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Background ad aim of workː the position of Italian law regarding participation of prophylactically treated hemophiliacs to organized sport trainings and competitions remains unclear and this study focuses on the eligibility of pediatric patients in particular. Methodsː 16 patients age 3 to 15 years old, with severe haemophilia and prophylaxis starting age of 20,2 ± 2,2 months were enrolled. Weight, height, body mass index (BMI) and joint status (Hemophilia Joint Health Score [HJHS] and Haemophilia Early Arthropathy Detection with UltraSound, HEAD-US score) of patients were evaluated at start (T0) and after 12 months (T12) of a HIITS sport activity program. Resultsː All patients qualified for Italian competitive sport medical certification. Their weight and height increased after 12 months, without an increase in BMI (T0= 17,2; T1= 18,7; p>0,05). HJHS score did not change significantly (T0: 1.6 ± 1; T1: 2.1 ± 1.3; p>0.05). All children were right-handed and atrophy for the muscles of the right elbow significantly decreased (no atrophy seen at T0 in 4 of 16 patients and at T1 in 8 of 16 patients; p=0.045). Conclusionsː Hemophilic children, prophylactically treated, are capable to be included in sport groups and physical activity programs.

Background and Aim of the Work: Sport participation, regular exercise and physical activity in general exert many benefits on wellness, perceived health related quality of life and social satisfaction. As the people age, physical and mental deterioration occur. Master athletes are older adults that practice different sports, such as running, swimming and badminton. This is a widespread sport practiced by over 200 million people and is one of the most exerted sport in the world. In our study we compared the health perception of Italian Badminton Master athletes and normal Italian population of same age., Methods: Thirty (22 males, 8 females) Master badminton athletes between 18 and 69 years old participating to 2018 edition of the Italian Master Badminton Championship were enrolled for the study. All athletes compiled a six questions questionnaire, about perceived quality of life, included in the 2014-2017 Italian surveillance database "PASSI" questionnaire and answers were compared to 18-69 y/o Italian population results included in the public database., Results: Statistically significative differences were not detected between genders of master athletes. There was only a significative better psychological perception of quality of life in younger class of master athletes (p<0.05).  A significative better perception was detected in Master athletes compared to normal Italian population., Conclusions: Aerobic sports, such as badminton, represent positive factors for improving health, psychological wellness and social engagement. Sport has a crucial role for the positive influence on growth in youngers and on the preventive role on typical diseases of older age, such as diabetes, ischemic cardiomyopathy and mental illness.

The nasal valve area has the minimal cross-sectional area of the upper airways. Nasal dilators have been found able to improve sport performance in athletes. The aim of this study was to investigate whether the use an internal nasal dilator may be able to affect respiratory pattern in a group of athletes. The use of internal nasal dilator induced a significant reduction of fatigue perception (p=0.000) and was optimally accepted. In conclusion, the present study demonstrates that Nas-air® is an internal nasal dilator able to reduce the fatigue perception and is preferred to external nasal dilator.

Cardiovascular prevention represents a cornerstone of modern strategies to reduce the burden of cardiovascular disease. It is of key importance to prevent cardiovascular diseases and associated events, not only to reduce morbidity and mortality, but also to increase the years of wellness in the aging population and to make the growing socio-economic burden imposed by cardiovascular events more sustainable.The current approach to prevention is based on an integrated use of effective lifestyle measures and, whenever appropriate, of antihypertensive and antidiabetic drugs, lipid-lowering agents and antiplatelet drugs.Given that population characteristics, in terms of ethnicity, demography and lifestyle habits, and healthcare system organizations differ among countries, international guidelines are not always applicable to specific countries and, often, are difficult to translate into daily clinical practice.In order to afford the specific features of Italy, 10 Scientific Societies and Research Institutions, mostly involved in preventive strategies, contributed to the present Italian consensus document, which includes brief, practical recommendations to support the preventive actions within the physician community and the general practice setting.

Competitive sports eligibility, mandatory for the Italian law in all age classes, from young to master athletes, involves millions of subjects, who are at risk during their sport career both for prescription and illicit drugs (or banned substances included in the World Anti-Doping Agency list, annually updated). These drugs may interfere with adrenergic hyperactivation related to athletic activity and can bring to unfavorable cardiovascular effects, such as arrhythmias, coronary artery disease, myocarditis, pericarditis, heart failure, ion channel disease. Moreover, numerous compounds may reduce athletic performance. Cardiovascular side effects are more frequently reported when drug co-administration is performed, which occurs frequently. Drug co-administration may have a higher risk when a common metabolic pathway is used (i.e. P450 hepatic cytochrome), and inhibition or induction effects modify plasma drug levels. One of the most important problems remains for combination of drugs that might be torsadogenic. Therefore, it is mandatory to be aware of pharmacokinetic properties, mechanisms of action, side effects and interactions between drugs and competitive sports activities; moreover, possible clinical, instrumental (i.e. ECG) or laboratory markers should be pointed out in order to recognize a possible toxic effect and subsequently interrupt or modify drug administration and/or assumption.