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Mulberry plant (Morus alba) is a plant that has social and economic importance. This plant development is often done to harvest the fruit and leaves. The social importance can be found in that this plant, especially in its leaves, is used in silkworm feed (Bombyx mori) and then silk is used in traditional clothes in Indonesia. Cultivation of mulberry plant (leaves and fruit) ideally by Integrated Pest Management (IPM) is necessary so that mulberry plants grow ideally and leaves have high quality and quantity without becoming a source of inoculum for pests and diseases of silkworm maintenance. Mulberry cultivation is generally carried out without using pesticide input so it is interesting in monitoring pests and natural enemies in the mulberry ecosystem. The research was conducted on two varieties of mulberry plants, namely Morus alba var. Kanva-2 and Morus cathayana in the same agroecosystem. Observation of pests and natural enemies was carried out using yellow sticky traps (YST) and pitfall traps (PFT). The orders and families found in the two varieties showed acroceridae family of 37.81% in the YST and hypogastruridae family with a value of 83.76% in the PFT observation. Keywords: IPM, Morus alba, natural enemies, pest, trapping.

Se presenta el primer registro del genero Ocnaea Erichson, 1840 (Diptera, Acroceridae) para la Republica Argentina y el primer registro de esta familia parasitando una arana del genero Catumiri Guadanucci 2004 (Mygalomorphae, Theraphosidae). Se dan a conocer algunas observaciones del ciclo biologico de la mosca y del comportamiento de la tarantula Catumiri argentinense (Mello-Leitao, 1941).

A checklist is presented of all 986 extant species of Diptera known from the archipelago of the Maltese Islands situated in the central Mediterranean. Species considered to be alien to the Islands are listed with annotations in Appendix 1. The history of dipterology applicable to the islands is outlined and the three important historical published records by Zetterstedt, Rondani and Bezzi & de Stefani-Perez are listed in Appendices 2–4. Species names that are synonyms are indicated where these were used in published records for Malta more or less after the Catalogue of Palaearctic Diptera was published. Species we consider to have been misidentifications are also indicated with an annotation in most cases. Vermileo immaculatus Carles-Tolrá syn. n. & Cuesta-Segura and Vermileo balearicus Wheeler syn. n. are proposed junior synonyms of Vermileo vermileo (Linnaeus).

Holops virens Bigot 1878: lxxii (Figs. 13–14, 20) Material examined: Syntype: “ Chile ” (A F UMO); other specimens: Chile: Atacama: Los Loros, 19.viii.1966, Leg. C. Vivar (MNHNCL); Metropolitana: Cerro San Cristobal (Stuardo 1980); Laguna Aculeo, 400 m, 22.viii.2014, Leg. A. Ramírez (FRPC); Ñuble: Cerro Malalcura, San Fabián de Alico, VIII Reg. 1100 m. 11 X 2014, Leg. A. Ramírez (FRPC); La Araucanía: Camping Pehuenco, Parque Nacional Nahuelbuta, 16.x2013, Leg. F. Ramírez (FRPC). Type Locality: Chile (Pape and Thompson 2013). Diagnosis: head and eyes black. Thorax and abdomen shiny green metallic color; dense and short whitish pilosity. Tibia and tarsi yellowish with short pilosity of same color. Wing hyalines. Description: Length: 5.1 mm; width: 1.53 mm (head); 3.6 mm (thorax); 4.46 mm (abdomen); wing: 5.31 mm; male: head: black; the size is 3/4 of the maximum height of the thorax; antenna inserted in the middle of the head; scape and pedicelum blackish with similar size; flagellum styliform three times longer than pedicelum and scape together; antennae approximately 1/4 shorter of maximum head length; eyes black with long and brown pilosity (Figs. 10–11); three ocelli dark brownish with ocellar triangle black somewhat protuberant; occiput brownish with brown pilosity; mouth parts dark brownish; thorax: dark green scutum with long, dense and yellow-brownish pilosity, sparse but uniformly distributed (Figs. 10–11); postocellar lobe dark green with long and yellowish pilosity; anterior spiracle yellowish; proepimeron, anepisternum, katepisternum, anepimeron, meron, katatergite, anatergite dark green with long and yellowish pilosity (Fig. 11); scutellum dark green with whitish pilosity (Fig. 11); legs: coxa, trochanters and femora are brownish excepting anterior part which is yellow; tibiae are yellowish; tarsi are brownish with dense brown pilosity; black claws (Figs. 10–11); wings: smoky and with membranous appearance; all veins dark brown; R 4 and R 5 forked and outward separated for the half of length of each vein (Fig. 20); M 1, M 2 and M 3+4 not reaching the wing margin; M 1 shorter than M 2; cell r 4+5 elongated, with five sides and thin, with approximately more than the half of total length of R 2+3 vein; cell m 3 with 1/3 length of r 4+5 and connected directly with m-cu vein (Fig. 20); halters brownish with apex somewhat yellowish; calypter rim blackish and interior part is brownish with dense and long brownish pilosity; Abdomen: elongated; slightly wider than thorax margins; fully rough; all tergites with dark green color and yellowish pilosity; all sclerite of greenish color (Figs. 10–11); Genitalia: not detached. © 2021 Academia Sinica, Taiwan Distribution: from Atacama region to La Araucanía region (Fig. 27). Remarks: Endemic species barely collected. The specific epithet “ virens ” means green (in English) or verde (in Spanish). This spider fly species is distributed from Coquimban province to Pehuén district in Maule province, both belong to central Chile subregion (Morrone 2015). This species inhabits several vegetation types along its distribution (Andrés Ramírez com. pers.). Following Stuardo (1980) this species visits the flowers of Podanthus mitique Lindl. At same that H. frauenfeldi, H. virens could use dead branches of Cryptocarya alba (Molina) Looser and Podocarpus saligna D. Don to rest and watch potential competitors (González et al. 2018). The species present high variability in color legs and length of R 4, R 5 and M veins of wings (Shaun Winterton, pers. comm.). The Host is unknown., Published as part of Barahona-Segovia, Rodrigo M., Guzmán, Vicente Valdés & Pañinao-Monsálvez, Laura, 2021, Review of Chilean Cyrtinae (Diptera: Acroceridae) with the Description of Three New Species and the First Record of Villalus inanis from Argentina, pp. 1-18 in Zoological Studies 60 (35) on pages 9-10, DOI: 10.6620/ZS.2021.60-35, http://zenodo.org/record/8070503, {"references":["Bigot JMF. 1878. Description d'un nouveau genre de Dipteres et cells de deux especes du genre Holops (Cyrtidae). Ann Soc Entomol Fr 8: lxxi - lxxii.","Stuardo E. 1980. Notas Biologicas sobre Acroceridae de Chile. Rev Chi Ent 10: 97.","Pape T, Thompson FC. 2013. Systema Dipterorum, Version 1.5. http: // www. diptera. org /. Accessed on 5 January 2017.","Morrone JJ. 2015. Biogeographical regionalisation of the Andean region. Zootaxa 3936: 207 - 236. doi: 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3936.2.3.","Gonzalez CR, Elgueta M, Ramirez F. 2018. A catalog of Acroceridae (Diptera) from Chile. Zootaxa 4374: 427 - 440. doi: 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4374.3.6."]}

Holops anarayae sp. nov. Barahona-Segovia (Figs. 1–2, 15, 25–26) urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: E641677F-66FA-46A0-B797- 5FA1073404D2 Material examined: Holotype: male, in excellent condition, found in the Ernesto Krahmer’s collection from UACH and finally deposited in the MNHNCL; with the following labels: “Prov. Valdivia / Santo Domingo / 08.ix.1963 / Leg. E. Krahmer ”; “ Holotypus / Holops anarayae / sp. nov. ³ / det. Barahona-Segovia 2020 ” [red]. Paratype: male, in excellent condition, found in the Ernesto Krahmer’s collection from UACH and finally deposited in the MNHNCL; with the following labels: “Prov. Valdivia / Santo Domingo / 27.ix.1987 / Leg. E. Krahmer”; “ Paratype / Holops anarayae / sp. nov. ³ / det. Barahona-Segovia 2020 ” [yellow]. Type locality: Valdivia Province, Santo Domingo, Los Ríos región, Chile. Etymology: the specific epithet “ anarayae ” refers to Ana Clara Luz Araya (1941–2020), the grandmother of the first author, which raised and helped pay for their university studies. Diagnosis: dark blue species. Scutum with brown-yellowish pilosity. Postocellar lobe dark blue as well as all thorax segment excepting anepimeron, which is violet-brownish. Coxa and trochanter brownish. Femora bicolor (brown-yellow). Wings hyaline. M 1 shorter than M 2. Cell r 4+5 elongated and thin. Abdomen elongated longitudinally and at same level of the maximum margins of thorax. All tergites dark blue. Description: male: Length: 5.1 mm; width: 1.8 mm (head), 2.5 mm (thorax) and 2.5 mm (abdomen); wing: 5.0 mm; head: eyes brownish (Figs. 1–2); the size is more than 3/4 of the maximum height of the thorax (Fig. 2); antenna inserted in the middle of the head; scape and pedicelum blackish with similar size; flagellum styliform approximately four times longer than pedicelum and scape together; antennae with similar length to head; eyes with long and brown pilosity; three ocelli dark bluish with ocellar triangle shiny blue somewhat protuberant; occiput dark and shiny blue with long and brownish pilosity; mouth parts yellowish with abundant brownish hairs; thorax: dark blue scutum with some shiny parts; long, dense and brownish pilosity, sparse but uniformly distributed (Figs. 1–2); postocellar lobe dark blue with 8–12 long and yellowish hairs (Fig. 2); anterior spiracle barely visible and darkish; anepisternum, katepisternum, katatergite, meron, katepimeron and anatergite shiny blue with long and yellowish pilosity (Fig. 2); anepimeron violet-bluish with some yellowish hairs; subalar sclerite brownish and; scutellum shiny blue with long and brownish hairs; legs: coxa and trochanters dark blue; femora almost completely dark bluish excepting anterior which yellow (Fig. 2); tibiae yellow and tarsi brownish with dense and short pale pilosity (Fig. 2); black claws; wings: hyaline and membranous appearance; all veins dark brown; R 1 and R 2+3 closer between them; R 4 and R 5 not petiolated, inward position (Fig. 15) and separated in the distal part for the half of length of each vein; M 1, M 2 and M 3+4 not reaching the wing margin; M 1 shorter than M 2; cell r 4+5 elongated and thin, with 3/4 length of R 2+3 vein and five sides; cell m 3 with 1/3 length of r 4+5 connected to cell bm with a very short projection of m-cu vein; halters brownish with apex some yellowish; calypter rim blackish and inner part is whitish with dense and long yellowish pilosity; abdomen: not curved (Figs. 1–2); oval shape similar in size to head and thorax together (Fig. 1); in dorsal view, the abdomen not protruded laterally from the thorax margins; all tergites completely rough and covered with short and brownish pilosity: tergites 1–4 with similar width; all sternites darkish; genitalia: not detached and partially everted; cerci, part of the epandrium and gonocoxa visible; cerci light yellow with many short and yellow pilosity; aedeagus yellowish; gonocoxa brownish, enlarged (Fig. 25) and bifurcated (Fig. 26) with several setae in ventral view; female: unknown Distribution: only known from the type locality (Fig. 27). © 2021 Academia Sinica, Taiwan Remarks: this endemic species belongs to Valdivian district inside Valdivian forest province, subantarctic subregion (Morrone 2015). The Valdivian evergreen forest is mainly dominated by Aextoxicum punctatum Ruiz et Pav., Myrtaceae trees species and Nothofagus species. The species present high variability in color legs and length of R 4, R 5 and M veins of wings (Shaun Winterton, pers. comm.). The host is unknown., Published as part of Barahona-Segovia, Rodrigo M., Guzmán, Vicente Valdés & Pañinao-Monsálvez, Laura, 2021, Review of Chilean Cyrtinae (Diptera: Acroceridae) with the Description of Three New Species and the First Record of Villalus inanis from Argentina, pp. 1-18 in Zoological Studies 60 (35) on pages 3-4, DOI: 10.6620/ZS.2021.60-35, http://zenodo.org/record/8070503, {"references":["Barahona-Segovia RM, Valdes-Guzman V, Paninao-Monsalvez L. 2020. The species of the genus Physoconops Szilady (Diptera: Conopidae) from Chile, with the description of a new species: Physoconops tentenvilu nov. sp. Rev Mex Biodiv 91: e 913234. doi: 10.22201 / ib. 20078706 e. 2020.91.3234.","Morrone JJ. 2015. Biogeographical regionalisation of the Andean region. Zootaxa 3936: 207 - 236. doi: 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3936.2.3."]}

Villalus inanis (Philippi, 1865): 645–646 (Figs. 24, 28–36) = Villalus chilensis Cole, 1918: 63–64. = Lasia dimidiata Cole, 1918: 61 (nomen nudum). M a t e r i a l e x a m i n e d: H o l o t y p e: “Valdivia, Chile” (A MNHNCL); other specimens: CHILE. Valparaíso: Parque Peñuelas, 23.iv.1965, Leg. N. Hichins (MNHNCL); Valparaíso, vii.1966, Leg. W.H. Sielfield (MNHNCL); Biobío: **Tirúa, Lago Lleu-Lleu, 25.iii.2020, phot. Leg. Ignacio Valeria (CSP, electronic voucher: https://figshare.com/ s/0e733c2cecb30b0de50b); La Araucanía: **Parque Nacional Nahuelbuta, 7.iii.1982, Leg. L.H. Pincheira (MZUC); **Fundo El Carmen, Temuco, iv.2016, phot. Leg. Lucas Nuñez (CSP, electronic voucher: https://figshare.com/s/aba8eb49b2a1a1bf3999); **Gorbea, 29.iii.2020, phot. Leg. William Tarrant (CSP, electronic voucher: https://figshare.com/s/ c98c392e4847aedbe437); Los Ríos: **Panguipulli, 1983, Leg. G. Piel (UACH); **Pichoy, 30.ii.1991, Leg. E. Krahmer (UACH); **Parque Llancahue, 25.iii.1978, Leg. E. Krahmer (UACH); **Santo Domingo, 8.iv.1984, 3.iv.1987, 2.iv.1989, Leg. E. Krahmer (UACH); Valdivia, 5.IV.1977, 3.iv.1981, 30.iii.1983, 13.iii.1985, 2. v. 1985, Leg. Krahmer (UACH, MNHNCL); **Chahuilco, 11.iii.1990, Leg. E. Krahmer (UACH); **Reumen, 15.iii.1991, Leg. Lula Mata (UACH); Los Lagos: **San Pablo, Osorno, 24.iii.2020, phot. Leg. Claudia Veas (CSP, electronic voucher: https://figshare. com/s/d771abe10446bd766c93). ARGENTINA. Chubut: **S. Argentina, El Puelo, Topal, Nr. 354, 25.iii.1961, Leg. NN (USNM); **S. Argentina, Rio Negro, El Bolson, Topal, Nr. 322, 15.iii.1961, Leg. NN (USNM). © 2021 Academia Sinica, Taiwan Type locality: Valdivia, Chile (Pape and Thompson 2013). Diagnosis: Orange-yellowish species. Head and eyes black. Head with half that maximum height of thorax. Scutum with two black, but very light longitudinal bands. Yellowish pilosity in all thoracic segments. Katepisternum brownish in ventral part. Meron grey and elongated with yellow margin. Legs completely yellowish. The cells sc, c, br, r 1, r 2+3, r 4+5 and m 1 smoked with microtrichia. R 4 and R 5 not forked. Abdomen globose and slightly longer than thorax in dorsal view. Tergites and sclerites orange-yellowish with pilosity similar in color. Description: Length: 6.49 ± 0.18 mm; width: 1.78 ± 0.05 mm (head), 3.13 ± 0.09 mm (thorax) and 4.36 ± 0.16 mm (abdomen); wing: 6.96 ± 0.16 mm; female: head: black; the size is approximately the half of the maximum height of the thorax; antenna inserted in the middle of the head; scape and pedicelum orange and similar in size among them; flagellum styliform and 3 times longer than pedicelum + scape together; antenna shorter than head length; eyes with short and yellowish pilosity; three ocelli brownish with ocellar triangle black, protuberant and with 6–8 yellow hairs; occiput black with long yellowish pilosity; mouth parts brownish; thorax: globose shape (Figs. 28–29); orange scutum with two dark longitudinal bands slightly visible; scutum covered with long and dense orange-yellowish pilosity; pilosity sparse but uniformly distributed; postocellar lobe orange and yellowish pilosity; anterior spiracle light yellow; anepisternum globose and orange; katepisternum brownish in ventral part; anepisternum yellowish; meron grey and elongated with yellow margin; katepimeron and anatergite orange-yellow with few pilosity; scutellum orange and widest than long with yellowish pilosity; (Figs. 28–29, 33–34); legs: coxa, trochanters, femora, tibia and tarsi yellow covered by dense yellow pilosity; black claws; wings: all veins brownish; cell sc, c, br, r 1, r 2+3, r 4+5 and m 1 smoked with microtrichia; other cell hyaline and membranous appearance; R 4 and R 5 not forked; M 1, M 2 and M 3+4 are long, but not reaching the wing margin; all M veins similar in size; cell r 4+5 elongated and width, with more than 1/2 length of R 2+3 vein; cell m 3 absent; halters brownish; calypter rim blackish and interior part is brownish with dense and yellowish pilosity; abdomen: globose and slightly longer than thorax; in dorsal view the width is the double of thorax and rough; all tergites orange with dense yellowish pilosity; tergites 1–3 similar in length; in dead animals, all sternites yellow with pilosity of same color and a big brown maculae in the middle (Fig. 32); in living animals, tergites 3–6 present a large brownish area in the middle (Figs. 30–31); interior parts of tergites 4–6 covered with black and granulate plates; genitalia: cerci globose and yellow with pilosity of the same color in dorsal view (Fig. 24). © 2021 Academia Sinica, Taiwan Male: head: similar to female; thorax: postocellar lobe yellow; scutum and scutellum brownish with short yellowish pilosity; anterior spiracle yellow; superior part of anespisternum yellow and inferior brownish; katepisternum, anepimeron, meron, katatergite and anatergite brown (Figs. 35–36); legs and wings: similar to female; abdomen: all tergites brown with long and yellow pilosity; sclerites yellowish; tergites 1–4 with same width; all sternites yellow with short pilosity of the same color. Genitalia: not detached. However, cerci and epandrium have globose shape and yellow color (Fig. 35). © 2021 Academia Sinica, Taiwan Distribution: Chile, from Valparaíso region to Los Ríos region and Argentina (first record; Shaun Winterton, pers. comm.) (Fig. 37). Remarks: native species distributed from the Santiagan province in central Chile subregion to Valdivian forest province in subantarctic subregion (Morrone 2015). We extend the historical distributional range 224 km to north from Valdivia (type locality) to Nahuelbuta National Park and we fill the gaps in the La Araucanía region and also, we extend in 65.83 km southeast from Valdivia to San Pablo, Los Lagos region (new distribution record). This species has been recently observed associated to semi-rural environments thanks to the citizen science program (Figs. 30–32). Villalus inanis seems to be mainly distributed by the coastal forest which has been highly fragmented by forestry, urbanization and crops. The host is unknown. The female holotype of V. chilensis described by Cole (1918; Figs. 33–34), looks as all V. inanis examined for this work and therefore both species were considered the same. All morphological characteristics, especially wing veins are completely similar to specimens reviewed. According with Shaun Winterton (pers. comm.), two males of this species possess sexual dimorphism because they are smaller than females with many brown (mainly thorax and tergites) and yellow segments (Figs. 35–36). Curatorial note: According to González et al. (2018) the type specimen is not deposited in MNHNCL. Currently, the holotype is in the California Department of Food and Agriculture and on loan from USNM., Published as part of Barahona-Segovia, Rodrigo M., Guzmán, Vicente Valdés & Pañinao-Monsálvez, Laura, 2021, Review of Chilean Cyrtinae (Diptera: Acroceridae) with the Description of Three New Species and the First Record of Villalus inanis from Argentina, pp. 1-18 in Zoological Studies 60 (35) on pages 11-14, DOI: 10.6620/ZS.2021.60-35, http://zenodo.org/record/8070503, {"references":["Philippi RA. 1865. Aufzahlung der chilenischen Dipteren. Verh Zool- Bot Ges Wien 15: 595 - 782.","Cole FR. 1918. A new genus of Cyrtidae from South America (Dip.). Entomol News 29: 61 - 64.","Pape T, Thompson FC. 2013. Systema Dipterorum, Version 1.5. http: // www. diptera. org /. Accessed on 5 January 2017.","Morrone JJ. 2015. Biogeographical regionalisation of the Andean region. Zootaxa 3936: 207 - 236. doi: 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3936.2.3.","Gonzalez CR, Elgueta M, Ramirez F. 2018. A catalog of Acroceridae (Diptera) from Chile. Zootaxa 4374: 427 - 440. doi: 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4374.3.6."]}

Holops cyaneus (Philippi, 1865: 645) (Figs. 3–4, 16, 21) Material examined: syntype: “San Juan, Valdivia, Chile ” (MNHNCL); other specimens: Chile. Coquimbo: El Ñague, 18.x.1976, Leg. K. Lohmar (IEUMCE); El Ñague, 26.10.1991, Leg. J. Solervicens (IEUMCE); Valparaíso: Valparaíso, xi.1967, Leg. W.H. Sifalí (MNHNCL); Caleta Horcón, 2.ii.1969, Leg. M. Cerda; Marga-Marga, x.1927, Leg. NN (MNHNCL); Santo Domingo, xii.1970, Leg. P. Ramírez (MNHNCL); M e t ro p o l i t a n a: La Obra, 1.xii.1991, Leg. NN (MNHNCL); La Obra, 850 m, 26.xii.2011, Leg. A. Ramírez (FRPC); Maule: Constitución, 5.ii.1984, Leg. C. de la Cuadra (MNHNCL); La Araucanía: Nahuelbuta National Park, 20.i.1981, Leg. M. Cerda (MNHNCL); Conguillio National Park, 13.ii.1979, Leg. J. Solervicens (IEUMCE); Los Ríos: Santo Domingo, Valdivia, 31.xii.1989, Leg. E. Krahmer (UACH); Valdivia, 12.xii.1976, Leg. E. Krahmer (UACH). Type locality: San Juan, Valdivia, Chile (Philippi, 1865). Diagnosis: shiny blue-violet species. Head black. Eyes with long blackish pilosity. Scutum with long and brownish pilosity. Katepisternum, meron, katatergite, katepimeron and anatergite opaque violet-bluish color. Legs dark brownish, excepting the tarsi, which are light brown-yellowish. Cell r 4+5 elongated and wide. Abdomen with oval shape in dorsal view and with double size of thorax. Description: Length: 6.10 ± 0.19 mm; width: 2.06 ± 0.02 mm (head), 3.14 ± 0.05 mm (thorax) and 4.42 ± 0.08 mm (abdomen); wing: 6.00 ± 0.07 mm (n = 10); female: head: black; the size is similar to the height of thorax; antenna inserted in the middle of the head; scape and pedicelum black with similar size among them (Figs. 3–4); flagellum styliform two times and half longer than pedicelum and scape together approximately; in the last flagellomere, a thin black arista raise from apex; antennae shorter than total head length; eyes black with short and brownish ommatrichia; three small ocelli brownish with ocellar triangle shiny black, some protuberant and 5–12 yellowish hairs; occiput blackish with long brownish pilosity; mouth parts yellow; thorax: shiny violet-blue scutum with long, dense and brownish pilosity, sparse but uniformly distributed (Figs. 3–4); postocellar lobe shiny blue with long and brownish pilosity (Fig. 4); anterior spiracle with yellow pilosity; proepimeron and anepisternum shiny blue-violet color; katepisternum, meron, katatergite, katepimeron and anatergite opaque violet-bluish color; anepimeron with some pale hairs (Fig. 4); subalar sclerite brownish without pilosity; scutellum shiny blue-violet color with long and brownish pilosity; legs: coxa, trochanters, femora, tibiae and tarsi have violet-brownish color and covered with short and brown-yellowish pilosity; femora not swollen; tarsi have dense and light brownish pilosity (Fig. 4); black claws; wings: smoky and membranous appearance; all veins dark brown; R 1 and R 2+3 are closer among them; R 4 and R 5 slightly petiolated and separated in the distal part for 1/3 of length of each vein; M 1, M 2 and M 3+4 not reaching the wing margin and similar in size; cell r 4+5 elongated, with five sides and half of length of R 2+3 vein; cell m 3 with triangular shape and 1/3 length of r 4+5, connected to cell bm by a projection of m-cu vein (Fig. 16); halters brownish; calypter rim blackish and interior part is pale brownish with dense and long brownish pilosity; abdomen: strongly curved in 3rd tergite; in dorsal view oval shape with double size of thorax (Fig. 3); fully rough; all tergites shiny blue; tergites 1–4 with the same length and width; tergite 5–6 greatly reduced and not visible in dorsal view; all with long and black pilosity; all sclerite with brownish color; genitalia: cerci rounded in apex and brownish with short blackish pilosity; in dorsal view gonocoxa are brownish and posterior process of the gonocoxa curved inside (Fig. 21); male: similar to female, excepting the total size. © 2021 Academia Sinica, Taiwan Distribution: from Coquimbo region to Los Ríos region (Fig. 27). Remarks: endemic species that inhabits several vegetation formations. The specific epithet “ cyaneus ” (= blue (English); azul (Spanish)) is a masculine adjective refers to the color of the body of this species. Following to Morrone (2015), this species inhabits from the Coquimban and Santiagan province in central Chile sub-region to Valdivian forest province in the subantartic sub-region. Schlinger (1987) reported that this spider fly parasites Exlinea (Amaurobiidae) spiders., Published as part of Barahona-Segovia, Rodrigo M., Guzmán, Vicente Valdés & Pañinao-Monsálvez, Laura, 2021, Review of Chilean Cyrtinae (Diptera: Acroceridae) with the Description of Three New Species and the First Record of Villalus inanis from Argentina, pp. 1-18 in Zoological Studies 60 (35) on pages 4-5, DOI: 10.6620/ZS.2021.60-35, http://zenodo.org/record/8070503, {"references":["Philippi RA. 1865. Aufzahlung der chilenischen Dipteren. Verh Zool- Bot Ges Wien 15: 595 - 782.","Morrone JJ. 2015. Biogeographical regionalisation of the Andean region. Zootaxa 3936: 207 - 236. doi: 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3936.2.3.","Schlinger EI. 1987. The biology of Acroceridae (Diptera): true endoparasitoids of spiders. In: Nentwig W (ed), Ecophysiology of spiders. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, pp. 319 - 327."]}

Barahona-Segovia, Rodrigo M., Guzmán, Vicente Valdés, Pañinao-Monsálvez, Laura (2021): Review of Chilean Cyrtinae (Diptera: Acroceridae) with the Description of Three New Species and the First Record of Villalus inanis from Argentina. Zoological Studies 60 (35): 1-18, DOI: 10.6620/ZS.2021.60-35

Holops pullomen sp. nov. Barahona-Segovia (Figs. 11–12, 19, 22) urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: D5BB0932-BA4B-4674-A5E6- 5E7FA245D619 Material examined: Holotype: male, in excellent condition, found in the Ernesto Krahmer’s collection from UACH and finally deposited in the MNHNCL; with the following labels: “Prov. Valdivia / Santo Domingo / 04.x.1987 / Leg. E. Krahmer ”; “ Holotypus / Holops pullomen / spec. nov. ³ / det. Barahona-Segovia 2019 ” [red]. Type locality: Chile: Valdivia Province, Santo Domingo. Etymology: the specific epithet ‘ pullomen ’ is taken from Mapuche mythology and refers to Pullomeñ, a large blue fly identified by the Mapuches as souls’ bearer of the dead who wish to live again. For this reason, it is forbidden to kill the insect. The machi (= shaman or woman sorcerer) requires his presence when she must heal people with walking problems or who walk with the same movement as the blue fly. Diagnosis: shiny dark blue-violet species. Head and eyes black. Scutum dark blue with yellowish pilosity. Postocellar lobe violet. Anepisternum, meron, katatergite and subalar sclerite are brownish. Coxa and trochanter dark brownish. Femora bicolor (brown-yellow). M 1 vein shorter than M 2. The cell r 4+5 elongated and thin. Abdomen globose in dorsal view and slightly widest than maximum margins of thorax. First tergite dark violet color. Tergites 2–6 with light violet color. Description: Length: 7.1 mm; width: 1.3 mm (head), 2.4 mm (thorax) and 4.0 mm (abdomen); wing: 7.4 mm; male: head: eyes brownish (Figs. 11–12); the size is 3/4 of the maximum height of the thorax; antenna inserted in the middle of the head; scape and pedicelum blackish with similar size; flagellum styliform approximately three times longer than pedicelum and scape together; antennae shorter than head length; eyes with long and brown pilosity; three ocelli dark brownish with ocellar triangle black somewhat protuberant; occiput bright grey with long brown pilosity; mouth parts dark brownish; thorax: shiny dark blue scutum with long, dense and whitish pilosity, sparse but uniformly distributed (Figs. 11–12); postocellar lobe violet-brownish with long and yellowish pilosity (Fig. 12); anterior spiracle light yellow; anepisternum and katepisternum shiny blue with long and yellowish pilosity; posterior basalare and anepisternum violet-brownish with yellowish pilosity; subalar sclerite violet-brownish; meron and katepimeron without pilosity and with shiny blue-violet color; katatergite and anatergite with shiny blue color and yellowish pilosity (Fig. 12); legs: coxa, trochanters and femora brown excepting posterior part which is yellow (Fig. 12); tarsi are light yellow-brownish with dense brown pilosity; black claws; wings: hyaline; all veins dark brown; R 4 and R 5 forked and separated for the half of length of each vein; M 1, M 2 and M 3+4 not reaching the wing margin; M 1 shorter than M 2; cell r 4+5 elongated, with six sides, thin and 3/4 length of R 2+3 vein; cell m 3 with 1/3 length of r connected to cell bm by a very short projection of m-cu vein (Fig. 19); halters brownish with apex some yellowish; calypter rim blackish and interior part is brownish with dense and long brownish pilosity abdomen: curved in 5th tergite; globose slightly wider than margins thorax (Fig. 11); fully rough; first tergite blackish and 2–6 tergites with violet color (Figs. 11– 12); tergites 2–5 with same width and tergite 6 greatly reduced; all with long and yellow-brownish pilosity; all sclerite of violet color; genitalia: not detached; cerci brownish and globose in dorsal view, covered with sparse pilosity; epandrium and gonocoxa barely visible and covered with yellow and short pilosity (Fig. 22). © 2021 Academia Sinica, Taiwan 4+5 Distribution: only known from the type locality (Fig. 27). Remarks: endemic species that inhabit in similar biogeographical province, subregion and forest type that H. anarayae. The host is unknown., Published as part of Barahona-Segovia, Rodrigo M., Guzmán, Vicente Valdés & Pañinao-Monsálvez, Laura, 2021, Review of Chilean Cyrtinae (Diptera: Acroceridae) with the Description of Three New Species and the First Record of Villalus inanis from Argentina, pp. 1-18 in Zoological Studies 60 (35) on pages 8-9, DOI: 10.6620/ZS.2021.60-35, http://zenodo.org/record/8070503, {"references":["Barahona-Segovia RM, Barcelo M. 2019. A new flower fly species of Cepa Thompson & Vockeroth (Diptera: Syrphidae) from the Valdivian evergreen forest hotspot, Chile. Zootaxa 4612: 431 - 439. doi: 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4612.3.9."]}

Holops grezi sp. nov. Barahona-Segovia (Figs. 9–10, 18) urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 0DD291B6-7C65-44F8-9BC4- 7E590B10F3FE Material examined: Holotype: male, in regular condition (see notes below), found in the Ernesto Krahmer’s collection from UACH and finally deposited in the MNHNCL; with the following labels: “Col. 2.ii.1983 / Conguillio / Leg. E. Krahmer ”; “ Holotypus / Holops grezi / sp. nov. ³ / det. Barahona-Segovia 2019 ” [red]. Type locality: Cautín province, Conguillio National Park, La Araucanía region, Chile. Etymology: specific epithet ‘ grezi ’ refers to Audrey A. Grez Villarroel, a recognized Chilean entomologist, member of Ecology Society of Chile and full professor at the University of Chile. Audrey Grez has significantly contributed to the knowledge of both native and exotic ladybugs species and their impact on the composition and function of the native species in the agricultural landscape. In addition, she has contributed to the study of native beetles in the fragmented landscape, specifically in Maulino forest, where she has driven several theses both undergraduate as well as postgrad students. Diagnosis: shiny dark greenish species. Head and eyes black. Flagellum 2-fold longer than scape and pedicelum together. Scutum, thoracic segments and abdomen are shiny dark green with brown pilosity. Coxa, trochanter and femora brownish. Tibia and tarsi light brownish. Wings smoked. Cell r 4+5 elongated and thin. Cell m 3 with conic shape and directly connected cell bm. Abdomen globose in dorsal view and slightly wider that maximum margins of thorax. Description: female: Length: 6.2 mm; width: 2.1 mm (head), 3.1 mm (thorax) and 4.5 mm (abdomen); wing: 7.3 mm; head: the size is 3/4 of the maximum height of the thorax (Fig. 7); antenna inserted in the middle of the head; scape and pedicelum blackish with similar size; flagellum styliform two times longer than pedicelum and scape together; antennae shorter than head length; eyes with long and brown ommatrichia; apparently two ocelli dark bluish with ocellar triangle bluish and some protuberant; occiput shiny blue with long black pilosity; mouth parts yellow; thorax: shiny blue-blackish scutum with long, dense and black pilosity, sparse but uniformly distributed (Figs. 9–10); postocellar lobe shiny blue with long and black pilosity; anterior spiracle light yellow; proepimeron, anepisternum, katepisternum, meron, katatergite, katepimeron and anatergite dark blue with long and black-brownish pilosity (Fig. 10); subalar sclerite brownish without pilosity; scutellum shiny blue, some collapsed due to manage of the pin; legs: coxa, trochanters and femora dark brownish, and tibiae and tarsi are light brownish, both covered with long and brown-yellowish pilosity, especially in the femora (Fig. 10); tarsi have dense pilosity (Fig. 10); black claws; wings: smoky and membranous appearance; all veins dark brown; R 1 and R 2+3 are closer among them (Fig. 18); R 4 slightly petiolated; R 5 straight; R 4 and R 5 in the distal part are separated for 1/3 of length of each vein; M 1, M 2 and M 3+4 not reaching the wing margin (Fig. 18); M 1 and M 2 are similar in size; cell r 4+5 elongated, with five sides and thin, with 3/4 length of R 2+3 vein; cell m 3 with conic shape and 1/3 length of r 4+5 connected to cell bm directly (Fig. 18); halters bicolor with stem light yellow and knob brownish; calypter rim blackish and interior part is brownish with dense and long brownish pilosity; abdomen: blackish, globose and similar in size at thorax (Fig. 9); fully rough with brownish pilosity; all tergites blackish with some blue-green tints; tergites 1–5 with same width and tergite 6 greatly reduced; all with long and yellow-brownish pilosity; all sclerite with greenish color; genitalia: not detached; cerci barely visible and covered with yellow and short pilosity. © 2021 Academia Sinica, Taiwan Distribution: only known from the type locality (Fig. 27). Remarks: endemic species that belongs to Pehuén district in the Maule province, subantarctic subregion (Morrone 2015). This area is characterized by the presence of Araucaria araucana and Nothofagus species, forming forests with high structural complexity. The host is unknown. Curatorial note: thorax somewhat collapsed and abdomen something separated due to the pin management by collector., Published as part of Barahona-Segovia, Rodrigo M., Guzmán, Vicente Valdés & Pañinao-Monsálvez, Laura, 2021, Review of Chilean Cyrtinae (Diptera: Acroceridae) with the Description of Three New Species and the First Record of Villalus inanis from Argentina, pp. 1-18 in Zoological Studies 60 (35) on pages 7-8, DOI: 10.6620/ZS.2021.60-35, http://zenodo.org/record/8070503, {"references":["Barahona-Segovia RM, Barcelo M. 2019. A new flower fly species of Cepa Thompson & Vockeroth (Diptera: Syrphidae) from the Valdivian evergreen forest hotspot, Chile. Zootaxa 4612: 431 - 439. doi: 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4612.3.9.","Morrone JJ. 2015. Biogeographical regionalisation of the Andean region. Zootaxa 3936: 207 - 236. doi: 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3936.2.3."]}

Holops frauenfeldi Schiner 1868: 143 (Figs. 5–8, 17, 23) = Holops nigrapex Bigot, 1878: lxxi. Material examined: Holotype: “ Chile ” (NMW). Other specimens: Chile. Valparaíso: Quintero Bosque, 31.x.1979, Leg. Cerda (MNHNCL); Sporting Club, Viña del Mar, x.2018, Leg. Gabriela Germain (CSP, electronic voucher: https://figshare.com/s/ eed9244bc6b4f368f552); Colliguay, ii.1933, Leg. NN (MNHNCL); Perales, no data, Leg. NN (MNHNCL); Las Rocas de Santo Domingo, 4.xi.1973, Leg. P. Ramírez F. (MNHNCL); Caleta Horcón, 2.ii.1969, Leg. M. Cerda (MNHNCL); Reñaca, 19.x.1975, Leg. Cerda (MNHNCL); Mantagua, 27.x.1975, Leg. M. Cerda (MNHNCL); Metropolitana: **Vallecito, 7 km, Farellones, 2.ii.2015, Leg. Rodrigo Barahona S. (RBSPC); **Rio Clarillo National Reserve, 28.11.2017, Leg. Ricardo Varela (CSP, electronic voucher: https:// figshare.com/s/d7d3bc8b56c84be42196); La Obra, 850 msnm, 5.xii.2009, 17.xii.2009, 10.xi.2017, 27.xi.2014; Leg. A. Ramírez (FRPC); Fundo El Manzano, Leg. Rodrigo Barahona S. (PCRBS); Cajón del Maipo, x. 2013, Leg. Álvaro Cuevas (CSP, electronic voucher: https://figshare.com/s/56d3707733ac4eb6589d); Maule: Altos de Vilches, 1280 m, 24.xi.1971, Leg. J. Solervicens (MNHNCL); Ñuble: Los Lleuques, 15.i.1996, Leg. S. Roitman (MNHNCL); Piedras Comadres, 12.i.1995, Leg. S. Roitman (MNHNCL); Araucanía: **Sierra Nevada, Conguillio National Park, 15.i.2006, Leg. Rodrigo Barahona (RBSPC); Los Ríos: Panguipulli, 9.ii.1993, Leg. Rodrigo Barahona S. (RBSPC); Santo Domingo, Valdivia, 19.i.1985, Leg, E. Krahmer (MNHNCL); Valdivia, 28.ii.1982, Leg. E. Krahmer (UACH). Type locality: Chile (Pape and Thompson 2013). Diagnosis: blackish species with golden gloss. Head and eyes blacks. Thorax and abdomen with dense, long and rufous pilosity. All thoracic segments blackish with golden gloss. Legs dark brownish with short and yellowish pilosity. Wings smoky and brownish. Cell r 4+5 width. First tergite blackish with golden gloss and brownish pilosity. Tergites 3–6 black with pilosity of same color. Abdomen globose in dorsal view and slightly widest than maximum margin of the thorax. Description: Length: 6.12 ± 0.27 mm; width: 2.02 ± 0.06 mm (head), 3.38 ± 0.08 mm (thorax) and 3.92 ± 0.22 mm (abdomen); wing: 5.86 ± 0.22 mm; male: head: the size is 3/4 of the maximum height of the thorax (Fig. 5); antenna inserted in the middle of the head; scape and pedicelum blackish with similar size; flagellum styliform almost three times longer than pedicelum and scape together; arista with the half of size of flagellum; antennae shorter than head length; eyes with long and brown ommatrichia; apparently two ocelli dark bluish with ocellar triangle bluish and some protuberant; occiput shiny blue with long black pilosity; mouth parts yellow; thorax: black-golden scutum covered with dense rufous pilosity, sparse but uniformly distributed (Figs. 5–7); postocellar lobe shiny golden-greenish; anterior spiracle yellow; proepimeron, anepisternum, katepisternum, meron, katatergite, katepimeron and anatergite blackish with golden reflects and with long and rufous pilosity; subalar sclerite brownish without pilosity; scutellum blackish with golden reflects and rufous pilosity; legs: coxa, trochanters, femora, and tibiae blackish covered with brownish pilosity; tarsi are brownish covered with long and brown-yellowish pilosity; black claws; wings: smoky brownish and membranous appearance (Fig. 5); all veins dark brown; R 1 and R 2+3 are closer among them; R 4 and R 5 forked; R 4 and R 5 slightly petiolated; R 4 and R 5 separated in the distal part for 1/3 of length of each vein; M 1, M 2 and M 3+4 not reaching the wing margin and similar in size; cell r 4+5 width, with more than 1/2 length of R 2+3 vein; cell m 3 with conic shape and 1/3 length of r 4+5 and connected to cell bm by a projection of m-cu (Fig. 17); halters brownish with some parts yellowish; calypter rim blackish and interior part is pale with dense and long brownish pilosity; abdomen: strongly curved in third tergites; in dorsal view, oval shape and similar in length at thorax; widest than maximum margins of thorax; fully rough; first and second tergite golden-greenish with dense and rufous pilosity, sometimes golden (Fig. 8); tergites 3–6 blackish with dense and rufous-black or golden pilosity (Figs. 6–8); tergites 1–4 similar in length and width among them; tergite 6 greatly reduced; all sclerite with dark-brownish color; genitalia: cerci brownish and width in the apex, covered with abundant pilosity in dorsal view (Fig. 23, dorsal view); aedeagus brownish; gonocoxa black and widest in basal area (Fig. 23, lateral view). © 2021 Academia Sinica, Taiwan © 2021 Academia Sinica, Taiwan Distribution: From Valparaíso region to Los Ríos region (Fig. 27). Remarks: endemic species with similar distribution and Andean sub-regions occupied by H. cyanea (Morrone 2015). The specific epithet is in honor of Georg von Frauenfeld (1807–1873), an Austrian naturalist in zoology, specifically in Entomology and Malacology. In his entomological studies, he emphasized specially in Diptera. Adults have been observed interacting in the sclerophyllous forest characterizing by the presence of native trees or shrubs such as Kageneckia oblonga Ruiz and Pav., Lithraea caustica (Molina) Hook. et Arn., Trevoa trinervis Gillies and Hook., and Colliguaja odorifera Molina. This spider fly has a territorial behavior where the flies use the same dry branches or leaves to watch potential competitors or females (Ricardo Varela and Vicente Valdés com pers.). Adults present two types of flight: one slowly, especially when choosing dry branches and another faster, where attacking to other conspecific flies (Vicente Valdés com pers). Some areas in which it has been captured have a large number of Alstroemeria ligtu var. simsii flowers when this species has been observed sleeping (Rodrigo Barahona-Segovia, pers. obs.). Individuals present high variability in total length. In addition, the pilosity color of scutum and abdomen ranges from rufous (typical) to golden (less frequent). The host is unknown., Published as part of Barahona-Segovia, Rodrigo M., Guzmán, Vicente Valdés & Pañinao-Monsálvez, Laura, 2021, Review of Chilean Cyrtinae (Diptera: Acroceridae) with the Description of Three New Species and the First Record of Villalus inanis from Argentina, pp. 1-18 in Zoological Studies 60 (35) on pages 5-7, DOI: 10.6620/ZS.2021.60-35, http://zenodo.org/record/8070503, {"references":["Schiner IR. 1868. Diptera. vi + 388 pp., 4 pls. In: Wullerstorf-Urbair B von (ed), Reise der osterreichischen Fregatte Novara. Zool. 2 (1) B. K. Gerold's Sohn, Wien.","Bigot JMF. 1878. Description d'un nouveau genre de Dipteres et cells de deux especes du genre Holops (Cyrtidae). Ann Soc Entomol Fr 8: lxxi - lxxii.","Pape T, Thompson FC. 2013. Systema Dipterorum, Version 1.5. http: // www. diptera. org /. Accessed on 5 January 2017.","Morrone JJ. 2015. Biogeographical regionalisation of the Andean region. Zootaxa 3936: 207 - 236. doi: 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3936.2.3."]}

Lasia cuprea Rondani, 1863 ORIGINAL DESCRIPTION: 1863: 75. TYPE LOCALITY: “ Chiliae [Chile]”. TYPE MATERIAL: 1 ♀, syntype (MZUN: Box with no identification label): Lasia cuprea Rond., Chili [= Chile] / M. Zool. N° 11082. CURRENT STATUS: valid species, senior synonym of Panops nigripes Philippi, 1865 (new synonymy, this work). See Remarks. REMARKS: Rondani (1863: 75) described Lasia cuprea, without specifying either the number or the sex of the specimens, but giving a single measurement of length, from material received from R.A. Philippi under the name “ ocelligera ” and characterized by black legs (“ Pedes nigricantes ”). Philippi (1865: 648) described Panops nigripes from a single specimen collected in Chile, similar to Panops ocelliger Wiedemann, 1830, but with black femora. Edwards (1930: 195) and Stuardo (1946: 102) incorrectly considered Lasia cuprea Rondani, 1863 as a possible synonym of Lasia nigripes Philippi, 1865 (applying the Principle of Priority Lasia nigripes should be the junior synonym of Lasia cuprea). González et al. (2018: 433) considered Lasia cuprea and Lasia nigripes as valid species. No specimen under the name Panops nigripes is present in the MNHNS (M.E. Elgueta Donoso, pers. comm., 2018) where Philippi’s collection is preserved. We found one syntype of Lasia cuprea in the MZUN. In our opinion Rondani and Philippi described two different nominal species based on the same specimen, thus Panops nigripes Philippi, 1865 must be considered as a junior synonym of Lasia cuprea Rondani, 1863, new synonymy., Published as part of Sforzi, Alessandra & Sommaggio, Daniele, 2021, Catalog of the Diptera types described by Camillo Rondani, pp. 1-438 in Zootaxa 4989 (1) on page 28, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4989.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/4980621, {"references":["Rondani, C. (1863) Diptera exotica revisa et annotata novis nonnullis descriptis. Eredi Soliani, Modena, 99 pp., 1 pl. [This is the separate that came out before the journal version with a different title, here as Rondani (1864 a)].","Philippi, R. A. (1865) Aufzahlung der chilenischen Diptera. Verhandlungen der Kaiserlich - Koniglichen Zoologisch - Botanischen Gesellschaft in Wien, 15, 595 - 782.","Wiedemann, C. R. W. (1830) Aussereuropaische zweiflugelige Insekten. Zweiter Theil. Schulz, Hamm, xii + 684 pp. + 5 pls.","Edwards, F. W. (1930) Bombyliidae, Nemestrinidae and Cyrtidae. In: Diptera of Patagonia and south Chile based mainly on material in the British Museum (Natural History). Part V Fasc. 2. British Museum (Natural History), London, pp. 162 - 197.","Stuardo, C. (1946) Catalogo de los dipteros de Chile. Ministerio de Agricultura, Impresiones Universitaria, Santiago, 250 pp.","Gonzalez, C. R., Elgueta, M. & Ramirez, F. (2018) A catalog of Acroceridae (Diptera) from Chile. Zootaxa, 4374, 427 - 440. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4374.3.6"]}

Lasia aenea Rondani, 1863 ORIGINAL DESCRIPTION: 1863: 75. TYPE LOCALITY: “ Chiliae [Chile]” (Rondani 1863: 75); “ prov. Santiago … Fusse der Cerro S. Cristóval ” (Chile) (Philippi 1865: 647). TYPE MATERIAL: 1 specimen, syntype (sex not determinable, missing left wing), (MZUN: Box with no identification label): Lasia rufipes West., Chili [= Chile] / M. Zool. N° 11081. CURRENT STATUS: valid species as Lasia aenea (Philippi, 1865) (González et al. 2018: 432); valid species as Lasia aenea Rondani, 1863 and senior synonym of Lasia aenea (Philippi, 1865) (new synonymy, this work). See Remarks. REMARKS: Rondani (1863: 75) attributed Lasia aenea to Philippi and considered it as a junior synonym of Lasia rufipes Westwood, 1848. Philippi (1865: 647) described Panops aeneus on the same material. Röder (1882: 510) and Hunter (1901: 152) considered Lasia aenea (Philippi, 1865) as a junior synonym of Lasia rufipes Westwood. Dunning (1877: 261), Wulp (1882: 88), Reed (1888: 14), Brèthes (1908: 285), Kertész (1909a: 8) and Edwards (1930: 194) treated Lasia aenea (Philippi, 1865) as a valid species while no author considered Lasia aenea Rondani, 1863 as a valid species. O’Hara et al. (2011: 206) considered the name Lasia aenea as available and attributed it to Rondani. González et al. (2018: 432) considered Lasia aenea (Philippi, 1865) as a valid species and incorrectly Lasia aenea Rondani, 1863 as a nomen nudum. Since Lasia aenea Rondani, 1863 and Lasia aenea (Philippi, 1865) are the same nominal species, we consider Lasia aenea Rondani as an available name and Panops aeneus Philippi, 1865 as a junior synonym of Lasia aenea Rondani, 1863, new synonymy. We found one syntype of Lasia aenea (as Lasia rufipes) in the MZUN., Published as part of Sforzi, Alessandra & Sommaggio, Daniele, 2021, Catalog of the Diptera types described by Camillo Rondani, pp. 1-438 in Zootaxa 4989 (1) on page 28, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4989.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/4980621, {"references":["Rondani, C. (1863) Diptera exotica revisa et annotata novis nonnullis descriptis. Eredi Soliani, Modena, 99 pp., 1 pl. [This is the separate that came out before the journal version with a different title, here as Rondani (1864 a)].","Philippi, R. A. (1865) Aufzahlung der chilenischen Diptera. Verhandlungen der Kaiserlich - Koniglichen Zoologisch - Botanischen Gesellschaft in Wien, 15, 595 - 782.","Gonzalez, C. R., Elgueta, M. & Ramirez, F. (2018) A catalog of Acroceridae (Diptera) from Chile. Zootaxa, 4374, 427 - 440. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4374.3.6","Roder, V. von (1882) Zur Synonymie einiger chilenischer Dipteren. Entomologische Zeitung, 43, 510 - 511.","Hunter, W. D. (1901) Catalogue of the Diptera of South America. Part II, Homodactyla and Mydiadae. Transactions of the American Entomological Society, 27, 121 - 155.","Dunning, J. W. (1877) A review of Westwood's 1876 paper. The Entomologist's Monthly Magazine, 13, 259 - 264.","Wulp, F. M. van der (1882) Amerikaansche Diptera. Tijdschrift voor Entomologie, 25, 77 - 136.","Reed, E. C. (1888) Catalogo de los insectos dipteros de Chile. Anales de la Universidad de Chile, 73, 271 - 316. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 8562","Brethes, J. (1908) Catalogo de los dipteros de las republicas del Plata. Anales del Museo Nacional de Buenos Aires, 9, 277 - 305.","Kertesz, K. (1909 a) Catalogus Dipterorum hucusque descriptorum. Volumen IV. Oncodidae, Nemestrinidae, Mydaidae, Apioceridae, Asilidae. Museum Nationale Hungaricum, Budapestini [= Budapest], 348 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 5145","Edwards, F. W. (1930) Bombyliidae, Nemestrinidae and Cyrtidae. In: Diptera of Patagonia and south Chile based mainly on material in the British Museum (Natural History). Part V Fasc. 2. British Museum (Natural History), London, pp. 162 - 197.","O'Hara, J. E., Cerretti, P., Pape, T. & Evenhuis, N. L. (2011) Nomenclatural studies toward a world list of Diptera genus-group names. Part II: Camillo Rondani. Zootaxa, 3141, 1 - 268. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3141.1.1"]}

Lasia metallica Rondani, 1863 ORIGINAL DESCRIPTION: 1863: 75. TYPE LOCALITY: “ Chiliae [Chile]”. TYPE MATERIAL: 1 ♀, syntype (missing antennae) (MZUN: Box with no identification label): Lasia metallica Rond., Chili [= Chile] / M. Zool. N° 11080. CURRENT STATUS: valid species (González et al. 2018: 433). REMARKS: Rondani (1863: 75) described Lasia metallica, without specifying the number, the sex or the length of the specimens, from material received from P.J.M. Macquart who named it as “ ocelligera ”. We found one syntype in this study., Published as part of Sforzi, Alessandra & Sommaggio, Daniele, 2021, Catalog of the Diptera types described by Camillo Rondani, pp. 1-438 in Zootaxa 4989 (1) on page 29, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4989.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/4980621, {"references":["Rondani, C. (1863) Diptera exotica revisa et annotata novis nonnullis descriptis. Eredi Soliani, Modena, 99 pp., 1 pl. [This is the separate that came out before the journal version with a different title, here as Rondani (1864 a)].","Gonzalez, C. R., Elgueta, M. & Ramirez, F. (2018) A catalog of Acroceridae (Diptera) from Chile. Zootaxa, 4374, 427 - 440. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4374.3.6"]}

Microstylium vestitum Rondani, 1875 ORIGINAL DESCRIPTION: 1875c: 447. TYPE LOCALITY: “ Insula Bonae Fortunae (Borneo), Provincia Sarawak [Bona Fortuna Island, Sarawak Province, Borneo]” (Rondani 1875c: 421). TYPE MATERIAL: 1 ♂, holotype (MSNG): Borneo, Sarawak, 1865/1866, Coll. Doria / Typus / vestitum Rond. / Microstylium vestitum n° 46. CURRENT STATUS: valid species (Oldroyd 1975: 122). REMARKS: Rondani (1875c: 447) described Microstylium vestitum from just the male sex, without specifying the exact number of specimens and not giving a range of lengths, from material collected by G. Doria and O. Beccari. Guiglia (1957: 193) and Raineri & Rey (1996: 30) reported the holotype (♂) in the MSNG., Published as part of Sforzi, Alessandra & Sommaggio, Daniele, 2021, Catalog of the Diptera types described by Camillo Rondani, pp. 1-438 in Zootaxa 4989 (1) on page 59, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4989.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/4980621, {"references":["Rondani, C. (1875 c) Muscaria exotica Musei Civici Januensis observata et distincta. Fragmentum III. Species in Insula Bonae Fortunae (Borneo), Provincia Sarawak, annis 1865 - 68, lectae a March. J. Doria et Doct. O. Beccari. Annali del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Genova, 7, 421 - 464.","Oldroyd, H. (1975) Family Asilidae. In: Delfinado, M. D. & Hardy, D. E. (Eds.), A catalog of the Diptera of the Oriental Region. Volume II. Suborder Brachycera through Division Aschiza, Suborder Cyclorrhapha. University of Hawaii Press, Honolulu, pp. 99 - 156.","Guiglia, D. (1957) I tipi di ditteri di Camillo Rondani e di altri autori appartenenti alle collezioni del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Genova. Annali del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Genov a, 69, 193 - 207.","Raineri, V. & Rey, A. (1996). Elenco di tipi di ditteri conservati nel Museo Civico di Storia Naturale \" G. Doria \" di Genova. Annali del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale \" Giacomo Doria \", 91, 27 - 64."]}

In the course of evolution, mutualism between pollinators and plants was likely first developed between insects and gymnosperms, since the occurrence of long-proboscid Mecoptera, Neuroptera and Diptera predates the diversification of flowering plants in the Early Cretaceous by at least 60 million years. Here we report one of the most advanced pre-angiosperm pollinator, the Late Jurassic acrocerid fly Archocyrtus kovalevi (Nartshuk, 1996). Re-examination of the holotype specimen has shown that A. kovalevi had an extremely long siphonate proboscis (12 mm) almost twice the length of its body. Relatively, this kind of mouthpart was the longest of all long-proboscid Mesozoic insects hitherto. While long-proboscid species of extant Acroceridae are known as pollinators of flowers with long corolla tubes, we hypothesize that A. kovalevi pollinated bisexual bennettitalean cones such as Williamsoniella karataviensis Tur.-Ket., 1963 from the same deposits.

The phylogeny of spider flies is presented based on an analysis of DNA sequence data combined with morphological characters for both living and fossil species. We sampled 40 extant and extinct genera across all major lineages of Acroceridae, which were compared with outgroup taxa from various lower brachyceran families. In all, 81 morphological characters of 60 extant and 10 extinct ingroup species were combined with 7.1 kb of DNA sequences of two nuclear (CAD and 28S rDNA) and two mitochondrial genes (COI and 16S rDNA). Results strongly support the monophyly of Acroceridae, with major clades contained within classified here in five extant subfamilies (Acrocerinae, Cyrtinae stat. rev., Ogcodinae stat. rev., Panopinae and Philopotinae) and one extinct subfamily, Archocyrtinae. The evolution of important spider fly traits is discussed, including genitalia and wing venation. The status of the enigmatic Psilodera Gray and Pterodontia Gray as members of the Panopinae is confirmed based on both molecular and morphological data.

Nartshuk, E.P., Bagachanova, A.K. (2019): Small-headed flies (Diptera: Acroceridae) of Yakutia. Far Eastern Entomologist 375: 7-10, DOI: 10.25221/fee.375.2, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.25221/fee.375.2

A list of 55 species of Diptera from families Tanypezidae (1 species), Megamerinidae (1), Acroceridae (1), Psilidae (5), Lonchaeidae (8), Strongylophthalmyiidae (1), Ephydridae (21) Scathophagidae (17 species) collected in the Republic of Mordovia is given. Of them Protearomyia withersi MacGowan, 2014 and Lonchaea baechlii MacGowan, 2016 are recorded from Russia for the first time. Five species, namely Megamerina dolium Fabricius, 1805, Lonchaea carpathica Kovalev, 1974, Ephydra scholtzi Becker, 1896, Strongylophthalmyia pictipes Frey, 1935 and Chamaepsila bicolor (Meigen, 1826), are new for Central part of European Russia. The families Acroceridae, Megamerinidae, Psilidae, Tanypezidae and Strongylophthalmyiidae as well as 53 species are recorded from the Republic of Mordovia for the first time.

Ogcodes kunkunche Barahona-Segovia sp. nov. Figs. 1–2, 5–8 Holotype. [Holotype without mid and hind legs. Deposited in MNHNCL, with the following labels]: (1) “Caulin, Chacao, Chiloé / 14.ii.2019 / Leg. Marco Prado” and (2) “ Holotypus / Ogcodes kunkunche / sp. nov. ♂ / det. Bara- hona-Segovia 2019” (red). Diagnosis: Scutum shiny black with scutellum golden-yellow. Mid legs missing as well as hind tibiae and tarsi (see notes below). Fore femur bicolor with anterior part black and swollen throughout, while posterior femur yellow and not swollen. Tibiae and tarsi 1–4 golden yellow with fifth tarsus blackish. Tergite 1 with thin and pale white fascia in the posterior margin and tergites 2–6 golden-yellow with fascia of irregular shape near the lateral margins. Description: Total length: 4.1 mm; head height and width: 1.1 and 0.8 mm, respectively; thorax height and width: 1.8 mm and 1.7, mm respectively; Wing length: 3.2 mm. MALE. Head: Spheroidal; eyes dull black lacking ommatrichia; vertex large and black with black ocelli located anterolaterally; ocellar triangle with two darkish, scarcely protuberant ocelli occupying 50% of vertex; clypeus black; (Fig. 2); occipital setae black; antenna black, flagellum with four black setae (Fig. 3); Thorax: scutum shiny black, with large erected black pilosity continuous and sparsely distributed throughout (Figs. 5–6); anepisternum, anepimeron, katepisterum, metasternum, meron and katatergite shiny black without hairs or with very scarce, short and black pilosity (Fig. 5); scutellum golden-yellow, with erected hairs of the same color (Figs. 5–6); Legs: mid legs missing as well as hind tibiae and tarsi due to manipulation of collector (see notes below); coxa and trochanter shiny black (Fig. 5); fore femora swollen with dense pilosity, with proximal area blackish and a golden-yellow sickle-shape marking; hind femora enlarged, not swollen, with few golden-yellow maculae distally; large and black hairs present (Fig. 5); hind tibiae golden-yellow and thickened posteriorly, with short, yellow hairs distributed throughout; hind tarsi with golden-yellow color, excepting the fifth tarsus, which is darkish brown; claws darkish brown color (Fig. 5); Wing: with hyaline appearance, veins brown in color; cells c and sc with light brown color; veins M 1 and M 2 absent; M 4 and CuA present, light brown; crossvein m–cu absent; halter golden-yellow; calypter rim shiny black and interior part is brownish (Fig. 7). Abdomen: Triangular (Fig. 6); tergite 1 completely shiny black with posterior thin white-yellow pale fascia; tergites 2–6 shiny black with posterior golden-yellow fasciae; the first three fasciae cover about one third of each segment, thickened toward the abdominal margins; fascia of tergite 4 more enlarged than those of tergites 1 and 2; golden-yellow fascia covering approximately 50% and 80% of tergites 5 and 6, respectively (Fig. 6); Abdominal fascia on tergites 2–5 not reaching the anterior margin; sclerites dull black with whitish fascia in the posterior margin; Genitalia: partially everted (not dissected for this study); distal portion of aedeagus and gonopore rounded with a white mark; apex of the clasper brown (Fig. 8). Female: Unknown. Etymology: The specific epithet ‘ kunkunche ’ refers to the southern Mapuche people named ‘Cuncos’. The “cuncos” or “puncos” (in mapudungun language = kunkunche) were a sedentary indigenous people, frequently considered to be the southern-most branch of the Mapuche people. They lived in southern Chile from the Maullín River to the northern part of Chiloé and the neighboring islands. This indigenous people developed agriculture, cultivating several crops including potatoes and corn. Also, they were dedicated to recollecting marine mollusks and hunting marine fishes, sea lions and other marine mammals. The name “ kunkunche ” was chosen for this spider fly species because this indigenous people were the group most hostile to the Spanish colonizers, and this represents the persistence of the new species described herein in the fragmented landscape that currently dominates the main Chiloé Island. Distribution: Caulín, 41.816013° S, 73.596358° W, 48 m, Chacao, main Chiloé Island (Fig. 1). Remarks: Currently, Caulín is a rural town located in northern Chiloé Island with fragmented native forest cleared for livestock, grassland or crop use. The remaining forest is mainly secondary growth, composed primarily by Myrceugenia spp., Luma apiculata and Eucryphia cordifolia. The holotype specimen was collected on flowers of an isolated E. cordifolia tree at mid-day in semi-clouded weather. Notes: the new species has damage in the legs produced by bad manipulation of collector. Hind legs are complete, but mid legs are totally missing. In addition, fore legs present both femora, but tibiae and tarsi are absent.

Barahona-Segovia, Rodrigo M., Guzmán, Vicente Valdés, Barceló, Matías, Pañinao-Monsálvez, Laura (2020): A new spider fly (Diptera: Acroceridae: Ogcodinae: Ogcodes Latreille) from Chiloé Island's evergreen forest and new distributional records for other spider flies in Chile. Zootaxa 4779 (1): 51-64, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4779.1.3

Ogcodes Latreille is the largest genus of Acroceridae. They exhibit a cosmopolitan distribution and parasitize several spider families. Eleven Neotropical species are currently recognized in the genus, with five of them occurring in Chile, though distribution data is limited in this group of rarely collected flies. In this work, we describe a new species, Ogcodes kunkunche sp. nov. Barahona-Segovia from the evergreen forest of Chiloé Island, provide an identification key to the Chilean species of Ogcodes, and include novel distributional data for other species of spider flies (Acrocerinae and Ogcodinae). Based in our results, we suggest that O. kunkunche sp. nov. must be incorporated in the porteri group, due to wing vein reduction. Morphological aspects within Ogcodes, and their evolutionary implications are discussed.

Genus Acrocera Meigen, 1803: 266 Acrocera honorati Br��thes, 1925: 207, Figs. 11���12 Type locality: Tom��, Chile (holotype adult, sex not specified); deposited in MACN (Pape and Thompson 2010), but presumably lost (Gonz��lez et al. 2018). Distribution. Antofagasta: **Chiu Chiu, 2566m, 22��18���S, 68��38���W, 24.vii.1997, Leg. Arias et al. (MNHN- CL); Coquimbo: km 272 Panamericana Norte, Choapa (Gonz��lez et al. 2018); Metropolitana: **El Array��n, 10.i.2014, Leg. Rodrigo Barahona (RBSPC); Pe��alolen, 16.xi.2001, Leg. J. Mondaca (MNHNCL); El Canelo (Stuardo 1980); El Alfalfal, 23.xi.1967, Leg. NN (MNHNCL); San Bernardo, 16.xi.2001, Leg. J. Mondaca (MNHNCL); Calera de Tango, 19.xi.2001, Leg. J. Mondaca (MNHNCL); Maria Pinto, 14.xi.2001, Leg. J. Mondaca (MNHN- CL); Bollenar, 14.xi.2001, Leg. J. Mondaca (MNHNCL); Pe��aflor, 14.xi.2001, Leg. J. Mondaca (MNHNCL); El Monte, 14.xi.2001, Leg. J. Mondaca (MNHNCL); Padre Hurtado, 14.xi.2001, Leg. J. Mondaca (MNHNCL); El Carmen Alto, Melipilla, 14.xi.2001, Leg. J. Mondaca (MNHNCL); Colonias Alemanas, Talagante, 14.xi.2001, Leg. J. Mondaca (MNHNCL); Laguna Aculeo, 16.xi.2001, Leg. J. Mondaca (MNHNCL); Maule: Talca, 23.x.1994, Leg. T. Witterheim (MNHNCL); Biob��o: Tom��, Concepci��n (Br��thes 1925); Araucan��a: **Parcela Flor del Lago, 39��12.367���S, 72��67.8��� W, 1.xi.2003, Leg. Arias et al. (MNHNCL); Los R��os: **Pichoy, 19.i.1992, Leg. E. Krahmer (UACH); **Santo Domingo, 5.ii.1997, Leg. E. Krahmer (UACH) (Fig. 13). Remarks: we extend the known species distribution to 1,058 km northeast from Huentelauquen in the Coquimbo region to Chiu Chiu in the Antofagasta region, and 356 km south from Tom��, Biob��o region (type locality) to Santo Domingo, Valdivia in the Los R��os region. Spider host unknown., Published as part of Barahona-Segovia, Rodrigo M., Guzm��n, Vicente Vald��s, Barcel��, Mat��as & Pa��inao-Mons��lvez, Laura, 2020, A new spider fly (Diptera: Acroceridae: Ogcodinae: Ogcodes Latreille) from Chilo�� Island's evergreen forest and new distributional records for other spider flies in Chile, pp. 51-64 in Zootaxa 4779 (1) on pages 57-59, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4779.1.3, http://zenodo.org/record/3831696, {"references":["Brethes, J. (1925) Coleopteres et dipteres Chiliens. Revista Chilena de Historia Natural, 29, 198 - 208.","Gonzalez, C. R., Elgueta, M. & Ramirez, F. (2018) A catalog of Acroceridae (Diptera) from Chile. Zootaxa, 4374 (3), 427 - 440. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4374.3.6","Schlinger, E. I. (1953) A new Chilean species of Ogcodes Latreille (Diptera: Acroceridae). Wasmann Journal of Biology, 11, 319 - 321."]}

Se presenta el primer registro del género Ocnaea Erichson, 1840 (Díptera, Acroceridae) para la República Argentina y el primer registro de esta familia parasitando una araña del género Catumiri Guadanucci 2004 (Mygalomorphae, Theraphosidae). Se dan a conocer algunas observaciones del ciclo biológico de la mosca parasitando la tarántula Catumiri argentinense (Mello-Leitão, 1941). The first record of the genus Ocnaea Erichson, 1840 (Diptera, Acroceridae) is presented for the Argentine Republic and the first record of this family parasitizing a spider of the genus Catumiri Guadanucci 2004 (Mygalomorphae, Theraphosidae). Some observations of the biological cycle of the fly parasitizing the tarantula Catumiri argentinense (Mello-Leitão, 1941) are reported. Fil: Gabellone, Cecilia Sofía. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - La Plata. Centro de Estudios Parasitológicos y de Vectores. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo. Centro de Estudios Parasitológicos y de Vectores; Argentina Fil: Barneche, Jorge Adrian. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - La Plata. Centro de Estudios Parasitológicos y de Vectores. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo. Centro de Estudios Parasitológicos y de Vectores; Argentina Fil: Copperi, Maria Sofia. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Mendoza. Instituto Argentino de Investigaciones de las Zonas Áridas. Provincia de Mendoza. Instituto Argentino de Investigaciones de las Zonas Áridas. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Instituto Argentino de Investigaciones de las Zonas Áridas; Argentina Fil: Ferretti, Nelson Edgardo. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Bahía Blanca. Instituto de Ciencias Biológicas y Biomédicas del Sur. Universidad Nacional del Sur. Departamento de Biología, Bioquímica y Farmacia. Instituto de Ciencias Biológicas y Biomédicas del Sur; Argentina Fil: Gonzalez, Alda. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - La Plata. Centro de Estudios Parasitológicos y de Vectores. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo. Centro de Estudios Parasitológicos y de Vectores; Argentina

Dissertação (mestrado)—Universidade de Brasília, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Zoologia, 2020. Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES). Acroceridae é uma família relativamente pequena, com aproximadamente 530 espécies distribuídas em todas as regiões biogeográficas e conhecida por ser a única família de moscas exclusivamente endoparasitoides de aranhas. Mesmo apresentando grande diversidade dentro do grupo, algumas características permitem distinguir os Acroceridae das demais famílias de Diptera, tais como cabeças pequenas em relação ao tórax, antenas inseridas no ápice da cabeça e caliptras bastante desenvolvidas, frequentemente maiores que a cabeça. O gênero Ocnaea, por sua vez, pode ser reconhecido pela presença da veia R4, densa pilosidade na região dos olhos, antenas inseridas adjacentes ao cume ocelar e escapos não fusionados. Este trabalho tem como objetivos descrever uma nova espécie de Ocnaea e o estado de conservação e algumas das características taxonômicas do holótipo de Ocnaea lugubris. Os registros da distribuição geográfica do gênero foram ampliados do estado da Bahia (O. lugubris) para Goiás e Distrito Federal (Ocnaea sp.nov.). Uma nova espécie de Ocnaea foi descrita com base em um conjunto de atributos morfológicos externos e das terminálias dos machos e fêmeas. A maioria dos exemplares foi coletada em matas de galeria no mês de julho de 2018 e 2019 na Fazenda Água Limpa da Universidade de Brasília no Distrito Federal é caracterizada pela coloração preta e amarela “muito similar à abelhas”, mas com flagelo longo, olhos com densa pilosidade, exceto na porção central, manchas pretas no escudo e faixas amarelas de espessura variada no abdome. Até o presente, Ocnaea lugubris e Ocnaea sp.nov. são as duas únicas espécies conhecidas deste gênero para o Brasil e dado o grande intervalo de tempo entre os registros e uma extensa área não amostrada, é possível que outras novas espécies sejam descritas. Acroceridae is a relatively small family, with approximately 530 species distributed in all biogeographic regions and known for being the only exclusive family of spider endoparasitoid flies. Even presenting great diversity within the group, some characteristics make it possible to distinguish Acroceridae from other Diptera families, such as small heads in relation to the thorax, antennae inserted in the apex of the head and quite developed calyptres, often bigger than the head. The Ocnaea genus can be recognized by the presence of the R4 vein, dense hairiness in the eye region, antennae inserted adjacent to the ocellar ridge and non-fused scapes. This work aims to describe a new species of Ocnaea and the conservation status and some of the taxonomic characteristics of the holotype of Ocnaea lugubris. The records of the geographical distribution of the genus were expanded from the state of Bahia (O. lugubris) to Goiás and the Federal District (Ocnaea sp.nov.). A new species of Ocnaea has been described based on a set of external morphological attributes and the terminology of males and females. Most of the specimens were collected in gallery forests in the month of July 2018 and 2019 at the Água Limpa Farm of the University of Brasilia in the Federal District. It is characterized by black and yellow coloring “very similar to bees”, but with a long flagellum, eyes with dense hairiness, except in the central portion, black marks on the shield and yellow bands of varying thickness on the abdomen. To date, Ocnaea lugubris and Ocnaea sp.nov. they are the only two known species of this genus for Brazil and given the large time interval between records and an extensive non-sampled area, it is possible that other new species will be described.