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This guide specifies principles for determining the use of units in digitised communication of machine-readable data. These principles form the basis for all applications that transmit or require measurement data according to the specifications of the Système International d'Unités (SI). Basic principles for harmonised, clear, easy to understand and secure digital communication of metrological data are defined for real, complex, vector and constant quantities. The metadata model described is essential for the exchange of metrological information in all fields of Information and Communication Technologies (ICT). In terms of content, the model takes into account essential international metrology guidelines and standards. For the first time, in conjunction with the globally established SI, measures are defined which are essential for an easy, secure, harmonised and unambiguous exchange of metrological data. The handling of non-SI units and the requirements for conversion between SI and non-SI quantities are taken into account. In addition, a classification for the suitability of metrological data for interoperability and machine readability is made (medal system). The classification results from the use of SI units as defined in the 9th edition of BIPM's SI brochure. Finally, this guide is the second edition of "SmartCom Digital System of Units (D-SI) Guide for the use of the metadata-format used in metrology for the easy-to-use, safe, harmonised and unambiguous digital transfer of metrological data". It adds a comprehensive appendix with rules for using the D-SI and an improved reference to the XML implementation for the D-SI. &nbsp

This guide specifies principles for determining the use of units in digitised communication of machine-readable data. These principles form the basis for all applications that transmit or require measurement data according to the specifications of the Système International d'Unités (SI). Basic principles for harmonised, clear, easy to understand and secure digital communication of metrological data are defined for real, complex, vector and constant quantities. The metadata model described is essential for the exchange of metrological information in all fields of Information and Communication Technologies (ICT). In terms of content, the model takes into account essential international metrology guidelines and standards. For the first time, in conjunction with the globally established SI, measures are defined which are essential for an easy, secure, harmonised and unambiguous exchange of metrological data. The handling of non-SI units and the requirements for conversion between SI and non-SI quantities are taken into account. In addition, a classification for the suitability of metrological data for interoperability and machine readability is made (medal system). The classification results from the use of SI units as defined in the 9th edition of BIPM's SI brochure. This dokument is deliverable D1 of the EURAMET EMPIR project 17IND02 (SmartCom, WP1)., The development of the uniform metadata format for the exchange of measurement data in ICT applications is part of the research project EMPIR 17IND02 (Title: SmartCom). This brochure is the result of Deliverable 1. The project was funded by the EMPIR programme co-financed by the participating countries and by the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme., {"references":["EMPIR 17IND02 (SmartCom): Website of the research project, https://www.ptb.de/empir2018/smartcom/home/ (accessed October 2019)"]}

There are two most commonly used methods for calibration of thread rings, with different measuring uncertainty. The method of mechanical sensing with two balls is mostly used on one-axial measuring machines and on coordinate measuring machines. However, the method of calculating the core diameter of the thread ring combined with the technique of adaptation (in accordance with the method of the smallest squares) is used on the profile scanner. The required tolerances, which are very narrow for adjustable and laboratory thread ring, so the measuring uncertainty may be too high when using the method of mechanical sensing with two balls, and the low quality of some control rings, are the decisive factors for choosing an appropriate method in the industry. This also depends on the laboratoryćs capability of executing a specific method. The measurements of the core diameter of thread rings, which are the main topic of this article, were included into an international inter-comparison in which the main subject was the same thread ring as the one mentioned in this article.

A flat measurement surface e.g. a measurement plate, can be considered as the origin for performing most form and position measurements on measured objects. In order to use measurement plates in a proper way, it has to be assured that they are really flat and suitable for measurements. Flatness of measurement surface is determined indirectly by measuring the straightness of individual lines that build up the measurement grid. These lines are further divided into measurement steps that suit the dimensions of measuring instruments. Straightness of a measurement line is calculated for each line separately by measuring inclination of each measurement position, whereas flatness deviation of the entire surface is determined by linking the results of separate lines. Backgrounds, procedures and measuring equipment for performing such measurement are well known, whilst the uncertainty of measurement surface calibration remains undetermined. Without properly expressed uncertainty, a measurement means all but nothing. Therefore, a determination of measurement uncertainty has to be assured. This paper presented a new approach towards determining measurement uncertainty of flatness measurement, based on the Monte Carlo method. A complete measurement system is dissected into separate components, their amplitude and influence is evaluated, whilst measurements are simulated. Furthermore, an impact of grid parameters (size, density, number of measurement steps) on measurement result is evaluated as well.

Ravno merilno površino, kot je to na primer merilna plošča, lahko smatramo kot izhodišče za izvajanje večine meritev oblike in lege merjenih objektov. Da bi merilne plošče v ta namen zadovoljivo uporabljali, moramo najprej zagotoviti, da so res ravne in primerne za meritve. Ravnost merilne ploskve ugotavljamo posredno, tako da najprej določimo premost posameznih linij, ki so sestavni del merilne mreže. Te linije so še dodatno razdeljene na merilne korake, ki so prirejeni meram merilne opreme. Premost merilne linije izračunamo z merjenjem nagiba posameznega merilnega položaja za vsako linijo posebej, neravnost celotne površine pa tako, da rezultate po linijah povežemo v celoto. Osnove, postopki in merilne naprave za izvajanje meritev so torej znani, neznanka pa ostaja negotovost tovrstne kalibracije merilne površine. Meritev brez ustrezno izražene negotovosti ne pomeni ničesar, zato moramo zagotoviti, da bomo lahko negotovost določili. Pričujoči članek predstavlja nov pristop določanja merilne negotovosti pri merjenju ravnosti, ki temelji na uporabi metode Monte Carlo. Pri tem celoten merilni sistem razstavimo na posamezne komponente ter ocenimo njihovo veličino in vplive le teh, meritve pa simuliramo. Zanima nas tudi vpliv parametrov merilne mreže na meritev.

The planning of dates and capacities belongs to the area of production management. Scheduling represents the allocation of scarce sources to tasks in a definite period of time. So it is about a process of deciding, with the goal of optimization, about one or more criteria. In general it includes rough(long term), medium-term and detailed (short-term) planning. The last ofthese has the greatest importance because of a direct connection with operational effectiveness. Some developed scheduling procedures are presentedin the paper, i. e., the priority (dispatching) rules, the filtered-beam search, and the constraint-guided heuristic search. All this is substantiated with described examples. Načrtovanje rokov in zmogljivosti spada v področje vodenja proizvodnje. Terminiranje pomeni razporejanje omejenih virov opravilom v določenem časovnem obdobju. Torej gre za postopek odločanja s ciljem optimizacije enegaali več meril. Splošno obsega grobo (dolgoročno), srednjeročno, in podrobno (kratkoročno) načrtovanje. Zadnjemu dajemo zaradi neposredne povezave z opravilno učinkovitostjo največji pomen. V prispevku so predstavljeni razviti postopki terminiranja: prednostna pravila, omejeno iskanje v snopu in hevristično preiskovanje glede na omejitve. Vse je podkrepljeno s prikazom na primerih.

The subject of the presented work is the International Material Data System (IMDS), which is incorporated in automobiles and was developed for the German car manufacturersć associationćs initiative to use it for the management of car manufacture from an environmental viewpoint. The IMDS is based on legislative regulations and the car manufacturers decision to recycle the largest possible number of cars. The database is used for manufacturers of rawmaterials and composites to input information on the chemical constitution of used materials, which enables car manufacturers to carry out an effective analysis of a cars composition. This analysis provides the means for car manufacturers to identify built-in dangerous materials and their location in aproduct, which makes it easier for manufacturers to define correction measures for the reduction of the amount of harmful substances. An example of data input, the current state of system applications and projections on further development of the system are described. The system analysis was carried out in the company SG Automative d.o.o., which supplies electronic composites to the automobile industry, on the basis of 214 inputs that this company received from its suppliers, and 229 inputs that were sent out by the company in question to its buyers. Besides execution of the analysis, an education course was presented in 35 Slovenian companies and in one Austrian and one German company these companies are using IMDS because it is demanded by their buyers. The experiences necessary for conducting an analysis were gained by attending working seminars in the Schefenacker group, which owns a 40% share in the worldwide production of external rear-view car mirrors. Prispevek opisuje mednarodno bazo podatkov o materialih (MBPM - IMDS), vgrajenih v osebna vozila, ki je nastala na pobudo združenja nemskih proizvajalcev avtomobilov, z namenom obvladovanja zgradbe avtomobila z vidika okoljevarstvenih zahtev. Izhodisče zanjo so zakonska določila in prostovoljna odločitev avtomobilskih proizvajalcev, da bo mogoče čim večji delež avtomobilov reciklirati. V opisano bazo vnašajo proizvajalci surovin in sklopov podatke o kemični sestavi uporabljenih materialov, kar omogoča proizvajalcem avtomobilov učinkovito analizo njihove sestave. Ta analiza omogoča identifikacijo vgrajenih skodljivih snovi in njihov polozaj v izdelkih, kar proizvajalcem olajša definiranje popravnih ukrepov za zmanjšanje deleza le-teh. Opisan je primer vnosa podatkov v sistem, trenutno stanje uporabnosti in predvidevanja o nadaljnjem razvoju sistema. Analiza sistema je bila narejena v podjetju SG Automotive d.o.o., ki dobavlja elektronske sklope avtomobilski industriji, na primeru dvesto štirinajstih vnosov, ki jih je to podjetje dobilo od svojih dobaviteljev, in dvesto devetindvajsetih vnosov, ki jih je isto podjetje poslalo svojim kupcem. Poleg omenjene analize je bilo izvedeno se izobraževanje v petintridesetih slovenskih, enem avstrijskem in enem nemškem podjetju, ki uporabljajo to bazo na zahtevo svojih kupcev. Izkušnje za analizo so bile pridobljene na delovnih seminarjih v skupini Schefenacker, ki ima 40-odstotni delež v svetovni proizvodnji zunanjih ogledal za avtomobile.

Diplomsko delo obravnava problem kontrole kakovosti v proizvodnji prirobnic. V podjetju je namreč trenutna merska kontrola izvedena ročno, s pomočjo digitalnih pomičnih meril različnih velikosti. Rezultate meritev nato vpisujejo v predlogo, kjer jih lahko primerjajo s prejšnjimi rezultati in z maksimalnimi in minimalnimi dovoljenimi merami. V želji večje kakovosti izdelkov je potrebno merjenje nadgraditi z merilno napravo. Preden sem se lotil iskanja primerne merilne naprave, sem naredil analizo trenutnih razmer in obstoječega načina merjenja. Delo sem nato nadaljeval z iskanjem ustreznih rešitev ter pridobivanjem ponudb različnih ponudnikov, dobljene ponudbe pa nato medsebojno primerjal ter glede na določene kriterije izbral najustreznejšo rešitev. Na koncu bomo izbrano rešitev implementirali v proizvodni proces. The diploma work studies the problem of quality control in the production of flanges. Current measurement control is done manually with digital callipers of different sizes. The results of the measurements are texted into the template where they can be compared with the previous results and with the maximum and minimum permissible dimensions. In order to ensure better quality of the products, the measurement needs to be upgraded with a measuring device. Before I started searching for a suitable measuring device, I made an analysis of the current situation and the existing measurement method. Than I continued with the search for appropriate solutions and obtaining the offers from various providers and then comparing the received offers, and, according to certain criteria, selected the most appropriate solution. In the end, the chosen solution will be implemented in the production process.

Kakovost je ključna pri obstoju in napredovanju podjetja. Organizacija mora na področju zagotavljanja kakovosti poskrbeti, da se organizirane dejavnosti izpeljejo tako, kot so bile načrtovane in mora vedno stremeti k izboljšanju kakovosti. V diplomskem delu je predstavljen potek nadzora procesa izdelave in izvajanje meritev posameznih komponent konzole za elektromotor, ki ga uporabljajo pri transportnih mizah v avtomobilski industriji. S sledenjem izbranega primera v proizvodnji MOS Servis d. o. o. smo analizirali trenutno stanje nadzora nad izdelovalnim procesom in s pridobljenimi informacijami podali predloge za izboljšave. Posvetili smo se izvajanju meritev komponent, rezultate meritev pa smo primerjali z zahtevanimi merami. Namen predlogov je izboljšanje obstoječega nadzora procesa izdelave in racionalizacija ter vzpostavitev sledljivega načina dokumentiranja nadzora. Quality is key to the existence and advancement of the company. In the field of quality assurance, the organization must ensure that the organized activities are carried out as planned and must always strive for quality improvement. The diploma thesis presents the process of controlling the manufacturing process and the measurement of individual components of the console for the electric motor used in transport tables in the automotive industry. By following the selected example in the production of MOS Servis d. o. o. we analysed the current state of control of the manufacturing process and provided suggestions for improvements with the information obtained. We dedicated ourselves to performing component measurements and compared the results to the required measurements. The purpose of the proposals is to improve existing control of the manufacturing process and to streamline it and to establish a traceable way of documenting controls.

Diplomsko delo obravnava nepravilno delujočo napravo za ravnanje vilic motornega kolesa. Tema naloge izhaja iz podjetja Talum d. d., kjer sem opravljal študentsko praktično usposabljanje. Začetki, delovanje in struktura Taluma je opisana na začetku naloge. Med preučitvijo naprave in njene tehnične dokumentacije je bila odkrita neskladnost. Merilni protokol izravnanih vilic je odstopal od načina ravnanja. Delo opisuje teoretične osnove tehnične dokumentacije, predvsem del o toleriranju lege in oblike ter vzpostavljanju sistema baz. Opisan je tudi postopek izdelave vilic in obstoječa naprava za ravnanje vilic. Z rekonstruiranjem dela naprave za ravnanje vilic je bila napaka odpravljena. The Undergraduate Thesis deals with the incorrectly working of the system for measuring contour of aluminium casts. Subject of the Thesis is brought form company Talum d. d., were I was doing my student practical education. Beginnings, work and structure of company Talum d. d. is written in the first part of thesis. With studying the system for measuring contour of aluminium casts and its technical documentation was founded that there is incompatibility. Measuring protocol of straightened forks was different form protocol for straightening. Work describes basics of technical documentation – tolerating of form and position and working with datum systems. Also is shown procedure of making aluminium forks and the existing system for measuring contour of aluminium casts. With reconstruction of some parts of the system the failure was fixed.

Obvladovanje kakovosti v proizvodnih in storitvenih podjetjih je zelo kompleksna naloga, saj potrebujemo celovit pristop k organizaciji, načrtovanju, vodenju in nadzoru vseh procesov. Eden od učinkovitih sodobnih pristopov k vodenju kakovosti je pristop »6-sigma«, ki je predstavljen v magistrski nalogi. Z uvedbo omenjenega pristopa smo želeli povečati učinkovitost oddelka kakovosti. Cilj magistrskega dela je prikazati, kako pristop 6-sigma vpliva na zmanjšanje neskladij, reševanje težav v proizvodnih procesih in vodenje analiz meritev. Pridobljene analitične podatke smo uporabili za spremljanje kakovosti proizvodnih procesov in strojev. S snovanjem primerne baze podatkov in uporabo pristopa 6-sigma bomo slabe vzorce odkrivali predčasno in s tem zmanjšali neskladja z zahtevami naših kupcev. Quality management in production and service companies is a very complex task, which consequently requires a more comprehensive approach in organization, planning, management and control of all processes. One of the most effective modern approaches in quality management is also the "6-sigma" approach, which is presented in the master thesis. By introducing this approach, we wanted to increase the quality department’s efficiency. The main objective of the master’s degree thesis is to demonstrate the consequential effects of 6-sigma approach on the reduction of inconsistencies, solving problems within production processes and conducting the measurements’ analyses. We used the obtained analytical data for monitoring the patterns of production and machines. With the appropriate database of information and the usage of 6-sigma approach we will be able to prematurely discover the poorly made samples and consequently decrease the disharmony with our customers.

V magistrskem delu je predstavljeno primerjalno umerjanje laserskih interferometrov. Izdelan je bil koncept postopka in ovrednotena merilna negotovost na osnovi eksperimenta. Eksperimentalno delo je bilo izvedeno v Laboratoriju za tehnološke meritve (LTM) na Fakulteti za strojništvo v Mariboru z namenom kasnejše izdelave dokumentacije za umerjanje laserskih interferometrov. Eksperimenti so bili izvedeni s pomočjo referenčnega laserskega interferometra, ki ga imamo v laboratoriju, ter z dvema industrijskima testnima laserskima interferometroma. Ugotovljeno je bilo, da v laboratoriju dosegamo ustrezne pogoje za izvedbo meritev, potrebno pa je biti pazljiv pri sami postavitvi laserjev, saj orientacija laserjev povzroča ključne pogreške pri umerjanju. Prav tako je potrebno izbrati pravilno metodo primerjave, saj lahko tudi ta bistveno vpliva na rezultat umerjanja. The master's thesis presents comparative calibration of laser interferometers. The concept of a procedure and evaluation of measurement uncertainty was created based on an experiment. The experiment was made in the Laboratory for production measurement (LTM) at the Faculty of Mechanical Engineering for the purpose of preparing documentation for calibrating laser interferometers. The experiments were made by using a reference laser interferometer owned by the laboratory, and with two industrial test laser interferometers. It was discovered, that we have proper conditions for performing measurements in our laboratory, but we have to be careful with laser layout, due to different errors. We also have to choose appropriate comparison method, because it can affect the results of calibration.

Diplomsko delo predstavlja preverjanje skladnosti konstrukcijskih značilnosti in izdelavo ter analizo merilne tehnike s 3-koordinatno merilno roko končnega izdelka v podjetju Stroj d. o. o. iz Radelj ob Dravi. Ker so naročniki ter končni potrošniki izdelka vedno bolj zahtevni in hočejo boljšo kakovost, je potrebno izdelke izdelati v skladu z zelo zahtevnimi merili. Proces merjenja izdelka in primerjava dobljenih vrednosti se začne, ko izdelek zapusti proizvodno linijo in se konča, ko potrdimo ujemanje izdelka s konstrukcijskimi zahtevami naročnika. V diplomski nalogi so prikazane vse konstrukcijske zahteve izdelka, katere se mora pri izdelavi upoštevati in nato pri merjenju tudi potrditi njihovo ujemanje. This thesis presents checking the design features and production and analysis of measurement technology with a 3-coordinate measuring arm of the finished product at the company Stroj d.o.o. from Radlje ob Dravi. Because the customers and end users increase their demands and want better quality, the products have to be made according to the demanding criteria. The process of measuring the product and comparing the obtained values begins when the product leaves the production line and ends when we confirm the matching of the product with the design requirements of the customer. This thesis presents all the design requirements of a product which must be taken into account during manufacturing. Then, the matching of the product must also be confirmed.

Podjetja težijo k čim hitrejšemu in zanesljivemu merjenju izdelkov, ki je hkrati ekonomično ugodno. Zato se v določenih primerih poslužijo merilnih priprav, s katerimi omogočijo ekonomično ugodnejše meritve pri nadzoru geometrijskih značilnosti večje količine izdelkov. V ta namen smo se v podjetju Unior d.d. odločili za izdelavo zasnove merilne priprave, ki bi bila najprimernejša za merjenje tankostenskega odkovka s specifičnimi geometrijskimi zahtevami. V nalogi sem na osnovi definiranih dimenzij in toleranc določil geometrijske značilnosti kalibrov za preverjanje pozicij izvrtin in analiziral odstopanja centrov izvrtin že izdelanih izdelkov. Na osnovi izvedene analize sem skonstruiral tri variante, katere smo na podlagi lastnih ocenjevalnih kriterijev ocenili. Izbrali smo konstrukcijsko in cenovno najbolj ugodno rešitev ki je predstavljena, na koncu diplomskega dela. Companies are tilting to fast and reliable product measurements, which are also cost efficient. Therefore, special measuring appliances, securing cost efficient measurement of bigger number of pieces are widely used. For that purpose, in company Unior d.d. was decided to design a measuring appliance, which will be most suitable for checking geometric characteristics of a thin-walled forged part with specific geometrical characteristics. In the thesis, I have calculated geometrical characteristics of plug gauges for inspecting hole positions, analyzed deviations of previous parts and designed three models, which were evaluated based on our own criteria. Chosen model with the most suitable design and economical efficiency, is presented at the end of the thesis.

Geometrijske specifikacije izdelkov v strojni industriji postajajo vse bolj kompleksne, zato je v večini primerov nujna vključitev trikoordinatnih merilnih naprav v sistem nadzora geometrijskih značilnosti izdelkov. Ker se v podjetju Euroinoks d. o. o. pojavljajo vse bolj kompleksni izdelki z ozkimi tolerancami, so se odločili, da bodo klasični nadzor geometrije izdelkov zamenjali s trikoordinatno merilno tehniko. Glavni cilj diplomskega dela je določitev merilne strategije, izdelava merilnega programa in analiza skladnosti geometrijskih značilnosti za tipičen izdelek v podjetju. V nalogi so predstavljene osnove trikoordinatne merilne tehnike in konkretna aplikacija na primeru. Aplikacijo smo preizkusili na koordinatni merilni napravi in analizirali merilne rezultate. Geometrical product specifications in industry are getting more and more complex, this is why in most cases it is necessary to include coordinate measuring devices in the system for inspecting geometric characteristics of the products. Because in the Euroinoks Ltd. firm there are more and more complex products with narrow tolerances, they've decided to change the classic product inspection with coordinate measuring technique. The main goal of this thesis is to determine the measuring strategies, to make a measuring program and an analysis of uniformity of geometric characteristics for a typical product in the firm. The basics of coordinate measuring technique and the concrete application on an example are introduced in the thesis. The application was tested on a coordinate measuring machine and the measuring results were analysed.

Namen diplomskega dela je analizirati namenske merilne naprave v proizvodni liniji v podjetju GKN Driveline, ki se uporabljajo za meritve notranje konture čepa po brušenju, in odpraviti ugotovljene nepravilnosti pri nadzoru procesa. V teoretičnem delu diplomskega dela sta zajeta opis merilnega sistema in merilnih naprav ter izvedba meritev. V analitičnem delu so zajeti analiza, ovrednotenje podatkov, primerjava rezultatov in izboljšave na merilnem sistemu oziroma merilnih napravah, ki smo jih izvedli za odpravo nepravilnosti in izboljšavo nadzora procesa brušenja. The purpose of this diploma thesis is to analyse the dedicated measuring devices used for measuring the plug's inner contour after grinding process set on the production line in the company GKN Driveline, and eliminate detected faults found during the process control. Theoretical part of the diploma thesis contains the description of measuring system, measuring devices, and the performance of measurements. Analytic part of the diploma thesis focuses on analysis, evaluation of the data, comparison of the results and improvements made in the measuring system and measuring devices performed to eliminate the detected faults and improve the grinding process control.

V diplomskem delu je predstavljeno merjenje geometrijskih značilnosti na nosilcu motorja, ki se uporablja v manjših gospodinjskih aparatih. Na izdelku sem izbral določene geometrijske značilnosti, ki sem jih nato ovrednotil z uporabo dveh trikoordinatnih merilnih metod. V podjetju BSH Hišni aparati d. o. o. Nazarje se je za opravljanje meritev uporabil CT-stroj, v Laboratoriju za tehnološke meritve na Fakulteti za strojništvo v Mariboru pa tipalna koordinatna merilna naprava. Opisana je teorija trikoordinatne merilne tehnike, postopek opravljanja meritev ter primerjava izmerjenih rezultatov obeh metod. The thesis presents measurement of geometric characteristics on a motor holder which is used in small household appliances. I selected certain geometric characteristics on the product which I evaluated by using two three coordinate measuring techniques. In the company BSH Home Appliances Ltd Nazarje, the CT machine was used for carrying out measurements. However, in the Laboratory for Production Measurement at the Faculty of Mechanical Engineering in Maribor the coordinate measuring device was used. I described the theory of three coordinate measuring technique, the process of carrying out the measurements and the comparison of registered results of both methods.

V diplomskem delu je predstavljen nadzor kakovosti procesa brušenja valjev B4 v podjetju Impol d. o. o., iz Slovenske Bistrice. Ker se na trgu pojavljajo zahteve po višji kakovosti, je potrebno izboljševati nadzor kakovosti procesa brušenja. Opisan postopek brušenja se začne, ko valj pripeljejo na brušenje, in konča, ko je zbrušen valj po opravljenih meritvah znotraj željenih toleranc. Predstavljena je organizacija nadzora kakovosti v brusilnici in merilna oprema, ki se uporablja za nadzor kakovosti brušenja valjev. Prikazane so tolerance, znotraj katerih mora biti izdelek in ukrepi v primeru neskladnosti. This thesis describes quality control in the process of grinding cylinders B4 in the company Impol d. o. o.. Since the market is rising demands regarding the product quality, current quality control of the grinding process needs to be improved. The described grinding process begins when the cylinder is lead to grinding and finishes when the cylinder is within desired tolerances. Organization of quality control and measuring equipment, which is used for quality control are presented. Cylinder tolerances, and actions in case of non-compliance are describes as well.

Z namenom nenehnega zvišanja produktivnosti v podjetju obstaja potreba za vse boljšo organizacijo celotnega podjetja, proizvodnega obrata in s tem posameznih delovnih mest. Ena od možnosti, da bi dosegli boljšo organizacijo delovnih mest, je uporaba japonske metode 5S za urejanje delovnih mest. V delu so opisane metode in orodja za zagotavljanje kakovosti in organizacijo delovnih mest s podrobno obdelavo metode 5S ter postopek uvajanja metode 5S v podjetje TMT d. o. o. Predstavljena so navodila, kako doseči kontinuirano izvajanje metode in podani predlogi za nadaljnje izboljšave. With the purpose of constant rise of productivity in a company, there is a need for better and better organization of the whole company, production plant, and individual work positions. One of the possibilities to achieve better organization of work positions is using of the Japanese method 5S for orderliness of work positions. Methods and tools to assure quality and organization of work positions with detailed presentation for the method 5S are described in the thesis. The procedure of the method 5S introduction in the company TMT Ltd is described as well as the instructions how to achieve continuous enforcement of the method and there are some suggestions for further improvements given.

V današnjem času je za kvalitetno proizvodnjo in njen nadzoro vodenje potreben dober merilni sistem, ki zagotavlja kvalitetne in dovolj natančne točne meritve izdelkov. Zelo pomembno je dovolj dobro poznati sposobnosti meroslovne zmogljivosti merilne opreme, saj lahko le tako zagotovimo kvaliteten produkt in vodenje proizvodnega procesa. V diplomskem delu bom sem na osnovi eksperimentalne analize preveril meroslovne sposobnosti zadanegazmogljivosti optičnega 3D merilnega sistema. Na začetku naloge so podane teoretične osnove, za boljšeo predstavo delovanja merilnega sistema. V nadaljevanju je opis praktičnega preizkusa in pregled dobljenih rezultatov. Na koncu je podano mnenje o merilni sposobnostimeroslovni zmogljivosti merilnega sistema. Nowadays, for quality production and its management monitoring there is a strong need for a reliable measuring system which allows precise and high quality measuring of products. It is very important to know the metrological capabilities of measurement instruments in order to ensure the quality of products as well as management of the production process. In the present thesis I have tested metrological capabilities of an selected optical 3D measuring system by executing experimental measurements. At the beginning, there are some theoretical basics for better understanding of how the measuring system works. It is followed by the description of a practical experiment and the review of the collected data. At the end, I have included my own opinion on metrological capabilities of the measuring system.

Zahteve glede zanesljivosti in točnosti dimenzionalnih meritev v industriji so vse večje. Zato je izjemno pomembno zelo dobro poznati vse meroslovne karakteristike posameznega merilnega procesa. V diplomski nalogi je obravnavano področje optičnih in tipalnih trikoordinatnih meritev. V teoretičnem delu diplomskega dela predstavljamo osnove meroslovja, trikoordinatno merilno tehniko in optične merilne naprave. Empirični del diplomskega dela sestoji iz meritev in rezultatov. Na začetku predstavimo izdelek nato pa pripravo na meritve in meritve na trikoordinatni merilni napravi. Sledi še opis meritev na optičnem digitalizatorju. Zaključimo s primerjalno analizo optičnega digitalizatorja na podlagi referenčnih meritev na trikoordinatni merilni napravi. Demands considering reliability and accuracy of dimensional measurements in the industry are increasing. Very good knowledge about the metrological characteristics of each measurement process is therefore extremely important. The diploma paper deals with the field of optical and sensory three-coordinate measurements. In the theoretical part of the diploma paper we present basics of metrology, three coordinate measuring technique and optical measuring devices. The empirical part of diploma consists of measurements and results. At the beginning we present the product, and then preparation of measurements and measurements on a three-coordinate measuring devices. The following is a description of the measurements on the optical digitizer. We conclude with the comparative analysis of the optical digitizer based on the reference measurements on the three-coordinate measuring device.

Magistrsko delo obravnava nadzor kakovosti procesa izdelave izdelka hladilne plošče v podjetju z maloserijsko proizvodnjo. Na primeru izdelka je analizirana trenutna organiziranost podjetja pri nadzorovanju procesov in spremljanju stroškov kakovosti. Na podlagi te analize so podani predlogi sprememb organizacije sistema nadzora procesov v podjetju in spremljanja stroškov slabe kakovosti. Namen predlogov je izboljšanje sistema vodenja kakovosti podjetja ter ureditev spremljanja stroškov kakovosti v podjetju. In the master's thesis quality control of the process of making a cooling plate in the company with small-scale production is researched and discussed. In this case study of the product the current organization of the company in the process control and monitoring of the cost of quality are analysed. Based on this analysis, proposals for improvement in the organization of the company's process control system and the monitoring of poor quality costs are given. The purpose of the given proposals is to improve the quality of the management system of the company and to regulate the monitoring of the company's quality costs.

Pomen kakovosti procesa pridobiva vse večji pomen. Zato je ključnega pomena, da se tega podjetja zavedajo in so seznanjena z metodami in orodji zagotavljanja kakovosti, s čimer lahko dosežemo višjo raven kakovosti procesa in posledično končnega produkta procesa. V ta namen so v nalogi predstavljene bistvene in najbolj razširjene metode in orodja zagotavljanja kakovosti, s pomočjo oziroma z uporabo katerih uspešno zagotavljamo želeno kakovost končnega produkta za odjemalca. Na realnem primeru predstavljen proces razvoja izdelave in same vpeljave v serijsko proizvodnjo pa prikazuje potrebne korake za odobritev prvih vzorcev ali menjavo orodja na stroju za brizganje plastične mase. Predstavljeni so vsi potrebni koraki tretje stopnje metode PPAP, ki jih je naročnik zahteval. The importance of the quality of the process has become very important. It is therefore crucial that the companies are aware of and are familiar with the methods and tools of quality assurance, thus achieving a higher level of quality of the process and, consequently, the final product of the process. To this end, the thesis presents the essential and most widespread methods and tools of quality assurance, through use of which one can successfully provide the desired quality of the final product to the client. In the analysed case the process of developing and producing a single introduction into serial production is presented and the necessary steps for the approval of the first samples and tool changes on the machine for injection moulding of plastics are shown. Featured in this master thesis are all necessary steps of the PPAP third degree method that was demanded by the client.

Koordinatne merne mašine (KMM) su dominantni merni instrumenti udimenzionalnoj metrologiji. NJihovom upotrebom se može izmeritibilo koja makro tolerancija označena na tehničkoj dokumentaciji.Tolerancija ravnosti je često prisutna u cilju izvršenja zahtevanihfunkcionalnih zahteva radnog predmeta. Istraživanja sprovedena uovom radu se bave problemom procene greške ravnosti merene na KMMzasnovane na metodi minimalne zone i procene merne nesigurnosti zaovaj merni zadakat. Aksenat je stavljen na primeni Monte Karlometode kao simulacionog alata za procenu merne nesigurnosti.Razvijena je nova metodologija za procenu greške ravnosti kao isimulacioni model za procenu merne nesigurnosti za ovaj mernizadatak., Coordinate measuring machines (CMMs) are dominant measuringinstruments in dimensional metrology. These machines can measure anymacro-tolerance indicated in the technical documentation. Flatness toleranceis often present with the aim of completing the needed functionalrequirements of a workpiece. The investigation conducted in this paperconsiders the problem of assessing the flatness error measured on a CMMbased on the minimum zone method and on the method of evaluatingmeasurement uncertainty for this measuring task. The emphasis is on theuse of Monte Carlo method as a simulation tool for evaluating measurementuncertainty. A new methodology for assessing the flatness error has beendeveloped, as well as a simulation model for evaluating measurementuncertainty for this measuring task.

Kakovost zraka, ki ga dihamo, je bistven za naše zdravje in dobro počutje. V bolnišnici, kjer so pacienti imunsko oslabljeni in je velika nevarnost prenosa okužb in povzročitve drugih bolezni zaradi slabega zraka, je bistveno, da kakovosti zraka posvečamo posebno pozornost. Ustrezno zračno maso v prostoru zagotovimo z vzpostavitvijo sistema nenehnega izboljševanja kakovosti in prepoznavanjem možnih tveganj. Za vzpostavitev in vzdrževanje takšnega sistema so nam na voljo številne metode zagotavljanja kakovosti. V tem magistrskem delu so prikazane le tiste, ki so za namen obvladovanja kakovosti zraka prepoznane kot najprimernejše. S pomočjo teh metod sem izdelal predlog celovitega sistema za zagotavljanje kakovosti zraka v izbrani bolnišnici. The quality of the air we breathe is essential to our health and well-being. In the hospital where the patients are immunocompromised there is a high risk of transmission of infections and causing of other diseases due to poor air. It is therefore essential that we pay special attention to the quality of the air. The appropriate air mass in the indoor space is assured by establishing a system of continuous improvement of quality and identification of potential risks. To establish and maintain such a system a number of quality management methods are available. Only the methods that are recognised as the most adequate for the purpose of managing air quality are presented in this thesis. Based on these methods I've designed a comprehensive system for assurance of air quality in the selected hospital.

Magistrsko delo obravnava nadgradnjo sistema vodenja kakovosti v proizvodnem podjetju, v skladu z zahtevami tehnične specifikacije ISO TS 16949:2009. Predstavljene so vse faze procesa, ki nastopajo od samega razvoja proizvoda do serijske proizvodnje, in merilni postopki ter naprave, s katerimi zagotavljamo nadzor kakovosti procesa izdelave obravnavanega izdelka v skladu z zahtevami omenjenega standarda. Predstavljeno je tudi obvladovanje stroškov kakovosti in načrtovane investicije, povezane z nadzorom kakovosti, s katerima bo podjetje še povečalo nivo nadzora kakovosti proizvodov in hkrati kupcem zagotovilo še kvalitetnejše proizvode ter še dodatno znižalo odstotek proizvodov neustrezne kakovosti. My master’s thesis deals with the upgrade of a quality management system in a manufacturing company in accordance with the requirements of the technical specification ISO TS 16949:2009. All stages of the process are presented, from the product development to serial production, as well as measurement processes and systems which ensure quality control in the manufacturing process of the product in accordance with the requirements of the aforementioned standard. The control of quality costs and planned investments, related to quality control, is also presented. By that the company will increase the level of product quality control, while providing customers with higher quality products and further reducing the percentage of poor quality products.

V današnjem času je od zamisli neke naprave do izdelave le-te potrebno upoštevati določene smernice, pravilnike in ostale zakonodajne dokumente. V diplomskem delu so opisani postopki od zasnove naprave za merjenje trgalne sile do pridobitve oznake CE, ki je nujna pri postavljanju nove naprave v proizvodnjo oziroma na trg. Na začetku dela je opisan postopek ugotavljanja skladnosti ter naprava za merjenje trgalne sile. V nadaljevanju so predstavljene zakonodajne zahteve in direktive, ki jih je bilo potrebno upoštevati, da ima naprava zagotovljeno ustrezno varnost in je primerna za uporabo v podjetju Gorenje Orodjarna d.o.o. Nowadays, to go from an idea for a device to actually making it, one must comply with certain guidelines, rules and other legislative documents. The diploma thesis describes the procedures from designing a device for measuring tear resistance to obtaining CE marking, which is required for a new device to go into production or on the market. The diploma thesis begins by describing the conformity assessment procedure and the device for measuring tear resistance. It continues with a presentation of the directives and legislation which had to be complied with in order for the device to be safe to operate and suitable for use in the company Gorenje Orodjarna d.o.o.

Zagotavljanje varnega prevoza potnikov in tovora v zračnem prometu kot obliki javnega prevoza je pomembno za vse. V katastrofalnem dogodku so poleg oseb in predmetov na krovu plovila lahko prizadete tudi osebe in objekti na tleh. V diplomskem delu sem obravnaval sistem upravljanja varnosti v letalskem podjetju, ki je namenjen obvladovanju nevarnosti in tveganja in s tem zmanjševanju možnosti za nezaželene dogodke. V prvem delu sem predstavil predpise, teoretične zahteve in priporočila, v drugem delu pa uvajanje sistema, njegovo delovanje, nadzor nad delovanjem in stalno izboljševanje delovanja na praktičnem primeru. Ensuring the safe air transport of passengers and cargo as a form of public transport is important for everyone. In a catastrophic event, in addition to persons and objects on board of a vessel, persons and objects on the ground could also be affected. In this thesis, I want to present safety management system in an airline company, which is intended for the management of hazards and risks and thereby reducing the possibility of undesirable events. The first part is comprised of regulations, the theoretical requirements and recommendations and in the second part the implementation of the system, its operation, operations monitoring and supervision and continuous performance improvement on a practical example.

V diplomski nalogi je obdelana tehnična regulativa in postopki za pridobitev certifikata za pločevinast kanal za mehanski odvod dima in toplote iz enega požarnega sektorja po Slovenskem standardu SIST EN 12101-7:2011 v podjetju Klima Celje, d.d.. V našem podjetju smo leta 2010 pridobili Slovensko tehnično soglasje STS-10/0026, ki nam ga je podelil Zavod za gradbeništvo Slovenije na podlagi določil Zakona o gradbenih proizvodih – ZG Pro (Ur. list RS, št. 52/00 in št. 110/02-ZGO-1) po direktivah Evropske skupnosti, ki opredeljujejo zakone, predpise in upravne določbe držav članic, ki se nanašajo na gradbene proizvode in izdelavo ter uporabo le teh. This diploma thesis deals with the technical regulations and procedures for certifying sheet metal ducts for the mechanical smoke and heat outlet from one fire sector according to the Slovenian standard SIST EN 12101-7:2011 in the company Klima Celje, Plc. In 2010 our company acquired the Slovenian Technical Approval STS-10/0026 from the Slovenian Institute of Civil Engineering on the basis of the provisions regarding the Law on Construction Products – ZG Pro (Official Gazette of Republic of Slo., N. 52/00 and N. 110/02-ZGO-1) according to the EU directives, defining laws, regulations and administrative provisions of member states in regard to the construction products, as well as their production and use.

V diplomskem delu je predstavljena zasnova in izdelava merilne priprave za merjenje širine utora na pestu, ki je sestavni del homokinetičnega zgloba. Utor ima specifično obliko, zato je bilo potrebno skonstruirati takšno merilno pripravo, ki bo omogočala merjenje širine utora. Za izdelavo merilne priprave so se naročniki odločili, ker so hoteli poenostaviti meritev in jo izvajati na samem delovnem mestu. Najprej smo se lotili konceptualne zasnove merilne priprave. Določili smo okvirne omejitve, kot so velikost in postavitev merilne priprave. Glede na to, kakšne so naše tehnološke omejitve pri izdelavi posameznih delov merilne priprave, smo izdelali načrte vseh delov. Hkrati smo določili tudi tehnologijo obdelave, ki jo bomo uporabili pri izdelovanju delov. Odločili smo se, da bodo vsi ključni deli po končani grobi mehanski in termični obdelavi brušeni in površinsko zaščiteni proti koroziji. Ko so bili vsi deli merilne priprave izdelani, smo natančno sestavili vse dele. Sledilo je umerjanje in testiranje merilne priprave. Testiranje je najprej potekalo v našem podjetju kasneje pa še v podjetju naročnika. This thesis presents the design and costruction of a measuring device for measuring the width of the groove on the hub which is an integral part of the homokinetic joint. The groove has a specific shape and it was necessary to construct such a measuring device that will allow measurement of the width of the groove. The clients decided for the production of measuring devices because they wanted to simplify measurement and implement on the job. First of all, we decided to start the conceptual design of the measuring device. We determined the indicative limits such as the size and the layout of the measuring device. Depending on our technological limitations in manufacture of individual parts of measuring device we designed all parts. At the same time we also determine the processing technology which will be used in the manufacture of parts. We decided that all the key parts will be after a completed rough mechanical and thermal treatment sharpened and protected against corrosion. When all the parts of the measuring device were constructed we carefully put together all pieces. Then the calibration and testing of the measuring device followed. The first testing took place in our company and later on in the client’s company.

Ocenjevanje obremenitve okolja s hrupom lahko podajamo na podlagi izvajanja meritev hrupa ali z uporabo 3D akustičnih modelov, z uporabo računskih metod. Magistrsko delo obravnava postopek vrednotenja hrupa z uporabo računske metode za industrijske vire hrupa, ki temelji na standardu SIST ISO 9613-2, metode meritev hrupa v okolju, primerjavo med vrednostmi hrupa, pridobljeno z uporabo računske metode in meritvami v realnih pogojih, ter oceno računske in merilne negotovosti izvedenih meritev. 3D akustični model smo izdelali z računalniškim programom LimA, version 9.12, proizvajalca Stapelfeldt Ingenieuergesellschaft GmbH. V zaključku sta podani validacija računskega modela industrijskih virov hrupa s podrobno analizo računske in merilne negotovosti ter analiza rezultata. Evaluation of noise exposure may be provided on the basis of measurements of noise or by using 3D acoustic model, by using computational methods. The master’s thesis deals with a description of calculation methods for industrial noise sources, based on the method specified in the standard SIST ISO 9613-2, methods of measurement of environmental noise calculation and comparison of noise levels obtained by using calculation method and measurements in real conditions, assessment of calculation uncertainty and measurement uncertainty of the measurements performed. 3D acoustic model was created by using a program LimA, version 9.12, developed by Stapelfeldt Ingenieuergesellschaft GmbH. In conclusion we present the validation of the calculation model of industrial noise sources with detailed analysis and calculation of measurement uncertainty, and analysis of results.

Namen magistrskega dela je izboljšava procesa nadzora kakovosti dobavljenih električnih aparatov, katere proizvaja zunanji dobavitelj. Zaradi dobaviteljeve geografske oddaljenosti je onemogočena vsakodnevna prisotnost lastnih nadzornikov kakovosti, zato je potrebno vzpostaviti zanesljiv sistem nadzora kakovosti ter vpeljevanje izboljšav procesa proizvodnje in procesa nadzora. Potrebno je poznati razloge za izbiro dobavitelja in aparata, ter faze skozi katere gre aparat v času od zasnove, izdelave do prodaje končnemu uporabniku, kot tudi potrebne poprodajne aktivnosti, ki bi morebiti bile potrebne za zagotavljanje zadovoljstva uporabnika. Nadzor kakovosti je eden od elementov zagotavljanja ustreznega ugleda blagovne znamke, ki jo nosi aparat. Aparat mora prinašati uporabno vrednost uporabniku. Zaradi tega je to zelo pomemben proces, ki se mora stalno izboljševati. V delu so predstavljeni tako razlogi za tako sodelovanje, elementi, ki vplivajo na odločitev o izbiri dobavitelja in aparata, načini pregleda proizvedenega aparata, kot tudi beleženje najdenih napak ter ponovno odločanje o definiciji aparata in proizvodnega procesa za izboljšanje kakovosti. Rezultat dela je proces, ki se kontinuirano vrača na svoj začetek z novimi spoznanji, ki so bila zabeležena ob morebitnih odpovedih in tako vzpostavlja krožno metodo stalnega izpopolnjevanja. The purpose of this Master's thesis is improvement of the quality control process of supplied electrical appliances produced by an external supplier. The supplier's geographical remoteness disables daily presence of its own quality supervisors, so it is necessary to establish a reliable quality control system and introducing improvements in the production process and control process. It is necessary to know the reasons for selecting the supplier and the appliance, and the stages the appliance is going through at the time of the design, manufacturing and sale to the end consumer, as well as the necessary after-sales activities needed to ensure user satisfaction. Quality control is one of the elements of ensuring proper brand reputation of the appliance. The user must get the expected satisfaction from the appliance. For this reason, it is very important to establish a constantly improving control process. The thesis presents the grounds for such cooperation, elements that affect the decision on the supplier and the appliance selection, postproduction inspection, as well as recording of found errors and a reconsideration of the definition of the appliance and the production process in order to improve the quality. The result is a work process that continually returns to its start with new findings recorded at any failures and thus creates a circular method of continuous improvement.

V diplomskem delu je predstavljeno načrtovanje in nadzor procesa proizvodnje zobnika v podjetju CNC P&K, d. o. o., iz Radelj ob Dravi. Prikazan je način organizacije nadzora kakovosti v podjetju ter uporaba merilne opreme, uporabljene za nadzor kakovosti izbranega izdelka. Prikazan je potek spremljanja kakovosti zobnika od izdelave kontrolnega plana, odvisnega predvsem od kritičnih toleranc, preko izdelave do kontrole in ukrepanje v primeru neskladnosti . The aim of the thesis is to present the design and production process control plan of company CNC P&K d.o.o. The mode organization of quality control and the use of measuring equipment used to ensure the quality of the selected product are reflected. It shows the operation of monitoring the quality of gear from design of control plan, depends primarily on the evaluation of critical tolerances, through manufacture to control, and action in the event of non-compliance.

Diplomsko delo opisuje postopek zagotavljanja ustrezne kakovosti kroglic homokinetičnega zgloba in izdelavo PY za avtomatsko kontrolo ustrezne velikosti kroglic. Zaradi stalnih reklamacij našega kupca GKN Driveline Olešnica Poljska in njihovega končnega kupca FIAT Poljska je bila podana zahteva s strani FIAT-a, da moramo v GKN Driveline Slovenija najti ustrezno rešitev in preprečiti reklamacije, ki se nanašajo na – »pomešane kroglice v HKZ«. Za kontrolo ustrezne velikosti kroglic smo izbrali metodo POKA YOKE. Z izdelavo PY za avtomatsko kontrolo ustrezne velikosti kroglic smo hoteli vplivati na zmanjšanje reklamacij končnega kupca. Ta metoda preprečuje pomešanje kroglic. Narejena je bila tudi analiza možnih napak in njihovih posledic – FMEA. The thesis describes the procedure of ensuring the appropriate quality of balls in homokinetic joint and the manufacturing of PY for the automatic control of the appropriate size of balls. Due to the repeated complaints of our customer (GKN Driveline Olešnica, Poland) and their final customer (FIAT Poland), FIAT made a demand that GKN Driveline Slovenia has to find the best solution and prevent the complaints about the »mixed-up balls in HKZ«. We used the POKA YOKE method to control the appropriate size of balls. By producing PY for the automatic control of the appropriate size of balls, we wanted to reduce the number of final customer's complaints. This method prevents balls from mixing up. The analysis of potential errors and their consequences (FMEA) was also carried out.

Diplomsko delo obravnava analizo merilnih sistemov za višino in vzporednost stikala glede na ravnino tiskanega vezja vklopnega gumba kuhinjskega aparata. Ti dve karakteristiki imata vpliv na varnost delovanja aparata, zato smo z namenom učinkovitega nadzora kakovosti elektronik uvedli kontrolne priprave, ki nam omogočajo tudi hitrejše in lažje izvajanje meritev, predvsem pa je izboljšana ponovljivost in obnovljivosti merilnih rezultatov. Zaradi različnih lokacij izvajanja meritev smo izvedli analizo Gage R & R z merilci na vsaki lokaciji posebej in iskali korelacijo med meritvami pri dobavitelju in meritvami v BSH. This diploma thesis covers measuring systems analysis for the height and parallelism of the switch regarding the flat surface of the printed circuit board. These two characteristics have an impact on the safety operating of the appliance. With the purpose of achieving an effective quality control of electronics, we have introduced control devices which enable faster and easier performance of measurements, and in particular the repeatability and reproducibility of measurement results have been improved. Due to different locations of performing the measurements, we made a Gage R & R analysis with operators separately located on each location and searched for a correlation between the measurements performed by the supplier, and measurements performed at BSH.