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Paracineta livadiana (Mereschkowsky, 1881) (Fig. 2A, B) Material examined: One individual found as epibiont on nematode host belonging to the genus Desmodora, from 202 m depth of Arabian Sea, Indian Ocean Brief Description: Marine suctorian ciliate with a rounded body, almost covered with a stylotheca. The tentacles are arranged at apical body surface. Stylotheca with stem-like pseudostyle that does not widen until it transitions into the widened part of the stylotheca. The macronucleus is ellipsoidal, central. Measurements from present specimen (in µm, based on one individual): Stylotheca length 32; lorica width 20; body length 21; body width 13; pseudostyle length 7; pseudostyle diameter 3; macronucleus length 5; macronucleus width 4; length of the tentacles 4–8. Remarks: This is a marine or brackish-water species, that can settle on the surface of the body of invertebrates and other substrates. Mereschkowsky (1881) described this species as epibiont on hydroids Sertularia sp. from the Black Sea near Livadia (Yalta). The species was reported attached on hydroids Obelia commissuralis McCrady, 1859 and O. geniculata (Linnaeus, 1758) from Woods Hole, USA (Root 1922). This species was found from Mediterranean Sea (Port Said, Egypt) and at the Atlantic coast of the USA (Dovgal 2013). The species was registered in the Black Sea on algae Cladophora sp. near Sevastopol and on Cladophora sp. and crab Pachygrapsus marmoratus (Fabricius, 1787) from the coast of the Karadag Natural Reserve (Crimea) (Dovgal 2013). It was observed from harpacticoid copepods Amphiascella subdebilis (Willey, 1935), Haloschizopera pontarchis Por, 1959, Cletodes tenuipes Scott, 1896 and Enhydrosoma longifurcatum Sars, 1909 in the hypoxic zone of the Black Sea by Sergeeva & Dovgal (2014). This is the first report of this species from the Arabian Sea and the Indian Ocean., Published as part of Chatterjee, Tapas, Sautya, Sabyasachi, Dovgal, Igor & Gaikwad, Santosh, 2022, Report of suctorian ciliates (Ciliophora, Suctorea) as epibionts on meiobenthic nematodes in an oxygen minimum zone of the Arabian Sea, Indian Ocean, pp. 492-500 in Zootaxa 5138 (4) on page 494, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5138.4.9, http://zenodo.org/record/6571797, {"references":["Root, F. M. (1922) A new suctorian from Woods Hole. Transactions of the American Microscopical Society, 41 (2), 77 - 81. https: // doi. org / 10.2307 / 3221897","Dovgal, I. V. (2013) Ciliates - Ciliophora. Issue 1. Class Suctorea. In: Fauna of Ukraine vol. 36. Naukova dumka, Kiev, pp. 1 - 267. [in Russian with English summary]","Sergeeva, N. G. & Dovgal, I. (2014) First finding of epibiont peritrich and suctorian ciliates (Ciliophora) on oligochaetes and harpacticoid copepods from the deep-water hypoxic / anoxic conditions of the Black Sea. Ecologica Montenegrina, 1, 49 - 54. https: // doi. org / 10.37828 / em. 2014.1.7"]}

Three suctorian ciliate species, Paracineta livadiana (Mereschkowsky, 1881), Loricophrya bosporica Sergeeva & Dovgal, 2014 and Acinetopsis lynni Baldrighi et al., 2020 are found as epibionts on meiobenthic nematodes in an oxygen minimum zone of the Arabian Sea. All three species are recorded here for the first time from the Indian Ocean.

Trematosoma rotunda (Allgén, 1952) (Fig. 3 E–F; Fig. 4 A) (for synonym see Chatterjee et al. 2020e) Material examined: One individual found as epibiont on nematode host collected from stn MUC-13, at 0–2 cm sediment depth, 1495 m water depth (Fig. 3 E–F); four individuals found as epibiont on nematode host belongs to the genus Tricoma collected from stn MUC-17, at 0–2 cm sediment depth, 3918 m water depth (Fig. 4 A) from Arabian Sea, Indian Ocean. Diagnosis: Marine loricate suctorian. Cell body short, rounded, laterally flattened, entirely fills up the lorica and clamped to their aperture border. Lorica delicate gently striated. Tentacles clavate, short, arranged in two groups of rows at the upper body surface. Macronucleus spherical or oval, centrally or slightly posteriorly located. Stalk short, thin, slightly ribbed. Measurements from present find (based on three individuals, in μm): Lorica length 27–31, lorica width 13–16, stalk length 6–13, body length 17–23, body width 12–14, macronucleus diameter 5–6, length of the tentacles 3–4. Host and substrate specificity: Epibiont on nematodes Desmodora tenuispiculum Allgén, 1928, Desmodora stateni Allgén, 1928 (Allgén 1952); on nematode Pseudochromadora sp. (Dovgal 2009); on nematode Chromaspirina sp. (Bhattacharjee 2014); on nematode Dorylaimposis punctata (Ansari & Bhadury 2016); on nematode Desmodora scaldensis de Man 1889 (Ghosh & Mandal 2019); on Desmodora sp. (Baldrighi et al. 2020); on nematode— Tricoma sp. (Chatterjee et al. 2020d, present report); on harpacticoid copepod (Chatterjee et al. 2020e); on nematode (present report). Distribution: Falkland Islands Allgén (1952); Argentina (Allgén 1952); Antarctica (Allgén 1952); Ratnagiri, Maharastra, west coast of India, Arabian Sea (Dovgal et al. 2009); Odisha, India, Bay of Bengal (Bhattacharjee 2014); Sagar Island, Sundarbans, India, Bay of Bengal (Ghosh & Mandal 2019); Karwar, Karnataka, India, Arabian Sea (Chatterjee 2020d); Goa, west coast of India, Arabian Sea (Chatterjee et al. 2000e); Madagascar, Indian Ocean (528–775 m depth) (Baldrighi et al. 2020); Gulf of Naples (Baldrighi et al. 2020); Arabian Sea, 1495 m and 3918 m depth (present report). Remarks: Earlier report of Baldrighi et al. (2020) of this species was from 528–775 m depth of Madagascar region, Indian Ocean. Present record of this species extends its bathymetric distribution up to 3918 m depth in Indian Ocean., Published as part of Chatterjee, Tapas, Sautya, Sabyasachi, Dovgal, Igor, Gaikwad, Santosh, Khokher, Sanofar H. & Choudhury, Amita, 2022, Report of deep-sea epibiont ciliates (Ciliophora) from more than 1000 m depth of the Arabian Sea, Indian Ocean, pp. 423-434 in Zootaxa 5120 (3) on pages 429-430, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5120.3.8, http://zenodo.org/record/6389568, {"references":["Allgen, C. A. (1952) Uber zwei neue antarktische Suctorien aus dem Gracham Land. Kungliga Fysiografiska Sallskapets i Lund Forhandlingar, 121, 173 - 176.","Chatterjee, T., Dovgal, I. & Nanajkar, M. (2020 e) Report of Trematosoma rotunda (Ciliophora, Suctorea) as epibiont on harpacticoid copepod from western Indian coast. Acta Biologica, 27, 109 - 116. https: // doi. org / 10.18276 / ab. 2020.27 - 10","Dovgal, I., Chatterjee, T. & Ingole, B. (2009) New records of Thecacineta cothurnioides and Trematosoma rotunda (Ciliophora, Suctorea) as epibionts on nematodes from Indian Ocean. Protistology, 6 (1), 19 - 23.","Bhattacharjee, D. (2014) Suctorian epibionts on Chromaspirina sp. (Nematoda: Desmodoridae) from the shallow continental shelf of the Bay of Bengal, northern Indian Ocean. Marine Biodiversity Records. 7 (e 49), 1 - 3. https: // doi. org / 10.1017 / S 1755267214000451","Ansari, K. G. M. T. & Bhadury, P. (2016) Occurrence of epibionts associated with meiofaunal basibionts from the world's largest mangrove ecosystem, the Sundarbans. Marine Biodiversity, 47, 539 - 548. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / s 12526 - 016 - 0502 - 5","Ghosh, M. & Mandal, S. (2019). Living with nematode: an epibiont Trematosoma rotunda associated with basibiont Desmodora scaldensis from Matla Estuary, Sundarbans, India. Thalassas, An International Journal of Marine Sciences. 35, 619 - 624. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / s 41208 - 019 - 00129 - 3","Baldrighi, E., Dovgal, I., Zeppilli, D., Abibulaeva, A., Michelet, C., Michaud, E., Franzo, A., Grassi, E., Cesaroni, L., Guidi, L., Balsamo, M., Sandulli, R. & Semprucci, F. (2020) The cost for biodiversity: records of ciliate - nematode epibiosis with the description of three new suctorian species. Diversity, 12 (6). Article no. 224, 25 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.3390 / d 12060224","Chatterjee, T., Dovgal, I. & Nanajkar, M. (2020 d) Report of ciliate epibionts (Ciliophora, Suctorea) on meiobenthic invertebrates from the Indian coast near Karwar, Karnataka. Protistology, 14 (2), 84 - 88. https: // doi. org / 10.21685 / 1680 - 0826 - 2020 - 14 - 2 - 5"]}

Acineta annulata Wang &Nie Da Shu, 1932 Record as epibiont on cnidarians: This species was found as epibiont on hydrozoans from coast of Xiamen (Amoy) Island, China (Kahl 1934). Record as epibiont on other hosts: The species was also found on algae from the above mentioned locality (Kahl 1934)., Published as part of Chatterjee, Tapas, Dovgal, Igor & Fernandez-Leborans, Gregorio, 2021, A checklist of ciliates (Ciliophora) inhabiting on cnidarians, pp. 151-178 in Zootaxa 5039 (2) on page 162, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5039.2.1, http://zenodo.org/record/5508963, {"references":["Kahl, A. (1934) Suctoria. In: Grimpe, G. & Wagler, E. (Eds.), Die Tierwelt der Nord- und Ostsee, 26, 184 - 226."]}

A compilation of the ciliate epibiont species (Ciliophora) found on marine and fresh water cnidarians has been carried out based on published records. The checklist includes the taxonomic position of each species of epibiontic ciliate, the species of basibiont cnidarians, the geographic zones and the bibliographic references where they were recorded. Cnidarians, especially colonial sessile forms, represent suitable substrates for numerous sessile and vagile ciliates. Altogether 79 ciliate species belong to five classes viz. Spirotrichea, Heterotrichea, Phyllopharingea, Suctorea and Oligohymenophorea were listed. The most diverce as epibions on cnidarians are representatives of Suctorea with 41 species and Peritrichia (under the class Oligohymenophorea) with 25 species. Three species belong to class Spirotrichea, four Heterotrichea and one Phyllopharingea. Among the other representatives (except Peritrichia) of class Oligohymenophorea, four species belong to subclass Scutucociliatia, one species each in subclass Hymenostomatia and Apostomatia. One suctorian species Ophryodendron abietinum and two species of peritrichs, Cothurnia cordylophora and Rhabdostyla sertularium one Heterotrichea Halofolliculina corallasia and one Scutucociliatia Philaster guamensis are likely specific to cnidarian hosts only.

Paracineta saifulae (Mereschkowsky, 1877) Report as epibiont on bryozoans: This species was reported as epibiont on bryozoan Triticella sp attached to crab from Mandovi-Zuari River mouth, Goa, West coast of India, Arabian Sea (Chatterjee et al. 2020c). Report as epibiont on other hosts/substrata: The species was described by Mereschkowsky (1877) from Bay of Onega and the shore of Terski in White Sea near the Rem (Russia) on the hydroid Leptoscyphus grigoriewi Mereschkowsky, 1877 and on gravel and shells, under the name Acineta saifulae. The same species was independently described by Fraipont (1878) on the hydroid Campanularia volubilis (Linnaeus, 1758) from Belgian coast of the Northern Sea near Ostend as Acineta crenata. The species was mentioned by Collin (1912) in the name combination Paracineta crenata, as found on hydroid Leuckartiara octona (Fleming, 1823) and polychaete Aphrodite aculeata Linnaeus, 1761 from French coast of the Mediterranean Sea near Sète. The species was also found in the Black Sea near Bulgarian coast and at Russian coast near Gelendzhik at the artificial substrates (glass slides) (Dovgal 2013)., Published as part of Chatterjee, Tapas & Dovgal, Igor, 2020, A checklist of ciliate epibionts (Ciliophora) found on bryozoans, pp. 547-559 in Zootaxa 4896 (4) on page 550, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4896.4.6, http://zenodo.org/record/4387921, {"references":["Mereschkowsky, C. (1877) Studies on the Protozoa of Northern Russia. Travaux de la Societe des Naturalistses a St. Petersburg, 8 (3), 203 - 385. [in Russian]","Fraipont, J. (1878) Recherches sur les Acinetiens de la cote d'Ostende. P. 3. Bulletins de l'Academie royale des sciences, des letters et des beaux-arts de Belgique, 45, 287 - 297.","Collin, B. (1912) Etudes monographiques sur les Acinetiens. 2. Morphologie, Physiologie, Systematique. Archives de zoologie experimentale et generale, 51, 1 - 457.","Dovgal, I. V. (2013) Fauna of Ukraine: in 40 Vols. Vol. 36. Ciliates-Ciliophora. Issue 1. Class Suctorea. Naukova Dumka, Kiev, 267 pp. [in Russian with English summary]"]}

Paracineta jorisi (Sand, 1895) Report as epibiont on bryozoans: The species was observed as epibiont on bryozoans Bowerbankia sp. (named Vesicularia sp.) in the North Sea and the Atlantic Ocean (Kahl 1934). Report as epibiont on other hosts: The species was also found in the same localities of the North Sea and the Atlantic Ocean on Sertularia sp. (Kahl 1934)., Published as part of Chatterjee, Tapas & Dovgal, Igor, 2020, A checklist of ciliate epibionts (Ciliophora) found on bryozoans, pp. 547-559 in Zootaxa 4896 (4) on pages 549-550, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4896.4.6, http://zenodo.org/record/4387921, {"references":["Kahl, A. (1934) Suctoria. In: Grimpe, G. & Wagler, E. (Eds.), Die Tierwelt der Nord- und Ostsee, 26, uun 184 - 226."]}

Trematosoma complatana (Gruber, 1884) Report as epibiont on bryozoans: The species was observed on bryozoans from the Mediterranean Sea near Sette, France (Collin 1912). Record as epibiont on other hosts/substrata: The species under name Acineta complatana was described on hydroid Halecium beanie (Johnston, 1838), collected near Genova, Italy (Gruber 1884). Later the species was observed at artificial substrates (glass slides) exposited in the Black Sea near Gelentzyk (Dovgal 2013). The species was also found on glass slides exposited near Quingdao, China (Chen et al. 2005). Remarks: The species was transferred into genus Tramatosoma by Dovgal (2002)., Published as part of Chatterjee, Tapas & Dovgal, Igor, 2020, A checklist of ciliate epibionts (Ciliophora) found on bryozoans, pp. 547-559 in Zootaxa 4896 (4) on page 552, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4896.4.6, http://zenodo.org/record/4387921, {"references":["Gruber, A. (1884) Die Protozoa des Hafens von Genue. Nova Acta der Kls. Leop. - Carol. Deutschen Academie der Naturforscher, 46 (1), 473 - 539.","Collin, B. (1912) Etudes monographiques sur les Acinetiens. 2. Morphologie, Physiologie, Systematique. Archives de zoologie experimentale et generale, 51, 1 - 457.","Dovgal, I. V. (2013) Fauna of Ukraine: in 40 Vols. Vol. 36. Ciliates-Ciliophora. Issue 1. Class Suctorea. Naukova Dumka, Kiev, 267 pp. [in Russian with English summary]","Chen, X. R., Song, W. B. & Hu, X. Z. (2005) Morphology of suctorid ciliates from coastal waters off Quingdao, with description of a new genus and a new species (Protozoa, Ciliophora). Acta Zootaxonomica Sinica, 30 (3), 493 - 500.","Dovgal, I. V. (2002) Evolution, phylogeny and classification of Suctorea (Ciliophora). Protistology, 2 (4), 194 - 270."]}

A compilation of the ciliate (Ciliophora) species found on marine and fresh water bryozoans as epibionts has been carried out based on published records. The checklist includes the taxonomic position of each species of epibiontic ciliate, the species of basibiont bryozoans, localities and the bibliographic references. Altogether 40 ciliate species from classes Spirotrichea (two species); Suctorea (sixteen species); Oligohymenophorea, subclass Peritrichia (sixteen species) and Heterotrichea, family Folliculinidae (six species) were listed. Among registered species, six were reported on bryozoans only. Only one species of peritrich ciliate Ellobiophrya conviva adapted to inhabit on tentacles of bryozoans with special adhesive organelle (cinctum or adhesive ring) indicate a possible specific to bryozoan host.

Paracineta patula (Claparède & Lachmann, 1861) Report as epibiont on bryozoans: The species was reported on bryozoans found at Pacific coast of Canada, British Columbia, Strait of Georgia (Kahl 1934; Wailes 1943; Mccauley & Hancock 1971). Report as epibiont on other hosts: Widely distributed epibiotic and periphytic species found on hydrozoans, algae etc. in the White Sea (Mereschkowsky 1877), North Sea, Mediterranean Sea and near the Atlantic and Pacific coasts of Northern America (Collin 1912; Kahl 1934; Wailes 1943; Mccauley & Hancock 1971; Dovgal 2013)., Published as part of Chatterjee, Tapas & Dovgal, Igor, 2020, A checklist of ciliate epibionts (Ciliophora) found on bryozoans, pp. 547-559 in Zootaxa 4896 (4) on page 550, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4896.4.6, http://zenodo.org/record/4387921, {"references":["Kahl, A. (1934) Suctoria. In: Grimpe, G. & Wagler, E. (Eds.), Die Tierwelt der Nord- und Ostsee, 26, uun 184 - 226.","Wailes, G. H. (1943) Canadian Pacific fauna. 1. Protozoa. 1 f. Ciliata. 1 g. Suctoria. University of Toronto Press, Toronro, 46 pp.","Mccauley, J. E. & Hancock, D. R. (1971) Appendix 8. Annotated checklist of plants and animals. In: Oceanography of the Nearshore Coastal Waters of the Pacific Northwest. Vol. 2. Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, pp. 165 - 744.","Mereschkowsky, C. (1877) Studies on the Protozoa of Northern Russia. Travaux de la Societe des Naturalistses a St. Petersburg, 8 (3), 203 - 385. [in Russian]","Collin, B. (1912) Etudes monographiques sur les Acinetiens. 2. Morphologie, Physiologie, Systematique. Archives de zoologie experimentale et generale, 51, 1 - 457.","Dovgal, I. V. (2013) Fauna of Ukraine: in 40 Vols. Vol. 36. Ciliates-Ciliophora. Issue 1. Class Suctorea. Naukova Dumka, Kiev, 267 pp. [in Russian with English summary]"]}

Chatterjee, Tapas, Dovgal, Igor, Vieira, Leandro M., Dutta, Arpita, Nanajkar, Mandar (2020): Report of ciliate-bryozoan-crustacean hyperepibiosis on crab (Decapoda Brachyura) from west coast of India, Arabian Sea. Zootaxa 4890 (3): 347-360, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4890.3.3

Chatterjee, Tapas, Dovgal, Igor, Mayén-Estrada, Rosaura, Fernandez-Leborans, Gregorio (2020): A checklist of ciliates (Ciliophora) inhabiting on ostracods (Crustacea, Ostracoda). Zootaxa 4763 (1): 17-30, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4763.1.2

Acineta foetida Maupas, 1881 = Acineta tuberosa var. foetida Collin, 1912 = Acineta tuberosa Ehrenberg, 1834: Curds, 1985 (part.) = Acineta branchicola Precht, 1935 Record as epibiont on ostracods: The species recently was found on C. dentata in the offshore of the Arabian Sea (Chatterjee et al. 2019b). Record as epibiont on other hosts: This is an ubiquitous marine and brackish-water species, observed on inanimate substrates, algae, but often found on crustaceans (Dovgal 2013). The species was observed on representative crustacean orders, eg. Dovgal (2013), on Amphipoda— Gammarus olivii Milne-Edwards, 1830, G. subtipicus Stock, 1966, Pontogammarus maeoticus (Sowinsky, 1894) and Orchestia bottae Milne-Edwards, 1840; Isopoda— Sphaeroma serratum (Fabricius, 1787), S. pulchellum (Colosi, 1921) and Idotea baltica basteri (Pallas, 1772); Decapoda— Palaemon elegans Rathke, 1837, Crangon crangon (Linnaeus, 1758), Diogenes pugilator (Roux, 1829), Astacus leptodactylus Eschscholtz, 1823 and Eriphia verrucosa (Forskal, 1775). Remarks: This species has been reported from variety of host and substrates., Published as part of Chatterjee, Tapas, Dovgal, Igor, Mayén-Estrada, Rosaura & Fernandez-Leborans, Gregorio, 2020, A checklist of ciliates (Ciliophora) inhabiting on ostracods (Crustacea, Ostracoda), pp. 17-30 in Zootaxa 4763 (1) on pages 19-20, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4763.1.2, http://zenodo.org/record/3744023, {"references":["Precht, H. (1935) Epizoen der Kieler Bucht. Nova Acta Leopoldina, 3, 405 - 474.","Chatterjee, T., Dovgal, I., Nanajkar, M. & Fernandes, V. (2019 b) Report of epibiont ciliates (Cilliophora: Suctorea) on pelagic ostracods (Crustacea: Ostracoda) from the Arabian Sea. Zootaxa, 4695 (4), 378 - 384. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4695.4.5","Dovgal, I. V. (2013) Fauna of Ukraine: in 40 Vols. Vol. 36. Ciliates-Ciliophora. Issue 1. Class Suctorea. Naukova Dumka, Kiev, 267 pp. [in Russian with English summary]"]}

Dovgal, Tapas Chatterjee ı Igor, Fernandez-Leborans, Gregorio (2019): A checklist of suctorian epibiont ciliates (Ciliophora) found on meiobenthic marine nematodes. Journal of Natural History 53 (33): 2133-2143, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2019.1692085

Thecacineta calix (Schröderı 1907) = Acineta calix Schröderı 1907 = Acineta crenata Moebiusı 1888 = Paracineta crenata (Moebiusı 1888) = Paracineta moebiusi Kahlı 1934 = Thecacineta desmodorae Schulzı 1931 = Thecacineta donsi Allgénı 1935 = Thecacineta subantarctica Allgénı 1949 = Thecacineta paradesmodorae Allgénı 1949 = Thecaineta oblonga Allgénı 1955 = Thecacineta laophontis Jankowskiı 1981 Report as epibiont on nematodes The species was described of Schröder (1907) from an unidentified nematode collected near Kerguelen Islandsı Antarctica. Thenı Schulz (1931) reported T. calix as epibiont on the nematode Desmodora sp. from Island of Heard (Kerguelen Islands)ı Antarctica under the name Thecacineta desmodorae Schulzı 1931. Steiner (1931) (cf. Matthes 1956) reported T calix (that was misidentified as a tintinnid ciliate) as epibiont on the nematode Mastodex kerguelensis Steinerı 1921 (= Desmodora stateni Allgénı 1953) (presently Mastodex kerguelensis kept as taxon inquirendum) from the type locality. Allgén (1935) reported this species (as Thecacineta donsi Allgénı 1935) as an epibiont on the nematode Desmodora sp. from Tarvaı Norway. Allgén (1949) reported the epibiont Thecacineta calix on Desmodora campbelli (Allgénı 1932) (at present taxon inquirendum) from Tierra Del Fuego (= Feuerland) and Falkland Islands as Thecacineta subantarctica. T. calix was reported as Thecacineta paradesmodorae Allgénı 1949 from the nematode Croconema stateni Allgénı 1928 (= Desmodora stateni) in the Falkland Islands. Allgén (1955) reported the epibiont T. calix on Croconema stateni (= Desmodora stateni) from Tierra Del Fuego (= Feuerland) as Thecacineta oblonga Allgénı 1955. Susetiono (2006) reported this species as epibiont on Paradesmodora sp. in sediments of Siladeu and Nias islands (Indonesia) Ingole et al. (2010) reported Thecacineta calix as epibiont on the nematodes Croconema sphaerica (Kreisı 1928) (= Desmodora sphaerica Kreisı 1928) and Desmodora pontica (Filipjevı 1922) (at presentı invalid species)ı associated with a deep-sea hexactinellid sponge Pheronema sp.ı from the upper slope of the Northern Seamount located off Nicobar Island (Andaman & Nicobar Islands)ı the Indian Ocean at a water depth of 1301 m. Panigrahi et al. (2015) reported T. calix from the intertidal region of Tamil Nadu coastı India (Southwest Bay of Bengal) as epibiont on nematodes Desmodorella schulzi (Gerlachı 1950) (= Desmodora schulzi Gerlachı 1950) and Desmodora communis (Butschliı 1874). Ansari et al. (2017) reported this species on the nematodes Croconema cinctum Cobbı 1920 and Desmodorella tenuispiculum Allgénı 1928 from Suvadiva atoll in the Maldives at 61–62 m depth. Chatterjee et al. (2019b) reported T. calix on a nematode from Angria Bankı Arabian Sea. Other Hosts T. calix has been reported as an epibiont on several species of halacaridsı copepodsı etc.ı from the Atlanticı Pacificı Antarctic and Indian Oceans (Moebius 1888; Wailes 1943; Matthes 1956; Martínez-Murillo 1997; Fernandez-Leborans and Tato-Porto 2000b; Jankowski 2007; Dovgal et al. 2008a; Chatterjee et al. 2012 ı 2014 aı 2014 bı 2019bı 2020). This species is known from intertidal to deep-sea areas. Remarks Details of basibionts and localities are given in Chatterjee et al. (2019b)., Published as part of Dovgal, Tapas Chatterjee ı Igor & Fernandez-Leborans, Gregorio, 2019, A checklist of suctorian epibiont ciliates (Ciliophora) found on meiobenthic marine nematodes, pp. 2133-2143 in Journal of Natural History 53 (33) on pages 2133-2143, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2019.1692085, http://zenodo.org/record/3654827, {"references":["Schroder O. 1907. Die Infusorien der Deutschen Sudpolar-Expedition 1901 - 1903. In: von Drygalski Ei editor. Deutschen Sudpolar-Expedition 1901 - 1903. Bd. 9. Berlin: G. Reimer. p. 349 - 360.","Schulz E. 1931. Beitrage zur Kenntnis marinen suctorien I. Zool Anz. 96: 95 - 99.","Steiner G. 1931. Die Nematoden der Deutschen Sudpolar-Expedition 1901 - 1903. In: von Drygalski Ei editor. Deutschen Sudpolar-Expedition 1901 - 1903. Bd. 20. Berlin: G. Reimer. p. 167 - 216.","Matthes D. 1956. Suktorienstudien VIII. Thecacineta calix (Schroderi 1907) (Thecacinetidae nov. fam.) und ihre Fortpflanzung durch Vermoid-Schwarmer. Arch Protistenk. 101: 477 - 528.","Allgen CA. 1935. Ueber eine neuei epizoischaufeiner Desmodora (Nematodes) leben de Art der Gattung Thecacineta Collini Th. donsi n. sp. Ausder Strandregionbei Tarva (Norwegen). Det Konglige Norske Videnskabers Selskab Forhandlinger. 8 (16): 51 - 53.","Allgen CA. 1949. Uber zwei neue subantarktische Suctorien. Ark Zool. 42 B (2): 1 - 6.","Allgen CA. 1955. Die Suctorien der schwedischen Sudpolar-Expedition (1901 - 1903). Zool Anz. 154: 36 - 48.","Susetiono P. 2006. Epibiosis Thecacineta calix (protozoai ciliophora) pada meio fauna Paradesmodora sp. (Nematodai Desmodoridae) dariperairan Indonesia. Oseana. 31: 41 - 49.","Ingole Bi Singh Ri Sautya Si Dovgal Ii Chatterjee T. 2010. Report of epibiont Thecacineta calix (Ciliophora: Suctorea) on deep-sea Desmodora (Nematoda) from the Andaman Seai Indian Ocean. Mar Biodivers Rec. 3: e 46 i 1. doi: 10.1017 / S 1755267209990777.","Panigrahi Si Bindu VKi Bramha SNi Samantara MKi Mohanty AKi Satpathy KKi Dovgal I. 2015. Report of Thecacineta calix (Ciliophora: Suctoria) on nematode Desmodora from the intertidal sediments of Southwest Bay of Bengal. Indian J Geo-Mar Sci. 43 (12): 1840 - 1843.","Ansari KGMTi Guidi Li Dovgal Ii Balsamo Mi Semprucci F. 2017. Some epibiont suctorian ciliates from meiofaunal organisms of Maldivian archipelago with description of a new ciliate species. Zootaxa. 4258 (4): 375 - 387. doi: 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4258.4.","Chatterjee Ti Nanajkar Mi Dovgal Ii Sergeeva Ni Bhabe S. 2019 b. New records of epibiont Thecacineta calix (Ciliophorai Suctorea) from the Caspian Sea and Angria Banki Arabian Sea. Cah Biol Mar. 60 (5): 445 - 451.","Moebius K. 1888. Bruchstuckeeiner Infusorien fauna der Kieler Bucht. Arch Naturgesch. 54: 81 - 116.","Wailes GH. 1943. Protozoa et Suctoria. Can Pac Fauna. 1: 1 - 46.","Martinez-Murillo ME. 1997. Ciliados asociados a la vegetacion sumergida y a la sraices de mangle en la Laguna de Tamiahuai Veracruzi Mexico [Ph. D. Thesis]. Mexico: Facultad de Cienciasi Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico. 264 p.","Fernandez-Leborans Gi Tato-Porto ML. 2000 b. A review of the species of protozoan epibionts on crustaceans. II. Suctorian ciliates. Crustaceana. 73: 1205 - 1237. doi: 10.1163 / 156854000505209.","Jankowski AV. 2007. Review of taxa Phylum Ciliophora Dofleini 1901. In: Alimov AFi editor. Protista: handbook on zoology. Pt. 2. St. Petersburg: Nauka; p. 415 - 993.","Dovgal Ii Chatterjee Ti Ingole B. 2008 a. An overview of suctorian ciliates (Ciliophora: Suctorea) as epibionts of halacarid mites (Acarii Halacaridae). Zootaxa. 1810: 60 - 68. doi: 10.11646 / zootaxa. 1810.1.4.","Armenteros Mi Ruiz-Abierno Ai Decraemer W. 2014. Revision of Desmodorinae and Spiriniinae (Nematoda: Desmodoridae) with redescription of eight known species. Eur J Taxon. 96: 1 - 32."]}

Trematosoma rotunda (Allgénı 1952) = Acineta rotunda Allgénı 1952 = Nematacineta rotunda (Allgénı 1952) = Conchacineta rotunda (Allgénı 1952) = Acineta ovoidea Allgénı 1952 Report as epibionts on nematodes The species was described by Allgén (1952 ı 1955) from the nematodes Desmodorella tenuispiculum (Allgénı 1928) (= Desmodora tenuispiculum Allgénı 1928) and Croconema stateni Allgénı 1928 (= Desmodora stateni Allgénı 1928) from the Antarctic (Graham Land) and the Falkland Islands. Dovgal et al. (2009a) reported this species on the nematode Pseudochromadora sp. from Ratnagiriı Maharastra Stateı central west coast of India (Arabian Sea). Based on the figure given by Fisher (2003) ı found at nematode Pseudochromadora cazca Gerlachı 1956 ı from the intertidal zone of North-Eastern Queenslandı Australia Dovgal et al. (2009a) identified these ciliates ‘probably as Trematosoma rotunda (Allgénı 1952) ’. Bhattacharjee (2014) reported the same species on the nematode host Chromaspirina sp from Rushikulya (Odisha State of India)ı north-western Bay of Bengal in the Indian Ocean. Ansari and Bhadury (2016) reported this species on the nematode Dorylaimopsis punctata Ditlevsenı 1918 from Sagar Islandı Sundarban mangrove ecosystemı Indiaı Bay of Bengal. Ghosh and Mandal (2019) reported this species as epibiont on Desmodora scaldensis de Man 1889 from the subtidal zone of Matla estuaryı Sundarbanı India. Remarks The species Acineta rotunda was transferred to the genus Trematosoma by Dovgal (2002)., Published as part of Dovgal, Tapas Chatterjee ı Igor & Fernandez-Leborans, Gregorio, 2019, A checklist of suctorian epibiont ciliates (Ciliophora) found on meiobenthic marine nematodes, pp. 2133-2143 in Journal of Natural History 53 (33) on pages 2133-2143, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2019.1692085, http://zenodo.org/record/3654827, {"references":["Allgen CA. 1952. Uber zwei neue antarktische Suctorien aus dem Gracham Land. Kgl Fysiograf Sallskap Lund Forh. 21: 173 - 176.","Allgen CA. 1955. Die Suctorien der schwedischen Sudpolar-Expedition (1901 - 1903). Zool Anz. 154: 36 - 48.","Dovgal Ii Chatterjee Ti Ingole B. 2009 a. New records of Thecacineta cothurnioides and Trematosoma rotunda (Ciliophorai Suctorea) as epibionts on nematodes from the Indian Ocean. Protistology. 6: 19 - 23.","Fisher R. 2003. Ciliate hitchhikers- nematode ecto-commensals from tropical Australian sea grass meadows. J Mar Biol Assoc UK. 83: 445 - 446. doi: 10.1017 / S 0025315403007306 h.","Bhattacharjee D. 2014. Suctorian epibionts on Chromaspirina sp. (Nematoda: Desmodoridae) from the shallow continental shelf of the Bay of Bengali northern Indian Ocean. Mar Biodivers Rec. 7: e 49 i 1 - 3. doi: 10.1017 / S 1755267214000451.","Ansari KGMTi Bhadury P. 2016. Occurrence of epibionts associated with meiofaunal basibionts from the world' s largest mangrove ecosystemi the Sundarbans. Mar Biodivers. Published online. doi: 10.1007 / s 12526 - 016 - 0502 - 5.","Ghosh Mi Mandal S. 2019. Living with nematode: an epibiont Trematosoma rotunda associated with basibiont Desmodora scaldensis from Matla Estuaryi Sundarbansi India. Thalassas. 35: 619 - 624. doi: 10.1007 / s 41208 - 019 - 00129 - 3.","Dovgal IV. 2002. Evolutioni phylogeny and classification of Suctorea Claparede et Lachmanni 1858. Protistology. 2: 194 - 270."]}

Loricophrya scanica (Allgénı 1934) = Paracineta scanica Allgénı 1934 = Lissacineta scanica (Allgénı 1934) Report as epibiont on nematodes This species was recorded on Spirinia parasitifera (Bastianı 1865) from Southern Kattegatt (Denmark) (Allgén 1934). Remarks Chatterjee et al. (2019a) placed Paracineta scanica Allgénı 1934 into the genus Loricophrya., Published as part of Dovgal, Tapas Chatterjee ı Igor & Fernandez-Leborans, Gregorio, 2019, A checklist of suctorian epibiont ciliates (Ciliophora) found on meiobenthic marine nematodes, pp. 2133-2143 in Journal of Natural History 53 (33) on pages 2133-2143, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2019.1692085, http://zenodo.org/record/3654827, {"references":["Allgen CA. 1934. Die Suctorien der Spirina parasitifera (Bastian). Z Parasitenkd. 7 (1): 118 - 120.","Chatterjee Ti Nanajkar Mi Dovgal I. 2019 a. New record of Loricophrya stresemanni (Ciliophorai Suctorea) as epibiont on nematodes from the Indian Ocean and notes on the genus Loricophrya. Cah Biol Mar. 60 (3): 283 - 288."]}

The article deals with the report of 5 suctorians viz. Lecanophryella satyanandani (Santhakumari, 1986), Paracineta karunakarani Santhakumari, 1986, Ephelota gemmipara (Hertwig, 1876), Acineta foetida Maupas, 1881 and Pelagacineta sp. on marine pelagic ostracods Cypridina dentata (Müller, 1906) from new localities of the Arabian Sea. Diagnostic characters of Paracineta karunakarani are emended. Ephelota gemmipara (Hertwig, 1876) and Acineta foetida Maupas, 1881 are reported here for the first time on planktonic marine ostracods. Pelagacineta sp. is reported for the first time as epibiont on ostracods and from the Indian Ocean.

Paracineta karunakarani Santhakumari, 1986 (Fig. 2A, B) Material examined: Several specimens on pelagic ostracods Cypridina dentata (Müller, 1906) from stations 14 and 16. Brief Description: Suctorian ciliate with conical thecostyle, which cover only one third of the cell body and accrete to the substrate by rounded attaching disc. The body is more or less square to rectangular in shape. Clavate tentacles are evenly distributed at the apical body surface. The macronucleus is allantoidal, some irregular, but might look rounded depending upon the viewpoint on the individual. Reproduction by external (exogemmic) budding with formation of single, ellipsoid protomite on the apical body surface (Fig. 2B). Measurements from present find (in μm): (measurements taken from 2 ciliate individuals) body height 57– 78; body width 41–40; thecostyle length 37–123; width of the upper thecostyle part 17–31; width of the basal thecostyle part 11–16; width of the attaching disc 7–11; length of the tentacles 6–21; size of macronucleus 32–71×6–11; size of protomite 31×41. Host and substrate specificity: Cypridina dentata (Müller, 1906) —a pelagic ostracod (Santhakumari 1986 b, Padmakumar et al. 2015, present find). Distribution: West coast of India, the Arabian Sea. Remarks: This species was first reported by Santhakumari (1986b) from southwest coast of India on an ostracod Cypridina dentata (Müller, 1906). It was also reported from North Eastern Arabian Sea, 21°59’84” N; 65°59’52”E, on same ostracod (Padmakumar et al. 2015). The epibiosis of the species on other pelagic ostracod, Euconchoecia aculeata (Scott, 1894) was not observed in investigations of Santhakumari (1986a) and Padmakumar et al. (2015)., Published as part of Chatterjee, Tapas, Dovgal, Igor, Nanajkar, Mandar & Fernandes, Veronica, 2019, Report of epibiont ciliates (Cilliophora: Suctorea) on pelagic ostracods (Crustacea: Ostracoda) from the Arabian Sea, pp. 378-384 in Zootaxa 4695 (4) on pages 379-380, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4695.4.5, http://zenodo.org/record/3534816, {"references":["Santhakumari, V. (1986 b) Two new species of suctorians, Acineta satyanandani sp. nov. and Paracineta karunakarani sp. nov. epizoic on ostracods. Indian Journal of Fisheries, 33 (4), 471 - 475.","Padmakumar, K. B., Lathika, C. T., Anilkumar, V. & Sanjeevan, V. N. (2015) Occurrence of epibiontic suctorian protozoans on marine ostracod Cypridina dentata (Muller, 1906) in the North Eastern Arabian Sea. Indian Journal of Geo-Marine Sciences, 44 (6), 874 - 878.","Santhakumari, V. (1986 a) Epizoic and ectoparasitic protozoans from crab larvae. Mahasagar-Bulletin of the National Institute of Oceanography, 19 (1), 65 - 67."]}

Acineta persiensis Dovgal & Pešić, 2007 Records on hydrachnid mites: On Protzia sepasgosariani Pešić & Saboori, 2006 from Guik stream before the Guik dam near Birjand city, Khorrasan Province, in Iran (Dovgal & Pešić 2007, 2012); on Protzia invalvaris Piersig,1898 (Hydryphantidae) from Bistricastream, near the village Crkvine at Kolašin town, in Montenegro (Dovgal & Pešić 2007, 2012); on Nilotonia persica Pešić & Saboori, 2006 (Hydrachnidia, Аnisitsiellidae) from Rezvan spring, Jebal Barez Mts., Jiroft City, Temnoieh, Kerman Province in Iran (Dovgal & Pešić 2012)., Published as part of Chаtterjee, Tаpаs, Dovgаl, Igor, Pešić, Vlаdimir & Zаwаl, Аndrzej, 2018, A checklist of epibiont suctorian and peritrich ciliates (Ciliophora) on halacarid and hydrachnid mites (Acari: Halacaridae & Hydrachnidia), pp. 415-430 in Zootaxa 4457 (3) on page 420, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4457.3.4, http://zenodo.org/record/1457915, {"references":["Dovgal, I. V. & Pesic, V. (2007) Acineta persiensis sp. n. (Ciliophora, Suctorea) - a new freshwater suctorian speciesfrom the water mites of genus Protzia (Acari, Hydrachnidia). Vestnik Zoologii, 41, 165 - 167."]}

Chаtterjee, Tаpаs, Dovgаl, Igor, Pešić, Vlаdimir, Zаwаl, Аndrzej (2018): A checklist of epibiont suctorian and peritrich ciliates (Ciliophora) on halacarid and hydrachnid mites (Acari: Halacaridae & Hydrachnidia). Zootaxa 4457 (3): 415-430, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4457.3.4

Acineta sulcata Dons, 1927 = Acineta benesaepta Schultz, 1933 = Donsia sulcata (Dons, 1927) (cf. Jankowsky, 1967) = Plicophrya sulcata (Dons, 1927) (cf. Jankowski, 1975) Records on halacarid mites: Acineta sulcata was reported on halacarid mites from the Norwegian coast near Trǿmse (Dons 1927). Suctorian ciliates were later observed by Schulz (1933) on halacarid mites from Kiel Bay and named A. benesaepta. Kahl (1934) mentioned that the species was regularly observed in Kiel Bay on halacarid hosts. Precht (1935) later found A. sulcata (under synonymic name A. benesaepta) in Kiel Bay on a species of Copidognathus. Gosse (1855) reported Acineta sp. on the legs of a halacarid mite Thalassarachna basteri (Johnston, 1836), which erroneously was identified as Halacarus ctenopus Gosse, 1855 – cf. Bartsch, 2001a. Bartsch & Dovgal (2010) commented about this suctorian specimen and identified as Acineta sulcata Dons, 1927, probably. Jankowski (1981, 2007) noted numerous finds of this species on halacarid mites from the coast of the Barents Sea. This species was also found by Dovgal on the legs of an unidentified freshwater halacarid mite from the Unava River near Fasrov (Fastov region, Kiev Province, Ukraine) (Dovgal & Pešić 2007; Dovgal et al. 2008b; Dovgal 2013). In Dovgal & Pešić (2007), the mite host was indicated erroneously as an oribatid (Dovgal et al. 2008b). Bartsch & Panesar (2000) recorded Acineta sp. on the idiosoma and legs of Halacarellus hyrcanus (Viets, 1928) (= Caspihalacarus hyrcanus Viets, 1928) from the Danube River near Vienna, Аustria, and commented that this suctorian was probably A. tuberosa Ehrenberg. Аfter observing the figures of that species (Bartsch & Panesar 2000 Fig. 1), Dovgal et al. (2008a) commented that it probably is A. sulcata. Other Hosts: Precht (1935) in addition to halacarid hosts reported the species in Kiel Bay on ostracods Cythereis tuberculata (Sars, 1865) and Hemicythere villosa (Sars, 1866). Fernandez-Leborans et al. (2013) reported A. sulcate as epibiont on the hydrozoan Dycorine conferta, which was found on gastropod shells inhabited by the hermit-crab Pagurus bernhardus from the west coast of Scotland. Remarks: The species is possible specific to halacarid mites, even when found in freshwaters. The finding of the species on hydrozoans (Fernandez-Leborans et al. 2013) and ostracods (Precht 1935) needs further investigation., Published as part of Chаtterjee, Tаpаs, Dovgаl, Igor, Pešić, Vlаdimir & Zаwаl, Аndrzej, 2018, A checklist of epibiont suctorian and peritrich ciliates (Ciliophora) on halacarid and hydrachnid mites (Acari: Halacaridae & Hydrachnidia), pp. 415-430 in Zootaxa 4457 (3) on page 416, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4457.3.4, http://zenodo.org/record/1457915, {"references":["Dons, C. (1927) Neue und wenig bekannte Protozoen. Det Kongelige Norske Videnskabers Selskabs Skrifter, 7, 1 - 17.","Schultz, E. (1933) Beitrage zur Kenntnis marinen Suctorien. V. Zoologischer Anzeiger, 103, 327 - 329.","Kahl, A. (1934) Suctoria. In: Grimpe, G. & Wagler, E (Eds.), Die Tierwelt der Nord- und Ostsee, Lief 26, 11, 184 - 226.","Precht, H. (1935) Epizoen der Kielr Bucht. Nova Acta Leopoldina Halle, 3, 405 - 474.","Gosse, P. H. (1855) Notes on some new or little-known marine animals (III). Annals and Magazine of Natural History, Series 2, 16 (91), 305 - 313. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 037454809496409","Bartsch, I. (2001 a) Halacarus Gosse, 1855, H. ctenopus Gosse, 1855 and Thalassarachna Packard, 1871 (Arachnida, Acari): proposed conservation of usage of the name by designation of a neotype for H. ctenopus. Bulletin of zoological Nomenclature, 58, 202 - 205.","Bartsch, I. & Dovgal, I. V. (2010) A hydrothermal vent mite (Halacaridae, Acari) with a new Corynophrya species (Suctoria, Ciliophora), description of the suctorian and its distribution on the halacarid mite. European journal of Protistology, 46, 196 - 203. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. ejop. 2010.02.001","Jankowski, A. V. (1981) New species, genera and families of tentacled infusoria (class Suctoria). Proceedings of the Zoologica lInstitute, 107, 80 - 115. [in Russian with English summary]","Jankowski, A. V. (2007) Review of taxa Phylum Ciliophora Doflein, 1901. In: Alimov, A. F. (Ed.), Protista: Handbook on Zoology. Pt. 2. Nauka, St. Petersburg, pp. 415 - 993.","Dovgal, I. V. & Pesic, V. (2007) Acineta persiensis sp. n. (Ciliophora, Suctorea) - a new freshwater suctorian speciesfrom the water mites of genus Protzia (Acari, Hydrachnidia). Vestnik Zoologii, 41, 165 - 167.","Dovgal, I., Chatterjee, T., Ingole, B. & Nanajkar, M. (2008 b) First report of Limnoricus ponticus Dovgal & Lozowskiy (Ciliophora: Suctorea) as epibionts on Pycnophyes (Kinorhyncha) from the Indian Ocean with key to species of the genus Limnoricus. Cahiers de Biologie Marine, 49, 381 - 385.","Dovgal, I. V. (2013) Fauna of Ukraine. Vol. 36. Ciliates-Ciliophora. Issue 1. Class Suctorea. Naukova dumka, Kiev, 267 pp.","Bartsch, I. & Panesar, A. R. (2000) Die Meeresmilbe Caspihalacarus hyrcanus in der Donau bei wien, ein ponto-kaspisches Relikt. Natur und Museum, 130, 258 - 263.","Dovgal, I., Chatterjee, T. & Ingole, B. (2008 a) An overview of suctorian ciliates (Ciliophora: Suctorea) as epibionts of halacarid mites (Acari, Halacaridae). Zootaxa, 1810, 60 - 68."]}

Acineta sp. Records on hydrachnid mites: On Sperchon gr. denticulatus in Bosnia and Herzegovina, River Lištica near Široki Breg; on Partnuniana printua Gerecke, 1996 in Montenegro, Rumia Mt. Medjurjeĉkareka–river near Medjurečje and Komovi Mt., Štavna, rheohelocenic spring in forest; On Torrenticola barsica (Szalay, 1933) in Turkey, Rize Province, stream near Findikli town; Аrvin Province, Hopa stream near Koyuncular village; Erzurum Province, Başovacik stream, Ilica; in Iran, Shanderman, (Chafrood) stream 15 km from Masalsity; On Protzia sp. and Atractides sp. in Turkey, Erzurum Province, Sirli stream, Ilica - Dovgal & Pešić (2012). New finds: Locality: River Krąpiel near Dalewo, Poland (53°20'03.5"N, 15°11'11.2"E); Biotope: fast flow of water, 0.7 m depth, rocks; Host species: Torrenticola amplexa (Koenike, 1908); Localization: legs; Intensity: 5 ciliates per host individual. 15.10.2010; collector: А. Zawal, Published as part of Chаtterjee, Tаpаs, Dovgаl, Igor, Pešić, Vlаdimir & Zаwаl, Аndrzej, 2018, A checklist of epibiont suctorian and peritrich ciliates (Ciliophora) on halacarid and hydrachnid mites (Acari: Halacaridae & Hydrachnidia), pp. 415-430 in Zootaxa 4457 (3) on page 420, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4457.3.4, http://zenodo.org/record/1457915