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In this compilation, the authors first present a study in which computational design is performed, using empirical data, to fit physical models to extract transport and material parameters (which are then used in 1D continuum and 3D particle models of charge transport) to validate against empirical measurement and each other prior to use in extrapolation studies. Next, the book aims to discuss and illustrate the key trends behind the current international and European Union energy and climate policy. The authors provide insights into current dynamics, enabling a better understanding of future developments and indicating that unless a global effort to reduce greenhouse gas emissions is made, emissions will continue to rise. The authors also present a computer algorithm based on type-1 fuzzy logic control strategies to manage the flow of energy in stand-alone PV/Wind/Battery hybrid systems. The solar and wind energies were combined together to increase system's efficiency and batteries were used to ensure the availability of power on demand and improve the dynamic behavior of the system. Both traditional and state-of-the-art proteomics techniques used for quantification of corn stover hydrolyzing enzymes are presented in the following chapter. The quantitative expression of cellulolytic and hemicellulolytic enzymes secreted by different microbes during corn stover hydrolysis is discussed, and an attempt is made to link the substrate complexity and quantitative composition of lignocellulolytic enzymes produced by microbes. Later, an algorithm based on artificial neural network (ANN) and data envelopment analysis (DEA) is proposed for analyzing and assessing industrial sectors for energy potential. For illustrative purposes, energy use in the South African industrial sector between 1993 and 2025 was presented as a case study. The closing study reviews the merits of these Artificial Neural Network (ANN) and Data Envelopment Analysis to develop a new hybrid model to determine how much energy could be conserved in the residential sector. The model was applied to the United States residential sector from 1984 to 2010 and it was discovered that 7.5% of energy consumed could be conserved.

In this compilation, the authors develop a modeling approach and formulate global equations. The data is based on the thermos-economic theory that uses the thermodynamic process of cost formation and that considers the direct and indirect effects of all components of every system in each cited field. The relations between the incomes and impacts of the use of energy in all sectors with different systems are discussed, and characteristic equations representing each physical behavior of every plant in the system and its impact will be formulated. The Nigeria energy situation is reviewed in order to identify potential sites of SHPs and how small hydropower fits in as the solution to the country sustainable energy challenge. Issues of small hydropower resource availability, technology, environment and climate change have been also discussed. Following this, an overview of industrial systems of oxycombustion integrated in microalgal photobioreactors is provided. The authors discuss issues related to carbon capture technologies, the science and technology of the oxycombustion, the biological oxygen generation, the photobioreactors and the process integration, summarizing a range of useful strategies directed to the industrial sustainable development. The development process for harvesting marine energy for local small-scale usage is described; marine energy has received much attention globally and is being developed as a viable source of renewable energy. While high tidal and fast water current would yield large energy generation, not all locations possess these advantages. With different limitations for specific site locations, this study suggests that micro-scale marine turbine may be suitable for areas with low tidal velocity. Continuing, a review is provided which describes recent approaches adopted to engineer nanostructured electrocatalytic materials for efficient mass transport of reactants and products, high conductivity and activity for electrochemical CO2 reduction into value-added chemicals or intermediates. The current state of integration of Big Data, Data Mining and Artificial Intelligence techniques in advanced Energy Systems Optimization is also examined. A comprehensive review of relevant Artificial Intelligence techniques applicable to the optimization of DER is described, in addition to a review of relevant software needed to model advanced DERs.

In Chapter One, Zahra Sayyar, Navideh Anarjan, Hoda Jafarizadeh Malmiri, and Aydin Berenjian discuss nanoemulsions and their low-energy and high-energy production methods. They also examine modern techniques for the identification of nanoemulsions and review their stability. Next, Chapter Two by Bogdan-Constantin Neagu and Gheorghe Grigoraº proposes the use of artificial intelligence techniques like clustering and fuzzy modeling to determine slow voltage variations among other things. In Chapter Three, Navideh Anarjan, Hamideh Vaghari, Hoda Jafarizadeh-Malmiri, and Aydin Berenjian explore bioreactor models applied to bioprocesses and solid-state fermentation processes in order to produce pertinent biomolecules for industrial applications. Akihiro Otsuka, PhD explores the correlation between fluctuating electricity rates and demand in Chapter Four. In Chapter Five, Samuel Olusegun David and Gulum Mert present a study wherein biodiesel production via waste cooking oil is examined. Oludolapo A. Olanrewaju and Caroline C. Olanrewaju review studies on energy consumption prediction through the application of neural networks, as well as machine and equipment processes, in Chapter Six. Lastly, Takeo Oku and Tatsuo Oku explore the development of carbon/copper-based materials through the addition of titanium in Chapter Seven.

This latest volume includes contributions on the latest advances in energy research. Chapter One discusses heat transfer in micro-ducts. Chapter Two addresses the description and analysis of volume holographic elements for solar concentrating systems based on the detailed simulation of the energy amount and profile along with the spectral distribution delivered onto the solar receiver. Chapter Three reviews the impact of using thin alloyed capping layers (CLs) for InAs/GaAs quantum dot (QD) solar cells. Chapter Four examines the development of soap based thermal insulation for buildings as a sustainable alternative to the petroleum based counterparts, whilst decreasing the associated environmental costs. Chapter Five analyzes the simulation of spark plasma sintering for the preparation of inhomogeneous thermoelectric materials for energy generators. Chapter Six proposes a new maximum power point tracking algorithm for thermoelectric generators based on the suggested accurate electro-thermal model for them. Chapter Seven focuses on signal processing based mechanical fault prognosis and diagnosis of operating wind turbines in wind farms.

This latest volume includes contributions on the latest advances in energy research. Chapters include research on a Multi Agent System (MAS) design for fault location, isolation and service restoration (FLISR) in power distribution systems; coalbed methane (CBM) reservoirs in China, their properties and strategies in which to reduce formation damage; a comprehensive review of energy sources; energy efficiency and ways to alleviate environmental impacts of the building sector; small-scale energy converters; current conditions, limitations and opportunities of existing carbon dioxide emissions; progress on tidal current technology in the UK and elsewhere as well as key design issues and options; and finally, the occurrence and properties of Mongolian bituminous coal which is presented and discussed in relation to its characterizations, petrography, pyrolysis and minerals.

This book highlights recent advances in energy research. The chapters included in this volume include research on nuclear power reactors, specifically small modular reactors (SMRs) for electricity generation; stakeholder participation in local energy-planning and the possible ways of integrating stakeholder participation in current energy planning practices; a comprehensive review of energy sources, and the development of sustainable technologies to explore these energy sources; the modeling and analysis of a liquefied natural gas (LNG) fired CCHP system, compared to the conventional method of generating useful energy, which is assumed to be a centralized electricity-only power plant; electrospray deposition method for fabricating organic photovoltaic cells; the application of energy-saving, passive strategies in occupied school building spaces; an evaluation of energy consumption in buildings with complex topology equipped with a HVAC system; and an evaluation of solar thermal technologies and applications.

This book presents a comprehensive review of energy research studies from authors around the globe, including recent research in energy use and its environmental impact; energy use in industry, buildings development and the environment; recent developments and perspectives on biomass and biogas; energy efficiency for refrigeration and air conditioning; hydroelectric storage; halophytes energy feed stocks; and energy consumption and growth in Nigeria.

This book presents a comprehensive review of the renewable energy technologies environment and sustainable development; earth temperatures, heat pumps and systems design; the energy crisis and the role of renewables and global warming; energy and demand study of heating and cooling equipment; feedstocks for lignocellulosic biofuels; energy efficient technologies for refrigeration and air conditioning; and the principles of ground source energy.

This book presents a comprehensive review of energy research studies from authors across the globe, including recent research in solar ground radiation in greenhouses; the energy outlook in Malaysia; biodiesel production using heterogeneous catalysts; digital control system stimulation for nuclear reactor neutronic parameters; strategies to increase the viability of power generation using renewable energy sources; the current state of CPV in Spain as an alternative for producing solar electricity and evaluation of a new combined power generation system under CO2 emission constraints.

This book presents a comprehensive review of energy security in sustainability; hydroelectric power plants v. nature in the Czech Republic; the role of crop residues and second generation energy crops in biofuel production; electricity from renewable energy sources; technologies for CO2 capture in power plants; and electricity distribution networks.