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Universidad Nacional Agraria La Molina. Escuela de Posgrado. Maestría en Nutrición En la Ceja de Selva del Perú, los sistemas silvopastoriles (SSP), ofrecen como alternativa un incremento de calidad y cantidad de pasturas. Sin embargo, es necesario estudiar e identificar especies arbóreas con características de crecimiento y arquitectura favorables a la integración con pastos, principalmente especies nativas como el faique (Acacia macracantha), para lo cual se evaluó, tasa de crecimiento, contenido de proteína cruda, fibra detergente neutro, calcio y digestibilidad in vitro de la materia seca, en tres ubicaciones (fuera de la copa de los árboles, bajo la copa del árbol faique joven y mediano) del pasto Guinea (Panicum máximum Jacq) en época seca y lluviosa, el estudio se realizó en el distrito de Bellavista, provincia de Jaén, región Cajamarca, utilizando un diseño completo al azar con arreglo factorial 3 x 2, donde los factores fueron ubicación del pasto y épocas. El efecto del árbol en el valor nutritivo del pasto fue positivo bajo la copa de los árboles, aumentando los contenidos de proteína cruda, calcio y fósforo, en 32%, 25% y 13% respectivamente, respecto al pastos fuera de la copa de los árboles; en tanto que el efecto de los árboles para tasa de crecimiento, fibra detergente neutro y digestibilidad in vitro de la materia seca no presentaron diferencias significativas entre las ubicaciones del pasto. Los análisis en suelo indicaron incrementos de materia orgánica, calcio, fósforo, potasio y humedad bajo la copa de los árboles. In the high Peruvian jungle, the silvopastoral system (SSP) offer an alternative to increase the quality and quantity of pastures. However, it is necessary to study and identify arboreal species with growth and architecture characteristics favorable to the integration with pastures, mainly native species such as the Faique (Acacia macracantha), for which growth rate, crude protein content, neutral detergent fiber, calcium and in vitro digestibility of the dry matter were assessed in three locations (external part of the tree crown, under the crown of the young and medium Faique tree) of the Guinea grass (Panicum maximum Jacq) in the dry and rainy season, the study was conducted in the district of Bellavista, province of Jaén, Cajamarca region, using a completely randomized design with factorial arrangement 3x2, where the factors were pasture location and seasons. The effect of the three on the nutritive value of the pasture was positive under the crown of the trees, increasing the contents of crude protein, calcium and phosphorus in 32%, 25% and 13% respectively, with respect to the pasture outside the crown, while the effect of the trees for growth rate, neutral detergent fiber and in vitro digestibility of the dry matter did not present a significant difference between the locations of the pasture. Soil analysis indicated increases in organic matter, calcium, phosphorus, potassium and moisture under the tree crowns. Tesis

Resumen En el sector Bramaderos, parroquia Guachanama, provincia de Loja, Ecuador, se estudio la diversidad floristica en bosque semideciduo y bosque de galeria, en sus componentes arboreo, arbustivo y herbaceo. Para el estrato arboreo se instalaron parcelas de 20 x 20 m, registrandose individuos iguales o mayores a 10 cm de DAP, subdivididas en 3 subparcelas de 5 x 5 m para el estrato arbustivo y de 1 x 1 m para el estrato herbaceo. En el bosque semideciduo se establecieron 31 unidades de muestreo y en el bosque de galeria, 18 unidades de muestreo. En el bosque semideciduo se registraron 561 arboles, que pertenecen a 24 especies, 24 generos y 15 familias; las especies dominantes y de mayor importancia ecologica son Ceiba trischistandra, Eriotheca ruizii y Bursera graveolens ; en el componente arbustivo, 2076 individuos correspondientes a 45 especies, 36 generos y 16 familias; en el componente herbaceo, 1488 individuos de 44 especies, 38 generos y 17 familias. En el bosque de galeria se registraron 424 arboles, que pertenecen a 33 especies, 29 generos y 22 familias; las especies ecologicamente importantes son: Pisonia aculeata, Fulcaldea laurifolia, Eriotheca ruizii, Acacia macracantha y Ceiba trischistandra ; en el componente arbustivo, 630 individuos que pertenecen a 33 especies, 30 generos y 16 familias, y el herbaceo con 630 individuos establecidos en 24 especies, 24 generos y 13 familias. Existen diferencias significativas de elementos floristicos entre los dos tipos de cobertura y estos contienen una buena muestra de la diversidad floristica de los bosques secos piemontanos. Palabras clave: Bramaderos, bosque seco del suroccidente del Ecuador, diversidad, estratos, bosque semideciduo, bosque de galeria, Paltas. Abstract In the Bramaderos Sector, Guachanama Parish, province of Loja, Ecuador, we studied the floristic diversity in semideciduous forest and gallery forest, in its arboreal, shrub and herbaceous components. For the arboreal stratum, plots of 20 x 20 m were installed, registering individuals equal or greater than 10 cm DBH, subdivided in 3 subplots of 5 x 5 m for the shrub layer and 1 x1 m for the herbaceous stratum. In the semideciduous forest, 31 sampling units were established, and in the gallery forest, 18 sampling units. In the semideciduous forest, 561 trees were registered, belonging to 24 species, 24 genera and 15 families; the dominant and ecologically most important species are Ceiba trischistandra, Eriotheca ruizii and Bursera graveolens ; in the shrub component, 2076 individuals corresponding to 45 species, 36 genera and 16 families; in the herbaceous component, 1488 individuals of 44 species, 38 genera and 17 families. In the gallery forest, 424 trees were registered, belonging to 33 species, 29 genera and 22 families; the ecologically important species are Pisonia aculeata, Fulcaldea laurifolia, Eriotheca ruizii, Acacia macracantha and Ceiba trischistandra ; in the shrub component, 630 individuals belonging to 33 species, 30 genera and 16 families, and the herbaceous with 630 individuals established in 24 species, 24 genera and 13 families. There are significant differences of floristic elements between the two types of coverage and these contain a good sample of the floristic diversity of the dry piedmont forests. Keywords: Bramaderos, dry forest of the southwest of Ecuador, diversity, strata, semideciduous forest, gallery forest, Paltas.

The native tree Schinus molle (Anacardiacae) is reported for the first time as a host plant for larvae of the little known geometrid moth Eupithecia yubitzae Vargas & Parra (Lepidoptera, Geometridae) in the Atacama Desert of northern Chile, based on morphology and DNA barcodes. This discovery importantly expands the host range of E. yubitzae, as previous records were restricted to Fabaceae trees. Larvae were previously known as florivorous, while these were found to be folivorous on S. molle. Furthermore, host-associated cryptic larval polychromatism was detected, as larvae collected on S. molle were found to be mostly pale green, contrasting with the dark yellow ground color of the larvae typically collected on fabaceous host plants. Keywords: Acacia macracantha, Anacardiaceae, DNA barcodes, Fabaceae, Schinus molle

The last instar larva and pupa of Melipotis cellaris (Guenée) are described and illustrated, based on specimens collected in northern Chile, associated with Acacia macracantha (Fabaceae).

The native tree Schinus molle (Anacardiacae) is reported for the first time as a host plant for larvae of the little known geometrid moth Eupithecia yubitzae Vargas & Parra (Lepidoptera, Geometridae) in the Atacama Desert of northern Chile, based on morphology and DNA barcodes. This discovery importantly expands the host range of E. yubitzae, as previous records were restricted to Fabaceae trees. Larvae were previously known as florivorous, while these were found to be folivorous on S. molle. Furthermore, host-associated cryptic larval polychromatism was detected, as larvae collected on S. molle were found to be mostly pale green, contrasting with the dark yellow ground color of the larvae typically collected on fabaceous host plants.

The native tree Schinus molle (Anacardiacae) is reported for the first time as a host plant for larvae of the little known geometrid moth Eupithecia yubitzae Vargas & Parra (Lepidoptera, Geometridae) in the Atacama Desert of northern Chile, based on morphology and DNA barcodes. This discovery importantly expands the host range of E. yubitzae, as previous records were restricted to Fabaceae trees. Larvae were previously known as florivorous, while these were found to be folivorous on S. molle. Furthermore, host-associated cryptic larval polychromatism was detected, as larvae collected on S. molle were found to be mostly pale green, contrasting with the dark yellow ground color of the larvae typically collected on fabaceous host plants.

A new ennomine species (Geometridae: Ennominae: Macariini) is described from northern Chile: Macaria mirthae sp. nov. Morphology of male and female genitalia of M. mirthae indicates close relationship to Macaria abydata Guenee, 1858. The latter species is widely distributed in the Neotropical and Indo-Pacific regions. Both species can be easily distinguished on the basis of habitus features and male and female genitalia. Larval stages of the new species M. mirthae are associated with Acacia macracantha Humb et Bonpl ex Willd., Prosopis tamarugo Phil. and Geoffroea decorticans (Gill ex Hook et Arn.) Burkart (Fabaceae) in the north of Chile.

La presente investigacion caracterizo dendrologicamente a la especie Acacia horrida y evaluo el mayor prendimiento de estacas para esta especie. En la propagacion vegetativa se empleo tres enraizantes: miel de abeja, agua de coco y acido indol butirico (AIB), a tres concentraciones diferentes cada una, empleando tres sustratos diferentes conformados por humus, tierra agricola y arena. El material experimental proviene del distrito de San Jose, provincia de Chincha, departamento de Ica, Peru. La caracterizacion dendrologica se llevo a cabo en el Herbario MOL de la Facultad de Ciencias Forestales y la propagacion vegetativa, en las instalaciones del Vivero Forestal de la Universidad Nacional Agraria La Molina (UNALM), entre los meses de Abril y Agosto de 1999. Se confirmo la identidad de la especie dentro del genero de las Acacias, confrontando material botanico con otras especies que causaban duda taxonomica, tales como Acacia macracantha y Acacia huarango. Asimismo, los mejores resultados en cuanto al prendimiento de las estacas (callosidad y enraizamiento), se observaron en el sustrato 2 (humus, tierra agricola y arena en la proporcion 4:1:1 respectivamente).

International audience; Acacia macracantha, a Venezuelan Gummiferae species, exudes a soluble gum which has a very high polydispersity index (Mw/Mn = 3.75). It consists of carbohydrate predominantly and a proteinaceous material as a minor component. The relatively high nitrogen content (4.98%) led to study the latter material. Fractionation of the gum by atmospheric pressure size exclusion chromatography (APSEC) was monitored by determination of total protein and carbohydrate contents. High pressure exclusion chromatography (HPSEC), coupling on-line with multi-angle light scattering (MALLS) and differential refractive index (DRI) detectors were also used. The elution profiles of the original gum and those of the gum after basic and enzymatic hydrolyses showed a heterogeneous system. Studies of the highest molecular weight fraction, that contain carbohydrate and protein, revealed the presence of hydroxyproline, serine, and lysine. On the other hand, sequential acid hydrolysis study of this fraction demonstrated the presence of rhamnose and arabinose as terminal and internal residues, respectively. The findings suggest that the gum from A. macracantha contains probably AG and AGP.

Mimosa semispinosa Linnaeus, Species Plantarum 1: 522. 1753. "Habitat in America." RCN: 7691. Type not designated. Original material: Herb. Clifford: 208, Mimosa 6 (BM). Current name: Acacia macracantha Humb. & Bonpl. ex Willd. (Fabaceae: Mimosoideae). Note: The application of this name is uncertain. Barneby (in Mem. New York. Bot. Gard. 65: 777. 1991) treated it as a species incertae sedis and did not trace a type. He noted that if the name proved to apply to a true Mimosa, the armature and leaf-formula would fit M. distachya var. oligacantha (DC.) Barneby. A Clifford collection (BM), only rather doubtfully associated with the name, is not a Mimosa, but close to Acacia macracantha Humb. & Bonpl. ex Willd., a very large and widely distributed complex in the neotropics (Rico, pers. comm.). Mimosa semispinosa appears to be a candidate for rejection., Published as part of Jarvis, Charlie, 2007, Chapter 7: Linnaean Plant Names and their Types (part M), pp. 651-689 in Order out of Chaos. Linnaean Plant Types and their Types, London :Linnaean Society of London in association with the Natural History Museum on page 677, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.291971

Se presenta una descripción de la larva de último instar y de la pupa de Cryptophlebia cortesi Clarke, sobre la base de ejemplares colectados en el valle de Chaca, Primera Región, Chile, asociados a yaro, Acacia macracantha Bonpl & Humb ex Willd. (Fabaceae). A description of the last instar larva and pupa of Cryptophlebia cortesi Clarke, based on specimens collected on yaro, Acacia macracantha Bonpl & Humb ex Willd. (Fabaceae), in the Chaca valley, Primera Región, Chile, is presented.

Se presenta una descripción del adulto de Macaria mirthae sp. nov. (Geometridae: Ennominae: Macariini) sobre la base de ejemplares colectados en el norte de Chile. La morfología genital del macho y de la hembra de M. mirthae es muy similar a la de Macaria abydata Guenée, 1858, especie ampliamente distribuida en el Neotrópico y en la región Indo-Pacífica. Sin embargo, ambas pueden ser fácilmente separadas. Los estados inmaduros de M. mirthae están asociados a Acacia macracantha Humb et Bonpl ex Willd., Prosopis tamarugo Phil. y Geoffroea decorticans (Gill ex Hook et Arn.) Burkart (Fabaceae) en el norte de Chile A new ennomine species (Geometridae: Ennominae: Macariini) is described from northern Chile: Macaria mirthae sp. nov. Morphology of male and female genitalia of M. mirthae indicates close relationship to Macaria abydata Guenée, 1858. The latter species is widely distributed in the Neotropical and Indo-Pacific regions. Both species can be easily distinguished on the basis of habitus features and male and female genitalia. Larval stages of the new species M. mirthae are associated with Acacia macracantha Humb et Bonpl ex Willd., Prosopis tamarugo Phil. and Geoffroea decorticans (Gill ex Hook et Arn.) Burkart (Fabaceae) in the north of Chile.

Se presenta la descripcion del adulto, larva y pupa de Ithome tiaynai Vargas sp. n. Las larvas antofagas viven asociadas a Acacia macracantha Willd. (Fabaceae). La distribucion de esta especie comprende los valles costeros de Azapa y Chaca, Primera Region de Chile. Ithome tiaynai es la primera especie descrita desde Chile para este genero

Se presenta la descripción del adulto, larva y pupa de Ithome tiaynai Vargas sp. n. Las larvas antófagas viven asociadas a Acacia macracantha Willd. (Fabaceae). La distribución de esta especie comprende los valles costeros de Azapa y Chaca, Primera Región de Chile. Ithome tiaynai es la primera especie descrita desde Chile para este género Descriptions of the adult, larva and pupa of Ithome tiaynai Vargas sp. n. are presented. The anthophagous larvae are associated with Acacia macracantha Willd (Fabaceae). The distribution of this species includes the coastal valleys of Azapa and Chaca, First Region of Chile. Ithome tiaynai is the first species described from Chile for this genus.