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There are several methods of laboratory diagnosis of filarids, the most used are the thick smear and the Knott method. Both are quick to perform, have a low cost and allow observing the presence, quantifying and analyzing the morphological characteristics of microfilariae. Knowing the morphological viability of fixed microfilariae is of practical importance, as it allows the transport of samples to a laboratory, facilitates epidemiological studies , and allows the storage of samples for didactic. Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate the morphological viability of microfilariae fixed in the refrigerated modified knott test using 2% formalin. To perform the modified Knott technique, 10 samples of microfilaremic dogs aged over 6 months were used. To evaluate the morphological viability time of the microfilariae in the modified Knott concentrate, the evaluations were repeated after intervals of 0, 1, 7, 30, 60, 120, 180, 240, and 304 days. In the present study, we did not verify any difference in the morphology of the microfilariae in any of the analyzed intervals from day 0 to 304 days, and it is possible to conclude that the use of 2% formalin in the modified Knott technique allows the microfilariae to be identified in a period of 304 days. days after processing the sample without changes in its morphology., Existem diversos métodos de diagnóstico laboratorial de filarídeos, os mais utilizados são a gota espessa e o método do Knott. Ambos são de rápida execução, possui baixo custo e permitem observar a presença, quantificar e analisar as características morfológicas das microfilárias. Conhecer a viabilidade morfológica das microfilárias fixadas tem importância prática, pois permite o transporte de amostras para um laboratório, facilita estudos epidemiológicos, e permite o armazenamento de amostras para fins didáticos. Desta maneira, o objetivo do trabalho foi avaliar a viabilidade morfológica das microfilárias fixadas em teste do knott modificado refrigerado utilizando formalina a 2%. Para realização da técnica de knott modificado foram utilizadas 10 amostras de cães microfilarêmicos, com idade superior a 6 meses. Para avaliar o tempo de viabilidade morfológica das microfilárias no concentrado de Knott modificado, foram repedidas as avaliações após intervalos de 0,1,7, 30, 60, 120, 180, 240 e 304 dias. No presente estudo não verificamos diferença na morfologia das microfilárias em nenhum dos intervalos analisados deste do dia 0 até 304 dias, sendo possível concluir que a utilização da formalina a 2% na técnica de Knott modificada permite que as microfilárias possam ser identificadas em período de 304 dias após o processamento da amostra sem que ocorram alterações na sua morfologia.

Aelurostrongylosis, caused by the metastrongylid nematode Aelurostrongylus abstrusus, is an underestimated feline respiratory disease. Cats infected by A. abstrusus may show subclinical to severe clinical signs. Aelurostrongylus abstrusus has a worldwide distribution. Nevertheless, studies on this parasite in Brazil are scarce, and most have been conducted in the southern regions. This study investigated the occurrence of A. abstrusus in cats in Vilhena, Rondônia, Brazil, from April 2020 to February 2021. Three consecutive individual fecal samples from 101 cats were examined using Baermann and Hoffman tests. Two cats (1.98%) scored positive for A. abstrusus, one with the Baermann examination, and one with the Hoffman technique. No other lungworms were retrieved. The clinicopathological and epizootiological implications are described and discussed.

The application of hydrotherapy is growing in the field of animal rehabilitation to improve strength, endurance, fitness, and range of motion, in addition to reducing pain. In the same way, land-based activity is recommended for various conditions, including hypertension, muscle atrophy, and obesity. There is a lack of studies that evaluate the safety of incremental exercise in American Pit Bull Terriers. This study assessed the influence of activity on underwater and dry land treadmills on the physiological parameters of dogs. In this regard, 12 adult, male, healthy, and untrained American Pit Bull Terriers were subjected to an incremental exercise test (IET) on the underwater treadmill (Group I) and the dry land treadmill (Group II). Heart rate (HR), respiratory rate (RR), rectal temperature (RT), systolic blood pressure (SBP), and electrocardiographic evaluation, were evaluated before activity (T0), immediately after (T1), 30 min after (T2), and 90 min after the end of exercise (T3), and plasmatic lactate concentrations were measured at T0, T1, and T2 time points. Results obtained were submitted to the Shapiro-Wilk test, ANOVA and Tukey’s test, considering P

Made available in DSpace on 2022-04-28T19:49:33Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2021-01-01 Background: The brown bear (Ursus arctos) is considered one of the largest terrestrial carnivores, native from temperate forest regions of North America, Europe and Asia. In Brazil, they are founded in captivity and their safe capture and immobilization are obtained with one effective anesthesia for management and surgical and diagnostic procedures. Some anesthetic protocols are described for these purposes, however, there is a lack for data on the anesthetic and adverse effects they have on bears when used. The aim of this case is to report the use and effects of the association of dexmedetomidine with tiletamine and zolazepam in the chemical containment of a captive adult brown bear. Case: A 33-year-old female brown bear, weighing 100 kg, belonging to the Zoobotanic Park of Teresina, Piauí, Brazil, was chemically immobilized for an incisional biopsy of a cutaneous nodule with 1.0 cm diameter in the right face region. The anesthetic protocol included 6 μg/kg of dexmedetomidine associated with 3 mg/kg of tiletamine and zolazepam, administered intramuscularly by dart into the gluteal region of the right pelvic limb. The animal showed moderate ataxia at 5 min and assumed sternal decubitus 7 min after anesthetic administration. The bear's degree of sedation was considered adequate and safe to perform the biopsy at 10 min after administration. Heart rate (47 ± 3 bpm), respiratory rate (17 ± 2 mpm) and rectal temperature (38.7 ± 0.1ºC) were monitored. The bear remained immobile and unconscious throughout the procedure, with intense muscle relaxation, bilateral eyeball rotation, absent lateral palpebral reflex and mild medial reflex and without nystagmus. Complementary sedative doses were not necessary. At the beginning of anesthetic recovery, the bear received 6 μg/kg of atipamezole, intramuscularly. After 25 min of administration of atipamezole, the animal showed signs of recovery in the level of consciousness and reactivity to external stimuli, and assumed the quadrupedal position at 60 min after reverser application. Discussion: Even in captivity, the bears behavior is unpredictable and attack can occur, causing trauma or death to people. For this, the chemical immobilization is important to keep safety of everyone. This procedure was performed using blowgun-assisted darts thrown by a staff member who had experience in using this method, who darted accurately and effectively. The latency time observed after administration of the anesthetic protocol used is similar to reported in other studies with bears that also received intramuscular dexmedetomidine and tiletamine and zolazepam and showed intense muscle relaxation and immobility. The doses used contributed to the absence of bradycardia and hypoventilation and, performing the procedure in the morning, when the temperature is milder in the city, minimized the chance of hyperthermia and thermal stress in the animal, not requiring body cooling. The use of dexmedetomidine in chemical containment protocols for short and minimally invasive procedures allows the subsequent use of its antagonist, atipamezole, contributing to a shorter recovery time, return of the animal's degree of consciousness and lower incidence of ataxia after assuming a quadrupedal position. The anesthetic protocol used was considered efficient, providing a quick and gentle chemical containment, adequate anesthetic plan and good anesthetic recovery in an adult brown bear from captivity. Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Natureza (CCBN) Universidade Federal do Acre (UFAC), AC Centro de Ciências Agrárias (CCA) Universidade Federal do Piauí (UFPI), PI Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia (FMVZ) Universidade Estadual Paulista “Júlio de Mesquita Filho” (Unesp), SP Escola de Veterinária Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), MG Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia (FMVZ) Universidade Estadual Paulista “Júlio de Mesquita Filho” (Unesp), SP

Background : Automated hematology analyzers have been developed to optimize the time between analyses and have promising precision and accuracy. Complete blood count (CBC) is often requested as part of veterinary clinical examination. Automated analyzers are often used to determine CBCs, since processing as well as container-related errors may occur owing to variable sizes, aggregates, white or red blood cell fragments, and effects of EDTA on cell morphology. Platelet aggregates frequently occur in felines, with studies reporting a prevalence of approximately 71%. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the influence of exercise aggregates on the global white blood cell count of domestic cats using automated hematological counters with the impedance method. Materials, Methods & Results : Blood samples of 140 cats, irrespective of age, sex, and breed, were collected into EDTA-containing tubes. The samples were obtained via routine clinical examinations at the Veterinary Hospital of the Federal Rural University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRRJ) and processed at the Veterinary Parasitology Experimental Chemotherapy Laboratory (LQEPV), belonging to the same institution. All the samples were processed on the Sysmex pocH-100iV Diff automated hematology apparatus according to the manufacturer's recommendations. Leukocyte counts were also manually determined using a duplicate Neubauer chamber. Standard dilutions were prepared immediately after the automated analysis. To identify the occurrence of platelet aggregates, a blood smear was made and visualized under a brightfield microscope at a magnification of 10× and scored 0 to 3 (G1, G2, G3, and G4) based on the aggregation intensity. In case of changes, the groups were subdivided according to the intensity of occurrence. Of the 140 samples analyzed, 76.4% (107/140) showed some degree of platelet aggregation. The maximum variation in leukocyte counts determined by the automatic and the manual technique in G1 was 2,500 cells. In G2, it was possible to identify a variation of 6,500 nucleated cells, whereas in G3, this value was 7,100 cells. In G4, where platelet aggregation was intense, the variation between counts was up to 15,000 nucleated cells. A significant difference of variation in total white blood cell count between manual and automated methods was observed when compared to animals that did not show any degree of platelet aggregation ( P < 0.05). Of the total samples, 23.57% (33/140) comprised G1, 24.28% (34/140) G2, 22.14% (31/140) G3, and 30% (42/140) G4. Of the 140 samples analyzed, 107 showed aggregates, pseudo-thrombocytopenia, and changes in the total number of leukocytes. Discussion : Samples with higher platelet aggregate formation showed greater interference in global leukometry when analyzed using the hematological counter. White blood cell counts determined by automated analyzers should be interpreted with caution and compared to manual counts when there is significant platelet aggregation in the sample. The findings reinforce the importance of reconfirming the results obtained using an automated equipment in order to avoid misinterpretations that may influence diagnosis and therapy. It is essential to re-check the values obtained from an automated equipment with traditional methods in order to minimize possible errors generated by the equipment, since such errors may affect the clinical diagnosis and subsequently, the therapeutic approach chosen.

Made available in DSpace on 2021-06-25T12:30:02Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2020-12-01 Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) Hospital das Clinicas, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Sao Paulo (HC-FMUSP), Brazil Visceral leishmaniasis (VL) is marked by hyperactivation of a humoral response secreting high quantity of immunoglobulins (Igs) that are inaccessible to intracellular parasites. Here we investigated the contributions of the antibody response to the canine leishmaniasis pathogenesis. Using correlation and genome-wide association analysis, we investigated the relationship of anti-Leishmania infantum immunoglobulin classes levels with parasite burden, clinical response, renal/hepatic biochemical, and oxidative stress markers in dogs from endemic areas of VL. Immunoglobulin G (IgG) and IgA were positively correlated with parasite burden on lymph node and blood. Increased IgG, IgA and IgE levels were associated with severe canine leishmaniasis (CanL) whereas IgM was elevated in uninfected exposed dogs. Correlations of IgM, IgG and IgA with creatinine, urea, AST and ALT levels in the serum were suggested an involvement of those Igs with renal and hepatic changes. The correlogram of oxidative radicals and antioxidants revealed a likely relationship of IgM, IgG and IgA with oxidative stress and lipid pemxidation in the blood, suggested as mechanisms mediating tissue damage and CanL worsening. The gene mapping on chromosomal segments associated with the quantitative variation of immunoglobulin classes identified genetic signatures involved with reactive oxygen species generation, phagolysosome maturation and rupture, free iron availability, Thl/Th2 differenciation and, immunoglobulin clearance. The findings demonstrated the roles of the antibody response as resistance or susceptibility markers and mediators of CanL pathogenesis. In addition we pinpointed candidate genes as potential targets for the therapy against the damage caused by exacerbated antibody response and parasitism in VL. Univ Sao Paulo, Fac Med, Lab Patol Doencas Infecciosas, BR-01246903 Sao Paulo, Brazil Univ Estadual Paulista, Fac Ciencias Agr & Vet, Dept Med Vet Prevent & Reprod Anim, BR-14884900 Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil Univ Salvador, Escola Saude, BR-41720200 Salvador, BA, Brazil Univ Estadual Paulista, Fac Med Vet Aracatuba, Dept Apoio Prod & Saude Anim, BR-16015050 Aracatuba, SP, Brazil Univ Estadual Paulista, Fac Med Vet, Dept Clin Cirurgia & Reprod Anim, BR-16015050 Aracatuba, SP, Brazil Univ Sao Paulo, Fac Med Vet & Zootecnia, Dept Clin, BR-05508270 Sao Paulo, Brazil Univ Estadual Paulista, Fac Ciencias Agr & Vet, Dept Med Vet Prevent & Reprod Anim, BR-14884900 Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil Univ Estadual Paulista, Fac Med Vet Aracatuba, Dept Apoio Prod & Saude Anim, BR-16015050 Aracatuba, SP, Brazil Univ Estadual Paulista, Fac Med Vet, Dept Clin Cirurgia & Reprod Anim, BR-16015050 Aracatuba, SP, Brazil FAPESP: 2012/50285-9 FAPESP: 2012/05847-9 FAPESP: 2014/01095-8 CNPq: 476479/2012-6

Background : Canine reactive cutaneous histiocytosis (RCH) is an immuneproliferative disease of skin histiocytes and is uncommon in occurrence. Its description in the literature is scarce and clinical studies are limited by the insufficient characterization of the patients' pathological findings. The objective of this report is to describe the clinical, histological and immunohistochemical findings of a case of canine reactive cutaneous histiocytosis in the state of Acre, Amazonia, Brazil. Case : It was attended at the Federal University of Acre, a 7-year-old male American pit bull terrier dog with nodular, allopecic and ulcerated lesions in the dorsal region of the ear, with purulent discharge and exacerbated painful tenderness. The animal was domiciled on the bank of the river Acre, municipality of Rio Branco, state of Acre, and suffered frequent parasitism by sandflies, especially in the head region. In the histopathological evaluation, hyperplastic cells were found, a large ulcerated area with the presence of fibrin and neutrophilic infiltrate in the epidermis. In the dermal layer, an inflammatory reaction pattern was identified, with the presence of fibrous connective tissue, dilated blood vessels and edema, however little defined. There was an intense presence of histiocytes with anisocytosis, in addition to neutrophils, plasma cells and lymphocytes in the perivascular and perianexal region. In immunohistochemistry, lysozyme and cell markers CD1a and Thy1 were detected, but negative result for E-cadherin and CD11d. The immunosuppressive therapy indicated with prednisolone, plus cephalexin for secondary infections and topical treatment, with clinical remission within two years. Discussion : Although the etiopathogenesis of RCH is poorly understood, it is believed that, in addition to the genetic factor, the disease is triggered by an antigenic trigger on the skin, such as dogs susceptible to ticks and sandflies. The accumulation of defense cells in the skin tissue, against the antigenic stimulus, generates primarily an inflammatory process too. Immune maladjustment of dendritic cells and leukocytes occurs in the walls of dermal vessels, as well as exacerbated recruitment of histiocytes, characteristics seen in cell morphology analyzes. In RCH, the proliferation of histiocytes between collagen fibers and the infiltration of round cells in the dermis are indicative of the disease, as evidenced in this report. The immunohistochemistry is the method of choice, which allows establishing the cellular origin that triggered the disease, although the characterization of a differentiation cluster is underused in veterinary medicine. In this context, we seek to identify histiocytes, which comprise the group of cells derived from CD34 +, macrophage precursors, dendritic and Langerhans cells of the epithelial tissue, which act as antigen presenters. It can be concluded that canine RCH is an uncommon disease resulting from an inflammatory process of the dermis with difficult to identify immune dysregulation. Differential diagnosis with systemic histiocytosis, cutaneous histiocytoma, histiocytic sarcoma, as well as leishmaniasis and mycobacteriosis, are fundamental through histopathological, serological and immunohistochemical evaluations, to establish the definitive diagnosis of the disease, as well as the prognosis, and to better direct the therapeutic approach of the case.

Funda??o de Amparo ? Pesquisa do Estado de S?o Paulo, Brazil (FAPESP) grants no. 2012/50285-9 (M.D.L.), no. 2012/05847-9 (L.F.S.B.), and no. 2014/01095-8 (Y.T.U.); Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient?fico e Tecnol?gico (CNPq), Brazil grant no. 476479/2012-6 (M.D.L.); and Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior (Capes). Universidade de S?o Paulo. Faculdade de Medicina Veterin?ria e Zootecnia. Departamento de Patologia Veterin?ria. S?o Paulo, SP, Brazil / Universidade Salvador. Escola de Sa?de. Salvador, BA, Brazil. Universidade Estadual Paulista. Faculdade de Ci?ncias Agr?rias e Veterin?rias. Departamento de Medicina Veterin?ria Preventiva e Reprodu??o Animal. Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil. Universidade de S?o Paulo. Faculdade de Medicina. Laborat?rio de Patologia de Doen?as Infecciosas. S?o Paulo, SP, Brazil. Universidade Salvador. Escola de Sa?de. Salvador, BA, Brazil. Universidade Salvador. Escola de Sa?de. Salvador, BA, Brazil. Universidade Salvador. Escola de Sa?de. Salvador, BA, Brazil. Universidade de S?o Paulo. Faculdade de Medicina. Laborat?rio de Patologia de Doen?as Infecciosas. S?o Paulo, SP, Brazil. Universidade de S?o Paulo. Faculdade de Medicina Veterin?ria e Zootecnia. Departmento de Cl?nica. S?o Paulo, SP, Brazil. Universidade Estadual Paulista. Faculdade de Medicina Veterin?ria. Departamento de Cl?nica, Cirurgia e Reprodu??o Animal. Ara?atuba, SP, Brazil. Universidade Estadual Paulista. Faculdade de Ci?ncias Agr?rias e Veterin?rias. Departamento de Medicina Veterin?ria Preventiva e Reprodu??o Animal. Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil. Minist?rio da Sa?de. Secretaria de Vigil?ncia em Sa?de. Instituto Evandro Chagas. Ananindeua, PA, Brasil. Universidade Estadual Paulista. Faculdade de Medicina Veterin?ria. Departamento de Cl?nica, Cirurgia e Reprodu??o Animal. Ara?atuba, SP, Brazil. Universidade Estadual Paulista. Faculdade de Medicina Veterin?ria. Departmento de Sa?de Animal e Produ??o. Ara?atuba, SP, Brazil. Universidade de S?o Paulo. Faculdade de Medicina. Laborat?rio de Patologia de Doen?as Infecciosas. S?o Paulo, SP, Brazil. The anti-inflammatory properties of sand fly saliva favor the establishment of the Leishmania infantum infection. In contrast, an antibody response against Lutzomyia longipalpis saliva is often associated with a protective cell-mediated response against canine visceral leishmaniasis. Genetic studies may demonstrate to what extent the ability to secrete anti-saliva antibodies depends on genetic or environmental factors. However, the genetic basis of canine antibody response against sand fly saliva has not been assessed. The aim of this study was to identify chromosomal regions associated with the anti-Lu. longipalpis salivary IgG response in 189 dogs resident in endemic areas in order to provide information for prophylactic strategies. Dogs were classified into five groups based on serological and parasitological diagnosis and clinical evaluation. Anti-salivary gland homogenate (SGH) IgG levels were assessed by Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA). Genomic DNA was isolated from blood samples and genotyped using a SNP chip with 173,662 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers. The following linear regression model was fitted: IgG level = mean + origin + sex + age + use of a repellent collar, and the residuals were assumed as pseudo-phenotypes for the association test between phenotypes and genotypes (GWA). A component of variance model that takes into account polygenic and sample structure effects (EMMAX) was employed for GWA. Phenotypic findings indicated that anti-SGH IgG levels remained higher in exposed and subclinically infected dogs than in severely diseased dogs even in regression model residuals. Five associated markers were identified on chromosomes 2, 20 and 31. The mapped genes included CD180 (RP105) and MITF related to the rapid activation of B lymphocytes and differentiation into antibody-secreting plasma cells. The findings pointed to chromosomal segments useful for functional confirmation studies and a search for adjuvant molecules of the anti-saliva response.

A interação entre homens e animais tem consequências para a saúde pública, como o aumento dos casos de raiva, uma zoonose letal. Neste estudo, foram analisadas 1047 fichas do Sistema de Informação de Agravos de Notificação (SINAN). Os dados foram representativos do tratamento preventivo anti-raiva humano no município de Cruzeiro do Sul, Acre, de 2007 a 2015. O maior número de casos foi registrado em 2013 (17,95%) e a maior incidência de ataques ocorreu nas regiões urbanas (86,1%). As feridas resultantes de mordida de cão corresponderam a 98,66% dos ataques. Os animais foram classificados como suspeitos da raiva em 65,42% dos casos, no entanto, apenas 1% foram clinicamente diagnosticados como positivos. Apenas 4% das vítimas humanas foram submetidas a exame para pós-exposição de titulação. Os resultados indicam que os programas de Saúde Pública devem considerar como prioritários os ataques de cães na área urbana na cidade de Cruzeiro do Sul, Acre.

Objective The present study aimed to investigate the influence of methadone on cardiorespiratory parameters, electrocardiogram and clinical sedation in dogs. Further possible side effects are reported. Study design Prospective experimental cross-over study. Dogs Eight, 1–4-year-old, various breeds of dogs of both genders weighing 9–36 kg. Methods Each dog was treated three times: methadone 0.3 mg kg −1 (M0.3), 0.5 mg kg −1 (M0.5) and 1.0 mg kg −1 (M1.0) intramuscularly. Respiratory rate, heart rate and arterial blood pressure were recorded as well as electrocardiographic evaluation of lead II. Clinical sedation in each treatment received a score (0–3) after drug administration and at 30 minute intervals until scores and measurements returned to baseline values. Results A significant decrease in heart rate was seen with each dose of methadone and bradycardia (HR −1 that required reversal with butorphanol. There was no significant difference in SAP, MAP and DAP between treatments. Some side effects such as salivation, defecation, vocalization and panting, after administration of methadone were observed. There were no differences in mean values of heart rate, P-wave and QRS complex duration and QT interval between treatments. Conclusion and clinical relevance Methadone administration was associated with panting and a decrease in heart rate at all doses tested in this study. The cardiac rhythm should be monitored carefully in dogs when methadone is administered on its own, especially at higher doses.

Universidade de S?o Paulo. Faculdade de Medicina Veterin?ria e Zootecnia. Departamento de Patologia Veterin?ria. S?o Paulo, SP, Brazil / Universidade de S?o Paulo. Faculdade de Medicina. Laborat?rio de Patologia de Doen?as Infecciosas. S?o Paulo, SP, Brazil. Universidade Estadual Paulista. Faculdade de Ci?ncias Agr?rias e Veterin?rias. Departamento de Medicina Veterin?ria Preventiva e Reprodu??o Animal. Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil. Universidade de S?o Paulo. Faculdade de Medicina. Laborat?rio de Patologia de Doen?as Infecciosas. S?o Paulo, SP, Brazil. Universidade de S?o Paulo. Faculdade de Medicina. Laborat?rio de Patologia de Doen?as Infecciosas. S?o Paulo, SP, Brazil. Universidade de S?o Paulo. Faculdade de Medicina. Laborat?rio de Patologia de Doen?as Infecciosas. S?o Paulo, SP, Brazil. Universidade Estadual Paulista. Faculdade de Medicina Veterin?ria. Departamento de Cl?nica, Cirurgia e Reprodu??o Animal. Ara?atuba, SP, Brazil. Universidade de S?o Paulo. Faculdade de Medicina. Laborat?rio de Patologia de Doen?as Infecciosas. S?o Paulo, SP, Brazil. Universidade de S?o Paulo. Faculdade de Medicina. Laborat?rio de Patologia de Doen?as Infecciosas. S?o Paulo, SP, Brazil / Minist?rio da Sa?de. Secretaria de Vigil?ncia em Sa?de. Instituto Evandro Chagas. Ananindeua, PA, Brasil. Universidade Estadual Paulista. Faculdade de Medicina Veterin?ria. Departamento de Cl?nica, Cirurgia e Reprodu??o Animal. Ara?atuba, SP, Brazil Universidade Estadual Paulista. Faculdade de Medicina Veterin?ria. Departmento de Sa?de Animal e Produ??o. Ara?atuba, SP, Brazil Universidade de S?o Paulo. Faculdade de Medicina. Laborat?rio de Patologia de Doen?as Infecciosas. S?o Paulo, SP, Brazil. A genome-wide association study (GWAS) could unravel the complexity of the cell-mediated immunity (CMI) to canine leishmaniasis (CanL). Therefore, we scanned 110,165 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), aiming to identify chromosomal regions associated with the leishmanin skin test (LST), lymphocyte proliferation assay (LPA), and cytokine responses to further understand the role played by CMI in the outcome of natural Leishmania infantum infection in 189 dogs. Based on LST and LPA, four CMI profiles were identified (LST?/LPA?, LST+/LPA?, LST?/LPA+, and LST+/LPA+), which were not associated with subclinically infected or diseased dogs. LST+/LPA+ dogs showed increased interferon gamma (IFN-?) and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-?) levels and mild parasitism in the lymph nodes, whereas LST?/LPA+ dogs, in spite of increased IFN-?, also showed increased interleukin-10 (IL-10) and transforming growth factor ? (TGF-?) levels and the highest parasite load in lymph nodes. Low T cell proliferation under low parasite load suggested that L. infantum was not able to induce effective CMI in the early stage of infection. Altogether, genetic markers explained 87%, 16%, 15%, 11%, 0%, and 0% of phenotypic variance in TNF-?, TGF-?, LST, IL-10, IFN-?, and LPA, respectively. GWAS showed that regions associated with TNF-? include the following genes: IL12RB1, JAK3, CCRL2, CCR2, CCR3, and CXCR6, involved in cytokine and chemokine signaling; regions associated with LST, including COMMD5 and SHARPIN, involved in regulation of NF-?B signaling; and regions associated with IL-10, including LTBP1 and RASGRP3, involved in T regulatory lymphocytes differentiation. These findings pinpoint chromosomic regions related to the cell-mediated response that potentially affect the clinical complexity and the parasite replication in canine L. infantum infection.

S?o Paulo Research Foundation (Funda??o de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de S?o Paulo - FAPESP) - 2012/50285-9; Research National Council (Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient?fico e Tecnol?gico - CNPq) - 301549/2011-7; Laborat?rio de Investiga??o M?dica do Hospital das Cl?nicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de S?o Paulo (LIM50 HC-FMUSP). Universidade de S?o Paulo. Faculdade de Medicina. Laborat?rio de Patologia de Mol?stias Infecciosas. S?o Paulo, SP, Brasil / Universidade de S?o Paulo. Faculdade de Medicina Veterin?ria e Zootecnia. Departamento de Patologia. S?o Paulo, SP, Brasil. Universidade de S?o Paulo. Faculdade de Medicina. Laborat?rio de Patologia de Mol?stias Infecciosas. S?o Paulo, SP, Brasil. Universidade de S?o Paulo. Faculdade de Medicina. Laborat?rio de Patologia de Mol?stias Infecciosas. S?o Paulo, SP, Brasil. Universidade Estadual de S?o Paulo. Faculdade de Medicina Veterin?ria. Departamento de Cl?nica, Cirurgia e Reprodu??o Animal. Ara?atuba, SP, Brasil. Minist?rio da Sa?de. Secretaria de Vigil?ncia em Sa?de. Instituto Evandro Chagas. Ananindeua, PA, Brasil / Universidade Federal do Par?. N?cleo de Medicina Tropical. Bel?m, PA, Brasil. Universidade Paulista. Instituto de Ci?ncias da Sa?de. Campinas, SP, Brasil. Universidade Estadual de S?o Paulo. Faculdade de Medicina Veterin?ria. Departamento de Cl?nica, Cirurgia e Reprodu??o Animal. Ara?atuba, SP, Brasil, Universidade de S?o Paulo. Faculdade de Medicina. Laborat?rio de Patologia de Mol?stias Infecciosas. S?o Paulo, SP, Brasil. Introduction: Canine exposure to Lutzomyia longipalpis bites and the potential of Leishmania infantum transmissibility for the vector were evaluated. Methods: Immunoglobulin G (IgG) anti-Lu longipalpis saliva and -L. infantum, and blood parasite load were determined in dogs from endemic areas of visceral leishmaniasis. Results: Blood parasitism was similar between symptomatic and asymptomatic dogs. IgG anti-L. infantum was higher in symptomatic dogs, but IgG anti-Lu. longipalpis saliva was mostly observed in higher titers in asymptomatic dogs, indicating vector preference for feeding on asymptomatic dogs. Conclusions: Our data suggest a pivotal role of asymptomatic dogs in L. infantum transmission in endemic areas.

The aim of the present study was to investigate the occurrence of Leishmania sp. infection in dogs (N = 491) living in the municipality of Florianópolis, Santa Catarina (SC), Brazil, which was considered a disease-free region for visceral leishmaniasis until 2011, when autochthonous cases of canine disease were notified. Seroprevalence in this population was assessed by ELISA (0.4%; 2/491) and IFAT (4.09%; 24/491). Only one dog exhibited seroreactivity in both serological methods, comprising a total of 25 (5.3%) seroreagent animals. Leishmania sp. DNA, obtained from a sample of whole blood of this animal, was amplified by both conventional and Real-Time PCR. Sequencing of the amplified DNA and, thereby, determination of the Leishmania species involved, was not possible. Our results suggest the necessity of a thorough epidemiological investigation in Florianópolis. O objetivo do presente estudo foi pesquisar a ocorrência de infecção por Leishmania sp. em cães (N = 491) domiciliados no município de Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, considerada uma região indene para leishmaniose visceral até o ano de 2011, quando foram notificados casos autóctones da doença canina. A soroprevalência na população foi avaliada por ELISA (0,4%; 2/491) e RIFI (4,09%; 24/491). Somente um cão apresentou sororeatividade em ambos os métodos sorológicos, totalizando 25 (5,3%) animais sororeagentes. O DNA de Leishmania sp., obtido de uma amostra do sangue total desse animal, foi amplificado por PCR convencional e PCR em Tempo Real. Não foi possível realizar o sequenciamento do DNA amplificado e, deste modo, determinar a espécie de Leishmania envolvida. Os nossos resultados sugerem a necessidade de uma investigação epidemiológica minuciosa em Florianópolis.

Submitted by Guilherme Lemeszenski (guilherme@nead.unesp.br) on 2013-08-22T19:00:09Z No. of bitstreams: 1 S0103-84782010000100019.pdf: 115603 bytes, checksum: 2ec25aeea3c70fb5e1cae126c04609c6 (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2013-08-22T19:00:09Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 S0103-84782010000100019.pdf: 115603 bytes, checksum: 2ec25aeea3c70fb5e1cae126c04609c6 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-02-01 Made available in DSpace on 2013-09-30T19:58:10Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 S0103-84782010000100019.pdf: 115603 bytes, checksum: 2ec25aeea3c70fb5e1cae126c04609c6 (MD5) S0103-84782010000100019.pdf.txt: 37955 bytes, checksum: 5f31b181cfdc059334cbe7044ce270c0 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-02-01 Submitted by Vitor Silverio Rodrigues (vitorsrodrigues@reitoria.unesp.br) on 2014-05-20T15:15:01Z No. of bitstreams: 2 S0103-84782010000100019.pdf: 115603 bytes, checksum: 2ec25aeea3c70fb5e1cae126c04609c6 (MD5) S0103-84782010000100019.pdf.txt: 37955 bytes, checksum: 5f31b181cfdc059334cbe7044ce270c0 (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2014-05-20T15:15:01Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 S0103-84782010000100019.pdf: 115603 bytes, checksum: 2ec25aeea3c70fb5e1cae126c04609c6 (MD5) S0103-84782010000100019.pdf.txt: 37955 bytes, checksum: 5f31b181cfdc059334cbe7044ce270c0 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-02-01 A castração de machos e fêmeas tem sido preconizada como a principal técnica para redução do grande número de cães errantes. No entanto, vários são os entraves com relação à escolha do melhor protocolo anestésico, em relação à eficácia, segurança e redução de custos. Objetivou-se, com este trabalho, avaliar os efeitos cardiorrespiratórios, hemogasométricos e analgésicos da utilização de lidocaína em um volume maior, associada à morfina, pela via epidural em cadelas submetidas à ovariosalpingohisterectomia (OSH), com ou sem suplementação de oxigênio. Utilizaram-se 12 cadelas, com peso médio de 11,5±3,7kg e idade de um a quatro anos. Os animais receberam como medicação pré-anestésica (MPA) acepromazina (0,1mg kg-1) e meperidina (5mg kg-1), pela via intramuscular. Após 15 minutos, administrou-se tiopental (10mg kg-1), por via intravenosa, seguido de intubação endotraqueal. Nesse momento, os animais foram alocados em dois grupos: o grupo GCO (com oxigênio, n=06) recebeu suplementação de oxigênio 100% e o grupo GSO (sem oxigênio, n=06) permaneceu intubado sem suplementação de oxigênio. Após a intubação, foi administrada, pela via epidural, em ambos os grupos, morfina (0,1mg kg-1) em volume final ajustado para 1mL 3,0kg-1 de peso com lidocaína 2% sem vasoconstritor. Imediatamente após a anestesia epidural, os animais foram posicionados em decúbito dorsal com a cabeça no mesmo plano do corpo, e iniciou-se o procedimento cirúrgico, o qual foi padronizado em 30 minutos. em ambos os grupos, foi possível realizar a cirurgia sem a necessidade de complementação analgésica e sem resposta de dor. A pressão arterial média (PAM) foi menor no GSO em todos os momentos em comparação ao basal. No GCO, a PAM foi menor após MPA e após epidural. Houve redução da f de M1 até M6 no GSO. A SaO2 e PaO2 foram maiores no GCO em comparação ao GSO. O pH foi menor no GCO 15 minutos após MPA até 40 minutos após epidural, em comparação ao GSO. Conclui-se que a anestesia epidural lombossacra com morfina e lidocaína na dose e no volume propostos é efetiva para realização de OSH em cadelas, com mínimas alterações cardiovasculares e hemogasométricas, as quais são bem toleradas em animais hígidos. Essa prática é exequível em campanhas de castração em que não há possibilidade de oxigenação dos animais. Male and female sterilization have been established as the main technique to reduce the huge number of mongrel dogs. However, there are several barriers regarding to the choice of the best anesthetic protocol, in terms of efficacy, security and cost reduction. The aim of this study was to evaluate the analgesic, cardiorespiratory and hemogasometric effects of epidural anesthesia with a large volume of lidocaine in combination with morphine in female dogs submitted to ovariosalpingohisterectomy (OSH), with or without oxygen supplementation. Twelve adult female dogs were used, with average weight of 11.5±3.7kg and age of 1 to 4 years. The animals received acepromazine (0.1mg kg-1) and meperidine (5mg kg-1) as premedication, administered by the intramuscular route. Fifteen minutes later, thiopental (10mg kg-1) was administered by intravenous route, followed by endotracheal intubation. The animals were allocated into two groups: GCO (group with oxygen, n=06), where the animals received 100% oxygen supplementation and GSO (group without oxygen supplementation, n=6), mantained with endotracheal intubation, but without oxygen supplementation. After intubation, epidural with morphine (0,1mg kg-1), adjusted to 1mL 3kg-1 in lidocaine 2% without epinepherine was administered. Immediately after epidural administration, the animals were positioned in dorsal recumbency, with the head in the same level of the body. In both groups, surgery was performed without the need of additional analgesia and without signs of pain. Mean arterial pressure (MAP) was lower in GSO in all moments compared to baseline values. In GCO, MAP was lower after premedication and epidural anesthesia. Respiratory rate was lower from M1 to M6 in GSO. The SaO2 and PaO2 were higher in GCO when compared to GSO. The pH was lower in GCO after 15 minutes after premedication, until 40 minutes after the epidural administration, compared to GSO. It was concluded that the epidural administration using morphine and lidocaine in the dosage and volume proposed are effective to OSH procedure in dogs. The lack of oxygen supplementation promoted minimal cardiovascular and hemogasometric alterations, which is feasible in sterilizations campaigns where there is no possibility of oxygen supplementation of the animals. Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina (UDESC) Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Universidade Estadual Paulista Faculdade de Odontologia de Araçatuba Departamento de Clínica, Cirurgia e Reprodução Animal Universidade Estadual Paulista Faculdade de Odontologia de Araçatuba Departamento de Clínica, Cirurgia e Reprodução Animal