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Nanoparticles are widely employed for the removal of color compounds and other micropollutants from wastewater. Over the past few decades, the preference for nanoparticles as adsorbents has increased tremendously. This study shows the green synthesis of relatively cost-efficient and sustainable magnetic Fe3O4 nanoparticles using Sal seed deoiled cake (a forest-industrial biomass residue) and iron salt solution. The properties of synthesized nanoparticles were determined as magnetite (Fe3O4) having the size of 6–8 nm, crystalline, paramagnetic nature, having negative surface charge and polydispersity index (PDI) of 0.785 using various advanced analytical techniques, viz., XRD (X-ray diffraction), TEM (transmission electron microscopy), FTIR (Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy), VSM (vibrating sample magnetometer), zeta potential, and DLS (dynamic light scattering). The prepared nanoparticles were employed to remove an industrially important dye, acid fuchsin (AF), from the contaminated water. The initial adsorbent concentration of 10 mg/mL at 37℃ and stationary conditions were found to be optimum for the adsorption of acid fuchsin from water with more than 80% decolorization of 100 ppm of dye within 2 h of treatment. The adsorption kinetics could be fitted by a pseudo-second-order kinetic model. The recovery and reuse of the synthesized nanoparticles were proved by multi-cycle experiments. The dye decolorization potential of magnetic nanoparticles in industries was further confirmed by successfully applying them for real dyeing unit wastewater treatment with 62% decolorization efficiency. Since synthesized iron nanoparticles were magnetic in nature, their easy separation from the reaction mixture after completion of the reaction further adds to their cost-effective and environment-friendly application. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The effect of chitosan oxidation with sodium periodate on the ability to form complexes with the dyes methylene blue, malachite green and acid fuchsin, which have an antiseptic effect, was investigated. A non-covalent interaction occurred for methylene blue and malachite green, while a covalent interaction occurred for acid fuchsin. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy confirmed the formation of chitosan composites with these dyes. The antimicrobial effect of these dyes complexed with oxidised chitosan against Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis and Escherichia coli was investigated. The non-covalent attachment of malachite green and methylene blue to chitosan preserved their antimicrobial effect; hence, complexes of these dyes with oxidised chitosan provide a more convenient form that is less staining. However, the covalent conjugation of acid fuchsin with oxidised chitosan caused a significant loss of the antimicrobial activity. The developed method of conjugation of specific dyes with chitosan can be used to create complexes of this biopolymer with a wide range of biologically active organic substances. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

MimDES-ZIF-8 with rich active sites as positive charges and metal coordination sites were prepared based on imidazole based deep eutectic solvent (MimDES) using interface permeation method. 2-Methylimidazole (2-Mim) simultaneously acted as a hydrogen bond acceptor (HBA) in MimDES (hydrogen donner was 1,6-hexanediol) and an organic ligand in MimDES-ZIF-8, affecting the coordination of ZIF-8 during permeation. Four different zinc salt solutions (ZnCl 2 , Zn(NO 3) 2 ·6H 2 O, Zn(OAc) 2 ·2H 2 O, ZnSO 4 ·7H 2 O) were permeated into MimDES to obtain MimDES-ZIF-8 with different morphologies. All MimDES-ZIF-8 had higher Zn/N ration (>0.25), specific surface area and surface positive charges. The dye adsorption results indicated that MimDES-ZIF-8 showed high adsorption efficiencies for acid fuchsin (all exceeded 97.75 % under pH 7.5) and a fast adsorption rate (exceeding 93 % in 5 min and reaching equilibrium in 60 min). Among MimDES-ZIF-8, the adsorption capacity of ZIF-8-C was 4845.3 mg/g. After five cycles of adsorption, the AF removal efficiency of ZIF-8-C remained over 93.23 %. Moreover, ZIF-8-C also had good adsorption capacity for anionic dyes CR, cationic dyes MB and BB. The adsorption process aligned well with both the Langmuir model and the pseudo-second-order kinetic model. Based on FTIR, XPS, and electrostatic potential calculation, the adsorption mechanism was elucidated. [Display omitted] • Based on active MimDES, MimDES-ZIF-8 with abundant active adsorption sites are prepared by permeation method. • The hydrogen bonding between 1,6-hexanediol and 2-Mim in MimDES affects the coordination of ZIF-8. • MimDES-ZIF-8 have high adsorption capacities and fast adsorption rate for acidic fuchsin. • ZIF-8-C achieves selective adsorption of dyes through competitive adsorption of surface-active sites. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, the organic gel polyacrolein (PAOG) was prepared by NaOH-induced ionic polymerization with acrolein as raw material, which presented good adsorption performance on acid fuchsin (AF). It has been characterized using BET, FT-IR, zeta potential measurements, and XPS to determine the structural and physicochemical properties of PAOG. The adsorption performance was examined in relation to contact time, temperature, and pH value. According to the results, polyacrolein gel adsorbent had a fast adsorption rate, and the adsorption process basically reached equilibrium in the first thirty minutes, which agreed with the pseudo-second-order kinetics. It was determined that the adsorption isotherm conformed to the Langmuir model, which was the endothermic spontaneous reaction (ΔH > 0, ΔG < 0). The five executed adsorption–desorption cycles of AF suggested a good reusability of PAOG. These results can help us better understand the adsorption mechanism of PAOG on AF and provide useful treatment method for removing AF. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aging and photobleaching effects on the acid Fuchsin dye with different concentrations in the absence and the presence of poly(vinyl alcohol) were investigated. For studying the aging effect of the samples, the optical absorption properties were characterized by UV–Vis spectroscopy. Also, the photoluminescence spectrum of the samples was measured for considering the photobleaching effect. The absorbance of dye in the proximity of PVA is enhanced. Existence of PVA introducing a quenching effect in the photoluminescence intensity of dye with an increase in dye concentration. Results show that the aging value of AF dye in the presence of PVA is enhanced with an accompanying quenching of the photobleaching value. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent years, MXene has become one of the most intriguing two-dimensional layered (2Dl) materials extensively explored for various applications. In this study, a Ti 3 C 2 MXene/rGo-Cu 2 O Nanocomposite (TGCNCs) was developed to eliminate Safranin-O effectively (SO) and Acid Fuchsin (AF) as cationic dyes from the aquatic environment. Multistep was involved in the preparation of the adsorbent system, including the Preparation of Ti 3 C 2 , after that, GO synthesis by the Humer method, followed by rGO production, then added CuSO 4 to obtain a final Nanocomposite (NCs) called "TGCNCs". The structure of TGCNCs can be varied in several ways, including FTIR, SEM, TGA, Zeta, EDX, XRD, and BET, to affirm the efficacious preparation of TGCNCs. A novel adsorbent system was developed to remove SO and AF, both cationic dyes. Various adsorption conditions have been optimized through batch adsorption tests, including the pH of the solution (4–12), the effect of dosage (0.003–0.03 g), the impact of the contact time (5–30 min), and the effect of beginning dye concentration (25–250 mg/L). Accordingly, the TGCNCs exhibited excellent fitting for Freundlich isotherm mode, resulting in maximum AF and SO adsorption capacities of 909.09 and 769.23 mg g−1. This research on adsorption kinetics suggests that a pseudo-second-order (PSO) model would fit well with the experimental data (R S O 2 = 0.998 and R A F 2 = 0.990). It is evident from the thermodynamic parameters that adsorption is an endothermic process that is spontaneous and favorable. During the adsorption of SO and AF onto NCs, it is hypothesized that these molecules interact intramolecularly through stacking interactions, H-bond interactions, electrostatic interactions, and entrapment within the polymeric Poros structure nanocomposite. Regeneration studies lasting up to five cycles were the most effective for both organic dyes under study. [Display omitted] • A multifunctional adsorption system based on Ti 3 C 2 MXenes and rGO/Cu 2 O is developed to remove toxic dyes. • This method is straightforward to use for synthesizing Ti 3 C 2 MXene from Ti 3 AlC 2. • Freundlich isotherms and pseudo-second-order kinetics fitted adsorption data. • The Ti 3 C 2 MXene/rGo-Cu 2 O Nanocomposite was reused at least five more times. • The composite's Qmax for Safranin-O and Acid Fuchsin was 909.09 and 769.23 mg/g. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bismuth tungstate doped with 1 % Sr or Cs is hydro thermally synthesized. XRT), FT-TR, SEM-EDS, XPS, UV-Vis and ETS are used to characterize the morphology and crystal structure of the prepared catalysts, and their catalytic performance are valued through catalytic degradation of acid fuchsin. The results indicate that doping of Sr and Cs does not affect the phase structure of bismuth tungstate. The arrangement of nanosheets becomes more regular after doping, the diameter of nano spheres becomes smaller, and the specific surface area of the catalyst increases. Since the radius of Cs+ (167 nm) is greater than that of Sr2+ (118 nm), the lattice mismatch of Cs-Bi2WO6 is higher than that of Sr-Bi2 WO6 resulting in the band gap reduces, the absorption shifts to red, and the oxygen deficiency increases. Therefore the photo catalytic degradation performance of Cs-Bi, W0h is significantly higher than those of Sr-Bi2WO6 and Bi2,WO6. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Tiangong University is the property of Journal of Tianjin Polytechnic University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

[Display omitted] • N-doping enriched MgO-modified biochar (MBC) was prepared by Mg(NO 3) 2 activation. • Mg(NO 3) 2 activation method enhance the N doping degree of biochar. • Higher N doping degree facilitate the AF transmit in the pore of biochar. • The MBC exhibit excellent Acid fuchsin adsorption performance from wastewater. Developing efficient biochar (BC) adsorbent for pollution removal has been a long-term exploration. However, the negative charge surface of pristine BC seriously impedes the transfer of anionic dye through the pore of BC and results in low adsorption capacity. Herein, N-doping enriched porous MgO-modified biochar (MBC) was successfully prepared through a facile nitrate activation method for anionic acid fuchsin (AF) removal. The N-doped group of secondary amine in MBC changes the surface charge of BC and facilitate the AF adsorption onto MgO. The as-prepared MBC exhibited superior adsorption capacity of 328 mg⋅g−1. The adsorption process was well aligned with the Freundlich and pseudo-second-order kinetics models indicating a hybrid physicochemical adsorption mechanism. Further mechanism investigation indicates that N-doped group, MgO and functional groups in biochar matrix primarily contribute to AF adsorption. The mechanism includes: electrostatic attraction, π-π interaction, hydrogen bonding and pore filling. This research provides an environmentally friendly nitrate activation strategy for BC, which overcomes the inherent defects of BC in negative charge surface and provides a facile way of biomass valorization for pollution removal from the aquatic environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Harran Journal of Agricultural & Food Science is the property of Harran University, Faculty of Agriculture and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In this work, nickel‐modified mesoporous silica prepared via sol–gel method (Ni‐S) and co‐precipitation method (Ni‐C) as effective adsorbents were successfully employed for the removal of acid fuchsin (AF) and basic fuchsin (BF). The effect of the retained templates on the adsorption of AF in synthetic materials was investigated in detail. The results indicated that retained templates contributed to improve the adsorption of AF and the theoretical maximum adsorption capacity of Ni‐S reached 689.66 mg/g according to Langmuir model. The electrostatic attraction between the anions (‐SO3−) in the dye molecules and the cations (‐NH3+) in the template (HAD) helps to enhance the adsorption effect. The adsorption isotherm and kinetics data fitted perfectly to Langmuir isotherm model and followed the pseudo‐second‐order kinetics. The thermodynamic parameters calculated from temperature‐dependent isotherms suggested that AF adsorption on nickel‐modified hexagonal mesoporous silica (Ni‐HMS) was endothermic and spontaneous process. In addition, the above‐mentioned adsorbents depleted after adsorbing AF could be recovered by simple calcination to apply into the adsorption of BF and exhibited excellent removal performance for basic dyes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The dispersion and macroization of nanomaterials have great potential in the development of high-efficiency adsorbents. To address organic dye pollution, two inexpensive and renewable biological resources, gelatin (Gel) and carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC), were crosslinked by nanostructured polypyrrole (PPy) to achieve a novel PPy-hydrogel. The morphology and composition of the CMC/Gel/PPy hydrogels were characterized. The result shows that the CMC/Gel solution can provide an excellent condition for the dispersion of polypyrrole (PPy). Based on the combination of PPy and the biomass matrix, specific adsorption sites can be formed by the synergistic effect of the functional groups derived from CMC, Gel and PPy. The CMC/Gel/PPy hydrogel has an exclusive adsorption of acid fuchsin (AF). Furthermore, the adsorption process of AF on the CMC/Gel/PPy hydrogel was investigated, and influencing factors, such as adsorbent dosage, temperature, initial dye concentration and adsorbent recyclability, were discussed in detail. Under optimal conditions, the CMC/Gel/PPy hydrogel can reach an adsorption equilibrium within 50 minutes in a 60 mg/L AF solution at 24 °C, and the AF removal efficiency was approximately 94%. It was also observed that the AF removal efficiencies of CMC/Gel/PPy remained almost unchanged after at least seven consecutive adsorption–desorption cycles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Red food coloring artificial dye Carmoisine can be used in totally safe, low cost and environment friendly nematode staining procedure. Both egg masses on the root surface and nematodes in the root tissue stained perfectly with the Carmoisine. Egg masses stained the best at higher stain concentrations (3, 4 and 5%). 30-60 min root submersion in the stain resulted in best contrast. White vinegar can be used efficiently to store egg mass bearing roots. Nematodes in the root tissue were stained the best at low stain concentrations (0.1 and 0.2%) with 5% vinegar. 70% sucrose solution acidified with 0.5% vinegar was comparable to acidified glycerin for destaining. Stained nematodes were still visible with high contrast even after being stored for 8 to 11 months at room temperature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Fe fixed with sodium alginate gel beads (Fe3+-SA) was successfully synthesized. The application of the electro-Fenton (EF) technique using Fe3+-SA for the degradation of acid fuchsin (AF) was investigated. The decolorization of AF by EF with Fe3+-SA and homogeneous Fe3+ was studied, which confirmed that the EF with Fe3+-SA could attain higher color removal rate (98.2%). Redox of Fe3+-SA and homogeneous Fe3+ were also examined by cyclic voltammetry. Influencing factors on AF decolorization including pH, current density, initial AF concentration, Fe3+-SA dosage, Cl– concentration, were investigated by conducting batch experiments. The results showed that AF could be decolorized effectively in a wide pH range of 3–11. pH, applied current density, initial AF concentration, H2O2/Fe3+-SA ratio, and the addition of Cl– affected AF decolorization. The pseudo-first-order kinetic model can accurately describe the AF decolorization process. In addition, 100 mg/L AF was treated by EF with Fe3+-SA for 4 h to evaluate total organic carbon (TOC) removal, mineralization current efficiency, and specific energy consumption. The properties of Fe3+-SA, and Fe3+-SA after EF reaction (Fe3+-SA/EF) were characterized by scanning electron microscopy, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, and X-ray photo-electron spectrometry. The iron content in AF solution before and after EF was measured by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy. Ion chromatography analyzed the change in inorganic salt during EF and ultraviolet–visible spectroscopy studied the decolorizing mechanism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, for the first-time, aqueous solution of Acid Fuchsin (AF) was spectrophotometrically evaluated as a possible chemical dosimeter for food irradiation dosimetry at low dose ranges. A 50 µM solution of AF at natural pH was gamma irradiated and absorbance of the solution was measured at λmax (i.e., 543 nm) in addition to other wavelengths (490, 510, 549 and 564 nm). The response of AF dosimeter was investigated by plotting various variables, i.e., absorbance (A), − log A, change in absorbance (∆A), log Ao/Ai and absorbance % (A %) against absorbed dose. The response plots suggested that the beneficial dose range of AF solution in water was up to 0.82 kGy when absorbance (A), change in absorbance (ΔA) and absorbance % (A %) were extrapolated against absorbed dose. Though, the response was linear and beneficial absorbed dose range was extended up to 1.65 kGy, when − log A and log Ao/Ai were plotted against absorbed dose. It was concluded from pre- and post-irradiation stability studies of AF dosimeter that it should be protected from light and heat during handling and storage. For detection of the reactive specie involved in the bleaching of AF dye the AF dye solution was saturated with O2, N2 and N2O gases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • CoAl-LDH synthesis and characterisation by several physico-chemical methods. • The material showed a specific surface area of 48 m2. g−1 and was efficient for the adsorption of acid fuchsin. • Modelling and optimisation of various parameters effecting the acid fuchsin adsorption onto CoAl-LDH using Central Composite Design (CCD) and Response Surface Methodology (RMS). • Evaluation of the kinetic, isothermal and thermodynamic parameters of the system. Massive amounts of wastewater contaminated by hazardous and synthetic dyes are produced by the textile industry. Therefore, it is crucial to develop innovative techniques for removing these pollutants. In the present study, CoAl- LDH with excellent adsorption ability was synthesized via coprecipitation method at ambient temperature. The surface morphology and composition of the resulted compound were evaluated using several methods including X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier Transform Infrared spectrometry (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), differential thermogravimetry (DTG), and Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The results given by Brunauer, Emmett and Teller theory (BET) showed that the material has a specific surface area of 48 m2.g−1 and pore volume of 0.42 cm3.g−1. The as-synthesized material was tested for the acid fuchsin removal from an aqueous medium and the impact of several parameters was investigated. The experimental parameters such as the pH, the initial concentration, the adsorbent dose and the time were optimized using the central composite response surface methodology. The optimal adsorption capacity is attained at pH = 4.5, Initial concentration C 0 = 96.71 ppm, adsorbent dose d = 0.40 g.L−1 and time t = 180 min. The adsorption process fitted well with the pseudo-second order reaction, and followed Langmuir adsorption isotherm providing a considerable Langmuir adsorption capacity of 384.6 mg. g−1. The effect of different temperatures reveals the thermodynamic parameters, i.e., the free Gibbs energy ΔG° (−4.86 to −1.16 kJ.mol−1), enthalpy change (ΔH° = 79.69 kJ.mol−1) and entropy (ΔS° = 137.61 JK−1.mol−1), the negative ΔG° and positive ΔH° values signify that the fuchsin acid adsorption is spontaneous and endothermic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Tumors of the oral cavity include combinations of hard and soft tissues that may be difficult to identify using routine hematoxylin and eosin (H & E) staining. Although combination stains can demonstrate hard and soft tissues, trichrome stains, such as VanGieson and Masson, cannot differentiate dental hard tissues, such as dentin, cementum and osteoid. Modified Gallegos (MGS) and verdeluz orange G-acid fuchsin (VOF) stains can differentiate components of teeth. We used 10 tissue sections of decalcified bone and 10 pathologic tissue sections that contained different calcified tissues including peripheral ossifying fibroma, odontoma, central ossifying fibroma and cemento-ossifying fibroma. Sections were stained with H & E, VOF or MGS. H and E stained both hard tissues pink. VOF stained bone purple-red, cementum red and collagen blue. MGS stained bone green-blue, cementum red and collagen blue. VOF staining intensity and differentiation was better than MGS staining. VOF staining demonstrated hard tissue components distinctly and exhibited good contrast with the surrounding connective tissue. VOF also is a simple, single step, rapid staining procedure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The chitosan–montmorillonite composites (CTS–MMT) were prepared by CTS in combination with Na-type montmorillonite (Na-MMT). The composites were characterized by X-ray diffraction and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The effects of initial pH value of the solution, adsorbent dose, the mass ratio of CTS to Na-MMT, the adsorption temperature, and contact time on acid fuchsin (AF) removal efficiency were investigated. The results indicated that the CTS could be successfully intercalated into the interlayers of Na-MMT. With the increase in content of CTS, some of them may be distributed on the surfaces of the clay and the AF removal efficiency can reach 80.2% using CTS–MMT as adsorbent to treatment AF wastewater (the AF concentration 20 mg/L) under the condition of pH, 5; adsorbent dose, 5 g/L; the mass ratio of CTS to Na-MMT, 0.25:1; adsorption temperature, 40°C; and contact time, 90 min. Meanwhile, it was shown that the adsorption processes were better fitted by pseudo-second-order model and the Freundlich model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Main conclusion : Xylem flow is progressively shut down during maturation beginning with minor veins at the stylar end and progressing to major veins and finally to bundles at the stem end. This study investigates the functionality of the xylem vascular system in developing sweet cherry fruit ( Prunus avium L.). The tracers acid fuchsin and gadoteric acid were fed to the pedicel of detached fruit. The tracer distribution was studied using light microscopy and magnetic resonance imaging. The vasculature of the sweet cherry comprises five major bundles. Three of these supply the flesh; two enter the pit to supply the ovules. All vascular bundles branch into major and minor veins that interconnect via numerous anastomoses. The flow in the xylem as indexed by the tracer distribution decreases continuously during development. The decrease is first evident at the stylar (distal) end of the fruit during pit hardening and progresses basipetally towards the pedicel (proximal) end of the fruit at maturity. That growth strains are the cause of the decreased conductance is indicated by: elastic strain relaxation after tissue excision, the presence of ruptured vessels in vivo, the presence of intrafascicular cavities, and the absence of tyloses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nano-TiO 2 /chitosan/poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (nano-TiO 2 /CS/PNIPAAm) composite hydrogel was prepared by a two-step polymerization method, and nano-TiO 2 can endow the composite hydrogel with photocatalytic activity. The nano-TiO 2 /CS/PNIPAAm composite hydrogel was characterized by FT-IR and SEM. The properties of dye adsorption and photocatalytic degradation were investigated. The results indicated that dye adsorption was strongly influenced by solution pH and the acid fuchsin (AF) removal rate was maximum at pH = 4. The dye removal rate decreased slightly with increasing temperature, and the composite hydrogel adsorbing AF dyes floated on the solution surface at 40 °C and could be readily removed from the aqueous solution. Kinetics analysis indicated that the dye adsorption by nano-TiO 2 /CS/PNIPAAm composite hydrogel conformed to pseudo-second order model. Moreover, nano-TiO 2 /CS/PNIPAAm composite hydrogel exhibited high efficiency of photocatalytic degradation for AF dyes, and AF dye removal rate reached 90.5% under UV irradiation for 160 min. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]