82 results on '"Achema"'
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2. Impact of COVID-19 Prevention Strategies on the health of individuals living in Nabor Community in Jos, North Central Nigeria
- Author
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Achema, Godwin and Obialor, Blessing Onyinye
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
3. Nonlinear dynamics model of HIV/AIDS: Assessing the impacts of condoms, vaginal microbicides, and optimized treatment
- Author
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Reuben Iortyer Gweryina, Cicik Alfiniyah, Chinwendu Emilian Madubueze, and Kenneth Ojotogba Achema
- Subjects
Nonlinear dynamics model ,HIV/AIDS ,Reproduction number ,Castillo Chavez stability ,Sensitivity analysis ,Optimal control ,Applied mathematics. Quantitative methods ,T57-57.97 - Abstract
HIV/AIDS remains one of the main global causes of morbidity and mortality. While antiretroviral drugs are still the only treatment for HIV patients, their accessibility and efficient delivery in resource-poor nations constitute a major concern, and no epidemiological model has considered this. Based on this, we create a model for HIV/AIDS that considers condoms and vaginal microbicides alongside saturated treatment. We consider the constant control case, in which theoretical results show that the delay factor in the antiretroviral therapy (ART) regimen can induce backward bifurcation, which consequently distorts the global effort to end HIV incidence. We use the Castillo-Chavez stability to ensure that the disease-free equilibrium is globally asymptotically stable whenever the associated reproduction number is less than one. Uncertainty and sensitivity analysis using the Latin hypercube sampling technique was also carried out on the parameters and state variables of the model equations, and the result shows that half of the most highly influential parameters are capable of reducing cases of HIV and AIDS. For time-dependent control cases, our findings suggest that, in countries with low income, directing resources to either condom use or vaginal microbicides is more effective than a regular intake of antiretrovirals alone. Furthermore, results without ART delay have shown to be more effective in HIV control than others where the inaccessibility of the therapy encouraged outbursts of AIDS cases. Thus, as reliable as antiretrovirals are in HIV/AIDS treatment, early administration and regular intake are key to their continued success.
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
4. Nonlinear dynamics model of HIV/AIDS: Assessing the impacts of condoms, vaginal microbicides, and optimized treatment
- Author
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Gweryina, Reuben Iortyer, Alfiniyah, Cicik, Madubueze, Chinwendu Emilian, and Achema, Kenneth Ojotogba
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
5. Effect of Biodegradable Multiple Pesticides on Aquatic Biospecies
- Author
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Ojotogba Achema, Kenneth, primary and Jumai Alhassan, Charity, additional
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
6. A mathematical model for assessing the impact of dual-level toxicity on aquatic biospecies and its optimal control analysis
- Author
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K. O. Achema, D. Okuonghae, and C. J. Alhassan
- Subjects
optimal control ,biodegradable pesticides ,water ,sediments ,aquatic biospecies ,Applied mathematics. Quantitative methods ,T57-57.97 - Abstract
Ecological models have become paramount for assessing the pesticides effect on the function and structure of aquatic ecosystems. The most paramount concerns are assessments of pesticides/toxicants that have the potential to change from one form to another when they are released into the aquatic ecosystem. Optimal control model is formulated from the nonlinear mathematical model for assessing dual-level toxicity of pesticides effect on aquatic species with the goal to minimizing the pesticides concentration in the aquatic species environment and maximizing the aquatic species population. Two control functions were introduced to represent a policy of not allowing pesticides concentration into the aquatic species environment and the removal of those pesticides that are already in the aquatic environment. The resulting optimal controls are characterized in terms of the optimality system and it was solved quantitatively for different scenarios using both forward and backward sweep iterative method with Runge-Kutta fourth order scheme. The result of the system showed different levels of the aquatic species population stability due to the different levels of the pesticides influx. It was also observed that the degradation of pesticides concentration causes pesticides concentration to vary significantly between the water body and the sediment region with significant level effect on the aquatic species.
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
7. Knowledge and Utilisation of Glasgow Coma Scale in the Neurological Assessment of Children among Healthcare Workers in Jos Plateau State, Nigeria
- Author
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Achema, G., primary and Wasat, L.M., additional
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
8. Adolescent pregnancy outcomes in Jos, North Central Nigeria: The roles of disclosure and social support systems
- Author
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Hannah M. Degge, Comfort Z. Olorunsaiye, Timothy A. Achema, Tina O. Ubanyi, and Farida N. Yada
- Subjects
Adolescent pregnancy ,disclosure process ,social support ,parent–child communication ,sexual and reproductive health ,Public aspects of medicine ,RA1-1270 - Abstract
ABSTRACTAdolescent pregnancy is mostly unintended and an indicator of unmet sexual and reproductive health (SRH) needs. In most African cultures, sociocultural and religious expectations of chastity make unintended adolescent pregnancy a traumatic experience. This study examined the roles of disclosure and social support networks in determining adolescent pregnancy outcomes in Jos, Nigeria. Using a qualitative design, we conducted in-depth interviews with 17 young persons aged 16–24 years, recruited through purposive and snowballing sampling methods. Data were analysed using an inductive approach. Informal social support networks, mainly mothers and close friends, played prominent roles in pregnancy disclosure. The fear of unsafe abortion complications and lack of other options forced most participants into early motherhood. Parenting issues also contributed to unintended adolescent pregnancies. Participants noted that adolescent males had better access to contraceptive devices like condoms. Additionally, the absence of formal opportunities for institutional support through education and youth-friendly SRH services constituted barriers to preventing unintended adolescent pregnancies. Considering the important role family plays, preventing unintended adolescent pregnancies requires empowering parents on SRH communication. A gender-based approach to adolescent-friendly SRH services is recommended. The Nigerian government needs to reconsider how to provide contextually-acceptable comprehensive sexuality education to young people.
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
9. OWNERSHIP STRUCTURE AND FINANCIAL REPORTING QUALITY OF LISTED CONSUMER GOODS COMPANIES IN NIGERIA.
- Author
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Friday, Achema and O., Uchenna Clems
- Subjects
CONSUMER goods ,FINANCIAL statements ,INVESTORS ,INVESTOR confidence ,INSTITUTIONAL ownership (Stocks) - Abstract
This study investigates the intricate relationship between ownership structure and financial reporting quality in Nigeria's consumer goods sector, a critical component of the country's economy. As investor confidence and market efficiency hinge on the integrity of financial reporting, understanding the factors that influence its quality is paramount. This research delves into how various ownership structures--including managerial, institutional, and foreign ownership--impact the quality of financial reporting among listed consumer goods companies in Nigeria. Utilizing a sample of fifteen listed consumer goods companies over a ten-year period, this study employs robust econometric techniques to analyse the relationship. The research uses modified Jones model as proxies for financial reporting quality and examines ownership data from Nigeria Exchange Group. Our findings reveal a significant positive relationship between institutional ownership and financial reporting quality, while managerial ownership shows a negative correlation. These results have important implications for regulators, investors, and corporate governance practitioners in Nigeria and similar emerging markets. This study contributes to the existing literature by providing fresh insights into the Nigerian context, offering a nuanced understanding of how ownership structures influence financial reporting practices in a vital economic sector. The findings can inform policy decisions aimed at enhancing the quality of financial reporting and improving the overall transparency and efficiency of Nigeria's capital markets. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
10. GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSION AND ENERGY CONSUMPTION DISCLOSURE ON MARKET COMPETITIVENESS OF LISTED NON-FINANCIAL FIRMS IN NIGERIA.
- Author
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Agbo, Emmanuel, Uchenna, Uwaleke, Achema, and Friday
- Subjects
GREENHOUSE gases ,ENERGY levels (Quantum mechanics) ,GREENHOUSE effect ,ENERGY consumption ,CONSUMPTION (Economics) - Abstract
This study examinedthe effect of Greenhouse Gas emission (GHGD) and energy consumption disclosure (ECDI) on the market competitiveness of listed non-financial firms on the Nigerian Exchange Group (NGX). Market competitiveness was proxied using the market-to-book ratio (MTBR). The study anchored on two theories: 'agency theory' and 'stakeholder theory'. The expost facto research design was used and a purposive sample of thirty-eight non-financial firms listed on the NGX during the study period were selected as the sample. This study utilised secondary sources of data, from annual financial statements retrieved from the MachameRatios® database. The data were analysed using multiple regression techniques. The results showed a significant negative effect of the GHGD on MTBR (p=0.0164); while ECDI had a non-significant positive on the MTBR (p=0.1140) of listed non-financial firms. The study concludes that GHG emissions and energy consumption disclosure affect the market competitiveness of listed non-financial firms in Nigeria. The study recommends that management and boards of non-financial firms should strive for increased transparency and disclosure of Greenhouse Gas emissions by companies. Companies can enhance their reputation among environmentally conscious investors by disclosing their GHG emissions, demonstrating their commitment to sustainability and climate responsibility. The management of non-financial firms should improve the energy consumption disclosure of their activities. Companies can enhance investor trust and confidence by disclosing their energy consumption levels and providing valuable information about their operational efficiency and resource management practices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
11. A spatial nonlinear mathematical model of malaria transmission dynamics using vector control strategies
- Author
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Alhassan, C. J., primary and Achema, K. O., additional
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
12. FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT ON EMPLOYMENT GENERATION IN NIGERIA.
- Author
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Omolara, Akinnigbagbe and Friday, Achema
- Subjects
FOREIGN investments ,JOB creation ,EMPLOYMENT in foreign countries ,JOB vacancies ,INVESTORS - Abstract
The study looks at how foreign direct investment affected employment generation in Nigeria for the past 24 years, from 1999 to 2022. Ex-post research design was used in the study. The Central Bank of Nigeria statistical bulletin was used for the study's data collection. The Augmented Dickey- Fuller (ADF) test was used in the study's unit root test and pre-test analysis. Regression was utilized after analyzing the unit root test. The study discovered a positive and considerable effect of foreign direct investment on employment generation in Nigeria. The study suggested that Government should make concerted efforts to attract more of foreign investors into Nigeria so as to encourage production and generate employment opportunities. Government of Nigeria should ensure that FDI are in major sectors of the economy such as oil and gas, manufacturing and banking. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
13. BOARD INDEPENDENCE BOARD SIZE GENDER DIVERSITY AND FINANCIAL PERFORMANCE OF LISTED INSURANCE FIRMS IN NIGERIA.
- Author
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Yunusa, Acho, Musa, Jibrin Success, and Friday, Achema
- Subjects
INSURANCE companies ,GENDER nonconformity ,RANDOM effects model ,RATE of return ,FINANCIAL performance - Abstract
The effectiveness and efficiency of the board of directors as a monitoring tool for the management of an organization is essential to the performance of the firms. Given that board efficiency is subject to its structure, it, therefore, becomes imperative for studies to empirically ascertain board independence board size gender diversity and financial performance of listed insurance firms in Nigeria. The population comprises all the quoted insurance firms in Nigeria while the filtering technique was used to arrive at a sample size of twenty-three (23) listed insurance firms in Nigeria. The hypotheses were tested using a robust random effect regression model after conducting some diagnostics tests. The results of the first model show that board size, gender diversity, and board independence have a significant positive relationship with the return on equity of listed insurance firms in Nigeria. The study recommends among others, that the insurance firms should constitute a small board size that is drawn from those who are well experienced and knowledgeable in the industry to bring their expertise to bear and enhance the financial performance of the firms in Nigeria. The firm size should not be put into consideration when making decisions regarding board structure as it does not influence the relationship between most board structure variables and the financial performance of insurance firms in Nigeria. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
14. Adolescent pregnancy outcomes in Jos, North Central Nigeria: The roles of disclosure and social support systems
- Author
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Degge, Hannah M., primary, Olorunsaiye, Comfort Z., additional, Achema, Timothy A., additional, Ubanyi, Tina O., additional, and Yada, Farida N., additional
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
15. Adolescent pregnancy outcomes in Jos, North Central Nigeria: The roles of disclosure and social support systems
- Author
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Hannah M. Degge, Comfort Z. Olorunsaiye, Timothy A. Achema, Tina O. Ubanyi, and Farida N. Yada
- Subjects
Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health - Abstract
Adolescent pregnancy is mostly unintended and an indicator of unmet sexual and reproductive health (SRH) needs. In most African cultures, sociocultural and religious expectations of chastity make unintended adolescent pregnancy a traumatic experience. This study examined the roles of disclosure and social support networks in determining adolescent pregnancy outcomes in Jos, Nigeria. Using a qualitative design, we conducted in-depth interviews with 17 young persons aged 16-24 years, recruited through purposive and snowballing sampling methods. Data were analysed using an inductive approach. Informal social support networks, mainly mothers and close friends, played prominent roles in pregnancy disclosure. The fear of unsafe abortion complications and lack of other options forced most participants into early motherhood. Parenting issues also contributed to unintended adolescent pregnancies. Participants noted that adolescent males had better access to contraceptive devices like condoms. Additionally, the absence of formal opportunities for institutional support through education and youth-friendly SRH services constituted barriers to preventing unintended adolescent pregnancies. Considering the important role family plays, preventing unintended adolescent pregnancies requires empowering parents on SRH communication. A gender-based approach to adolescent-friendly SRH services is recommended. The Nigerian government needs to reconsider how to provide contextually-acceptable comprehensive sexuality education to young people.
- Published
- 2022
16. Studies on fecundity and spawning of blue crab (Callinectes Amnicola) in Cross River Estuary
- Author
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S.M. Ameh, O.K. Achema, and J. Otoyo
- Subjects
Gonadosomatic Index ,geography ,Animal science ,Callinectes ,Amnicola ,geography.geographical_feature_category ,biology ,Range (biology) ,Cross river ,Estuary ,Carapace ,Fecundity ,biology.organism_classification - Abstract
Studies on identification of species, fecundity and development stages of blue crab, (Callinectes amnicola) were investigated at the Cross River Estuary between the months of December, 2018 and May, 2019. The parameters used for the study were gonadosomatic and hepatosomatic indices, egg diameter and counts. All measurements followed standard procedures. Gonadosomatic index was at its peak in December (88.9) and April (83.3). This coincided with the peak in egg size suggesting that spawning occurred twice within the period.The low values of hepatosomatic index around December (1.20) and April (0.45) added to confirm the spawning in these months. The species spawns at a mean egg size of 17.55mm. The dimension of crabs examined were in the following range: carapace length 40.0 to 70.0mm, carapace width, 5.0 to 60mm and body weight 40.0 to 140.0g. The relationship between fecundity and weight of crab was significant (r = 0.295: p
- Published
- 2021
17. Liquidity Management and Profitability of Listed Deposit Money Banks in Nigeria
- Author
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Friday Achema, Terzungwe Nyor, Agbi, Samuel Eniola, and Yahaya, Onipe Adabenege
- Subjects
Deposit Money Banks, Liquidity Management, Profitability, Nigeria - Abstract
The issue of liquidity management is very vital to the existence and survival of any organization especially the deposit money banks. The policy of maintaining adequate liquidity always to meet customer’s obligation in the banking sector cannot be over- emphasized. Therefore, this study examines the effect of liquidity management on profitability of listed deposit money banks (DMBs) in Nigeria This study employed correlational research design. The design was employed because it enables an assessment into the nature and extent of relationship between two or more variables. The population comprises all the 14 listed DMBs in Nigeria but was reduced to 12 listed DMBs in Nigeria with the application of filtering technique. Panel data were gathered from secondary sources, specifically from the audited and published annual reports of the DMBs from 2007 to 2020. Panel regression research was employed in analyzing the data where profitability was measured by return on assets (ROA). The results indicate that liquidity management has positive but insignificant effect on Return of Assets of selected banks.
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
18. Influence of Religious Beliefs and Practices on the Care Given to Children Living with HIV and AIDS in North Central Nigeria: A Qualitative Analysis
- Author
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Achema G
- Subjects
AIDS ,Religion ,Beliefs ,Practices ,HIV ,Care ,Children - Abstract
Religion creates a platform for correcting erroneous beliefs among people involved in the care of people living with HIV and AIDS in a bid to establish an appropriate care perspective. The purpose of this research was to analyse how religious beliefs and practices affect acceptance and cooperation with the care of children living with HIV. A qualitative research method with a grounded theory approach was adopted and children living with HIV, their caregivers, nurse practitioners and stakeholders participated in the study. The study was conducted at two hospitals and two agencies for the control of AIDS, with focus group discussions and individual interviews. Data analysis employed Strauss and Corbin's grounded theory approach of open, axial and selective coding. The major themes identified include: 1) Acceptance of care by religious beliefs and practices; 2) Facilitation of care by religious belief systems; 3) commitment to care by religious leaders; 4) Activities of Muslim fasting, and 5) Influence of polygamy and Christian teaching on prayer for healing of HIV and AIDS. The study highlighted a good collaborative network among Christian and Muslim religious faiths in enhancing acceptance, thereby facilitating cooperation with the care. It is therefore recommended that various religious organizations should partner with programs that can assist the children living with HIV.  
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
19. Effect of Biodegradable Multiple Pesticides on Aquatic Biospecies
- Author
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Kenneth Ojotogba Achema and Charity Jumai Alhassan
- Abstract
The subject of pesticides usage has become a serious threat to sound ecological sustainability. In this regard, the effects of biodegradable multiple pesticides on aquatic biospecies have been discussed in detail. They are always different forms of pesticides in the aquatic environment. These pesticides are bioavailable in both water body and sediments, and the aquatic species do feed on water and sediment materials. The pesticides are also capable to bioaccumulate and biomagnify along the food chain. These attributes pose serious risks to human health and the sound ecological system that is needed for life sustainability. Cancer, infertility, lesions, headache, dizziness, eye irritation, vomiting, dermal diseases, and gastrointestinal problems have been observed as the direct pesticides effects on biological populations in several countries. The needs for different safety guidelines required for pesticides manufacturing and usage have been recommended.
- Published
- 2022
20. Performance Evaluation of Crushed Glass in Stabilizing Lateritic Soil for Road Pavement Layers
- Author
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Akanbi Do, Bakam Va, Achema F, and Sule E
- Subjects
Materials science ,General Medicine - Published
- 2021
21. Predictors of tuberculosis knowledge among mothers of under-fives, seen at Bingham University Teaching Hospital, Jos Nigeria
- Author
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Asuke, Sunday, primary, Isah, Haroun Omeiza, additional, Jimoh, Adenike Oluwayemisi, additional, and Achema, Timothy, additional
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
22. Mathematical Assessments of the E�ect of Dual-level Toxicity of Biodegradable Pesticides on Aquatic Population
- Author
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Achema, Kenneth Ojotogba
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
23. A mathematical model for assessing the impact of dual-level toxicity on aquatic biospecies and its optimal control analysis
- Author
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Achema, K. O., primary, Okuonghae, D., additional, and Alhassan, C. J., additional
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
24. Exploring family-centered care for children living with HIV and AIDS in Nigeria
- Author
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ACHEMA, Godwin and NCAMA, Busisiwe P.
- Published
- 2016
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
25. Adolescent pregnancy outcomes in Jos, North Central Nigeria: The roles of disclosure and social support systems.
- Author
-
Degge, Hannah M., Olorunsaiye, Comfort Z., Achema, Timothy A., Ubanyi, Tina O., and Yada, Farida N.
- Subjects
HEALTH education ,SOCIAL support ,SOCIAL networks ,INTERVIEWING ,FEAR ,SELF-disclosure ,PREGNANCY outcomes ,QUALITATIVE research ,ABORTION laws ,MOTHERHOOD ,PARENTING ,CONTRACEPTIVES ,SEX education ,FAMILY roles ,TEENAGE pregnancy ,SOUND recordings ,HEALTH ,RESEARCH funding ,METROPOLITAN areas ,JUDGMENT sampling ,STATISTICAL sampling ,CONDOMS ,PARENT-child relationships ,THEMATIC analysis ,GENDER specific care ,UNPLANNED pregnancy ,SEXUAL health ,REPRODUCTIVE health - Abstract
Adolescent pregnancy is mostly unintended and an indicator of unmet sexual and reproductive health (SRH) needs. In most African cultures, sociocultural and religious expectations of chastity make unintended adolescent pregnancy a traumatic experience. This study examined the roles of disclosure and social support networks in determining adolescent pregnancy outcomes in Jos, Nigeria. Using a qualitative design, we conducted in-depth interviews with 17 young persons aged 16–24 years, recruited through purposive and snowballing sampling methods. Data were analysed using an inductive approach. Informal social support networks, mainly mothers and close friends, played prominent roles in pregnancy disclosure. The fear of unsafe abortion complications and lack of other options forced most participants into early motherhood. Parenting issues also contributed to unintended adolescent pregnancies. Participants noted that adolescent males had better access to contraceptive devices like condoms. Additionally, the absence of formal opportunities for institutional support through education and youth-friendly SRH services constituted barriers to preventing unintended adolescent pregnancies. Considering the important role family plays, preventing unintended adolescent pregnancies requires empowering parents on SRH communication. A gender-based approach to adolescent-friendly SRH services is recommended. The Nigerian government needs to reconsider how to provide contextually-acceptable comprehensive sexuality education to young people. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
26. "It's like being involved in a car crash": teen pregnancy narratives of adolescents and young adults in Jos, Nigeria.
- Author
-
Olorunsaiye, Comfort Z, Degge, Hannah M, Ubanyi, Tina O, Achema, Timothy A, and Yaya, Sanni
- Subjects
TEENAGE pregnancy ,YOUNG adults ,ABORTION ,TRAFFIC accidents ,HEALTH education ,PRENATAL depression - Abstract
Background Adolescent pregnancy has serious public health implications, with far-reaching outcomes extending past the mother and child and affecting society. The purpose of this study was to explore the lived experience of adolescent pregnancy in Jos, Nigeria. Methods We conducted in-depth interviews with 17 adolescents and young women ages 16–24 y in Jos, Nigeria who had experienced at least one teenage pregnancy. Participants were purposively recruited; each provided written informed consent before interviewing. We identified codes and themes using an inductive analytic approach. Results Among the 17 participants, 14 had never been married and 10 had completed senior secondary school. Participants commonly associated adolescent pregnancy with inappropriate behaviour, immaturity and premarital childbearing. The main risk factors for adolescent pregnancy were lack of sexual and reproductive health education and parental communication. Pregnancy evoked feelings of fear, shame, anxiety and depression. Most pregnancies resulted in live births, while some participants had stillbirths or induced abortion. Some participants successfully completed their education post-pregnancy. Conclusions Adolescents in this study lacked adequate sexual and reproductive health education that could empower them to make informed decisions and take action regarding their sexual and reproductive health. Multifaceted actions to address reproductive health education gaps can contribute to reducing adolescent pregnancy in Nigeria. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
27. “It's like being involved in a car crash”: teen pregnancy narratives of adolescents and young adults in Jos, Nigeria
- Author
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Olorunsaiye, Comfort Z, primary, Degge, Hannah M, additional, Ubanyi, Tina O, additional, Achema, Timothy A, additional, and Yaya, Sanni, additional
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
28. Studies on fecundity and spawning of blue crab (Callinectes Amnicola) in Cross River Estuary
- Author
-
Otoyo, J., primary, Ameh, S.M., additional, and Achema, O.K., additional
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
29. 'It's like being involved in a car crash': teen pregnancy narratives of adolescents and young adults in Jos, Nigeria
- Author
-
Timothy A Achema, Tina O Ubanyi, Sanni Yaya, Hannah M. Degge, and Comfort Z. Olorunsaiye
- Subjects
Adult ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Health (social science) ,Adolescent ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Sexual Behavior ,Shame ,Nigeria ,Sex Education ,Abortion ,Young Adult ,Informed consent ,Pregnancy ,medicine ,Humans ,Psychiatry ,Reproductive health ,media_common ,Teenage pregnancy ,business.industry ,Public health ,Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health ,General Medicine ,medicine.disease ,Pregnancy in Adolescence ,Anxiety ,Female ,medicine.symptom ,Psychology ,business - Abstract
Background Adolescent pregnancy has serious public health implications, with far-reaching outcomes extending past the mother and child and affecting society. The purpose of this study was to explore the lived experience of adolescent pregnancy in Jos, Nigeria. Methods We conducted in-depth interviews with 17 adolescents and young women ages 16–24 y in Jos, Nigeria who had experienced at least one teenage pregnancy. Participants were purposively recruited; each provided written informed consent before interviewing. We identified codes and themes using an inductive analytic approach. Results Among the 17 participants, 14 had never been married and 10 had completed senior secondary school. Participants commonly associated adolescent pregnancy with inappropriate behaviour, immaturity and premarital childbearing. The main risk factors for adolescent pregnancy were lack of sexual and reproductive health education and parental communication. Pregnancy evoked feelings of fear, shame, anxiety and depression. Most pregnancies resulted in live births, while some participants had stillbirths or induced abortion. Some participants successfully completed their education post-pregnancy. Conclusions Adolescents in this study lacked adequate sexual and reproductive health education that could empower them to make informed decisions and take action regarding their sexual and reproductive health. Multifaceted actions to address reproductive health education gaps can contribute to reducing adolescent pregnancy in Nigeria.
- Published
- 2021
30. Performance Evaluation of Crushed Glass in Stabilizing Lateritic Soil for Road Pavement Layers
- Author
-
DO, Akanbi, primary, E, Sule, additional, F, Achema, additional, and VA, Bakam, additional
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
31. Predictors of tuberculosis knowledge among mothers of under-fives, seen at Bingham University Teaching Hospital, Jos Nigeria
- Author
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Sunday Asuke, Haroun Omeiza Isah, Adenike Oluwayemisi Jimoh, and Timothy Achema
- Subjects
Adult ,Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice ,Universities ,Mothers ,Nigeria ,General Medicine ,Microbiology ,Infectious Diseases ,Cross-Sectional Studies ,Virology ,Child, Preschool ,Surveys and Questionnaires ,Humans ,Tuberculosis ,Parasitology ,Female ,Child ,Hospitals, Teaching - Abstract
Introduction: Globally, tuberculosis still remains a disease of public health concern and accounts for high morbidity and mortality particularly in developing countries, where it is fuelled by a number of factors. Methodology: Through a cross-sectional descriptive study, this study aims to determine the predictors of knowledge about TB among 261 mothers of children under 5 years of age attending Child Welfare Clinic, Bingham University Teaching Hospital, Jos, Plateau State, Nigeria. Results: The mean age of the mothers was 31.54 ± 5.28 years, and 249 (98.4%) aware of TB. About two-third having sufficient knowledge and positive attitude regarding TB. Significant statistical association was found between knowledge and attainment of post-secondary education (OR 4.0; 95% CI 12.09, 7.63; p ˂ 0.001), monthly income ≤ 25,000 naira (OR 2.18; 95% CI 1.02, 4.65; p = 0.042), monthly income > 51,000 naira (OR 3.24; 95% CI 1.43, 7.31; p = 0.005), women engaged in business (OR 0.43; 95% CI 0.22, 0.83; p = 0.012) and possessing positive attitude (OR 3.87; 95% CI 2.16, 6.93; p ˂ 0.001) in the univariate analysis. However, in the multivariate logistic regression, it was only attitude that was found to be a predictor of TB knowledge of mothers. Conclusions: TB knowledge among the mothers was high, only attitude regarding thoughts and beliefs about TB was found as an independent predictor of TB knowledge. With the positive influence of attitude on knowledge among the mothers, it is recommended that this be strengthened for sustenance to prevent further infection.
- Published
- 2020
32. Effect of Biodegradable Multiple Pesticides on Aquatic Biospecies
- Author
-
Ojotogba Achema, Kenneth and Jumai Alhassan, Charity
- Subjects
Technology & Engineering / Agriculture - Abstract
The subject of pesticides usage has become a serious threat to sound ecological sustainability. In this regard, the effects of biodegradable multiple pesticides on aquatic biospecies have been discussed in detail. They are always different forms of pesticides in the aquatic environment. These pesticides are bioavailable in both water body and sediments, and the aquatic species do feed on water and sediment materials. The pesticides are also capable to bioaccumulate and biomagnify along the food chain. These attributes pose serious risks to human health and the sound ecological system that is needed for life sustainability. Cancer, infertility, lesions, headache, dizziness, eye irritation, vomiting, dermal diseases, and gastrointestinal problems have been observed as the direct pesticides effects on biological populations in several countries. The needs for different safety guidelines required for pesticides manufacturing and usage have been recommended.
- Published
- 2020
33. Dual-level toxicity assessment of biodegradable pesticides to aquatic species
- Author
-
Achema, K.O., primary, Okuonghae, D., additional, and Tongo, I., additional
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
34. Households’ Consumption, Oil Price, Exchange Rate and Inflation in Oil Exporting Countries: Evidence from the OPEC
- Author
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Ishemu Zumba, Yunana, Gift Adeshola, Funmilayo, Unajin Mankilik, Jane, Etu Achema, Ezekiel, Ishemu Zumba, Yunana, Gift Adeshola, Funmilayo, Unajin Mankilik, Jane, and Etu Achema, Ezekiel
- Abstract
We use annual data for the period 1995-2017 to examine the impact of consumption of households, exchange rate and oil price on inflation in the Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC). We utilize full sample size – all the OPEC member countries for the study and panel Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) model. The Mean Group (MG) and the Pooled Mean Group (PMG) were used to estimate the panel ARDL model, after which we choose the efficient estimator. Brent oil price is used for the main estimation, afterwards, we carry out robustness check using WTI oil price. Our evidence establishes that the estimates are not sensitive to the oil price used. Besides, our findings reveal that oil price and exchange rate are not major determinants of inflation in the short run. Also, we find final demand for goods and services (households’ consumption) to be weak in promoting inflation in both the short and long run. In the long run however, oil price and exchange rate are key factors that cause inflation in the OPEC. We therefore conclude that in the long run, oil price and exchange rate determine inflation in the OPEC while households’ consumption is not a main driver of inflation in these countries. Thus, we recommend that oil proceeds be channeled to the real sectors of the OPEC as well as the formulation and implementation of policies capable of strengthening the value of currencies of the OPEC member countries.
- Published
- 2019
35. Dual-level toxicity assessment of biodegradable pesticides to aquatic species
- Author
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K.O. Achema, I. Tongo, and D. Okuonghae
- Subjects
0106 biological sciences ,education.field_of_study ,010604 marine biology & hydrobiology ,Ecological Modeling ,Aquatic ecosystem ,Nonlinear stability ,Population ,Pesticide ,010603 evolutionary biology ,01 natural sciences ,Structure and function ,Aquatic species ,Environmental chemistry ,Toxicity ,Environmental science ,education ,Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics - Abstract
The use of ecological models to assess the effects of pesticides on the structure and function of aquatic ecosystems is of growing interest. Of utmost concern is assessment of pesticides that have the potential to biodegrade into metabolites that are as toxic as the parent pesticide. In this work, a mathematical model to predict and evaluate the effect of two pesticides on the population of aquatic biospecies where both pesticides are bio-available in water and sediments with one of the pesticides capable of biodegrading into the other but not vice versa is formulated and analyzed. Conditions for nonlinear stability, instability and Hopf-bifurcation are obtained. The model undergoes a Hopf-bifurcation when the rate of discharge of pesticides crosses a critical value, so that the population of the aquatic species follows an oscillatory pattern. Four hypotheses involving the concentration of the pesticides and the population of the aquatic species where qualitatively investigated: the aquatic species will completely die out with time, the population of the aquatic biospecies will remain under certain conditions, the pesticide will continually remain in water and there will be a periodic variation in the population of the aquatic species over time. Results also indicate that the biodegradation potential of one of the pesticides had significant effect on the population dynamics of the aquatic species.
- Published
- 2021
36. Exploring family-centered care for children living with HIV and AIDS in Nigeria
- Author
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Godwin Achema and Busisiwe P. Ncama
- Subjects
030504 nursing ,Research and Theory ,Poverty ,business.industry ,Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) ,medicine.disease_cause ,medicine.disease ,Focus group ,Grounded theory ,Family centered care ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Nursing ,Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) ,medicine ,030212 general & internal medicine ,Basic needs ,0305 other medical science ,business ,Qualitative research - Abstract
Aim To explored the role of family-centered care in supporting children living with HIV and AIDS in Nigeria. Methods A qualitative research design was adopted for this study with a grounded theory approach. Children aged between 11 and 14 years living with HIV and AIDS, their caregivers, and nurse practitioners working in the HIV clinic were engaged in separate focus group discussions in two hospitals in Nigeria. Results The findings showed that the value African families place on children plays a significant role in identifying their care needs and providing their basic necessities; hence, people around the sick child tend to make him feel better, as attested by nurse practitioners and caregiver participants. Nurse practitioner participants cited unified families as providing care support and love to the children and the support needed to alleviate their sicknesses. Children participants confirmed that family members/relatives were always at their disposal to provide supportive care in terms of administrating antiretroviral medication as well as other psychological care; although a few participants indicated that disruption in family structures in resource-poor settings, isolation and withdrawal, and deprivation of care due to poverty threatened the care rendered to the children. Conclusion The study highlighted the value attached to children in the African context as helping family members to identify the care needs of children living with HIV and AIDS; thereby providing succor to alleviate their sicknesses and enhance their quality of life.
- Published
- 2016
37. VERTICAL TRANSMISSION AND THE DYNAMICS OF HIV/AIDS IN A GROWING POPULATION
- Author
-
Achema, Kenneth Ojotogba
- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
38. MATERNAL HEALTH PROFILE IN A RURAL COMMUNITY OF NORTH-WESTERN NIGERIA: DESCRIPTIVE OUTCOME OF A COMMUNITY DIAGNOSIS.
- Author
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ISAH, H. O., ACHEMA, T., and OLORUNSAIYE, C. Z.
- Subjects
- *
MATERNAL health services , *RURAL health , *HEALTH facilities , *PRENATAL care , *POSTNATAL care , *RURAL health clinics - Abstract
Despite the evolving reduction in maternal mortality globally, high rates still exist in developing countries, mainly from preventable causes. Factors contributing to these preventable maternal deaths include low literacy, frequent or too-early pregnancies, poor maternal and reproductive health care, pregnancy complications, weak health system and poverty. A survey to assess the profile of maternal health and health services was carried out amongst 1,947 mothers in Kaura LGA, Kaduna State, North-western Nigeria. The mean age of respondents was 29.7±9.5 years, maternal literacy rate was 88.4%, and 68.3% engaged in various income generation activities. Mean age at first pregnancy was 21.7±4.5 years with 73.4% being pregnant by 24 years of age. About 73.2% of the women had between 1 to 4 children. Antenatal care (ANC) booking was predominantly in the second trimester (72.2%). However, 62.8% reported having attended more than 4 ANC visits. Health facility remains the main outlet for ANC service uptake (93.7%), delivery services (79.3%), and skilled supervision during delivery (83.5%). However, 46.7% did not access postnatal care. Obstetrics-related complications were fever (probably from infection), excessive vomiting and pre-eclampsia. Awareness of contraceptive methods was 88.1% with 41.1% utilization rate, and implant (39.7%) with injectables (35.0%) being the dominant methods in use. This study reveals comparatively impressive maternal health care utilization profile, unusual in a typical rural community. These findings may be attributable to observed satisfactory socio-demographic outlook, health seeking behavior and service availability. Improvement in contraceptive and postnatal service uptake is recommended. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2019
39. Dysmenorrhoea: Pain relief strategies among a cohort of undergraduates in Nigeria
- Author
-
Solomon Musa Gimba, G Achema, Andy Emmanuel, B.B. Afoi, IO Ifere, and MJ Mafuyai
- Subjects
Response rate (survey) ,medicine.medical_specialty ,business.industry ,Pain relief ,Alternative medicine ,During menstruation ,Surgery ,Quality of life ,Cohort ,medicine ,Physical therapy ,Severe pain ,Menstrual pain ,business - Abstract
Background : Most women experience some pain during menstruation. This pain most times affects their normal daily activity and quality of life depending on its duration and severity. There are various strategies used in menstrual pain management which differ with individuals. Aim : This study investigates various management options of dysmenorrhoea among female undergraduates in Nigeria. Methods : A total of 285 questionnaires were distributed in four faculties using purposive and convenience sampling. The response rate was 86%. The returned 245 questionnaires were analysed using frequency tables and chisquare analysis. Results : Findings indicated that the average age of the respondents was 22 years and most (70.6%) of the respondents experienced moderate or severe pain during menstruation. A null hypothesis tested at significant level of 0.05 suggested that relationship between age and pain intensity is not significant. Most (51%) of the respondents reported that dysmenorrhoea limits their activities. Conclusion : The various strategies adopted by the females are drugs, relaxation/rest, warm bath, exercise, diet modification and herbal remedies but the most effective are drugs, warm bath, rest and exercise. The most widely used strategies of pain relief were drugs, exercise, warm bath and rest. It was recommended that, both health workers and women should adopt a multidisciplinary approach in managing dysmenorrhoea. This is because respondents combine various methods to achieve results. Key words : Dysmenorrhoea, relief, female, age, Nigeria, undergraduates
- Published
- 2013
40. Monitoring 50/60Hz Grid Coupling – A Study In Conjunction with Wind-Energy Feed to Main Grids
- Author
-
Egbunu, Achema Hosea
- Abstract
This master thesis is about investigating and comparing findings for different voltage control strategies for the 60Hz grid connection using microcontroller (Arduino). The P-Control, PI-Control, PID control and Open loop control were designed, implemented and their behavior based on setpoint jumps, active power jumps and reactive power jumps, etc were investigated and compared. Different hardware for measurements and varying the excitation current for the 60Hz machine were designed, built, tested and implemented for this project. A comprehensive interface for monitoring and control (Man Machine Interface) for the user was also developed and implemented using web server. This interface is a powerful tool providing advance access to different control strategies, online hardware calibration, data logging and debugging tool. Different software was also used during the project for simulation and data analysis.
- Published
- 2016
41. Evaluation of the use of herbal drugs by pregnant women in Nigeria
- Author
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M. Oguche, G. Achema, and A. Emmanuel
- Subjects
Research design ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Pregnancy ,Traditional medicine ,business.industry ,Alternative medicine ,Descriptive survey ,General Medicine ,medicine.disease ,First trimester ,Second trimester ,Family medicine ,Health care ,Medicine ,business ,Local government area - Abstract
Women are increasingly recognized as the main users of alternative medicine, although data is limited on the extent of women's use of herbal medicine during pregnancy to help with the discomforts of pregnancy and labour. However, questions remain about the safety of many herbal drugs, especially within the first and second trimester. For this reason, this study aimed to ascertain patterns of use of herbal medicinal products by pregnant women in selected health care centers in Enugu South Local Government Area of Enugu State, Nigeria. The study utilized a descriptive survey/research design using a structured questionnaire for data collection. Data were collected from 60 respondents. The findings from the study showed that a greater percentage of the women (58.3%) (n = 35) used herbal drugs in pregnancy-free periods while 41.7% (n = 25) used them in the current pregnancy. The pattern of herbal drug use in pregnancy was irregular, although the first trimester showed the highest percentage (23.3%) (n = 14). When asked for their reasons for using the products, a good number of the pregnant women (n = 27; 45%) asserted it is safer and the majority (n = 33; 55%) said it works better than orthodox medicine. However, half of the women (n = 30; 50%) considered herbal products to be harmful to the baby during pregnancy, and yet 25 of the women (41.7%) were still taking it in their current pregnancy. From the findings of this study, it is recommended that a comprehensive coordinated health approach is needed to provide information about medication in pregnancy and this should be made available and translated into safe and effective use. Proper history taking on drug use (including herbal drugs) should be included in antenatal care sessions in order to exclude the possibility of drug interactions and consequent effects on pregnancy.
- Published
- 2012
42. Analyzing Empathic-Supportive Care Given to Children Living With HIV in Nigeria
- Author
-
Busisiwe P. Ncama and Godwin Achema
- Subjects
Adult ,Male ,Adolescent ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Nigeria ,Empathy ,HIV Infections ,Anxiety ,Vulnerable Populations ,Interviews as Topic ,03 medical and health sciences ,Social support ,0302 clinical medicine ,Quality of life (healthcare) ,Nursing ,Surveys and Questionnaires ,Adaptation, Psychological ,medicine ,Humans ,Active listening ,030212 general & internal medicine ,Child ,Qualitative Research ,media_common ,Advanced and Specialized Nursing ,Stereotyping ,business.industry ,05 social sciences ,050301 education ,Social Support ,Focus Groups ,Middle Aged ,Focus group ,Feeling ,Caregivers ,Quality of Life ,Female ,medicine.symptom ,business ,0503 education ,Qualitative research - Abstract
Vulnerable children living with HIV often face challenges that require supportive care. Our study explored an analysis of empathic-supportive care given to such children. A qualitative research method was adopted with focus group discussions and individual interviews with children, caregivers, nurses, and stakeholders. The findings highlighted that giving a listening ear to the children encouraged them to share their feelings, thereby cushioning the effect of reduced self-worth, withdrawal, and discrimination, and enhancing their general well-being. However, a few of the participants discussed nonacceptance, inadequate food support, and rejection as hampering care. We concluded that giving empathic-compassionate care to children infected with HIV would help them cooperate with the care and cope with the challenges of HIV. It is therefore recommended that caregivers, nurses, and significant others provide holistic care with empathy in care settings.
- Published
- 2015
43. Pain relief strategies for infants taking DPT immunization in health centres
- Author
-
Aae Olaogun, G Achema, and Ba Oyeleye
- Subjects
Pediatrics ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Tetanus ,business.industry ,Diphtheria ,Pain relief ,Breastfeeding ,General Medicine ,medicine.disease ,Interview guide ,Checklist ,Immunization ,medicine ,Observational study ,business - Abstract
This study examined the efficacy of pain relief strategies among infants receiving intramuscular immunization for diphtheria, pertussis and tetanus (DPT) in Kogi east, nigeria. Sixty infants were purposively selected for the study and randomly assigned to one of three intervention groups: breastfeeding, EMLA™ cream and control. The infants in the breastfeeding group were breastfed by their mothers 60 minutes before the immunization, those in the EMLA group had EMLA cream topically applied 60 minutes before the immunization and those in the control group recieved no intervention. An observational checklist and an interview guide were used to collect data, which was then analysed using descriptive and inferential statistics. The findings showed that most breastfed infants (60%) and most of those who had EMLA cream applied (55%) responded moderately to pain. There was a significant difference in the response to pain among the infants in the breastfeeding, EMLA, and control groups (F = 8.326; P < 0.05). Breastfeeding exerted a significant influence on the infants' pain reaction (F = 1.900; P
- Published
- 2011
44. Analyzing Empathic-Supportive Care Given to Children Living With HIV in Nigeria
- Author
-
Achema, Godwin, primary and Ncama, Busisiwe P., additional
- Published
- 2016
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
45. Exploring family-centered care for children living with HIV and AIDS in Nigeria
- Author
-
Godwin, Achema and Busisiwe P, Ncama
- Subjects
Adolescent ,Patient-Centered Care ,Humans ,Nigeria ,Family ,HIV Infections ,Child - Abstract
To explored the role of family-centered care in supporting children living with HIV and AIDS in Nigeria.A qualitative research design was adopted for this study with a grounded theory approach. Children aged between 11 and 14 years living with HIV and AIDS, their caregivers, and nurse practitioners working in the HIV clinic were engaged in separate focus group discussions in two hospitals in Nigeria.The findings showed that the value African families place on children plays a significant role in identifying their care needs and providing their basic necessities; hence, people around the sick child tend to make him feel better, as attested by nurse practitioners and caregiver participants. Nurse practitioner participants cited unified families as providing care support and love to the children and the support needed to alleviate their sicknesses. Children participants confirmed that family members/relatives were always at their disposal to provide supportive care in terms of administrating antiretroviral medication as well as other psychological care; although a few participants indicated that disruption in family structures in resource-poor settings, isolation and withdrawal, and deprivation of care due to poverty threatened the care rendered to the children.The study highlighted the value attached to children in the African context as helping family members to identify the care needs of children living with HIV and AIDS; thereby providing succor to alleviate their sicknesses and enhance their quality of life.
- Published
- 2015
46. Child abuse: Effects on the child and family in selected villages in Enugwu-Ukwu, Njikoka Local Government Area of Anambra, Nigeria
- Author
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Achema, G, Emmanuel, A, and Odinigwe, N
- Subjects
Practices, effects, factors, child abuse, family, villages - Abstract
Background: Child abuse is a major problem that has been living with man and seen by many as one of his day to day activities. Aim: The study aimed to ascertain the practice and effects of child abuse on the child and family in selected villages in Enugwu-Ukwu, Njikoka Local Government Area of Anambra state, and also to identify the factors associated with child abuse among the children. Methods: The study is a descriptive survey design using self-administered interviewer questionnaire. Four villages were purposively sampled for the study; Oruokwe, Awobu, Urukpeleke, and Uruogbo). Systematic sampling technique was adopted in sampling subjects. Results: Findings showed that the most common associated factor with child abuse with parent/guardian is poverty (50.7%) and low social economic status (34.5%). The practices of child abuse are majorly concerned with starving the children (44.2%) and kicking/shaking the children (41.2%). The effects on the child abuse on the child and family could lead the abused children into early marriage (26.5%) and unwanted pregnancy (22.5%). Conclusion: The study indicated that child abuse in Njikoka LGA is due to poverty/low socio-economic status. The practices of child abuse borders on starving the children, kicking/shaking them and that, the effects of child abuse could lead the children into early marriage and/or having unwanted pregnancy. Therefore, social awareness campaign on child abuse and effects should be adopted and effective child abuse laws should be enacted by the government and stiff penalties and sanctions should be melted out to the offenders. Key words: Practices, effects, factors, child abuse, family, villages
- Published
- 2014
47. Effect of Zingiber Officinale (Ginger) on Sodium Arsenite- Induced Reproductive Toxicity in Male Rats
- Author
-
Morakinyo, AO, Achema, PU, and Adegoke, OA
- Abstract
Arsenite is a major environmental chemical and a known reproductive toxicant via the depression of spermatogenesis and androgenesis in males. The possibility of sodium arsenite reproductive toxicity been caused by autooxidation was investigated in this study taking advantage of the anti-oxidant properties of ginger and its androgenic activities. The effect of exposure to sodium arsenite (10 mg/kg BW/day) by gavage via oral cannula without or with aqueous ginger extract (500mg/kg BW/day) co-treatments for 30 days was evaluated in adult male rats. The weight of the reproductive organs, sperm count, motility, and morphology were evaluated. Plasma FSH, LH and testosterone levels were assayed. Lipid peroxidation (indexed by MDA) and antioxidants enzymes likes GSH, SOD, CAT were assessed. Sodium arsenite treatment decreased the reproductive organs weight: testis, epididymis, prostate and seminal vesicle; sperm functions: count, motility and normal morphology; plasma hormones level: FSH, LH and testosterone. There was a decrease in the activities of GSH, SOD and CAT as well as an increase in MDA concentration. Co-administration of aqueous ginger extract with arsenite was found to protect against adverse change in the reproductive organ weight, attenuate the decrease in sperm functions, enhance plasma reproductive hormones level along with increased antioxidants activities and reduced peroxidation. This study showed that sodium arsenite apart from being a hormonal disrupter also causes oxidative stress which contributed to the reproductive damage in the male rats. The protective effects of ginger on reproductive toxicity and oxidative stress as evidenced by the clear restoration of sperm functions, testicular steroidogenesis and reproductive organo-somatic indices could be attributed to its antioxidants and androgenic properties.Key Words: Arsenite, Ginger, Antioxidants and Sperm.
- Published
- 2013
48. Dysmenorrhoea: Pain relief strategies among a cohort of undergraduates in Nigeria
- Author
-
Emmanuel, A, Achema, G, Gimba, SM, Mafuyai, MJ, Afoi, BB, and Ifere, IO
- Subjects
Dysmenorrhoea, relief, female, age, Nigeria, undergraduates - Abstract
Background: Most women experience some pain during menstruation. This pain most times affects their normal daily activity and quality of life depending on its duration and severity. There are various strategies used in menstrual pain management which differ with individuals. Aim: This study investigates various management options of dysmenorrhoea among female undergraduates in Nigeria. Methods: A total of 285 questionnaires were distributed in four faculties using purposive and convenience sampling. The response rate was 86%. The returned 245 questionnaires were analysed using frequency tables and chisquare analysis. Results: Findings indicated that the average age of the respondents was 22 years and most (70.6%) of the respondents experienced moderate or severe pain during menstruation. A null hypothesis tested at significant level of 0.05 suggested that relationship between age and pain intensity is not significant. Most (51%) of the respondents reported that dysmenorrhoea limits their activities. Conclusion: The various strategies adopted by the females are drugs, relaxation/rest, warm bath, exercise, diet modification and herbal remedies but the most effective are drugs, warm bath, rest and exercise. The most widely used strategies of pain relief were drugs, exercise, warm bath and rest. It was recommended that, both health workers and women should adopt a multidisciplinary approach in managing dysmenorrhoea. This is because respondents combine various methods to achieve results. Key words: Dysmenorrhoea, relief, female, age, Nigeria, undergraduates
- Published
- 2013
49. Dysmenorrhoea: Pain relief strategies among a cohort of undergraduates in Nigeria
- Author
-
: Emmanuel, A, primary, Achema, G, additional, Gimba, SM, additional, Mafuyai, MJ, additional, Afoi, BB, additional, and Ifere, I.O, additional
- Published
- 2013
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
50. Ubuntu: Guiding philosophy of care for children with HIV/AIDS in Nigeria.
- Author
-
ACHEMA, G. and NCAMA, B. P.
- Subjects
UBUNTU (Philosophy) ,HIV-positive children ,AIDS in children ,CHILDREN ,CHILD support - Abstract
The Ubuntu spirit of the African people can greatly impact on the care of children living with HIV and AIDS within the society as the network of relationships within the environment provides a therapeutic milieu for the sick and impoverished. The study aimed at ascertaining the guiding philosophy of care for children with HIV and AIDS with a view to appropriate care in the right philosophy and improving the quality of care given to the children. A qualitative research method was adopted for this study with a grounded theory approach and children living with HIV and AIDS, their caregivers, nurse practitioners and Stakeholders in HIV care were engaged with focused group discussions and interviews. The children and caregiver participants posit among the findings that, the caring atmosphere in the African spirit helps in identifying the problems of the sick child; thereby providing the needed support. The nurse practitioners and stakeholders reflected that, the African spirit of Ubuntu beefs up the interests of one another and provide hospitality and further posit the caring pattern to be deep due to the extended family structures; even although, few among the participants reported inadequate response and inaccessible social security systems as factors impinging on the care. The study concluded that the sense of caring and hospitality for children living with HIV and AIDS is enhanced by the spirit of Ubuntu among the African people with their extended family systems; therefore, modern African societies are encouraged to adopt this livelihood in giving supportive care. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2015
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