son las primeras publicadas para Colombia.

Contexto: el manejo de los pacientes con acromegalia actualmente incluye cirugía, radioterapia y terapia farmacológica. Aunque la cirugía es el tratamiento de primera línea, un gran porcentaje de pacientes van a requerir manejo adicional con radioterapia y farmacoterapia. Objetivo: revisar las características farmacológicas y los estudios clínicos de pegvisomant. Metodología: se revisaron las bases de datos electrónicas como Medline y Pubmed con el término pegvisomant y se analizaron los estudios clínicos y los datos relevantes de este medicamento en el manejo de acromegalia. Resultados: los análogos de somatostatina constituyen el tratamiento farmacológico de primera línea indicado en las guías de práctica la de esta entidad, no obstante, estudios recientes han reportado niveles muy variables de control de la enfermedad. Para lograr un mejor control se introdujo el pegvisomant, un análogo de la hormona de crecimiento que se une al receptor pero no induce cambios conformacionales para la transducción de señales y, por tanto, no inhibe la secreción de la hormona de crecimiento, sino sus efectos fisiológicos en los tejidos diana. Hasta la fecha, ha demostrado eficacia para normalizar los niveles séricos del IGF-1 tanto en monoterapia como en terapia combinada. Conclusiones: si no logramos el control de la enfermedad a pesar de estos medicamentos, debemos considerar terapias de segunda línea como pasireotide o pegvisomant. Las características clínicas individuales del paciente permitirán elegir cuál es la mejor opción para nuestros pacientes. El pegvisomant es un medicamento eficaz para el control del paciente con acromegalia.

Background: McCune-Albright syndrome (MAS) is a rare disease characterized by the triad: café-au-lait skin spots, polyostotic fibrous dysplasia, and precocious puberty. It can affect various hormonal axes, including growth hormone (GH), and may be associated with acromegaly. Case report : We describe the case of a 44-year-old woman with peripheral precocious puberty, abnormal uterine bleeding, growth of the hands and feet, prognathism, frontal prominence, café-au-lait spots, and stony tumors on the face and forearms. Results: Supported by laboratory and imaging tests, the diagnoses of acromegaly, hypogonadotropic hypogonadism and McCune-Albright syndrome were reached. The patient underwent surgical treatment with persistence of clinical and laboratory disease. Conclusion: Timely diagnosis and treatment of acromegaly and its complications will provide a better prognosis for patients with MAS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Fogorvosi Szemle is the property of Hungarian Dental Association and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Introducción: La acromegalia tiene una prevalencia de 35-70/millón. La cirugía transesfenoidal es el tratamiento de elección, siendo la tasa de remisión del 80% en microadenomas y 50% en macroadenomas. Debido a la falta de registros, nos propusimos evaluar los resultados quirúrgicos en Córdoba y determinar factores predictivos de remisión. Métodos: Estudio retrospectivo-descriptivo de pacientes con cirugía como primera línea terapéutica. Criterios de remisión: normalización de IGF1 para edad/sexo, con GH ≤1,0 g/L.Test X2 y test exacto de Fisher y p

Introduction: Acromegaly is a relatively rare chronic hormonal disease resulting in disfigurement. In 90% of cases, acromegaly is caused by a benign pituitary monoclonal human growth hormone-secreting tumor. The aim of the present study was to determine the presence of left ventricular (LV) deformation abnormalities using three-dimensional speckle-tracking echocardiography in a group of acromegalic patients. Methods: Thirty-eight acromegalic patients were involved in the study. Thirteen patients were excluded due to inadequate image quality. The mean age of the remaining patients was 57.2±13.6 years and seven were male. Their data were compared to an age- and gender-matched control population, which consisted of 34 healthy volunteers (mean age: 52.7±4.9 years, 15 male). Results: Global and mean segmental LV radial strain (RS) (33.2±13.4% vs. 25.2±10.8%, p=0.01 and 36.0±12.1% vs. 28.2±10.0%, p=0.009, respectively) proved to be significantly higher in acromegaly compared to controls. Active acromegalic patients had significantly higher global and mean segmental LV-RS (35.5±14.4% vs. 25.2±10.8%, p=0.03 and 37.9±13.3% vs. 28.2±10.0%, p=0.03, respectively) compared to controls. Between the active and inactive acromegaly groups, only basal LV circumferential strain (-30.2±4.8% vs. -26.7±4.1%, p=0.02) was found to be significantly different. Conclusion: The presented clinical, demographic, therapeutic and echocardiographic features demonstrate that active acromegaly is associated with enhanced LV RS as compared to healthy controls and those with inactive acromegaly. Resumo: Introdução: A acromegalia é uma doença hormonal crónica relativamente rara, associada a dismorfismos somáticos. Em 90% dos casos, ela é causada por um tumor benigno monoclonal da hipófise, secretor de hormona do crescimento. O objetivo do presente estudo foi detetar a presença de alterações da deformação miocárdica do ventrículo esquerdo (VE) através de ecocardiografia tridimensional por speckle tracking num grupo de doentes portadores de acromegalia. Métodos: Foram incluídos 38 doentes portadores de acromegalia. Treze foram excluídos devido à má qualidade de imagem. A idade média dos restantes foi de 57,2±13,6 anos (7 homens). Os seus dados foram comparados com uma população controlo emparelhada por idade e género, que compreendeu 34 voluntários saudáveis (idade média: 52,7±4,9 anos, sendo 15 indivíduos do sexo masculino). Resultados: O strain radial (SR) global e segmentar VE (respetivamente 33,2±13,4% versus 25,2±10,8%, p=0,01 e 36,0±12,1% versus 28,2±10,0%, p=0,009) foi significativamente superior nos casos de acromegalia em relação aos casos controlo. Os doentes portadores de acromegalia ativa tiveram um SR global e segmentar significativamente superior (35,5±14,4% versus 25,2±10,8%, p=0,03 e 37,9±13,3% versus 28,2±10,0%, p=0,03, respetivamente), quando comparados com os grupos controlo. Entre os grupos portadores de acromegalia ativos e inativos, só foi considerado significativamente diferente o strain circunferencial basal VE (-30,2±4,8% versus -26,7±4,1%, p=0,02). Conclusões: Com base nas características clínicas, demográficas, terapêuticas e ecocardiográficas apresentadas, a acromegalia ativa apresenta SR-VE aumentado em relação à população saudável e ao grupo de portadores de acromegalia inativa.

Contexto: La acromegalia es causada en la gran mayoría de los casos por tumores hipofisiarios productores de hormona de crecimiento. Estos tumores suelen ocurrir de manera esporádica y raramente de forma hereditaria. En los últimos años se ha explorado el panorama de las mutaciones y síndromes familiares asociados a la acromegalia y al gigantismo. Objetivo: Esta revisión se concentra en el conocimiento actual de las bases genéticas causantes de la acromegalia familiar. Metodología: Se revisaron las bases de datos electrónicas y textos guías de endocrinología y se resumen las enfermedades genéticas asociadas a acromegalia. Resultados: Las causas genéticas de acromegalia son el complejo de Carney, la neoplasia endocrina múltiple tipo 1, los adenomas pituitarios aislados familiares (FIPA), el acrogigantismo ligado al X (XLAG), la asociación de feocromocitoma/paraganglioma/adenoma pituitario familiar (3P), el síndrome de McCune-Albright (SMA) y la neurofibromatosis tipo 1. Conclusiones: Se debe buscar activamente neoplasia endocrina múltiple en los pacientes con acromegalia mediante la medición de calcio y hormona paratiroidea. Además, siempre debe preguntarse por antecedentes familiares buscando FIPA y en casos muy jóvenes o con manifestaciones asociadas sospechar una causa genética.

In patients with acromegaly, the pleiotropic effects of GH and IGF-1 have been associated with the development of endothelial dysfunction and vascular abnormalities. We present the case of a 45-year-old male diagnosed with acromegaly. Magnetic resonance imaging identified a marked dilatation and medialization of both cavernous internal carotid arteries (ICA), leading to a narrow intercarotid distance, a phenomenon known as "carotid kisses". This vascular alteration has been described in greater proportion in patients with acromegaly. The anomalies that are also present with greater prevalence in these patients are: aneurysms of the ICA, protrusion of the ICA into the sphenoid sinus, narrow intercarotid distance, fusiform dilatation of the ICA and dehiscence of this artery in the bony canal. The presence of such alterations increases the risk of injury to the ICA. Pre-surgical detection of such abnormalities is essential to ensure the safety of the surgical approach., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest No conflicts of interest., (Copyright © 2024 Sociedad Española de Neurocirugía. Published by Elsevier España, S.L.U. All rights reserved.)

Objective: To evaluate the association between acromegaly and cancer and different types of cancer by using natural language processing systems and big data analytics., Material and Methods: We conducted an observational, retrospective study utilizing data from the electronic health records (EHRs) of Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain. Information from the EHRs was extracted using artificial intelligence techniques and analyzed using Savana Manager 4.0 software., Results: Out of a total of 708,047 registered patients (54.7% females), 544 patients (0.08%; 330 women, 60.7%; mean age at diagnosis 53.0±15.8 yr) were diagnosed with acromegaly. The incidence of cancer was higher in patients with acromegaly vs those without this condition (7.7% vs 3.9%, p<0.001; OR, 2.047, 95%CI, 1.493-2.804). Male acromegalic patients had a higher prevalence of cancer vs females (57.1% vs 42.9%, p=0.012). A significantly higher prevalence of colorectal cancer (2.9% vs 1.4%, p=0.006), bladder cancer (1.1% vs 0.3%, p=0.005), and lymphoma (1.1% vs 0.3%, p=0.009) was observed in patients with acromegaly vs those without the condition. Acromegalic men had significantly higher prevalence rates of colorectal cancer (4.7% vs 1.3%, p=0.001), bladder cancer (2.8% vs 0.4%, p<0.001), breast cancer (0.9% vs 0.2%, p=0.042), gastric cancer (0.9% vs 0.1%, p=0.011), lymphoma (1.4% vs 0.3%, p=0.037), and liver cancer (0.9% vs 0.1%, p=0.012) vs non-acromegalic men. On the other hand, acromegalic women showed a higher prevalence of thyroid cancer (1.2% vs 0.4%, p=0.043) vs non-acromegalic women., Conclusion: Our study, based on artificial intelligence techniques and analysis of real-world data and information, revealed a significant association between acromegaly and cancer in our hospital population, mainly acromegalic men, with a higher frequency of colorectal cancer, bladder cancer and lymphoma in particular., (Copyright © 2024 SEEN and SED. Published by Elsevier España, S.L.U. All rights reserved.)

Resumo Fundamento Embora se saiba que a fração de ejeção (FE) do ventrículo esquerdo (VE) medida por eletrocardiograma seja preservada em pacientes com acromegalia, não há informação suficiente sobre deformação longitudinal global e deformação do átrio esquerdo (SLG-VE e SAE). Objetivo O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar as funções do ventrículo esquerdo (VE) e do átrio esquerdo (AE) por ecocardiograma strain (ES) em pacientes com acromegalia. Métodos Este estudo incluiu 50 pacientes com acromegalia na forma ativa da doença e 50 controles saudáveis com idade, sexo e área de superfície corporal similares. Além dos ecocardiogramas de rotina, medições de SLG-VE e SAE foram realizadas com o ES. Resultados Os valores dos SAE e SLG-VE foram significativamente mais baixos em pacientes com acromegalia (p

Both gigantism and acromegaly can be due to excessive secretion of growth hormone by the anterior pituitary. When those affected are young, close to cartilage closure, signs and symptoms of gigantism and acromegaly appear. The case of a 20-year-old male patient treated in the Endocrinology Service of the Gustavo Aldereguia Lima Hospital in Cienfuegos with clinical manifestations of tall stature, acral growth and arterial hypertension is presented. An oral glucose tolerance test was performed that measured growth hormone and confirmed the excess of hormones. Gadolinium-enhanced MRI reported pituitary macroadenoma. It was diagnosed as acromegaloid gigantism due to a growth hormone-producing pituitary tumor. The macroadenoma was excised, with a favorable evolution. The importance of early diagnosis of this disease is indisputable, since it shortens life expectancy, increases global mortality not only due to hormonal hypersecretion, but also due to the mass effect of the tumor. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Medicina (Buenos Aires) is the property of Medicina (Buenos Aires) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Se presentan cinco estatuillas en cerámica y una en cuarzo que muestran un total de cuatro patologías endocrinológicas y una congénita urogenital. Las patologías endocrinológicas son el bocio (2 cerámicas), un síndrome de Klinefelter, una enfermedad de Graves-Basedow y una acromegalia. La patología urogenital congénita es una difalia completa. Tres cerámicas pertenecen a la cultura colombo-ecuatoriana Tumaco-LaTolita o Tulato (dos con bocio y una con el síndrome de Klinefelter); una a la cultura colombiana Malagana (la que representa una enfermedad de Graves-Basedow). La difalia se representa en una cerámica de la cultura ecuatoriana Jama-Coaque. La estatuilla esculpida en cuarzo, de la cultura colombiana Nariño, representa la acromegalia. Se hacen consideraciones sobre el valor simbólico de ellas.

RESUMEN La aparición de nódulos tiroideos en las personas con acromegalia es una consecuencia de la elevación crónica de la hormona de crecimiento y el factor de crecimiento similar a la insulina tipo 1. Su naturaleza varía según la zona geográfica, suficiencia de yodo y antecedentes patológicos familiares, entre otros factores. No se han publicado estudios cubanos sobre la enfermedad nodular tiroidea en estas personas. Objetivos: Describir las características clínicas, bioquímicas y ultrasonográficas de la glándula tiroidea, según la presencia o no de la enfermedad nodular tiroidea. Métodos: Estudio observacional descriptivo, transversal, que incluyó 73 pacientes con acromegalia entre enero de 2003 y diciembre de 2017. Se estudiaron las variables: edad, sexo, color de la piel, antecedentes familiares de la enfermedad nodular tiroidea, niveles de la hormona de crecimiento, hormona estimulante del tiroides, T4 libre, anticuerpos contra la peroxidasa tiroidea y contra la tiroglobulina, volumen tiroideo, patrón ecográfico nodular y estudio citológico. Resultados: La enfermedad nodular tiroidea se presentó en el 75,3 % de los casos, con predominio del bocio multinodular. La edad al diagnóstico fue menor en los pacientes con la enfermedad (43,53 ± 9,67), que en los que no la tenían (49,33 ± 6,96 años) (p = 0,02). La hormona de crecimiento al diagnóstico de acromegalia, resultó menor en los pacientes con este padecimiento (18,73 ± 11,33 µg/L vs. 35,91 ± 21,68 µg/L; (p = 0,00). El volumen tiroideo mostró diferencias significativas entre ambos grupos (14,2 ± 4,5 mL en los casos positivos de la enfermedad nodular tiroidea y 10,5 ± 2,8 mL en los casos negativos; p = 0,002), siendo el nódulo de baja sospecha de malignidad el más frecuente. El resto de las variables resultaron similares entre los pacientes con y sin la enfermedad. La citología se informó como benigna en el 75 % en los nódulos únicos, el 80 % de los bocios nodulares y el 90 % de los bocios multinodulares (p = 0,51). Conclusiones: La enfermedad nodular tiroidea fue frecuente en los casos de acromegalia, y se asoció a la menor edad y los niveles inferiores de la hormona de crecimiento al diagnóstico. El bocio multinodular constituyó la forma clínica más frecuente y los parámetros hormonales y de autoinmunidad no se asociaron al tipo de la enfermedad nodular tiroidea.

Acromegaly is a clinical syndrome caused by excessive secretion of growth hormone that affects virtually all organs and tissues. It has a low incidence (30 to 60 cases per million inhabitants) and a high level of suspicion is required, which is why its diagnosis continues to be late despite the fact that patients physically initiate signs and symptoms between five and ten years prior to the diagnosis. A 57-years-old female patient treated at the Endocrinology Service of the Gustavo Aldereguia Lima Hospital in Cienfuegos with clinical manifestations of acral growth, hypertension and diabetes mellitus it is presented. She underwent an oral glucose tolerance test measuring growth hormone that confirmed hormonal excess, magnetic resonance imaging contrasted with gadolinium that reported pituitary macroadenoma. She was diagnosed as acromegaly from a growth hormone-producing pituitary tumor. The importance of early diagnosis is undoubted, since its association with comorbidities such as hypertension and diabetes is very important, which results in a decrease in hope and quality of life. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

El complejo de Carney es una enfermedad caracterizada por lesiones en la piel, tumores endocrinos, cardiacos, gonadales y en otros órganos, que está asociada con mutaciones del gen PRKAR1A. Presentamos el caso clínico de una paciente con varias de las manifestaciones más características de este síndrome. Finalmente, se hace una revisión de la literatura.

El gen AIP (proteína moduladora de la actividad del receptor de aril hidrocarburos) se localiza en la región 11q13.2 y codifica para una proteína de 330 aminoácidos que interactúa con el factor de transcripción AhR (receptor para aril hidrocarburos). Las mutaciones en este gen se han asociado con adenomas pituitarios aislados de tipo familiar (APAF). Se caracterizan por una presentación temprana (alrededor de 20 años), por lo regular producen hormona de crecimiento y/o prolactina, tienen un comportamiento clínico agresivo y poca respuesta a análogos de somatostatina.

Copyright of Revista Mexicana de Endocrinología, Metabolismo y Nutrición is the property of Publicidad Permanyer SLU and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Introducción: El cáncer de tiroides es la neoplasia endocrina más frecuente y el Carcinoma Papilar de tiroides representa el 80% de los casos. Por otro lado, la acromegalia es un trastorno poco diagnosticado con una incidencia estimada anual de 4 casos por millón de personas. Presentamos un caso en el que se presentan las dos entidades al mismo tiempo en un paciente y la discusión del posible nexo bioquímico. Caso clínico: Mujer de 23 años, con masa nodular pétrea de 3 centímetros, en polo superior de lóbulo derecho de tiroides; sometida a tiroidectomía radical y linfadenectomía cervical bilateral, reporte histopatológico de carcinoma papilar. Evoluciona con cambios visuales en ojo izquierdo, cefalea, amenorrea de 1 año, galactorrea negativa, características morfo-anatómicas de acromegalia, campimetría hemianopsia homónima izquierda. IRM de cerebro lesión sellar y suprasellar hiperintensa en T2 en relación a macroadenoma hipofisario. Bioquímicos: Prolactina 131.20, GH 2.7, ACTH 18.5, IGF1 434, IGFBP 35.8, TTOG para GH que se informa: GH 0 min: 10.7, GH 30 min: 9.24, GH 60 min: 7.9. Evolución: La paciente fue sometida a hipofisectomía transesfenoidal endoscópica parcial. En tratamiento con cabergolina 0.5 mg bisemanal, levotiroxina 225 mcg día y octreótide 20 mg mensual. Conclusión: Se concluye que siendo la acromegalia una enfermedad rara se asocia a cáncer de tiroides, implicando posibles mutaciones en la subunidad ? de la proteína G.

The life story of one of the most famous giants of the 19th century is narrated: Miguel Joaquín Eleizegui Ateaga (1818-1861), born in a village near Tolosa; Altzo, in the province of Guipúzcoa. His older brother Martin, sees an opportunity to earn money with the public exhibition of Joaquin and the film describes the sufferings and joys that this decision will bring. This article also reviews the situation of acromegaly and gigantism in the nineteenth century, “freaks” public exhibition and the most famous "giants" in Spain in the second half of this century.

The use of glycated hemoglobin for diabetes mellitus (DM) diagnosis is recommended by World Health Organization as of 2011. The level of glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) ≥ 6.5 % is a diagnostic criterion for DM but HbA1c level of 6.0–6.4 % does not exclude diabetes mellitus diagnosis with hyperglycemia. Moreover, when diagnosing, evaluation of this criterion is a must, since decision about the nature and the scope of sugar-reducing therapy is based on the level of HbA1c. Counterregulatory hormones are glucagon, adre­nalin, somatotropin, glucocorticoids and thyroid hormones. Pathogenic mechanism of carbohydrate metabolism disorders with hypersecretion of counterregulatory hormones is caused by peripheral insulin resistance, decrease in insulin secretion, increase in gluconeogenesis and glycogenolysis in liver and increase in the absorption of intestinal glucose with insulin being the only hormone decreasing the blood glucose. So, the endocrine diseases (hypercorticism, acromegalia, pheochromocytoma, hyperparathyroidism and hyperthyroidism) with excessive secretion of counterregulatory hormones suggest the necessity of secondary diabetes diagnosis. Screening tests with quite high sensitivity and specificity have been developed for early diagnosis of endocrynopathies. Screening tests for hypercorticism diagnosis are dexamethasone (1 mg) suppression test, daily urinary cortisol excretion and nighttime salivary cortisol. Optimal test for screening acromegalia is considered to be insulin-like growth factor 1 which shows the secretion of somatotropic hormone during previous day and is not subject to significant fluctuations. One-time detection of increased insulin-like growth factor 1 level compared to referential values for specific sex and age is enough for confirmation of hypersomatotropinemia. Thyroid-stimulating hormone is recommended as a screening test for thyrotoxicosis diagnosis. When choosing this test, doctor should consider the parameter of analytical sensitivity of test system for thyroid-stimulating hormone. Screening for hyperparathyroidism is the detection of blood ionized calcium level. This examination is particularly relevant for patients from risk group for initial hyperparathyroidism — patients with gallstone disease, urolithiasis, stomach ulcer and/or duodenal ulcer, essential hypertension, etc. Free metanephrines of blood plasma and conjugated urine metanephrines are the screening tests for pheochromocytoma diagnosis. The level of methylated secondary catecholamines (metanephrines, normetanephrines) shows the daily tumor activity of pheochromocytoma. Thus, glycemic screening and endocrynopathies screening with hypersecretion of counterregulatory hormones should be conducted together. This will allow detecting secondary forms of diabetes mellitus and compensating glycemic state of the patient.

Acromegaly is a chronic and slowly progressive disease that results from the hypersecretion of growth hormone (GH) and consequently insulin-like growth factor type 1 (IGF-1), due to a GH-secreting pituitary adenoma in 95-98% of cases. There are several complications or co-morbidities associated with acromegaly, the most frequent being cardiovascular, metabolic and neoplastic. The cardiovascular complications of acromegaly go from arterial hypertension to a peculiar form of cardiomyopathy and are the result of the long-standing exposure to high GH and IGF-1 levels. The pathophysiology of these complications is complex and includes an increased tubular reabsorption of sodium and the direct effects of GH and IGF-1 on the endothelium and the cardiac tissue itself. Frequently, the cardiovascular comorbidities of acromegaly occur concomitantly with metabolic complications such as diabetes and respiratory abnormalities such as the sleep apnea syndrome. In this brief review we analyze the pathophysiology, the clinical manifestations and the management of the cardiovascular complications of acromegaly. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Mexicana de Endocrinología, Metabolismo y Nutrición is the property of Publicidad Permanyer SLU and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Listado: • 52 semanas de tratamiento con análogos de somatostatina: respuesta bioquímica y tamaño tumoral en pacientes con acromegalia. Abreu A, Osorio CV, Salgado CA, Ramírez A, Barakat S, Carvajal R. • Carcinoma adrenocortical con ACTH elevada: reporte de caso. Fierro F1 , Fuentes O2 , Coy AF3. • Diabetes no controlada, Cushing incidental. Reporte de caso. Jaramillo A, Mejía H. • Fiebre de origen desconocido (FOD) secundaria a feocromocitoma. González AM1, 2, Fierro LF2 , Muñoz JD1 , Bermúdez LN1 , Guzmán JD1 , Vanegas JJ1 • Hallazgos de patología suprarrenal en autopsias en el departamento de patología del Hospital Universitario de Santander, 2012-2018. Mantilla AF, Lozano JF, Padilla LE, Mantilla JC. • Hipofisitis por IgG4: reporte de un caso. Guzmán G1, 2, Hormaza A2, 3, Martínez V1, 3, Ortega S2 , Ortiz D2 . • Hiponatremia por insuficiencia suprarrenal secundaria. Una serie de casos de un hospital universitario de tercer nivel en Pereira, Colombia. Guzmán ES, Giraldo J, Medina DA, Forero JE, Alzate JA, Vallejo S. • Linfoma de células B grande difuso que se presentó con infiltración hipofisaria, hipopituitarismo y compromiso del nervio oculomotor. Reporte de caso. Arias D, Revelo S, Forero JE, Vallejo S. • Supervivencia de pacientes con tumores neuroendocrinos en un hospital de tercer nivel, 2012-2017. Pinzón A, Jiménez CE, Mondragón AE, Gutiérrez Y, García HA. • Pegvisomant, un último recurso en acromegalia no respondedora al manejo medicoquirúrgico inicial: reporte de caso. Sánchez PE, Rojas W, Tovar H • Prolactinoma abscedado: absceso hipofisario asociado a un macroadenoma productor de prolactina. Importancia clínica y diagnóstica de las secuencias de resonancia en lesiones selares. Reporte de caso. Torres JL, Vargas MA, Coronel N, Aristizábal N. • Síndrome de Cushing de difícil diagnóstico secundario al uso de un “producto naturista” para los dolores articulares y musculares. Fierro LF1 , González AM1, 2, Álvarez MA2 , Moreno GA2 , Rodríguez S2 , Tarquino D2 . • Síndrome de Cushing, comportamiento posterior al tratamiento. Salgado CA, Muñoz JP, Bedoya V, Osorio CV, Tabares AA, Abreu A.

Introduction: Acromegaly and gigantism are diseases caused by an excessive production of growth hormone. Most of patients who suffer these conditions are affected with skin changes, as well as comorbidities increasing their morbidity and mortality. Objective: To describe the dermatological manifestations and associated comorbidities in patients with acromegaly and gigantism. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was developed, which evaluated and described the dermatological features and systemic diseases associated in patients with acromegaly and gigantism valued in endocrinology in Manizales and Armenia in the the period April to May, 2013. Results: The dermatological findings and associated comorbidities in 20 patients with acromegaly and 2 with gigantism are described; a pituitary adenoma was demonstrated in all of them. The findings were as follows: thickening of skin and scalp, 77.3% of patients; acral enlargement, 95.5%; enlarged nose, 81.8%; enlarged ears, 27.3%; enlarged lips, 50%; macroglossia, 54.5%; likewise, frontal bossing was found in 63.6%, prognathism and malocclusion in 68.2%, among others. Systemic diseases were associated in 63.6%, mainly hypertension in 50%, diabetes in 27.3% and dyslipidemia in 45.5%. Conclusion: The population analyzed in this study does not differ from that described in medical literature; the findings support the high frequency of dermatological manifestations and associated comorbidities in these patients and its importance at the time of clinical approach, allowing to suspect the disease and may lead to an early diagnosis that will impact positively morbidity and mortality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper reports the case of a 46-year-old woman with a 6-month history of duration of arthritis of metacarpophalangeal, proximal interphalangeal, carpal and elbow joints of 6 months duration. Three years before she reported headache and diabetes mellitus. Due to changes suggestive of acromegaly on the face and extremities more studies were requested. In view of the elevated levels of GH, IGF-1, positive rheumatoid factor, arthritis, hyperglycemia, and the presence of a pituitary adenoma, the patient was diagnosed with acromegaly, rheumatoid arthritis and diabetes mellitus. The patient underwent trans-sphenoidal resection, which resulted in normalization of hyperglycemia, headache, eradication of the tumor mass, GH and IGF-1 levels and remission of her rheumatoid arthritis with oral methotrexate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Studies indicate hypersomatotropism (HS) prevalence among cats with diabetes mellitus (DM) varies from approximately 15% to 33%. Treatment of HS increases the likelihood of diabetic remission. This study aims to evaluate whether the prevalence of HS among cats with DM in the Porto Alegre region of southern Brazil is comparable to that documented in Buenos Aires, Argentina (~15%), with a 95% confidence level and 80% power, resulting in a sample size of 33 patients (EpiInfo Calc). Cats with DM on insulin therapy for at least 2 months, without other endocrinopathy diagnoses are being invited for clinical evaluation and complementary tests (complete blood count, biochemical profile, total T4, IGF-1, urinalysis, and abdominal ultrasound). Patients with IGF-1 levels >800 ng/mL will be considered to have HS and invited for pituitary tomography. Thus far, 13 cats have undergone clinical evaluation. Domestic shorthair cats comprised 84.61% of the sample, with males being more affected (69.23%) than females (all neutered). However, at this time, only six patients have undergone IGF-1 measurement (IMMULITE 2000, Siemens), with a median of 212 ng/mL (min. = 124, max. = 275) in the evaluated patients. Despite the small sample size of patients who have undergone blood collection for IGF-1 measurement, it is presumed that the documented frequency of HS among diabetic cats in Porto Alegre will potentially be lower than in Buenos Aires, as none of the patients have had elevated IGF-1 levels thus far. This outcome may suggest genetic and environmental differences between these populations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]