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3. VR-DIS Research Programme : Design Systems group

Author

de Vries, B., Achten, H. H., Coomans, M. K. D., Dijkstra, J., Fridqvist, S., Jessurun, A. J., van Leeuwen, J. P., Orzechowski, M. A., Saarloos, D. J. M., Segers, N. M., Tan, A. A. W., de Vries, Bauke, editor, van Leeuwen, Jos, editor, and Achten, Henri, editor

Published
2001
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5. A research framework of digital leadership

Author

Zupancic, T. (Tadeja), Herneoja, A. (Aulikki), Schoonjans, Y. (Yves), Achten, H. (Henri), Zupancic, T. (Tadeja), Herneoja, A. (Aulikki), Schoonjans, Y. (Yves), and Achten, H. (Henri)

Abstract

In leading architectural offices where digital technologies have become de facto part and parcel of the architectural design process, it has become pointless to talk about “architectural design” and “digital technology” as separate phenomena. In fact, those offices showcase advances in their designs through combined developments in process, tools, teams, materials, and research. Far from being a passive addition to conventional processes, digital technologies transform the whole spectrum of architectural endeavour. Architects and offices in the front of these development showcase a particular competence set that is distinct from others, which we propose to call “digital leadership.” We define “digital leadership” as the “integration of distributed knowledge from social sciences/humanities and digital technologies through the integrative artistic power of Architectural Design applied to the built environment as a real-world research and design laboratory.” Although there have been many digital pioneers since the early 1960’ies, we can now see digital leadership as a more mainstream movement. However, there is no unified framework or theoretical understanding of digital leadership. In this paper we report on work carried out on four universities which has the aim to build such a framework.

Published
2018

10. Explauralisation : the experience of exploring architecture made audible

Author

Krijnen, T.F., Beetz, J., Voorthuis, J.C.T., Vries, de, B., Achten, H., Pavlicek, J., Hulín, J., Matejovská, D., Building Acoustics, Information Systems Built Environment, and Architectural History and Theory

Abstract

In this paper we propose an open source design tool that allows designers to easily conceive, evaluate and design the full auditory experience of a building, based on a digital three-dimensional model. A guiding principle has been the dynamic nature of the configuration of sound sources and listeners. Hence, a system is created that enables sound sources as well as listeners to be defined as moving entities. Furthermore, the ability exists for listeners, in their own movements and interactions, to generate sounds as well. In the system, proposed in this paper, ray-tracing is used to simulate the spatial acoustics. The paper discusses the considerations regarding several implementation choices and regarding adoption of the tool in the architectural design process.

Published
2012

11. Modeling of RL-Cities

Author

Zee, van der, A., Vries, de, B., Pavlicek, J, Hulin, J, Matejovska, D, Achten, H, and Information Systems Built Environment

Abstract

In this paper we present an outline of a newly started project to develop a city generator for use in urban planning. The aim of the project is to develop a rule-based system which is capable of generation lookalike cities. Lookalike cities are cities which resemble real life cities without being an exact copy of it. A city consists of several zones; each zone has it own identity. In order to generate lookalike cities, these zone-identities need to be capture into rules which the system can ‘read’

Published
2012

12. Design research in education

Author

Nieveen, N.M., Folmer, Elvira, van den Akker, Jan, Achten, H., de Vries, B., and Stappers, P.

Subjects
METIS-272557
Published
2010

15. 150 000 – Parametric Control of PET Bottle Structure

Author

Nováková, K. (author), Kurilla, L. (author), Achten, H. (author), Nováková, K. (author), Kurilla, L. (author), and Achten, H. (author)

Abstract

In this paper we describe the pedagogical and methodological approach to a parametric project and workshop for the design of a tower which consists of 150000 PET bottles. The ultimate goal of the project is to actually realize the PET bottle tower; therefore the constraints on the projects are very strict. Additionally, because of the large number of bottles to be used in the design, the problem lends itself well to a parametric approach.

Published
2013

16. ColLab Sketch: Case study on collaborative sketching

Author

Novakova, K. (author), Jakubal, V. (author), Achten, H. (author), Matejovska, D. (author), Novakova, K. (author), Jakubal, V. (author), Achten, H. (author), and Matejovska, D. (author)

Abstract

In this paper we present an application we developed for collaborative sketch sharing within a design process. We review the specific application development process and discuss the features of the application itself. The tool has been tested and used in a design studio setting between two universities located in different countries. We observed that it is suitable for architectural communication, and also allows monitoring of the sketch activity during the design process. This paper also describes application architecture and selected technologies. We have furthermore defined multiple groups of application requirements. Our self-developed application was proven to suit specified needs and overcame previously tested commercial tools.

Published
2013

17. Buildings with an Attitude: Personality traits for the design of interactive architecture

Author

Achten, H. (author) and Achten, H. (author)

Abstract

In order to achieve interactive architecture it is necessary to consider more than the technological components of sensors, controllers, and actuators. The interaction can be focused to different interaction activities: instructing, conversing, manipulating, and exploring (we propose to call this the interaction view). Additionally, the purpose of the building may range from performing, sustaining, servicing, symbolising, to entertaining (we propose to call this the world view). Combined, the interaction view and world view establish 20 different attitudes, which are flavours of behaviour for the interactive building. Through attitudes interaction profiles can be established and criteria derived for the design of interactive buildings.

Published
2013

18. Scripting Design Supported by Feedback Loop from Structural Analysis

Author

Kurilla, L. (author), Achten, H. (author), Florian, M. (author), Kurilla, L. (author), Achten, H. (author), and Florian, M. (author)

Abstract

In order to support an architect’s decision to evaluate and choose more efficient structural solutions in the concept design, it is necessary to establish an interactive feedback loop between structural solver and geometry modeller which would allow one to analyse a great number of solutions generated in the scripting design process. Defining a cross-disciplinary data structure as an analytical model, the communication between existing structural solver (OOFEM) and geometry modeller (Grasshopper) was established. Automation of the entire analysis process was done by the bridging tools MIDAS and Donkey, which have been developed. This paper presents the method of creation of an analytical model by Donkey, and deals with how to visualize, interpret and use the result values from the structural analysis.

Published
2013

19. Landscape Information Modeling

Author

Zají_ková, V. (author), Achten, H. (author), Zají_ková, V. (author), and Achten, H. (author)

Abstract

In this paper we report on a recently started PhD project in which we investigate the extension of the concept of “Building Information Model” (BIM) to the domain of landscape design. The potential benefits of BIM in the field of architecture have been reported many times (e.g., Ibrahim et al., 2004; Eastman et al., 2008; Abdelmohsen et al., 2011). However, in landscape design an information model in the way of BIM seems to be missing. Benefits of a Landscape Information Model would be (a) formalisation of knowledge in landscape design; (b) information model to support multiple participants in landscape design; (c) improved information exchange between landscape design, architecture, and urban design. In this paper we set out the basic outline of the research.

Published
2013

21. Sensory morphing skins

Author

Achten, H., Pavlicek, J., Hulin, J., Matejovska, D., Khoo, Chin Koi, Achten, H., Pavlicek, J., Hulin, J., Matejovska, D., and Khoo, Chin Koi

Published
2012

27. In search of the in between

Author

Schaeverbeke, Robin, Heylighen, Ann, Achten, H, Matejovská, D, Achten, H., and Matejovská, D.

Subjects
design thinking, architectural education, hybrid drawing, tooling, games
Abstract

Our paper presents a teaching project in the context of architectural education which inquires the fusion of learning processes within both physical and digital media. Our approach, situated within an undergraduate program, aims to blur the boundaries between physical and digital activities in order to enhance and amplify their qualities and, by doing so, broadening students' understanding and awareness of extending design-based media. The program relies upon an open, design-driven, game-inspired process. While the games allow to explore form and space by following a set of simple directions, the games’ constraints guide the teaching of specific drawing and representation techniques. The exercises span two semesters of the first year curriculum. Within the exercises we re-approach the embodiment of skill based upon possibilities, paths and strategies to combine design-based media as a conglomerate to draw from rather than as a set of singular techniques. Book subtitle: PHYSICAL DIGITALITY ispartof: pages:49-57 ispartof: Digital Physicality | Physical Digitality pages:49-57 ispartof: eCAADe 2012 location:Prague date:12 Sep - 14 Sep 2012 status: published

Published
2012

28. Baptism of fire of a Web-based design assistant

Author

Ann Heylighen, Herman Neuckermans, De Vries, B, van Leeuwen, J, Achten, H, De Vries, B., van Leeuwen, J., and Achten, H.

Subjects
Baptism, Engineering, Multimedia, business.industry, Design studio, Design knowledge, computer.software_genre, Action (philosophy), Information and Communications Technology, Mathematics education, Web application, design support, business, computer, design studios, Studio, Computer technology, Case-Based Design
Abstract

DYNAMO – a Dynamic Architectural Memory On-line – is a Web-based design assistant to support architectural design education. The tool is conceived as an (inter-)active workhouse rather than a passive warehouse: it is interactively developed by and actively develops its users' design knowledge. Its most important feature is not merely that it presents students with design cases, but that those cases trigger in-depth explorations, stimulate reflection and prime discussions between students, design teachers and professional architects. Whereas previous papers have focused on the theoretical ideas behind DYNAMO and on how Web-technology enabled us to translate these ideas into a working prototype, this paper reports on the prototype's baptism of fire in a 4th year design studio. It describes the setting and procedure of the baptism, the participation of the studio teaching staff, and the reactions and appreciation of the students. Based on students' responses to a questionnaire and observations of the tool in use, we investigated whether DYNAMO succeeded in engaging students and what factors stimulated/hampered this engagement. Despite the prototype nature of the system, students were noticeably enthusiastic about the tool. Moreover, DYNAMO turned out to be fairly 'democratic', in the sense that it did not seem to privilege students with private access to or prior knowledge of computer technology. However, the responses to the questionnaire raise questions about the nature of students' engagement. Three factors revealed themselves as major obstacles to student (inter-)action: lack of time, lack of encouragement by the teachers and lack of studio equipment. Although these obstacles may not relate directly to DYNAMO itself, they might have prevented the tool from functioning the way it was originally meant to. The paper concludes with lessons learned for the future of DYNAMO and, more in general, of ICT in architectural design education. Proceedings of the Ninth International Conference held at the Eindhoven University of Technology, Kluwer Academic, Dordrecht (The Netherlands) ispartof: pages:111-124 ispartof: Computer Aided Architectural Design Futures 2001 pages:111-124 ispartof: Computer Aided Architectural Design Futures (CAADFutures) location:Eindhoven (The Netherlands) date:8 Jul - 11 Jul 2001 status: published

Published
2001

29. Hypercell: A bio-inspired information design framework for real-time adaptive spatial components

Author

Biloria, N, Chang, J-R, Achten, H, Pavlicek, J, Hulin, J, and Matejovska, D

Subjects
evo-devo, adaptation, swarms, simulation, cellular component
Abstract

Contemporary explorations within the evolutionary computational domain have been heavily instrumental in exploring biological processes of adaptation, growth and mutation. On the other hand a plethora of designers owing to the increasing sophistication in computer aided design software are equally enthused by the formal aspects of biological organisms and are thus meticulously involved in form driven design developments. This focus on top-down appearance and surface condition based design development under the banner of organic architecture in essence contributes to the growing misuse of bio-inspired design and the inherent meaning associated with the terminology. HyperCell, a bio-inspired information design framework for real-time adaptive spatial components, is an ongoing research, at Hyperbody, TU Delft, which focuses on extrapolating bottom-up generative design and real-time interaction based adaptive spatial re-use logics by understanding processes of adaptation, multi-performance and self sustenance in natural systems. Evolutionary developmental biology is considered as a theoretical basis for this research.

Published
2012

30. Impact of IgG Fc Glycosylation on Disease Dynamics in Patients With Primary Sjögren Disease.

Author

Achten H, Meuris L, Deroo L, Jarlborg M, Decruy T, Deprez J, Dumas E, De Boeck K, Genbrugge E, Bauters W, Dochy F, Creytens D, Roels D, Callewaert N, Elewaut D, and Peene I

Abstract

Objective: Glycans attached to the Fc region of IgG antibodies influence their pro- or anti-inflammatory effector function. We aimed to explore the interrelation of the Fc glycosylation profile and disease transition, disease activity, and outcome in patients with suspected and confirmed primary Sjögren disease (SjD)., Methods: IgG Fc sialylation and IgG Fc galactosylation serum levels were determined in 300 patients from the Belgian Sjögren's Syndrome Transition Trial. This cohort includes both suspected and confirmed patients with SjD meeting the 2016 American College of Rheumatology/EULAR criteria. Salivary gland involvement was evaluated through ultrasonography (Hocevar score 0-48) and histopathology (focus score). The relative amount of sialylated and galactosylated IgG was determined by capillary electrophoresis after using the endoglycosidase S-based assay., Results: Patients with SjD exhibited significantly lower sialylation and galactosylation levels versus asymptomatic carriers of anti-SSA and patients with sicca. Lower sialylation and galactosylation levels were significantly associated with an increase in B cell activation markers and distinct autoantibody profiles, particularly with multiple autoantibody reactivities. They were also linked to histopathological salivary gland alterations, higher Hocevar scores, and, importantly, risk factors for non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) development. In contrast, patients with SjD who were mono-anti-Ro60 positive and those who were anti-SSA negative had normal IgG Fc glycosylation., Conclusion: This study points to a novel role of IgG Fc glycosylation in patients with SjD in predicting disease transition, monitoring disease activity, and stratifying risk of NHL development., (© 2024 American College of Rheumatology.)

Published
2024
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31. Ultrasound-guided core needle biopsy and incisional biopsy of the parotid gland are comparable in diagnosis of primary Sjögren's syndrome.

Author

Deroo L, Genbrugge E, Dochy F, Creytens D, Achten H, De Boeck K, Bauters W, Roels D, Deprez J, Van den Bosch F, Elewaut D, and Peene I

Subjects
Humans, Biopsy, Large-Core Needle, Biopsy methods, Image-Guided Biopsy, Ultrasonography, Interventional, Parotid Gland diagnostic imaging, Parotid Gland pathology, Sjogren's Syndrome diagnostic imaging, Sjogren's Syndrome pathology
Abstract

Objectives: Salivary gland lymphocytic infiltrates are a hallmark of primary SS (pSS), but traditional biopsy techniques hold several disadvantages. Ultrasound-guided core needle (US-guided CN) parotid gland biopsy is minimally invasive and reliable for diagnosis of lymphoma in pSS. This proof-of-concept study aimed to explore this technique in the diagnostic work-up of pSS and is the first to address its value in a consecutive cohort independently of the presence of salivary gland swelling., Methods: Combined incisional and US-guided CN parotid biopsy was performed in 20 patients with suspected or confirmed pSS from the Belgian Sjögren's Syndrome Transition Trial (BeSSTT). Surface area and presence of a focus score (FS) of at least one, germinal centres and lymphoepithelial lesions were recorded., Results: Salivary gland tissue was interpretable in 19 patients. Fourteen patients had ≥4 mm2 salivary gland tissue by both techniques, in four US-guided CN biopsies salivary gland tissue was <4 mm2. Paired biopsies ≥4 mm2 displayed a concordance of 90% for FS ≥ 1. Presence of lymphoepithelial lesions and germinal centres showed absolute concordance. Of four US-guided CN biopsies <4 mm2, three interpretable incisional biopsies were available, 2/3 with perfect concordance. When including biopsies of <4 mm2 salivary gland tissue, presence of FS ≥ 1 or germinal centres gave a sensitivity of 70% in incisional and of 69% in US-guided CN biopsy., Conclusions: US-guided CN biopsy of the parotid gland is at least equivalent to incisional biopsy of the parotid gland in the diagnostic work-up of pSS., (© The Author(s) 2022. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the British Society for Rheumatology. All rights reserved. For permissions, please email: journals.permissions@oup.com.)

Published
2023
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32. The value of separate detection of anti-Ro52, anti-Ro60 and anti-SSB/La reactivities in relation to diagnosis and phenotypes in primary Sjögren's syndrome.

Author

Deroo L, Achten H, De Boeck K, Genbrugge E, Bauters W, Roels D, Dochy F, Creytens D, Deprez J, Van den Bosch F, Elewaut D, and Peene I

Subjects
Humans, Autoantigens, Autoantibodies, Antibodies, Antinuclear, Salivary Glands, Phenotype, Sjogren's Syndrome diagnosis
Abstract

Objectives: Autoantibody detection is an essential step in pSS diagnosis. However, the value of separate anti-Ro52, anti-Ro60 and anti-SSB/La detection in pSS diagnosis and phenotyping has not been extensively studied. This study aimed to explore disease characteristics of anti-SSA/Ro positive, suspected and definite pSS patients, in relation to serological profiles based on anti-Ro52, anti-Ro60 and anti-SSB/La reactivity., Methods: Of 187 anti-SSA/Ro positive patients included in the Belgian Sjögren's Syndrome Transition Trial (BeSSTT), 155 were considered definite pSS patients, due to fulfilment of the 2016 ACR-EULAR classification criteria, and 32 suspected, due to reactivity against SSA/Ro without presence of other criteria. None of the patients met any of the ACR-EULAR exclusion criteria for pSS. Patients were grouped based on the presence of anti-Ro52, anti-Ro60 and anti-SSB/La antibodies., Results: Mono-reactivity against Ro60 or Ro52, double reactivity against Ro52/Ro60 and triple reactivity against Ro52/Ro60 and SSB was detected in respectively 30, 23, 70 and 60 patients. Mono-anti-Ro60 positive patients showed the least pSS features. Mono-anti-Ro52 positive patients reported a significantly higher dryness burden (p=0.016) and tended toward more salivary gland ultrasound (SGUS) abnormalities (p=0.054) than mono-anti-Ro60 positives. Double positive patients showed similar characteristics as mono-anti-Ro52 positive patients, whereas triple positive patients showed lowest unstimulated salivary flow rates (p=0.002) and Schirmer tests (p=0.002), highest ocular staining scores (p<0.001), most positive labial salivary gland biopsies (p=0.039), most laboratory abnormalities compatible with B-cell hyperactivity and highest SGUS scores (p<0.001) compared to other patient groups., Conclusions: These data indicate that separate detection of anti-Ro52, anti-Ro60 and anti-SSB/La reactivity is not only relevant towards pSS diagnosis, but markedly aids in patient stratification and evaluation of disease burden. Our results suggest a stepwise model in which mono-reactivity against Ro60 displayed the least objective and subjective glandular pSS features, whereas glandular abnormalities and signs of B-cell hyperactivity were most present in patients showing triple reactivity against Ro60, Ro52 and SSB/La.

Published
2022
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33. Discriminative power of salivary gland ultrasound in relation to symptom-based endotypes in suspected and definite primary Sjögren's Syndrome.

Author

Deroo L, Achten H, De Boeck K, Genbrugge E, Bauters W, Roels D, Dochy F, Creytens D, De Craemer AS, Van den Bosch F, Elewaut D, and Peene I

Subjects
Cohort Studies, Fatigue, Humans, Salivary Glands diagnostic imaging, Ultrasonography methods, Sjogren's Syndrome diagnosis
Abstract

Objectives: Salivary gland ultrasound (SGUS) is emerging as essential tool in primary Sjögren's Syndrome (pSS), but its link to symptom-based endotypes is unknown. Therefore, we explored SGUS outcomes in relation to endotypes in patients with definite and suspected pSS., Methods: Definite pSS patients (n = 171) fulfilling the 2016 ACR/EULAR classification criteria, and suspected pSS patients (n = 119), positive for at least one criterion, were included in the Belgian Sjögren's Syndrome Transition Trial (BeSSTT). Stratification into endotypes according to the Newcastle Sjögren's Stratification Tool resulted in low symptom burden (LSB), pain dominant with fatigue (PDF), dryness dominant with fatigue (DDF) and high symptom burden (HSB). SGUS was assessed with Hocevar score (0-48). The dataset was randomly divided into a discovery (n = 203) and replication (n = 87) cohort., Results: SGUS had strong discriminative power for pSS classification (AUC=0.74), especially in DDF (AUC=0.89). In definite pSS, Hocevar scores in DDF were high compared to other endotypes (38 (20-44) versus 18 (9-33); p < 0.001). Patients with highest SGUS-scores showed more sicca and laboratory abnormalities. Moreover, a subset of young, anti-SSA/Ro positive patients not fulfilling classification criteria showed clear SGUS abnormalities. Replication showed similar results., Conclusions: SGUS-scores were significantly higher in definite pSS with DDF endotype, providing the first evidence of imaging abnormalities in salivary glands matching distinct biological profiles ascribed to pSS endotypes. Additionally, a subset of patients with potential early disease was detected based on presence of anti-SSA antibodies and high SGUS-scores. These results underscore the role of SGUS as powerful tool both in pSS classification and stratification., Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest Competing interests: L.D., H.A., K.D.B., E.G., W.B., D.R., F.D., D.C. and A.S.D.C. report no competing interests. F.Vd.B. has received consultancy fee honoraria from Abbvie, Amgen, Eli Lilly, Galapagos, Gilead, Janssen, Merck, Moonlake, Novartis, Pfizer and UCB. D.E. has received consultancy fee honoraria from Abbvie, Amgen, Eli Lilly, Galapagos, Gilead, Janssen, Merck, Novartis, Pfizer and UCB. I.P. has received consultancy and/or speaker fee honoraria from Amgen, Argenx, Galapagos and Novartis; and participated in advisory boards for Astra-Zeneca, Amgen, GSK, Argenx, BMS, Galapagos, UCB and Novartis., (Copyright © 2022 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

Published
2022
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