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The isocratic RP-HPLC method was developed and validated for the analysis of clopidogrel bisulfate counterfeited with acetyl salicylic acid and applied for the determination of clopidogrel bisulfate in pharmaceutical dosage forms. Clopidogrel bisulfate is commonly counterfeited with acetyl salicylic acid and it is not labeled to contain acetyl salicylic acid due to their similar pharmacological effect in inhibiting platelet aggregation. The mobile phase was composed of potassium dihydrogen phosphate buffer 0.02M (pH 2.8) and methanol 30:70 (v/v). The flow rate was 1.5mL/min. The Diode array detector was set at 220 nm. The linearity ranges were 10-70 µg/mL and 6-50 µg/mL for clopidogrel bisulfate and acetyl salicylic acid, respectively. The retention time was 2.5 min and 10.23 min for clopidogrel bisulfate and acetyl salicylic acid, respectively. The method was validated according to ICH guidelines. The developed method was successfully applied for the determination of clopidogrel bisulfate counterfeited with acetyl salicylic acid as well as the estimation of clopidogrel bisulfate in its different dosage forms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study was conducted to evaluate the role of certain abiotic and biotic inducers in inducing cucumber resistance against the root-knot nematode, Meloidogyne incognita, under greenhouse conditions. The abiotic inducers comprised acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) and Indole acetic acid (IAA) while the biotic inducer was Bacillus pumilus (B.P.). The results revealed that, among all treatments, the double combinations of IAA before B.P. by 3 days as well as ASA before B.P.by 3 days showed the best treatments to increase plant resistance against Meloidogyne incognita infection and improved plant vigor based on fresh and dry weights of shoots and roots compared to using them individually and control inoculated non-treated plants. A generalized increase was observed in the peroxidase activities and in proline amino acids and total phenols due to the application of the investigated inducer. The degree of increase differed according to treatment and biochemical aspects. The overproduction of these biochemical aspects may play a part in the induction of plant defenses against nematode infestation. In conclusion, the development of safety control measures by inducing plant resistance will protect a wide range of plant crops against nematode threats and can be used in integrated pest management programs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Zeitschrift für Psychosomatische Medizin und Psychotherapie is the property of Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht GmbH & Co. KG and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The anionic polymer sodium alginate, a linear copolymer of guluronic and mannuronic acids, is primarily present in brown algae. Copolymers are used in the sodium alginate preparation process to confer on the material strength and flexibility. Micelles and other polymeric nanoparticles are frequently made using the triblock copolymer Pluronic® F-127. The purpose of the present study is to determine the effect of sodium alginate's viscosity (low and medium) and the presence of Pluronic® F-127 micelles on the swelling behavior of the prepared pure beads and those loaded with Pluronic® F-127 micelles. The Pluronic® F-127 nanomicelles have a size of 120 nm. The swelling studies were carried out at pH = 1.2 (simulated gastric fluid-SGF) for two hours and at pH = 6.8 (simulated intestinal fluid-SIF) for four more hours. The swelling of both low- and medium-viscosity alginate beads was minor at pH = 1.2, irrespective of the use of Pluronic® F-127 nanomicelles. At pH = 6.8, without Pluronic® F-127, the beads showed an enhanced swelling ratio for the first four hours, which was even higher in the medium-viscosity alginate beads. With the addition of Pluronic® F-127, the beads were dissolved in the first and second hour, in the case of the low- and medium-alginate's viscosity, respectively. In other words, the behavior of the mixed hydrogels was the same during the swelling experiments. Therefore, the presence of Pluronic® F-127 nanomicelles and medium-viscosity sodium alginate leads to a higher swelling ratio. A model drug, acetyl salicylic acid (ASA), was also encapsulated in the mixed beads and ASA's release studies were performed. In conclusion, the prepared systems, which are well characterized, show potential as delivery platforms for the oral delivery of active pharmaceutical ingredients and biopharmaceuticals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Acta Agriculturae Slovenica is the property of Biotechnical Faculty of the University of Ljubljana and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Background: There is limited research on the consumption of aspirin and its effects on bleeding during arteriovenous fistula (AVF) placement surgery and associated complications in end-stage renal disease (ESRD) patients. Regarding the potential risks imposed on cardiac patients by discontinuing aspirin, the aim of the study was to determine whether aspirin should be discontinued prior to AVF placement surgery., Methods: This prospective study was carried out at two referral medical centers from 2023 to 2024. The patients were included as 30 patients who routinely took 80 mg of aspirin daily and 30 patients who did not take aspirin. The primary outcomes included the amount of blood loss, and the secondary outcomes included AVF success and maturation time. The amount of bleeding was assessed by the ΔHb (Hb 1 -Hb 2 ), ΔHCT (HCT 1 -HCT 2 ), and intraoperative hemorrhage volume., Results: Aspirin consumption did not significantly affect any of the examined parameters, including operation duration, hemoglobin decrease, hematocrit decrease, intraoperative hemorrhage, AVF success rate, maturity time, need for blood transfusion, postoperative bleeding, hematoma and thrombosis, hospitalization, and re-Operation ( p  > 0.05)., Conclusion: Aspirin did not have any significant or negative effects across any of the parameters examined. Based on the findings of this study, there is no need to discontinue aspirin in patients prior to upper limb AVF placement surgery, but further studies are recommended., Competing Interests: Declaration of conflicting interestsThe author(s) declared no potential conflicts of interest with respect to the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article.

Abstract Background Often thought of as a minor health concern, sore throat or pharyngitis is an important public health issue. It is one of the most common symptoms of upper respiratory diseases including COVID‐19 and is a leading cause of physician visits and antibiotic prescriptions. However, few over‐the‐counter medications are proven to heal sore throat inflammation. Methods Adenocarcinomic human alveolar basal epithelial cells (A549 cells) and three dimensional organotypic human respiratory tissues were used to study inflammation and various treatment effects on respiratory epithelia. The cells and tissues were studied both in the presence and absence of bradykinin, one of the first inflammatory mediators of pharyngitis. Inflammation was measured by analyzing the levels of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), interleukin 8 (IL‐8), and leukotriene B4 (LTB4), transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER), and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release. Tissue morphology was analyzed by immunohistochemistry. Results In studying pharyngitis using organotypic human respiratory tissue stimulated with bradykinin, we saw an increase in PGE2 and interleukin‐8 (IL‐8) in response to bradykinin. Acetyl salicylic acid (ASA), a nonspecific COX inhibitor, was able to mitigate a bradykinin‐induced increase in PGE2 in our studies. However, ASA was inflammatory above its therapeutic window, increasing the levels of PGE2 and IL‐8 above those seen with bradykinin stimulation alone. We describe a novel, scientifically validated treatment for sore throat, that contains a low dose of ASA and other anti‐inflammatory ingredients. Conclusion This study elucidates the complex mechanisms involved in healing pharyngitis, an inflammatory condition of the upper respiratory epithelia. An ASA‐based formula (Biovanta) mitigated bradykinin‐induced inflammation more strongly than ASA alone in organotypic human respiratory tissues. Surprisingly, we found that many of the most common over the counter sore throat therapies exacerbate inflammation and IL‐8 in organotypic human respiratory tissues, suggesting these common treatments may increase the likelihood of further respiratory complications.

Udaya S Tantry,1 Karsten Schror,2 Eliano Pio Navarese,3 Young-Hoon Jeong,4 Jacek Kubica,3 Kevin P Bliden,1 Paul A Gurbel1 1Sinai Center for Thrombosis Research and Drug Development, Sinai Hospital of Baltimore, LifeBridge Health, Baltimore, MD, USA; 2Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacology, Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany; 3Department of Cardiology and Internal Medicine, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Bydgoszcz, Poland; 4Department of Internal Medicine, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine and Cardiovascular Center, Gyeongsang National University Changwon Hospital, Changwon, South KoreaCorrespondence: Udaya S TantryThrombosis Research Laboratory, Sinai Center for Thrombosis Research and Drug Development, Sinai Hospital of Baltimore, LifeBridge Health, Baltimore, MD, 21215, USATel +1 410-367-2590Fax +1 410-367-2596Email utantry@lifebridgehealth.orgIntroduction: Pharmacologic therapy options for COVID-19 should include antiviral, anti-inflammatory, and anticoagulant agents. With the limited effectiveness, currently available virus-directed therapies may have a substantial impact on global health due to continued reports of mutant variants affecting repeated waves of COVID-19 around the world.Methods: We searched articles pertaining to aspirin, COVID-19, acute lung injury and pharmacology in PubMed and provide a comprehensive appraisal of potential use of aspirin in the management of patients with COVID-19. The scope of this article is to provide an overview of the rationale and currently available clinical evidence that supports aspirin as an effective therapeutic option in COVID-19.Results: Experimental and clinical evidence are available for the potential use of aspirin in patients with COVID-19.Discussion: Aspirin targets the intracellular signaling pathway that is essential for viral replication, and resultant inflammatory responses, hypercoagulability, and platelet activation. With these multiple benefits, aspirin can be a credible adjunctive therapeutic option for the treatment of COVID-19. In addition, inhaled formulation with its rapid effects may enhance direct delivery to the lung, which is the key organ damaged in COVID-19 during the critical initial course of the disease, whereas the 150– 325 mg/day can be used for long-term treatment to prevent thrombotic event occurrences. Being economical and widely available, aspirin can be exploited globally, particularly in underserved communities and remote areas of the world to combat the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic.Keywords: COVID-19, acetyl salicylic acid, platelets, inflammation, lungs, acute respiratory syndrome

In the current study, different combinations of three products (Lithovit-Standard: Litho, monopotassium-phosphate: MKP and acetyl salicylic acid: ASA) were tested on tomato plants irrigated with five saline solutions (2, 4, 6, 8, and 10 dS/m). The aim was to determine the possible complementary effects of these products applied separately and in different sequence at vegetative (11DAT: days after transplantation), flowering (25DAT) and fruit formation (39DAT). Control salt-stress plants were not subjected to product application. The data showed that the combination Asp-Litho-MKP improved total chlorophyll content and reduced the most cell electrolyte leakage compared to control. ASP-MKP-Litho treatment improved fruit number by an average of three to four fruits compared to control at all EC levels and maximized weight of individual fruits under EC 2, 4, and 10 dS/m. Yields in plants treated with ASP-MKP-Litho were higher by almost two to three folds than those of control plants. Plants treated by ASP-MKP-Litho had the highest contents of N, P, K, Ca, and Mg at all ECs. It was concluded that the three products had complementary effects on salt-stressed tomato crop if applied in combination. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Acetyl salicylic acid (ASA) or Aspirin is one of the most widely used drugs in the world; one of its side effects is the male reproductive system alteration. The present study aimed to investigate the effect of moderate intensity aerobic exercise on ASA-induced reproductive system alteration in rats. Materials and Methods: In two stages, fifteen rats (N=15) were randomly divided into control (C, n=5), non-treatment (NT, n=5) and aerobic-treatment (AT, n=5) groups; the AT and NT groups used aspirin 12.5 mg/kg-daily/five weeks. The AT group ran at moderate intensity on a rodent-treadmill/four weeks, five sessions a week. Groups C and NT did not receive any intervention. Serum testosterone level, spermatogenesis indices and sperm parameters of rats were evaluated and the data were analyzed by one-way variance and Tukey post-hoc-test at alpha level 0.05 by SPSS. Results: Data statistical analysis showed that there was a significant difference between the groups in terms of serum testosterone level (P=0.02), sperm quantity (P=0.0001), viability (P=0.001), maturity (P=0.0001), sperm DNA fracture (P=0.002), TDI, SI and RI indices, tubule diameter (P=0.0001), tubular epithelium thickness (P=0.0001) and number of Leydig cells (P=0.003), but there was no significant difference between the groups in terms of sperm motility (P=0.07). Tukey post-hoc-test showed that these differences were between NT and AT groups, but no significant difference was observed between C and AT. Conclusion: It can be concluded that four-week moderate exercise helps accelerate the reproductive conditions recovery to just before taking acetyl salicylic acid (ASA) or Aspirin.

Previous studies showed that vagotomy markedly inhibits alcohol self-administration. Present studies hypothesised that vagotomy significantly adds to the inhibition of alcohol relapse induced by drugs that reduce the alcohol-induced hyperglutamatergic state (e.g., N-acetylcysteine + acetylsalicylic acid). The alcohol relapse paradigm tested gauges the elevated alcohol intake observed in animals that had consumed ethanol chronically, were subjected to a prolonged alcohol deprivation and are subsequently allowed ethanol re-access. Ethanol-drinker rats (UChB) were exposed to 10% and 20% ethanol and water concurrently for 4 months, were alcohol deprived for 14 days and were thereafter allowed re-access to the ethanol solutions. An initial binge-like drinking episode is observed upon ethanol re-access, followed by a protracted elevated ethanol intake that exceeds the predeprivation intake baseline. Prior to ethanol re-access, animals were (i) administered N-acetylcysteine (40 mg/kg/day) + acetylsalicylic acid (15 mg/kg/day), (ii) were bilaterally vagotomised, (iii) were exposed to both treatments or (iv) received no treatments. The initial binge-like relapse intake and a protracted elevated ethanol intake observed after repeated ethanol deprivations/re-access cycles were inhibited by 50%-70% by the administration of N-acetylcysteine + acetylsalicylic acid and by 40%-70% by vagotomy, while the combined vagotomy plus N-acetylcysteine + acetylsalicylic acid treatment inhibited both the initial binge-like intake and the protracted ethanol intake by >95% (p < 0.001), disclosing a dual mechanism of ethanol relapse and subsequent inhibition beyond that induced by either treatment alone. Future exploration into the mechanism by which vagal activity contributes to ethanol relapse may have translational promise. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Bypass graft surgery remains to be an important treatment option for left main and multivessel coronary artery disease. Approximately 2% of saphenous vein grafts are lost immediately after the coronary artery bypass graft operations and 12% in the first month due to thrombosis. Aims: To administer one anticoagulant and two antiplatelet agents in a way that locally affects the vein graft before the bypass operation and to thereby analyse their effects on early graft thrombosis. Study Design: Animal experimentation. Methods: Since ticagrelor was used locally for the first time in this study, its efficacy in combination with other drugs (acetylsalicylic acid, acetylsalicylic acid and ticagrelor, and acetylsalicylic acid + ticagrelor + unfractionated heparin) was examined on rats including control (untreated) and sham (pluronic gel) group (n=14 for each group). Before the tunica adventitia layer of the femoral veins was bypassed to the femoral artery, it was coated with the drug-eluting pluronic F-127 gel. The presence or absence of thrombus in the vein graft samples was recorded under light microscopy. In vein graft preparations where thrombus was detected, the thrombus area (µm2) was calculated using the Axiovision software. Immunohistochemical staining was performed with the anti-rat von Willebrand factor polyclonal antibody kit. Results: The number of preparations containing thrombus was significantly lower in the acetylsalicylic acid + ticagrelor + unfractionated heparin group than in the acetylsalicylic acid, control, and sham groups, according to the comparisons made on the 1st and 3rd days (p=0.001 and 0.02, respectively). von Willebrand factor staining was significantly lower in the acetylsalicylic acid + ticagrelor + unfractionated heparin group than in the other groups on the 3rd day (p=0.005). Conclusion: Locally effective acetylsalicylic acid-ticagrelor-unfractionated heparin complex has been shown to significantly reduce thrombus formation in vein grafts in this experimental model. Local administration of these drugs, which are routinely administered orally just before stent implantations, on the vein graft before the bypass is performed can prevent the loss of vein grafts due to thrombus, thereby reducing the mortality and morbidity of these patients.

Background: Often thought of as a minor health concern, sore throat or pharyngitis is an important public health issue. It is one of the most common symptoms of upper respiratory diseases including COVID-19 and is a leading cause of physician visits and antibiotic prescriptions. However, few over-thecounter medications are proven to heal sore throat inflammation. Methods: Adenocarcinomic human alveolar basal epithelial cells (A549 cells) and three dimensional organotypic human respiratory tissues were used to study inflammation and various treatment effects on respiratory epithelia. The cells and tissues were studied both in the presence and absence of bradykinin, one of the first inflammatory mediators of pharyngitis. Inflammation was measured by analyzing the levels of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), interleukin 8 (IL-8), and leukotriene B4 (LTB4), transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER), and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release. Tissue morphology was analyzed by immunohistochemistry. Results: In studying pharyngitis using organotypic human respiratory tissue stimulated with bradykinin, we saw an increase in PGE2 and interleukin-8 (IL-8) in response to bradykinin. Acetyl salicylic acid (ASA), a nonspecific COX inhibitor, was able to mitigate a bradykinin-induced increase in PGE2 in our studies. However, ASA was inflammatory above its therapeutic window, increasing the levels of PGE2 and IL-8 above those seen with bradykinin stimulation alone. We describe a novel, scientifically validated treatment for sore throat, that contains a low dose of ASA and other anti-inflammatory ingredients. Conclusion: This study elucidates the complex mechanisms involved in healing pharyngitis, an inflammatory condition of the upper respiratory epithelia. An ASA-based formula (Biovanta) mitigated bradykinin-induced inflammation more strongly than ASA alone in organotypic human respiratory tissues. Surprisingly, we found that many of the most common over the counter sore throat therapies exacerbate inflammation and IL-8 in organotypic human respiratory tissues, suggesting these common treatments may increase the likelihood of further respiratory complications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BCS class II drugs have limitation of being water insoluble, hence is less bioavailable. Safety and efficacy of the drug affected by bioactive availability and stability. Active Pharmaceutical Ingredient with excipient cocrystallisation is found to be promising one for not only increasing the solubility but also rate of dissolution and stability. The present work is to co-crystallise Acetyl Salicylic acid (ASA) with Argenine by solvent evaporation. The obtained co-crystals were subjected to physicochemical characterization by FTIR, PXRD, m.pt, SEM, and dissolution study at pH 4 was done. The study showed that Acetyl Salicylic Acid - Argenine co-crystal formed with stability and was having more dissolution rate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Animal & Poultry Production is the property of Egyptian National Agricultural Library (ENAL) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In the present research two experiments were performed to evaluate the effect of pre-harvest salicylic acid (SA), acetyl salicylic acid (ASA), and methyl salicylate (MeSa), applied as a foliar spray to pomegranate “Mollar de Elche,” on crop yield, fruit quality parameters, and bioactive compounds at harvest and during storage. In the 2017 experiment, trees were treated with SA, ASA, and MeSa at 1, 5, and 10 mM and a higher crop yield (kg tree–1 and number of harvested fruit tree–1) and quality parameters (firmness, aril color, and individual sugars and organic acids) at harvest were obtained, as well as a higher concentration of phenolics, anthocyanins, and ascorbic acid. The best results were achieved with 10 mM dose of the three assayed compounds, which was chosen for the 2018 experiment, and results for crop yield and fruit quality attributes were confirmed. These quality traits and the concentration of phenolics, anthocyanins, and ascorbic acid were maintained at higher levels in pomegranate fruit from treated trees than in controls during prolonged storage at 10°C. In addition, the effects of salicylate treatments on increasing total and individual anthocyanin concentration in pomegranate arils led to arils with a deeper red color (Graphical Abstract) and, in turn, fruit that would be more appreciated in the international market. This fact, together with the increased crop yield, would contribute to the increased profit of this crop. Thus, pre-harvest treatment with salicylates, and especially SA at 10 mM concentration, could be a safe, natural, and new tool to improve fruit quality and its content on antioxidant compounds with health beneficial effects (namely, ascorbic acid, phenolics, and anthocyanins) at harvest and during storage.

Introduction: The treatment of acute coronary syndrome (ACS) includes the administration of aspirin. Current guidelines recommend chewing aspirin tablets to increase absorption. While this is intuitive, there are scant data supporting this recommendation. The purpose of this study is to assess which of 3 different aspirin formulations is most rapidly absorbed after ingestion.Methods: A prospective, open-label, 3-way crossover volunteer study at a tertiary university medical center with human subjects 18 years or older. Fasted subjects were randomly assigned to receive aspirin 1,950 mg as (1) solid aspirin tablets swallowed whole, (2) solid aspirin tablet chewed then swallowed, or (3) a chewable aspirin formulation chewed and swallowed. Serum salicylate measurements were obtained over a period of 180 minutes. Pharmacokinetic parameters were determined.Results: Thirteen males and 1 female completed all 3 arms of study. Peak serum salicylate concentrations were seen at 180 minutes in all groups. Mean peaks were 10.4, 11.3, and 12.2 mg/dL in groups 1, 2, and 3, respectively. Mean area under the time concentration was 1,153, 1,401, and 1,743 mg-min/dL in groups 1, 2, and 3, respectively. No measurable salicylate concentrations were seen in 6 subjects in group 1 at 60 minutes as compared to 1 subject in group 2. All subjects in group 3 had measurable levels at 45 minutes. There were no adverse effects in any of the subjects during the study period.Conclusion: Our data demonstrate that the chewable aspirin formulation achieved the most rapid rate of absorption. In addition, the chewable formulation absorption was more complete than the other formulations at 180 minutes. These data suggest that in the treatment of ACS, a chewable aspirin formulation may be preferable to solid tablet aspirin, either chewed or swallowed. [West J Emerg Med. 2011;12(4):381–385.]

Aspirin (acetyl salicylic acid) is widely used co-medication in patients with cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. Given the prevalence of acetyl salicylic acid's use as a co-medication and conflicting reports in the literature on it being a substrate of P-glycoprotein (P-gp). There is a potential risk for its interaction with compounds with P-gp liability, therefore, we have conducted a detailed investigation to determine substrate potential of acetyl salicylic acid towards P-gp. We observed significantly lower cellular uptake of acetyl salicylic acid in MDR1 transfected LLC-PK1 cells compared to LLC-PK1 wild-type (WT) cells, however, the in vitro efflux of acetyl salicylic acid in MDR1 transfected LLC-PK1 cells was not inhibited by known inhibitors under various conditions. Acetyl salicylic acid did not show active asymmetrical transport across MDR1 transfected LLC-PK1 cells compared to LLC-PK1-WT cells in transwell assay. Moreover, no difference in plasma and brain exposure of acetyl salicylic acid and its metabolite salicylic acid was observed between FVB-WT and Mdr1a/b knockout (KO) mice. Taken together, our findings indicate that acetyl salicylic acid is not a substrate of P-gp. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Bypass graft surgery remains to be an important treatment option for left main and multivessel coronary artery disease. Approximately 2% of saphenous vein grafts are lost immediately after the coronary artery bypass graft operations and 12% in the first month due to thrombosis. Aims: To administer one anticoagulant and two antiplatelet agents in a way that locally affects the vein graft before the bypass operation and to thereby analyse their effects on early graft thrombosis. Study Design: Animal experimentation. Methods: Since ticagrelor was used locally for the first time in this study, its efficacy in combination with other drugs (acetylsalicylic acid, acetylsalicylic acid and ticagrelor, and acetylsalicylic acid + ticagrelor + unfractionated heparin) was examined on rats including control (untreated) and sham (pluronic gel) group (n=14 for each group). Before the tunica adventitia layer of the femoral veins was bypassed to the femoral artery, it was coated with the drug-eluting pluronic F-127 gel. The presence or absence of thrombus in the vein graft samples was recorded under light microscopy. In vein graft preparations where thrombus was detected, the thrombus area (µm²) was calculated using the Axiovision software. Immunohistochemical staining was performed with the anti-rat von Willebrand factor polyclonal antibody kit. Results: The number of preparations containing thrombus was significantly lower in the acetylsalicylic acid + ticagrelor + unfractionated heparin group than in the acetylsalicylic acid, control, and sham groups, according to the comparisons made on the 1st and 3rd days (p=0.001 and 0.02, respectively). von Willebrand factor staining was significantly lower in the acetylsalicylic acid + ticagrelor + unfractionated heparin group than in the other groups on the 3rd day (p=0.005). Conclusion: Locally effective acetylsalicylic acid-ticagrelorunfractionated heparin complex has been shown to significantly reduce thrombus formation in vein grafts in this experimental model. Local administration of these drugs, which are routinely administered orally just before stent implantations, on the vein graft before the bypass is performed can prevent the loss of vein grafts due to thrombus, thereby reducing the mortality and morbidity of these patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the present research two experiments were performed to evaluate the effect of preharvest salicylic acid (SA), acetyl salicylic acid (ASA), and methyl salicylate (MeSa), applied as a foliar spray to pomegranate “Mollar de Elche,” on crop yield, fruit quality parameters, and bioactive compounds at harvest and during storage. In the 2017 experiment, trees were treated with SA, ASA, and MeSa at 1, 5, and 10 mM and a higher crop yield (kg tree−1 and number of harvested fruit tree−1) and quality parameters (firmness, aril color, and individual sugars and organic acids) at harvest were obtained, as well as a higher concentration of phenolics, anthocyanins, and ascorbic acid. The best results were achieved with 10 mM dose of the three assayed compounds, which was chosen for the 2018 experiment, and results for crop yield and fruit quality attributes were confirmed. These quality traits and the concentration of phenolics, anthocyanins, and ascorbic acid were maintained at higher levels in pomegranate fruit from treated trees than in controls during prolonged storage at 10°C. In addition, the effects of salicylate treatments on increasing total and individual anthocyanin concentration in pomegranate arils led to arils with a deeper red color (Graphical Abstract) and, in turn, fruit that would be more appreciated in the international market. This fact, together with the increased crop yield, would contribute to the increased profit of this crop. Thus, pre-harvest treatment with salicylates, and especially SA at 10 mM concentration, could be a safe, natural, and new tool to improve fruit quality and its content on antioxidant compounds with health beneficial effects (namely, ascorbic acid, phenolics, and anthocyanins) at harvest and during storage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Aims: In the association between hypercholesterolemia (HC) and thrombotic risk platelet hyper-reactivity plays an important role. The inhibition of proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) to reduce plasma LDL-cholesterol merges as effective therapeutic strategy to prevent cardiovascular (CV) events. Aim of this study was to verify whether a treatment up to 12 months with the monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) anti-PCSK9 influences platelet function in primary HC.Methods and Results: In patients affected by primary HC (n = 24), all on background of statin and 17 on acetyl salicylic acid (ASA), platelet function parameters were evaluated at baseline up to 12 months of treatment with the mAb anti-PCSK9 alirocumab or evolocumab. From baseline, the treatment with anti-PCSK9 mAbs: i) in ASA HC patients, significantly decreased platelet aggregation detected in platelet-rich plasma by light transmission aggregometry and in whole blood Platelet Function Analyzer-100 assay; ii) in all HC patients, significantly decreased platelet membrane expression of CD62P and plasma levels of the in vivo platelet activation markers soluble CD40 Ligand, Platelet Factor-4, and soluble P-Selectin. Furthermore, CD62P expression, and sP-Selectin, PF-4, sCD40L levels significantly correlated with serum PCSK9.Conclusion: Besides markedly lowering LDL-c levels, our results suggest that HC patients benefit from anti-PCSK9 mAb treatment also for reducing platelet reactivity and increasing platelet sensitivity to the inhibitory effects of aspirin. These effects on platelets could play a role in the reduction of CV event incidence in patients treated with PCSK9 inhibitors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Chilling injury (CI) is the main problem affecting quality of Queen pineapple (Ananas comosus L.) fruit during cold storage. The purpose of this paper was to investigate the application of acetyl salicylate (ASA) on CI alleviation of pineapple fruit cv. Sawi during storage at 13 ± 1 °C for 10 d. The pineapples were dipped in ASA solution at the concentrations of 2.5 or 5.0 mM for 1, 2 or 3 h and untreated fruits were used as control treatment. The biochemical-related parameters to CI incidence of tissue adjoining to the core were determined after the fruits were left at 25 °C for 2 d. The results show that 5.0 mM ASA immersion for 1 h alleviated internal browning incidence and lowered CI score compared to other treatments. The treatment also maintained high lightness (L*) value and low colour difference (ΔE*) value of tissue adjoining to the core. Compared to control treatment, the 5.0 mM ASA immersion lowered browning index, malondialdehyde concentration, polyphenol oxidase activity and TP concentration as well as increased antioxidant capacity and ascorbic acid concentrations of tissue adjoining to the core. Therefore, 5.0 mM ASA immersion for 1 h is an effective alternative alleviating CI of Queen pineapples during cold storage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, we used nano-smectite (SMT) and multiwall carbon nanotube (MWCNT) as a recognition surface over the disposable pencil graphite electrode for the low-level detection of ascorbic acid (AA) and acetyl salicylic acid (ACA). Firstly, nano-semectit was obtained by the purification of natural bentonite clay. XRD patterns and Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were employed to ensure the purity of the bentonite samples. Pencil graphite rodes were immersed into suspensions of SMT, MWCNT or the both.The surface morphology of the sensor was investigated by cyclic voltammery (CV), electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and SEM techniques. The effect of pH, percentage composition of modifiers, immobilization time, accumulation time and accumulation potential was optimized for reaching the best electroanalytical response for AA and ACA. The sensor developed proved to give good recovery, notable electro-catalytic activity and appropriately distant signals for the simultaneous determination of the analytes. Common contaminates, uric acid, l -cysteine, dopamine, glucose, Na+, Cl- and citric acid were investigated for their interference effects. Uric acid, citric acid and dopamine were found to interfere to some extent. The electrode exhibited wide working ranges and a fairly satisfactory detection limit of 0.096 and 0.241 μM for AA and ACA, respectively. The electrode system proved to be practical for the analysis of pharmaceutical tablets and the recovery results are very satisfactory. Image 1 • A new PGE sensor for simultaneous analysis of AA and ACA based on nano-natural smectite and MWCNT nanoparticles was developed for the first time. • An AdsDPV method for the simultaneous determination of AA and ACA with a high precision and accuracy together with a wide linear range and low detection limit was developed. • A quantitative AdsDPV method for the simultaneous analysis of AA and ACA was devised and applied to the assay of ascorbic acid and acetyl salicylic acid in pharmaceutical sample. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study was conducted at North Sinai Research station Farm, Desert Research Center, El-Sheikh Zwaid city during the two consecutive seasons ol 2014 and 2015 to improve Origanum syriacumL. plant growth and productivity under saline water irrigation (about 3000 ppm) stress conditions. Humic acid (0, 2, 4 and 6 kg.fed-1) were added with irrigation water. Different concentrations ol acetyl salicylic acid (0, 500, 750 and 1000 mg.l-1) were sprayed on plants. Experimental design was split plot design with three replicates, since humic acid concentrations were arranged in main plots, while acetyl salicylic acid levels were assigned in sub-plots. Obtained results showed that the highest values of vegetative growth parameters, volatile oil yield and chemical composition were gained with the interaction treatments of 750 or 1000 mg.l-1 acetyl salicylic acid combined with 6 kg.fed-1 humic acid without significant difference between both treatments. So that, our recommendation is ،o spray Origanum syriacum L. plants grown under saline water irrigation stress with 750 mg.l-1 acetyl salicylic acid with applying 6 kg.fed-1 humic acid to avoid the depressive effect of salinity on growth and productivity of Origanum syriacum L. plants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The radioprotective effect of acetyl salicylic acid against radiation injury to rat salivary glands was reported but its interrelationship with the expression of heat shock protein 60; an endogenous cytoprotectant against various stressful stimuli has not been previously defined. Objective: The purpose of this study was to monitor the expression of heat shock protein 60 in irradiated and acetyl salicylic acid radioprotected rat submandibular salivary glands. Design: Twenty six adult male Albino rats were used in this study. The control group was not exposed to irradiation nor administered acetyl salicylic acid. The irradiated group was exposed to a single dose of gamma radiation (6.5 Gy). The radioprotected group was irradiated as the previous group and received acetyl salicylic acid in drinking water (2.5 g/IL) one week before the exposure to irradiation and continued one week after. Animals were killed and the submandibular salivary glands were excised to be examined histologically and immunohistochemically for the expression of heat shock protein 60. Results: Histopathological examination of the submandibular salivary glands of irradiated group revealed acinar and ductal damage accompanied by weak to negative heat shock protein 60 immunoexpression. However, minimal radiation-induced damage was noticed in the radioprotected group, which immunohistochemically demonstrated localized heat shock protein 60 overexpression in its parenchymal elements. Conclusion: The findings of the present study suggested the association of heat shock protein 60 overexpression with reduction of histopathological damage in acetyl salicylic acid radioproprotected rat submandibular salivary gland.

Objectives: Psychic perceptions are at the core of psychotherapeutic processes and modifiable by certain psychopharmacologic agents including antidepressants and cyclooxygenase (COX) inhibitors like acetylsalicylic acid (ASA). Methods: We analyzed the medical records of 208 participants, and used the weekly mean dosages and the number of weeks in therapy to predict ward experience (Stationserfahrungsbogen) and symptom burden (symptom-check list 90-R) by means of linear regression analyses and four repeated measures. Results: Time predicted symptom relief. ASA signified a more favorable ward experience and a trend towards less suffering. Antidepressants did not predict symptom burden or ward experience, except for amitriptyline's inverse relationship with process perception. Discussion: Regarding process perception and therapy outcome, amitriptyline might have unfavorable effects at dose reductions, whereas COX-inhibition could be beneficial at higher dosages. Similar findings have already been described with regard to COX-inhibition in depression and schizophrenia.

This study investigates the transdermal release of aspirin (ASA) from films of hydrolyzed collagen obtained from fish scales. The patches were made with 0.2 g of ASA dissolved in 99% ethanol and 1.98 g of the extracted fish scale biopolymer (FSBP) dissolved in 10 mL distilled water which is then dried. Porcine skin is pre-treated with solid metal microneedles. ASA-loaded FSBP patch is then applied. The skin samples were placed on diffusion cells. Samples were taken at varying times: 5, 24, and 48 h and tested for the presence of ASA using UV spectrometry-based method introduced in this study. The results obtained showed that for all repeated study, no ASA was detected in the receiver compartment after 5 h. After 24 h up to 0.24 mg/mL ASA had released into the receiver compartment; and after 48 h, a concentration 0.74 mg/mL had been reached for skin samples treated with microneedles. ASA was not detected in the receiver compartment for skin samples that were not pre-treated with microneedles after 5 h. After 24 h, the concentration of 0.04 mg/mL was recorded, and at 48 h, concentration of 0.045 mg/mL was detected. This study presents for the first time transdermal drug delivery (TDD) films made of FSBP applied as drug delivery films for ASA and the use of microneedles to significantly enhance the release of ASA from the ASA-FSBP TDD films using the ‘poke and patch’ method. We also present a novel method for testing ASA in the TDD study using reaction with ferrous gluconate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Here we highlight a single pot green synthetic protocol for gold nanoparticles (AuNps) using acetyl salicylic acid (ASA) drug as reducing and capping agent. These nanoparticles were characterized using UV–Vis (UV–Vis) spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared (FT-IR) Spectroscopy, X-ray diffractometry (XRD) and Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM). The estimated average size of AuNps was 33 nm. These ASA-AuNps were employed to develop a highly selective and sensitive colorimetric sensor for Fe 3+ detection. This sensor responded linearly to Fe 3+ in the range of 0.3–2.1 μmol L −1 . The limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantification (LOQ) of sensor was 0.051 and 0.17 μmol L −1 respectively. The response of the developed sensor to the interfering ions like Ni 2+ , Hg 2+ , Cd 2+ , Cr 3+ , Co 2+ , As 3+ , Pb 2+ , Fe 2+ and Zn 2+ was negligible. The sensor was used successfully to detect Fe 3+ in real water samples collected from various locations of the Sindh River. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background Acetyl salicylic acid (ASA) is a useful drug for the secondary prevention of cerebro-cardiovascular diseases, but it has adverse effects on the small intestinal mucosa. The pathogenesis and prophylaxis of ASA-induced small intestinal injury remain unclear. In this study, we focused on the intestinal mucus, as the gastrointestinal tract is covered by mucus, which exhibits protective effects against various gastrointestinal diseases. Materials and Methods ASA was injected into the duodenum of rats, and small intestinal mucosal injury was evaluated using Evans blue dye. To investigate the importance of mucus, Polysorbate 80 (P80), an emulsifier, was used before ASA injection. In addition, rebamipide, a mucus secretion inducer in the small intestine, was used to suppress mucus reduction in the small intestine of P80-administered rats. Results The addition of P80 reduced the mucus and exacerbated the ASA-induced small intestinal mucosal injury. Rebamipide significantly suppressed P80-reduced small intestinal mucus and P80-increased intestinal mucosal lesions in ASA-injected rats, demonstrating that mucus is important for the protection against ASA-induced small intestinal mucosal injury. These results provide new insight into the mechanism of ASA-induced small intestinal mucosal injury. Conclusion Mucus secretion-increasing therapy might be useful in preventing ASA-induced small intestinal mucosal injury. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We investigated the effects of co-enzyme Q10 (Q10) and acetyl salicylic acid (ASA) on expression of Hsp70 in the protection of primary chicken myocardial cells during heat stress. Western blot analysis showed that Q10 and ASA accelerated the induction of Hsp70 when chicken myocardial cells were exposed to hyperthermia. In the absence of heat stress, however, neither Q10 nor ASA are able to upregulate Hsp70 expression. Analysis of enzymes that respond to cellular damage and pathological examination revealed that ectopic expression of ASA and Q10 alleviate cellular damage during heat stress. Quantification of heat shock factors (HSF) indicated that treatment of ASA increased the expression of HSF-1 and HSF-3 during heat stress. Treatment with Q10 resulted in the elevation of HSF-1 expression. Expression of HSF-2 and HSF-4 was not affected by ASA or Q10. Subcellular distribution analysis of HSF-1 and HSF-3 showed that in response to heat stress ASA promoted nuclear translocation of HSF-1 and HSF-3, while Q10 promoted only HSF-1 nuclear translocation. Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) analysis indicated that HSF-1 occupies the Hsp70 promoter in chicken primary myocardial cells during heat stress and under normal conditions, while HSF-3 occupies the Hsp70 promoter only during heat stress. Real-time PCR analysis revealed that ASA induces HSF-1 and HSF-3 binding to Hsp70 HSE, while Q10 only induces HSF1 binding to Hsp70 HSE, in agreement with the impact of HSF1 and HSF3 silencing on Hsp70 expression. These data demonstrate that ASA and Q10 both induce the expression of Hsp70 to protect chicken primary myocardial cells during heat stress, but through distinct pathways. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: The present paper demonstrates the utility of PASS computer-aided program and makes a clear comparison of predicted and observed pharmacological properties of some novel 5-[(2E)-1-(1H-benzimidazol-2-yl)-3-substituted phenylprop-2-en-1-ylidene] pyrimidine-2, 4, 6 (1H, 3H, 5H)-triones (5a-f). Materials and Methods: The synthesis of the titled derivatives were achieved by the reaction between 2E)-1-(1H-benzimidazol-2-yl)-3-phenylprop-2-en-1-ones (4a-f) and barbituric acid in the presence of catalytic amount of acetic acid medium. All the final structures were assigned on the basis of IR, 1 HNMR and mass spectra analysis. All the newly synthesized compounds were screened for their antiulcer activity in the pylorus-ligated rats. Results: Compounds 5b, 5e and 5c showed a percentage protection of (69.58, 69.56 and 67.17 at a dose of 50 mg/kg b.w.) when compared to standard omeprazole (77.37%, 2 mg/kg b.w.). Conclusion: Scanning of stomach specimens using electron microscope revealed that the mice treated with standard and synthetic derivatives had no injury observed in stomach mucosa, which is identical to that of the control animal.

Introduction: The treatment of acute coronary syndrome (ACS) includes the administration of aspirin. Current guidelines recommend chewing aspirin tablets to increase absorption. While this is intuitive, there are scant data supporting this recommendation. The purpose of this study is to assess which of 3 different aspirin formulations is most rapidly absorbed after ingestion. Methods: A prospective, open-label, 3-way crossover volunteer study at a tertiary university medical center with human subjects 18 years or older. Fasted subjects were randomly assigned to receive aspirin 1,950 mg as (1) solid aspirin tablets swallowed whole, (2) solid aspirin tablet chewed then swallowed, or (3) a chewable aspirin formulation chewed and swallowed. Serum salicylate measurements were obtained over a period of 180 minutes. Pharmacokinetic parameters were determined. Results: Thirteen males and 1 female completed all 3 arms of study. Peak serum salicylate concentrations were seen at 180 minutes in all groups. Mean peaks were 10.4, 11.3, and 12.2 mg/dL in groups 1, 2, and 3, respectively. Mean area under the time concentration was 1,153, 1,401, and 1,743 mg-min/dL in groups 1, 2, and 3, respectively. No measurable salicylate concentrations were seen in 6 subjects in group 1 at 60 minutes as compared to 1 subject in group 2. All subjects in group 3 had measurable levels at 45 minutes. There were no adverse effects in any of the subjects during the study period. Conclusion: Our data demonstrate that the chewable aspirin formulation achieved the most rapid rate of absorption. In addition, the chewable formulation absorption was more complete than the other formulations at 180 minutes. These data suggest that in the treatment of ACS, a chewable aspirin formulation may be preferable to solid tablet aspirin, either chewed or swallowed. [West J Emerg Med. 2011;12(4):381–385.]

Introduction: Antithrombotic therapy field is undergoing rapid and significant changes during the past decade. In addition to new therapeutic strategies with existing targets, investigators are exploring the potential use of new targets to address unmet needs to treat patients with arterial diseases., Areas Covered: We aim to provide an update on and a comprehensive review of the antithrombic agents that are being explored in patients with arterial diseases. We discuss latest developments with respect to upstream antiplatelet agents, and collagen and thrombin pathway inhibitors. We searched PubMed databases for English language articles using keywords: antiplatelet agents, thrombin pathway inhibitors, collagen receptors, arterial disease., Expert Opinion: Despite implementation of potent P2Y 12 inhibitors, there are numerous unmet needs in the treatment of arterial diseases including ceiling effect of currently available antiplatelet agents along with and an elevated risk of bleeding. The latter observations encouraged investigators to explore new targets that can attenuate the generation of platelet-fibrin clot formation and subsequent ischemic event occurrences with minimal effect on bleeding. These targets include collagen receptors on platelets and thrombin generation including FXa, FXIa, and FXIIa. In addition, investigators are studying novel antiplatelet agents/strategies to facilitate upstream therapy in high-risk patients.

Screening of the change mechanism of salicylic acid-4,4′dipyridyl (SAA-4,4′dipy) cocrystals to acetyl salicylic acid-4,4′dipyridyl (ASA-4,4′dipy) cocrystals was performed and their transformation investigated. Cocrystals of SAA-4,4′dipy are concomitantly formed in ASA/4,4′dipyridyl/ethanol solutions, resulting from ASA decomposition. Eventually, cocrystals of ASA-4,4′dipy are obtained from a sequence of in situ reactions by controlling the operating conditions. Both cocrystals have the same hydrogen bonding interaction between the drug molecules. The ketene functional group decomposed in salicylic acid cocrystal formation reaggregates during solution-mediated cocrystallization that leads to the formation of ASA cocrystals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Daidzin (7-O-glucoside of daidzein) has several pharmacological benefits in herbal remedy, as antioxidant and shown antidipsotropic activity. Hairy root culture ofPsoralea corylifoliaL. was developed for biomass and enhanced daidzin production using signalling compounds such as jasmonic acid (JA) and acetyl salicylic acid (ASA). Best response of 2.8-fold daidzin (5.09% DW) with 1 μM JA treatment after second week and 7.3-fold (3.43% DW) with 10 μM JA elicitation after 10th week was obtained from hairy roots compared to untreated control. ASA at 10 μM promoted 1.7-fold increase in daidzin (1.49% DW) content after seventh week compared to control (0.83% DW). Addition of 25 μM ASA resulted in 1.44% DW daidzin (1.5-fold increase) with 0.91% DW in control after fifth week and 1.44% DW daidzin (2.3-fold increase) after eighth week when compared to untreated control (0.62% DW). Reduced biomass with increased daidzin content was facilitated by elicited hairy root cultures. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Objective In the SMILE-4 study, zofenopril + acetyl salicylic acid ( ASA) was more effective than ramipril + ASA on 1-year prevention of major cardiovascular events ( MACE) in patients with acute myocardial infarction complicated by left ventricular dysfunction. In this retrospective analysis, we evaluated drug efficacy in subgroups of patients, according to a history of diabetes mellitus. Methods The primary study endpoint was 1-year combined occurrence of death or hospitalization for cardiovascular causes. Diabetes was defined according to medical history (previous known diagnosis). Results A total of 562 of 693 (81.0%) patients were classified as nondiabetics and 131 (18.9%) as diabetics. The adjusted rate of MACE was lower under zofenopril than under ramipril in both nondiabetics [27.9% vs. 34.9% ramipril; odds ratio, OR and 95% confidence interval: 0.55 (0.35, 0.86)] and diabetics [30.9% vs. 41.3%; 0.56 (0.18, 1.73)], although the difference was statistically significant only for the nondiabetic group ( P = 0.013). Zofenopril was superior to ramipril as regards to the primary study endpoint in the subgroup of 157 patients with uncontrolled blood glucose (≥126 mg/dL), regardless of a previous diagnosis of diabetes [0.31 (0.10, 0.90), P = 0.030]. Zofenopril significantly reduced the risk of hospitalization for cardiovascular causes in both nondiabetics [0.64 (0.43, 0.96), P = 0.030] and diabetics [0.38 (0.15, 0.95), P = 0.038], whereas it was not better than ramipril in terms of prevention of cardiovascular deaths. Conclusions This retrospective analysis of the SMILE-4 study confirmed the good efficacy of zofenopril plus ASA in the prevention of long-term MACE also in the subgroup of patients with diabetes mellitus. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

UV-visible spectrophotometric technique was used to study the interaction of polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) with co-solutes: phenol, benzoic acid, sodium benzoate, salicylic acid and acetyl salicylic acid in aqueous medium. Changes in the absorption spectra of the co-solutes were observed in the presence of PVP from 200 to 210 nm. The changes were attributed to interaction of PVP molecules with the co-solute molecules. As the concentration of the co-solute increased, a red shift in the bands was observed indicating an increase in interaction between PVP and the co-solute.

Acute generalized exanthematous pustulosis is an uncommon cutaneous reaction characterized by sudden onset of generalized non-follicular aseptic pustules. It is most often secondary to drugs but causes as varied from viral infection to insect bites are reported. A case report of a 48-year-old male who developed pustular eruptions after taking acetylsalicylic acid is reported here. Clinicians need to be aware of this entity when dealing with pustular rash as this rare side effect of a very common drug is both, easy to miss and easy to manage.

One hundred and sixty one-day-old layer chicks were divided into four experimental groups A, B, C and D, with 40 birds in each group. Group A was kept as control (non-vaccinated), group B was given vaccine but not medicated, group C was administered vaccine as well as multivitamins for 3 days post-vaccination, while group D was also medicated with aspirin for 3 days post-vaccination. The parameters studied were: heterophil/lymphocyte ratio, serum biochemical analysis (serum protein, glucose and cholesterol), antibody response against infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV). At the end of experiment (42nd day) adrenal glands from 10 randomly selected birds from each group were subjected to gross and histopathological examination and adrenal/body weight ratio was also determined. The results showed non significant difference among different groups. However, the group that was given multivitamins showed maximum immune response against IBDV, while the aspirin therapy did not show any significant difference. It can be concluded that vaccine produced undetectable stress in layer chicks and the vitamin supplementation evidently showed as an immuno-potentiating effect

Thrombocytes and their metabolites are involved in numerous physiological and pathophysiological processes, such as blood coagulation at the site of ruptured endothelium. Normal platelet aggregation can be suppressed via platelet antagonists or non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). That’s why differentiating between resting (“normal”) and inhibited platelets in a quick and precise fashion could be of a great clinical significance. Herein, we present the first step on the way to a novel platelet functionality assay based on Molecularly Imprinted Polymers (MIP) coated onto Quartz Crystal Microbalance (QCM). First results reveal sensor responses that depend on platelet concentration and on incubation of platelets with aspirin: acetyl salicylic acid (AAS).

Background The optimal vascular access for chronic hemodialysis is the arteriovenous fistula (AVF). Several studies suggest a role for antiplatelet agents in the prevention of early AVF failure. Aim of the study This trial was conducted to assess the efficacy and safety of clopidogrel versus acetyl salicylic acid in hemodialysis patients. Patients and Methods A total of 50 patients received 75 mg/day of clopidogrel, 50 patients received 150 mg/day of acetyl salicylic acid, and 50 patients served as the control group. The treatment was initiated 7-10 days before the surgery and continued up to 6 weeks postoperatively; thereafter, patients were monitored for 6 months. Results The primary outcome was AVF failure 8 weeks after fistula creation. The primary AVF failures at 2 months were 32.5% in the acetyl salicylic acid group and 6.6% in the clopidogrel group. First hemodialysis from newly created AVF in the clopidogrel group was significantly more successful than that in the acetyl salicylic acid group. No life-threatening adverse event or severe bleeding was recorded in both groups. Conclusion Clopidogrel seems to be effective and safe compared with acetyl salicylic acid in the prevention of primary AVF failure in hemodialysis patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As a first step to the establishment of an in vitro conservation protocol for apricot and neem, the effect of several growth retardants on the sprouting and development from nodal buds of both species and meristem development at the histological level was evaluated. Nodal section bud sprouting was affected by growth retardants, ranged from 4 to 100 % in apricot and from 10 to 100 % in neem, depending on the retardant and its concentration. Retardants paclobutrazol (PBZ), flurprimidol (FMD), diniconazole (DIN), and acetyl-salicylic acid (ASA) produced a drastic reduction of shoot length in apricot. PBZ, DIN and ASA decreased the number of leaves, whereas 1-Aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC) at 10 µM improved the number of leaves. Length of neem sprouted buds as well as the number of leaves was affected by all of the growth retardants, with the exception of ACC that only affected the number of leaves. Triiodobenzoic acid (TIBA) at 10 µM improved neem shoot length. PBZ, FMD, and DIN produced several effects as very thin, long, and dark green colored leaves in shoots from both species. Once growth retardants were removed from the proliferation medium the recovery of apricot bud growth was good from PBZ and FMD at low and medium concentrations and from ACC and ASA at all concentrations tested. In neem, the recovery was good only from TIBA and ASA at low concentrations; TIBA at 10 µM produced an increment of shoot length higher than the control. Histological changes observed in the meristems of apricot and neem buds during growth retardation induced by FMD and ASA could be related to some extent with those observed in the dormant shoot apex. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To evaluate the safety of continuing acetyl salicylic acid (ASA) in patients undergoing brain tumor resection. Many patients are on antiplatelet agents that are withheld before elective neurosurgical procedures to reduce bleeding risk. Cessation of ASA in patients with cardiovascular disease is associated with a known increased risk of thrombotic events, especially in patients with coronary stents. Methods The medical records of patients who underwent surgical resection of a brain tumor at the University of Florida from 2010 to 2014 were evaluated. The patients were separated into groups based on preoperative ASA use and whether or not it was stopped before surgery. Patients were evaluated for thrombotic complications, postoperative hemorrhage, estimated blood loss, length of hospital stay, and discharge disposition. Results Of the 452 patients analyzed, 368 patients were not on chronic ASA therapy, 55 patients had their ASA discontinued before surgery, and 28 patients were continued on ASA perioperatively. The patients on preoperative ASA were comparable on all collected demographic variables. There were no statistical differences detected between the groups for outcomes including bleeding complications, need for reoperation, or thrombotic complications. Conclusions In this analysis, perioperative low dose ASA use was not associated with increased risk of perioperative complications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]