Search

Sawsan Abuhammad,1 Dalya Alwedyan,1 Shaher Hamaideh,2 Mohammed AL-Jabri3 1Department of Maternal and Child Health, Faculty of Nursing, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan; 2Department of Community and Mental Health Nursing, Faculty of Nursing, The Hashemite University, Zarqa, Jordan; 3Faculty of Nursing, Al-Saeeda University, Thamar, YemenCorrespondence: Mohammed AL-Jabri, Email aljabarimohammed59@gmail.com Sawsan Abuhammad, Email Shabuhammad@just.edu.joObjective: This study seeks to assess the influence of an educational program on enhancing the knowledge, attitudes, and practices of NICU nurses regarding MDROs.Methodology: Quasi-experimental design that investigated the efficacy of an educational intervention in shaping the knowledge, attitudes, and practices of mothers working as nurses in NICU toward MDROs was used. A total of 168 nurses participated, divided into 84 intervention groups and 84 non-educational groups.Results: The analysis of overall knowledge scores before and after the educational interventions revealed a significant improvement in post-education knowledge scores (Mean = 16.94) compared to pre-education scores (Mean = 12.9929; t(83) = 40.119, p < 0.001). Attitude scores exhibited a notable improvement post-education, with mean scores increasing from 46.64 in the pretest to 58.45 in the posttest. The total attitude shift was statistically significant (t(83) = 104.23, p < 0.001 0). Regarding overall practice, the data suggests a positive impact of education on neonatal nurses’ practices related to antibiotic usage (t(3) = 149.31, p < 0.001). A significant positive correlation was found between post-knowledge and post-attitude (r = 0.251, p = 0.021).Conclusion: Based on the study findings, the MDROs educational program demonstrated its effectiveness in improving nurses’ knowledge and attitudes toward MDROs, serving as a valuable educational resource for nurses. Given the increasing demand for nurses with MDROs knowledge, attitude, and practice in NICU, and considering the documented positive impact on protecting neonates from fatal infections, enhancing nurses’ knowledge, attitudes, and practices toward MDROs has become imperative.Keywords: MDROs, knowledge, attitude, practice, nurse

Sawsan Abuhammad,1 Manar ALAzzam,2 Yasmine Alabbasi3 1Department of Maternal and Child Health, Faculty of Nursing, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan; 2Department of Community and Mental Health Nursing, Princess Salma Faculty of Nursing, Al-Albayt University, Mafraq, 25113 Jordan; 3Department of Maternity and Pediatric Health Nursing, College of Nursing, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, 11671 Saudi ArabiaCorrespondence: Yasmine Alabbasi, Email yaalabbasi@pnu.edu.saAim: To examine the knowledge of parents who are working as healthcare workers about Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) and to determine the predictors of ADHD knowledge in children among parents.Methods: A cross-section study was conducted among parents who are working as HCWs. An online survey by google forms facilitated the creation of a 373 participant’s sample.Results: The parents who are working as HCWs toward ADHD Knowledge 14.9 (SD = 7.9). The most questions were answered correctly. ADHD children are frequently distracted by extraneous stimuli 285 (76.8%). ADHD children often fidget or squirm in their seats 272 (73.7%) and HCWs training in managing an ADHD child are generally effective when combined with medication treatment 260 (70.5%).Conclusion: This study found that many parents who working as HCWs had poor knowledge regarding causes and general aspects of this disorder. The results had many implications that include increased efforts to improve the capabilities of parents who working as HCWs and prevent further complications for the children and increase awareness among parents and teachers.Keywords: ADHD, parents who working as HCWs, knowledge, Jordan

Sawsan Abuhammad,1 Omar F Khabour,2 Karem H Alzoubi,3,4 Shaher Hamaideh,5 Basheer Y Khassawneh,6 Amat Al-Khaleq O Mehrass,7 Baha F Alsmadi,6 Abdelrahman M Ababneh6 1Department of Maternal and Child Health, Faculty of Nursing, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, 22110, Jordan; 2Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, 22110, Jordan; 3Department of Pharmacy Practice and Pharmacotherapeutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates; 4Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan; 5Department of Community and Mental Health Nursing, Faculty of Nursing, The Hashemite University, Zarqa, 13133, Jordan; 6Faculty of Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan; 7Department of Obstetric and Gynecology, Thamar University, Dhamar, YemenCorrespondence: Amat Al-Khaleq O Mehrass, Email Aykasem1@gmail.comAim: This study aims to determine health-related quality of life (HRQoL) that includes the physical and mental health of recovered patients of COVID-19 and examines the significant impact of variables such as period of infection, sample demographics characteristics, hospitalization past, and chronic disease past and the other variables on HRQoL of COVID-19-recovered patients.Methods: An exploratory, community-based, cross-sectional research layout was adopted, using an electronic self-reporting survey disseminated online to recovered COVID-19 patients in Jordan. Targeted COVID-19 patients were individuals who were 18 years old or above. They had a documented background of COVID-19 illness, as stated in the following inclusion requirements: Those who had not been formally proven to have been afflicted by COVID-19 were excluded.Results: The mean of the physical well-being of study participants during COVID-19 was M=68.00 (SD=6.95), representing medium physical well-being status. The mean of psychological well-being of study participants during COVID-19 was M=60.20 (SD=8.85), representing medium physical health. Multiple regression showed that female recovered patients who are not working, with a low level of income, married women, and who getting COVID-19 more than once are having lower health-related quality of life compared to other recovered patients.Conclusion: The HRQoL of COVID-19 patients was significantly impacted, independent of the period since hospitalization or rehabilitation. Policymakers and health workers should research strong ways to enhance the HRQoL of COVID-19 patients as soon as possible. Elderly patients and those who have been infected more than one time and being hospitalized have a greater probability of decreased HRQoL after infection.Keywords: mental health, physical health, COVID-19, recovered

Sawsan Abuhammad Maternal and Child Health Department, Faculty of Nursing, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, 22110, JordanCorrespondence: Sawsan Abuhammad, Email Shabuhammad@just.edu.joBackground: The COVID-19 pandemic is our decade’s largest global challenge of health leadership. There is an immediate urge to provide leadership and management with instruction during the extraordinary from before the recovery phase.Aim: To determine the influence of the COVID-19 disease outbreak on leadership challenges during this difficult time.Methods: This review of studies includes the work of scientists who have addressed the challenges of leadership at the time of COVID-19 pandemic. Furthermore, the references to the selected studies were used to locate additional research articles related to the topic challenges for leadership.Conclusion: This new situation of the pandemics needs the leaders in the healthcare system to face many challenges. These challenges are being manager of the care, making decisions, caring for employees, preparing for the unexpected, and updating the community about the situation.Keywords: pandemics, challenges, healthcare, healthcare leadership

Reema Karasneh,1 Abdel-Hameed Al-Mistarehi,2 Sayer Al-Azzam,3 Sawsan Abuhammad,4 Suhaib M Muflih,3 Sahar Hawamdeh,3 Karem H Alzoubi3,5 1Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Yarmouk University, Irbid, Jordan; 2Department of Public Health and Family Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan; 3Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan; 4Department of Maternal and Child Health, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, 22110, Jordan; 5Department of Pharmacy Practice and Pharmacotherapeutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab EmiratesCorrespondence: Reema KarasnehDepartment of Basic Medical Science, Faculty of Medicine, Yarmouk University, P.O. Box 566, Irbid, 21163, JordanTel +962 2 7211111 Ext 7141Fax +962 2 7211162Email reema.karasneh@yu.edu.joBackground: The protection of patient confidentiality is an essential practice for the successful provision of healthcare. This study examines physicians’ knowledge and attitudes related to data sharing and patient confidentiality.Methods: This is a descriptive, questionnaire-based study. Physicians were invited via e-mail to complete the study survey. The survey comprised three sections related to knowledge, attitudes, and demographic characteristics.Results: A total of 221 physicians, with varying levels of experience and from a range of specialty areas, completed the study survey. Ethical dilemmas were encountered annually by physicians specialized in family medicine and daily by physicians in internal medicine wards more often than those in other departments. The mean score for knowledge was 7.34 (out of 14; SD=2.92) and had a positive correlation with attitudes towards the protection of data confidentiality (r2=0.282, p< 0.001). Undergraduate courses were the main source of knowledge related to ethical issues (167; 74.9%). Sex (B=-1.47, p=0.001), marriage (B=-1.198, p=0.021), and source of consultation (B=-.248, p=0.02) were all found to predict knowledge scores. Likewise, attitudes were predicted by experience (B= 0.279, p< 0.001), sex (B= -2.797, p=0.002), marriage (B=1.91, p=0.02), and number of ethical dilemmas faced (B=1.695, p < 0.001).Conclusion: Physicians from different departments were found to lack sufficient knowledge about many aspects of patient confidentiality. While some of the physicians’ practices complied with the law, other practices were identified as patient confidentiality breaches.Keywords: confidentiality, physician, knowledge, attitudes, data sharing, ethical dilemma

Sawsan Abuhammad,1 Suhaib Muflih,2 Karem H Alzoubi,2 Besher Gharaibeh3 1Department of Maternal and Child Health, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, 22110, Jordan; 2Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, 22110, Jordan; 3Department of Adult Health, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, 22110, JordanCorrespondence: Sawsan Abuhammad Email Shabuhammad@just.edu.joBackground: Nurses and Doctor of Pharmacy (pharmD) must communicate and properly documented the do not resuscitate orders for terminally ill children and their relatives. They also have to offer excellent care including more family support, assisting the child with terminally ill disease in passing on peacefully, and preventing unnecessary cardiopulmonary resuscitation. This research was aimed to survey attitudes of nursing and pharmD undergraduate students about the “do not resuscitate” order for children with terminally ill diseases.Methods: A cross-sectional correlational design was used to study the correlation between attitude toward DNR and demographic variables. More than 400 nursing and pharmD students from Jordan University of Science and Technology were recruited in this study. All the participating students were e-mailed information regarding the study, including the web survey link.Results: The results showed that there was a significant difference in perception toward do not resuscitate order between nursing and pharmD students (p ≤ 0.05). The pharmD students had more positive attitude toward do not resuscitate than the nursing students. Approximately, 60% of the nursing and pharmD students would disclose the need for the do not resuscitate order for children with terminally ill diseases Demographic variables were not associated with the perception toward do not resuscitate orders (p ≥ 0.05).Conclusion: This study showed that Jordanian nursing and pharmD students are willing to learn more about different aspects of do not resuscitate orders for terminally ill children. Analyzing their responses to many items showed their misconception about do not resuscitate orders for terminally ill children.Keywords: do not rusticate, cardiopulmonary resuscitation, nursing students, children, pharmD students

Sawsan Abuhammad,1 Karem Alzoubi,2 Omar Khabour,3 Tareq Mukattash2 1Department of Maternal and Child Health, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid 22110, Jordan; 2Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid 22110, Jordan; 3Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid 22110, JordanCorrespondence: Sawsan Abuhammad Email Shabuhammad@just.edu.joBackground: The nurses are the healthcare providers and researchers in the health institutions. Investment in the research potential of nurses will ultimately benefit society. The purpose of this study was to survey nurses regarding barriers to participating in research studies.Methods: This was a cross-sectional descriptive study using electronic surveys sent by email, and social media groups (WhatsApp). A total of 447 nurses agreed to participate in this study. Barriers were measured using the Barriers of Research Utilization (BRU) Scale.Results: More than half (53.3%) of the participants perceived the barriers to be high, whereas a small fraction (8.9%) perceived them as low. Barriers related to the organization scored the highest (P< 0.01) compared to the other domains (nurse, innovation, and communication). The regression analysis model showed that age, working experience, and nationality were associated with barriers to participate in research (P< 0.05).Conclusion: More than half of the nurses in Jordan perceived barriers to participating in research studies to be high. The barriers associated with the organization had more influence. A comprehensive approach should be developed to boost research utilization among nurses by overcoming the barriers identified in the current study.Keywords: barriers, nurses, research, clinical settings, research utilization

Sawsan Abuhammad,1 Karem H Alzoubi,2 Sayer I Al-Azzam,2 Reema A Karasneh3 1Department of Maternal and Child Health, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid 22110, Jordan; 2Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid 22110, Jordan; 3Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Yarmouk University, Irbid, JordanCorrespondence: Sawsan Abuhammad Email shabuhammad@just.edu.joBackground: The key patient rights entail respecting human decency, receiving healthcare services of high-quality, the right to information, the initial agreement of the patient to medical intervention, respecting privacy and personal life, and sustaining care and treatment. This study aims to survey the knowledge and practice of nurses in various healthcare industries toward sharing and confidentiality of patients’ data.Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional design was employed through an online survey from May to June 2020. The authors sent a developed tool containing 19 statements reflecting the understanding of nurses’ knowledge and practice of privacy and sharing of data required to safeguard patient privacy. A total of 800 nurses agreed to participate in the study out of 1000 nurses.Results: Roughly, all participants agreed that junior nurses should participate in a data sharing and confidentiality course before engaging in practice. Regarding institution policies for data sharing and protection, many nurses agreed that there are special recommendations and instructions from the institution in which they work to exchange patient information among nurses and the medical staff. The predictors of sharing practices and confidentiality among nurses include age, gender, marriage status, and attending a security course before practice. Young age, female, not attending a data sharing course, and single nurses are less engaging with data sharing and confidentiality of the patients for unauthorized patients.Conclusion: A significant proportion of the staff had appropriate practices that ensured data security. However, practices that ensure patient confidentiality in the aspects of access, sharing, and transferring of patient data need improvement. Training is essential since it will have a beneficial relationship with knowledge, opinions, views, and actions. Thus, planning continuous training on policies and regulations about data safety and privacy may assist in improving healthcare setting practices.Keywords: nurse, confidentiality, data sharing, privacy

Sawsan Abuhammad,1 Omar F Khabour,2 Karem H Alzoubi3 1Department of Maternal and Child Health, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid 22110, Jordan; 2Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid 22110, Jordan; 3Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid 22110, JordanCorrespondence: Sawsan Abuhammad Email Shabuhammad@just.edu.joBackground: The contact-tracing COVID-19 technology allows for tracing people that come in contact to individuals with COVID-19 wherever they are located. The number of tracing COVID-19 infection technology and devices is rapidly increasing. This has prompted many researchers to study the acceptability and ethical issues related to the implementation of such technology.Aim: The purpose of this study was to determine the acceptability of COVID-19 contact-tracing technology and ethical issues of use.Methods: A cross-sectional questionnaire-based study was used. The target population was Jordanian adults (> 18 years). The survey was distributed to a convenience sample of 2000 general public in Jordan.Results: The results found that the number of people who accept to use COVID-19 contact-tracing technology was 71.6%. However, the percentage of people who were using this technology was 37.8. The main ethical concerns for many of participants were privacy, voluntariness, and beneficence of the data. Only income and living area were predictors for acceptability and use of tracing technology (p≤ 0.01).Conclusion: The majority of Jordanians accept the implementation of contact-tracing technology for COVID-19 infection. Among ethical concerns of the implementation of such technology were privacy, beneficence and voluntariness.Implications: The results of this study would help in improving the state of science regarding acceptability to use contact-tracing technology for health purposes. Moreover, the present findings provide evidence of predictors of acceptance and ethical concerns among Jordanian population about COVID-19 contact-tracing technology.Keywords: research, ethical issues, individuals, Jordan, tracing COVID-19

Aim: The aim of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness of the education interventions on NICU nurses' knowledge, attitudes, and perceptions of parental participation in kangaroo mother care (KMC) in NICU., Method: A quasi-experimental pretest/posttest nonequivalent group design was used to evaluate the effectiveness of the education interventions on NICU nurses' knowledge, attitudes and perceptions of parental participation in KMC delivered in the neonatal intensive care units at three hospitals. 160 nurses participated in the study, with a division of 80 in the educational group, and 80 in the non-educational group., Results: The results showed that the educational group was statistically different in knowledge post-intervention (t = -2.819, df = 79, p≤0.001). The pre-intervention mean attitude for the educational group was 19.81 (SD = 4.3). The findings expressed that the educational group was statistically different in attitude in the post-intervention phase (t = -3.66, df = 79, p≤0.001). The results reflect a significant effect in the educational group regarding nurses' perspectives of parental participation post-intervention (t = 5.496, df = 79, p≤0.001)., Conclusion: Our findings showed that providing nurses with additional education increased their knowledge, improved their attitudes, and enhanced their perceptions of parental support in NICU. Providing staff with an educational intervention about KMC in NICU can enhance nursing knowledge, attitudes, and perceptions of parental participation in neonate care in the NICU., Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist., (Copyright: © 2024 Abuhammad et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.)

Background: Despite the advantages of vaccination in preventing maternal and fetal problems, there were many concerns in the medical community regarding vaccine safety for pregnant women, and this has put obstetricians in a challenging situation when it comes to advising their pregnant patients on whether to obtain the vaccine., Aim: This study was performed to define the level of acceptance of COVID-19 vaccination and assess the impact of COVID-19 attitudes and knowledge on vaccine acceptance between pregnant and lactating Syrian women who are seeking prenatal care services at the clinics in Azraq refugee camp in Jordan., Method: A quantitative, cross-sectional study utilizing a non-probability convenience sample. A validated and reliable self-administered questionnaire consisting of four sections was used., Results: A total of 412 pregnant/lactating women was recruited The acceptance rate of the COVID-19 vaccine among participants was 86.5%. There was a significant positive moderate association between respondents' attitudes and knowledge around the COVID-19 vaccine and their acceptance of the vaccine (r = .468, p < .001, r = .357, p < .001), respectively., Conclusion: To effectively mitigate the COVID-19 pandemic and achieve collective protection, decision-makers must intensify the efforts in promoting the importance of maternal vaccination, especially in vulnerable communities that suffer the most from pandemic outcomes., Competing Interests: The authors have declared no competing interest., (Copyright: © 2024 Dalky et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.)

Aim: This study aimed to assess the quality of life (QoL) of parents of children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) in Jordan and its associated factors. Methods: This comparative study was conducted among parents of children with ASD and non-ASD. Data collection took four setting areas that include three centers for autism in three different municipalities and the control group was collected using social media. A convenience sample of 242 parents agreed to complete a QoL questionnaire. Results: Parents of children with ASD in Jordan have poor QoL across the five domains of QoL in compare with parents with non-ASD child. Factors such as gender, level of education, living condition and employment status were found impacting QoL., Competing Interests: The authors have no competing interests or relevant affiliations with any organization or entity with the subject matter or materials discussed in the manuscript. This includes employment, consultancies, honoraria, stock ownership or options, expert testimony, grants or patents received or pending, or royalties., (© 2023 Abedallah Kasem.)

Introduction: Sleeping is necessary for the infant growth and development. Sufficient and quality of sleep can have an impact on physical, cognitive, and emotional functioning. Infancy is a critical time for establishing healthy habits and routines. However, many infants were suffering from sleeping issues that impact their health., Objectives: This study aims to evaluate the effect of educational programs given to mothers regarding their infants' sleep on mothers' knowledge and attitudes toward infant's sleeping., Method: A quasi-experimental design for nonequivalent groups was used, and data was collected from 208 mothers with infants aged 5-12 months from all Jordanian governorates who had not been exposed to educational programs prior to this study. Data was collected in two stages: pre-test and post-test, with two weeks in between for both groups., Results: The final results indicated that the educational intervention had a significant impact on mothers' knowledge over time. It was found that mothers in the intervention group had significantly higher mean of infant sleep health knowledge at follow up time compared to their baseline time (B = 0.236, P 0.001). Also, the yielded analysis showed that there was no significant change in mothers' mean attitudes toward infants sleeping over time (P = 0.011). The mothers' measured sleep health knowledge correlated positively and significantly statistically with their sleep health attitudes score (r = 0.436, P 0.010)., Competing Interests: The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (© 2024 The Authors.)

Aims: The study aims to examine the correlation between intimate partner violence [IPV] and quality of life [HRQoL] of mothers during COVID-19 era., Method: This study is a cross-sectional correlational study. The inclusion criteria was Jordanian women with at least 18 years old, who read and write in Arabic language and able to participate. The collection of data was done through a self-reported questionnaire distributed and completely filled with 300 married Jordanian women using social media. This study was conducted between the months of October and December 2020. The participants signed consent after being informed of their rights to exit at any point during the study and the study methods., Results: The prevalence of IPV among women was 28.3. The mean of quality of life is 86.0 [SD = 13.1) and the mean of violence is 11.9 [SD = 3.01). There was a significant negative relationship between violence and quality of life (r2 = .224, p = .001). This means as the violence increases, the quality-of-life decreases., Conclusion: In conclusion, there is an association between IPV and HRQoL among married people. Providing an education program and vital resources for women with the goal of preventing COVID-19 violence and assisting Jordanians become very essential., Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist., (Copyright: © 2024 Abuhammad et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.)

Background: High levels of empathy and self-awareness and low level of stress among nursing students are the core elements of improving patients' care and outcomes. The purpose of this study is to assess the levels, relationships, and predictors of empathy, self-awareness, and perceived stress in a sample of undergraduate Jordanian nursing students., Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional design was employed to collect data from 330 students using a web-based survey., Results: The total mean scores of empathy, self-awareness, and perceived stress were 75.75, 40.17, and 55.65, respectively. Students who are studying in public universities, with higher GPA, who have no intention to leave nursing, and who are satisfied with nursing; reported higher level of empathy. Students with lower income level, who have no intention to leave nursing, and who are satisfied with nursing; reported higher level of self-awareness. Female students, those who sleeping 6 h and less, did not get a balanced diet or perform exercise, studying in public universities, lower GPA, have intention to leave nursing, and did not satisfy with nursing; reported higher level of perceived stress., Conclusions: Nursing students reported adequate empathy level, low self-awareness level, and moderate perceived stress level. Students who are satisfied and have no intention to leave nursing reported higher level of empathy, self-awareness, and perceived stress. It is necessary to conduct interventional programs that enhance students' well-being especially empathy and self-awareness, and reduce the level of their stress., (© 2024. The Author(s).)

Objective: Life expectancy of Jordanian women has increased, indicating that the number of women entering menopause age, during the prime of their working life, will also increase. Therefore, assessments of the quality of life (QoL) of working and retired women and factors associated with overall wellbeing, are essential for the provision of quality services and care., Method: A cross-sectional study was conducted with 200 Jordanian women between the ages of 45 to 60 years old. The Utian QOL tool was used to assess the quality of life among menopausal women. Multiple regressions were used to determine predictors for QoL for the whole sample and for each group of working and retired women., Results: The study shows that the total QoL for women was 77.5 ±14.4, with a significant difference (p=.023) in total QoL and the occupational domain (p=.003) between working and retired women. Employed women with fewer chronic diseases and using frequent preventive measures had a higher QoL compared to others., Conclusion: Working itself might be an important indicator for better a quality of life among menopausal women. Better working conditions and more attention from the health care providers for the menopausal changes and the preventive measures could enhance women's perceived QoL in addition to increasing their productivity., Competing Interests: No competing interests were disclosed., (Copyright: © 2024 Assaf EA et al.)

Background: Improving breastfeeding practices is a worldwide priority. Pharmacists have the opportunity to actively promote breastfeeding and educate parents as well as the general public about its benefits., Research Aims: The aims of this study are to investigate Jordanian pharmacists' present breastfeeding support practices and perceptions regarding their need for education and training in breastfeeding support., Methods: To examine sociodemographic characteristics of community pharmacists in Jordan and their current breastfeeding support practices and educational needs, a descriptive cross-sectional online (self-report) survey was conducted. Through social media, pharmacists working in community pharmacies in Jordan were recruited between August 2021 and February 2022. The level of breastfeeding support participants had been provided with was measured using eight items in a 5-point Likert scale ranging from 5 ( Always) to 1 ( Never) . Each participant self-reported the frequency of advice/information given to breastfeeding women in each of these areas. Univariate and multivariable linear regression models were used to identify factors associated with the level of breastfeeding support., Results: Participants ( N  = 381) reported a high level of breastfeeding support, but expressed a need for training and education for further improvement. The breastfeeding support score of female participants was found to be 0.12 higher than that of males (Beta = 0.12, p  = .02), 0.16 higher in married participants compared to non-married participants (Beta = 0.16, p  = .03), and 0.10 higher in participants working in rural areas compared to those working in urban areas (Beta = 0.10, p  = .04)., Conclusion: While community pharmacists generally report a high level of breastfeeding support, our findings revealed demographic differences. Attention to specific areas of need might enhance what pharmacists could offer; however, additional research would be required to guide the specific educational content., Competing Interests: Disclosures and Conflicts of InterestThe authors declared no potential conflicts of interest with respect to the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article.

Aim: The aim of this study is to examine the protective properties of Coriandrum sativum and Aloysia triphylla against the development of skin cancer., Methods: The skin cancer balb/c mouse model was utilized in the study. Plant extracts were administered to animals using oral gavage. In addition, skin cancer was induced using 7,12-dimethylbenz( a) anthracene (DMBA)., Results: The study found that A. triphylla extract reduced both tumor incidence (P&#60;0.01) and papilloma frequency ( P &#60;0.001) and delayed the onset of tumor development ( P &#60;0.001). The A. triphylla extract did not affect tumor size in animals. C. sativum leaf extract reduced the number of tumors per animal, the incidence of tumors, and the frequency of papilloma ( P &#60;0.05). In addition, it delayed ( P &#60;0.01) the onset of tumors. Treatment of animals with C. sativum seed extract reduced the frequency of papilloma (P<0.05) and delayed the onset of tumors ( P &#60;0.05). However, the examined plant extracts did not impact the size of tumors induced by DMBA ( P >0.05)., Conclusion: The findings of this study revealed that C. sativum and A. triphylla could protect against cancer development as indicated using the animal model of skin painting assay., (Copyright© Bentham Science Publishers; For any queries, please email at epub@benthamscience.net.)

There is a need to consider the geographical origins when studying the association between COVID-19 and the comorbid conditions. To examine the role of inflammation in determining the severity of COVID-19 among hospitalized patients with diabetes and compare these roles with those who does not have diabetes. A cross sectional comparative design was used with a convenience sample of 352 patients. Samples were collected from hospitalized patients with COVID-19 who were divided into 2 groups (diabetes and non-diabetes). Data regarding results of selected inflammatory markers and sociodemographic were collected. The severity of COVID-19 differed significantly between the diabetes and non-diabetes groups (Chi square = 25.58 P < .05). There was significant difference in the mean scores of neutrophil counts, monocyte count, Basophil count, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, partial thromboplastin time, C-creative protein, platelets, white blood cells, and mean cellular hemoglobin center between those with and those without diabetes. The diabetes were shown more increased in the predictors and severity of the COVID-19 disease. However, neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio, neutrophil count, and age were the significant predictors of the severity level of COVID-19 among patients with diabetes. In conclusion, our study addressed the influence of having diabetes among hospitalized patients with moderate and severe COVID-19 infection. The results showed that severity of COVID-19 infection was affected by diabetes where those with diabetes had more tendency to suffer from the severe form of the disease rather that the moderate level., Competing Interests: The authors have no funding and conflicts of interest to disclose., (Copyright © 2023 the Author(s). Published by Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc.)

Drugs targeting cyclin-dependent kinases 4 and 6 (CDK4/6) are promising new treatments for melanoma and other solid malignancies. In studies on CDK4/6 inhibitor resistance, protein arginine methyltransferase 5 (PRMT5) regulation of alternative splicing was shown to be an important downstream component of the CDK4/6 pathway. However, the full effects of inhibition of CDK4/6 on splicing events in melanoma and the extent to which they are dependent on PRMT5 has not been established. We performed full-length mRNA sequencing on CHL1 and A375 melanoma cell lines treated with the CDK4/6 inhibitor palbociclib and the PRMT5 inhibitor GSK3326595 and analysed data for differential gene expression and differential pre-mRNA splicing induced by these agents. Changes in gene expression and RNA splicing were more extensive under PRMT5 inhibition than under CDK4/6 inhibition. Although PRMT5 inhibition and CDK4/6 inhibition induced common RNA splicing events and gene expression profiles, the majority of events induced by CDK4/6 inhibition were distinct. Our findings indicate CDK4/6 has the ability to regulate alternative splicing in a manner that is distinct from PRMT5 inhibition, resulting in divergent changes in gene expression under each therapy., Competing Interests: The authors declare that they have no competing interests., (Copyright: © 2023 Chan et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.)

Aims: To describe the level of knowledge of undergraduate students in Jordan toward COVID-19 in children in respect of the clinical signs of the disease, modes of transmission, protection measures against the disease and satisfaction with governmental measures., Design: A cross-section was utilized in this study., Methods: An online survey questionnaire was utilized in this research study. All undergraduate students in Jordan were able to take part. The size of the sample was 799. Knowledge toward COVID-19 among children was used to assess the participants' knowledge about COVID-19., Results: The findings indicate that the students had a good understanding of the clinical signs, mode of transmission and protection measures and were satisfied with governmental measures. According to the students' responses, the resource they used the most was social media followed by news channels. Our study also found that medical specialty students had more knowledge toward COVID-19 than non-medical., (© 2023 The Authors. Nursing Open published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.)

Aim: To review studies regarding neonatal nurses' knowledge and attitude toward neonatal palliative care (NPC)., Method: The researchers searched internet sources such as Google Scholar for NPC, Nurses, Knowledge, Attitude, and Educational Intervention., Results: Subheadings identified in the literature review were Nurses Knowledge toward NPC in NICU, Nurses Attitude toward NPC in NICU, correlation between Knowledge and Attitude toward NPC in NICU, The Effect of Educational program on Nurses Knowledge and Attitude toward NPC in NICU, and the Predictors of Knowledge and Attitude toward NPC among Nurses in NICU and Barriers to NPC provision and improvement., Conclusion: There are few studies from different nations regarding NPC found nurses have an inadequate knowledge of NPC, which also reflects their attitude., Competing Interests: The authors have no other relevant affiliations or financial involvement with any organization or entity with a financial interest in or financial conflict with the subject matter or materials discussed in the manuscript apart from those disclosed., (© 2023 Sawsan Abuhammad.)

This study aims to investigate sleep patterns and quality in patients who had SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) infection and to determine the sleep quality and pattern among patients. A cross-sectional design was used to assess sleeping patterns during the post-COVID-19 era for recovered individuals from April 1st, 2022, to June 1st, 2022. The participants had to meet the following requirements: both genders, ages 18 to 70, and previously infected with COVID-19. The prevalence of low sleep quality among the recovered individuals during post-COVID-19 era was 834 (40.6%), and the prevalence of disturbance in sleep quality was 1308 (63.6%). Lower economic status and younger ages in twenties and thirties experienced more disturbances in sleep patterns than other older ages. Many predictors were determined the quality of sleep. These predictors were age (B = .105, P = .00), income (B = .05, P = .035) and educational level (B = .20, P = .006). To sum up, our study found that the prevalence of low sleep quality among the recovered individuals during post-COVID-19 era was moderate, and the prevalence of disturbance in sleep quality was high. The predictors of quality of sleep were age, income, and educational level. Practitioners should be trained to evaluate and manage sleep disturbances, as this comprehensive approach has the potential to reduce mental distress and prevent the consequences of sleep disturbances., Competing Interests: The authors have no funding and conflicts of interest to disclose., (Copyright © 2023 the Author(s). Published by Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc.)

Awareness of poor sleep quality and sleep disturbances, as some of the factors that affect negatively quality of life for patients with the different classes of heart failure (HF) would enable health care providers to offer more comprehensive care. The purposes of this study were to describe sleep quality and predictors of disturbances in sleep in heart failure patients in Jordan. An explanatory cross- sectional design was employed to examine sleep quality, dimensions of sleep characteristics, types of disturbances in sleep within the different classes of HF in Jordan. Data were collected from 2 cardiac clinics and 2 medical clinics at 3 hospitals in Jordan. The most common types of disturbances in sleep in all classes of HF were waking up for urination, waking in the middle of the night or early morning, waking up due to cough and snoring, and difficulty to fall asleep within the 30 minutes. However, waking up due to feeling cold or hot were rarely reported in all classes of patients with HF. Regression analysis revealed that significant correlations were found between sleep quality and gender, disease duration, number of medications currently taken and ejection fraction (P < .05). Our findings indicated that sleep quality and disturbances in sleep were worsening with the increase of the New York heart association functional classification sheet class. Moreover, sleep quality had a significant association with gender, disease duration, ejection fraction, and the number of medications currently taken., Competing Interests: The authors have no funding and conflicts of interest to disclose., (Copyright © 2022 the Author(s). Published by Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc.)

Many researchers emphasize the importance of studying sleep quality among patients with heart failure (HF). Because of the importance of this topic, many studies have been conducted to address the different aspects of sleep-in various populations of patients with HF. The purposes of our study were: to assess the types of disturbances in sleep within the different classes of HF, and to assess whether there were differences in the levels of sleep quality and types of disturbances in sleep within the different classes in non-hospitalized Jordan patients with HF. Data were gathered from 2 cardiac clinics and 2 medical clinics at 3 Jordan hospitals. A minimum sample of 200 people was recruited to participate in this study based on these criteria and factors. The prevalence of low sleep quality and types of disturbances in sleep were increased with the increase in New York Heart Association class. Nearly 3 quarters of the study sample had poor sleep quality 73.5% (n = 147). Using a score of 5 as a cut point, 147 patients with HF in our study sample had poor sleep quality. The most common types in all classes were waking up for urination, waking in the middle of the night or early morning, waking up due to coughing and snoring, and difficulty falling asleep within 30 minutes. However, waking up due to feeling cold or hot were rarely reported in all classes of patients with HF. Poor sleep quality negatively affects the quality of life in patients with HF by decreasing physical cognitive and psychosocial performance in those patients. This is the first study in literature study sleep quality in the different New York Heart Association functional classes., Competing Interests: The authors have no conflicts of interest to disclose., (Copyright © 2022 the Author(s). Published by Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc.)

Background: The initial clinical training has been reported by nursing students as the most challenging component of the nursing programs. Although progressive muscle relaxation and guided imagery have been reported to improve emotional and physical health, the use of such approaches among nursing students rarely exist., Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine the deferential effects of progressive muscle relaxation [PMR] and guided imagery [GI] on physical and emotional symptoms in nursing students taking their initial clinical training., Methods: Using a three-group, randomized, single blinded study conducted in a large Jordanian university, 156 nursing students were randomly allocated into one of three study groups (PMR group, GI group, and control group). The physical symptoms and emotional symptoms of depression, anxiety, and stress were assessed at baseline and end of the intervention. The study protocol was registered in ClinicalTrail.gov, identifier: xxxxxx., Results: Using one-way MANOVA and post-hoc comparisons, the results showed that PMR and GI significantly reduced more physical symptoms than control condition although PMR was more effective than GI in this regard. GI significantly decreased more emotional symptoms such as anxiety, depression, and stress than PMR and control condition. PMR decreased anxiety, depression, and stress but the results were not statistically significant., Conclusion: The findings of this study support the ABC relaxation theory claiming that PMR im-proves better physical symptoms while GI improves better emotional symptoms. However, further studies using students from multiple settings are needed., (© 2022 The Authors.)

Aim: This study aims to investigate the maternal perception and awareness of Baby-Friendly Hospital Initiative (BFHI) policies., Method: A descriptive, cross-sectional research design was employed. A total of 205 mothers who gave birth in two hospitals in Jordan comprised the sample for this study. A self-administered questionnaire developed from the review of literature and from an audit tool of one of the research settings was used to assess maternal perception of BFHI policies and maternal awareness of breastfeeding. Ethical approval was sought before data collection., Findings: Mothers had moderate levels of awareness of breastfeeding importance; further, most of them mentioned the provision of a policy that addresses all the steps to successful breastfeeding as a major facilitator to breastfeeding. In terms of the BFHI, mothers had a moderate level of awareness of breastfeeding initiatives and showed positive perceptions of BFHI policies., Conclusion and Implication: Improving maternal perception of BFHI policies and maternal awareness of breastfeeding has the potential to affect breastfeeding uptake and management. Future research is recommended in the areas of (1) identification of barriers to breastfeeding among Jordan mothers, (2) determination of the impact of translating maternal awareness to breastfeeding uptake, and (3) effect of infant gender and antenatal care in breastfeeding initiation and maintenance., (© 2022 Wiley Periodicals LLC.)

Aim: This study aimed to explore healthcare providers' (HCP) stigmatization from patients during the COVID-19 outbreak in Jordan., Method: A cross-sectional design was used. Data collection was conducted between May and July 2021. The research questionnaire included demographic information about participants and multiple statements that reflect stigma of participants toward HCPs. Regression analysis was conducted to assess the association between stigma and explanatory variables., Results: A total of 777 surveys were included in the study. Many people show high stigma toward HCPs during COVID-19 pandemic. Various factors including hearing news all time (p<.001), having children (p<.024), and smoking (p<.001) were significant in prediction stigma toward HCPs., Conclusion: This one of few studies conducted in Jordan regarding the stigma toward HCP from other people with chronic diseases. Our study found that many people showed some stigma toward HCP during COVID-19. Stigmatization of HCP related to a pandemic is a lesson most people have not learned. It is not enough to cheer HCPs. A clear, sensible public education campaign about the public's risks by interacting with HCP is necessary., (© 2022 Wiley Periodicals LLC.)

Aims: This study surveyed people regarding their acceptance of periodic doses (i.e., annual boosters) of the COVID-19 vaccine. Moreover, factors that correlate with attitudes toward periodic COVID-19 vaccines were assessed and identified., Method: The study employed a cross-sectional methodology. The study questionnaire was distributed using Google Forms. Data were collected during the last quarter of 2021, and 1,416 adults (18 years old and over) from Jordan responded. Acceptance of COVID-19 periodic vaccine doses was calculated as a percentage of the total number of study participants, and their attitudes were scored. A multiple regression model was used to determine the predictors of public attitudes toward the annual dose of COVID-19 vaccines., Results: The acceptance rate for receiving periodic doses of the COVID-19 vaccine was low (19.3%). Additionally, 26% of participants were unsure about receiving additional doses of the vaccine. However, 54.7% had a negative attitude toward getting periodic doses. The mean score for attitudes toward periodic doses was 47.9 (range: 29-66). Among the identified factors leading to decisions not to receive periodic doses were side effects (49.1%), waiting for further clinical studies (38.8%), and perceived no risk of contracting COVID-19 (17.7%). Regression analysis showed that income, educational attainment, and following the news about COVID-19 were predictors of participants' attitudes toward the periodic COVID-19 vaccine., Conclusion: Acceptance of periodic doses of the COVID-19 vaccine in Jordan is low, and the public's attitude is generally negative. Health programs and educational interventions are needed to promote vaccine acceptance and positive attitudes., Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Abstract: This study aimed to examine the acceptance and predictors of remote education through Internet-based learning among undergraduate nursing students in Jordan. An online survey was used with a sample of 344 students to assess satisfaction with remote education. Responses indicated that undergraduate nursing students were unsatisfied with remote education for several reasons. Many students (n = 188, 55 percent) strongly agreed that problems and obstacles were encountered when they studied subjects electronically. The acceptance of remote education was predicted by educational level (p = .01), device used (p = .001), and Internet reliability p = .001)., Competing Interests: The authors have declared no conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2022 National League for Nursing.)

Objective: This study aims to assess the knowledge and attitude of nurses toward pediatric palliative care (PPC) and examine the impact of an educational program on pediatric nurses' knowledge and attitude regarding PPC for children facing life-threatening illnesses or chronic diseases in Jordan., Method: A quasi-experimental design was used. Exactly 120 pediatric nurses participated in the study, of which 60 were in the intervention group and 60 in the control group., Results: The results of the study showed that nurses had a low score in knowledge and attitude toward PPC. The mean knowledge score of PPC for the control group is 6.88 (SD = 2.26), while that of the intervention group was 7.92 (SD = 1.99; p = 0.052). The mean attitude for PPC score for the control group was 95.88 (SD = 7.90), while that of the intervention group was 100 (SD = 10.95; p = 0.009). Also, the educational intervention had a significant positive effect on the knowledge and attitude toward PPC among nurses., Significance of the Results: Based on the result of this study, the authors found strong evidence of the effectiveness of the PPC educational program when it came to improving the nurses' knowledge and attitude toward PPC services and offer us an effective educational program.

Vaccines are important to improve immunity against pathogens and diseases. The current COVID-19 disease is rapidly evolving and spreading among people; therefore, it is important to utilize a proper vaccination strategy against it. Currently, many approved vaccines are available and accessible; however, there is a reported hesitancy against taking them among the public and even the health care workers. Mainly, this is attributed to the fear of the possible side effects and complications. Moreover, inaccurate knowledge disseminated through the media/social media especially by those who lack proper expertise adds confusion and more fear that affects the vaccination decision. For such reasons, it is essential to find strategies to increase the acceptability of vaccines and to enhance confidence in the vaccination process. This should be accompanied by sufficient efforts and proper clinical studies to confirm the value and the safety of the vaccines. Those strategies are important to avoid the further spread of the COVID-19 disease and to abort the pandemic worldwide, especially when considering the likely approach towards a COVID-19 booster vaccination program, in which booster vaccines are re-taken along intervals to adequately contain the rapidly evolving nature of the virus. This review article highlights the factors influencing the acceptability of the COVID-19 vaccination and enrollment in clinical trials among the public and some specific populations. Furthermore, it summarizes the suggested strategies and recommendations that can improve the attitudes towards COVID-19 vaccination programs., (Copyright© Bentham Science Publishers; For any queries, please email at epub@benthamscience.net.)

Objectives: The objective of this study was to survey pregnant and lactating toward COVID-19 vaccination in Jordan and determine the predictors of this attitude., Methods: This study used a 10 min anonymous, online, cross-sectional survey to collect data. The survey was carried out between September and October 2021. Eligible study participants included all pregnant and lactating women in Jordan. The participants were recruited through social media, midwives, and gynecologists. Survey was used to collect data from the participants., Results: The mean attitude of pregnant and lactating women toward COVID vaccination was moderate 71 (SD=100.5). Many factors were predicted the attitude of pregnant and lactating women toward COVID-19 vaccination. The factors were source of data regarding COVID-19 (B=-0.140, p=0.009), level of income (B=-0.141, p=0.009), and social status (B=0.130, p=0.034). These results mean lower income, people who frequently hearing news from news channel or ministry of health and married are showed more positive attitude toward COVID-19 vaccination for children., Conclusions: This is a large national study regarding attitude of pregnant and lactating women toward COVID-19 vaccination in Jordan. This study found that more than 50% for the parents were hesitant to allow their children to receive COVID-19 vaccination. There were no differences between pregnant and lactating women toward COVID-19 vaccination., (© 2022 Walter de Gruyter GmbH, Berlin/Boston.)

Background: The aim of the study was to examine changes in the frequency of respiratory diseases during the COVID-19 pandemic and to correlate the changes with nonpharmacological interventions for overcoming the pandemic. In addition, the study explored the predictors of adherence to nonpharmacological interventions among the Jordanian public., Method: The study is survey-based and self-reported, using convenient sampling. The study was conducted during October-November of 2021., Results: The study included 1714 participants. About one-quarter of participants reported decreases in the incidence of cold (21.9%), influenza (24.7%), respiratory infections other than cold and influenza (23.3%), tonsillitis (23.0%), and oral ulcers (23.5%). On the other hand, the majority reported no change in the incidence of the above infections (62.0-64.4%). Adherence of the sample to nonpharmacological interventions of COVID-19 was moderate. The percentages of people who always wear a mask, follow social distancing, and use sanitizing procedures were 47.1%, 37.8%, and 68.8% respectively. ANOVA test showed a significant correlation between the incidence of respiratory/oral infections and adherence to nonpharmacological interventions. The multiple regression test showed that people who followed COVID-19 news, have children, have a job, and being married were more adhered to nonpharmacological measures compared to others., Conclusion: Implementation of nonpharmacological interventions used to overcome the COVID-19 pandemic can be applied to reduce other respiratory infections during their peak seasons., Competing Interests: The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest., (Copyright © 2022 Sawsan Abuhammad et al.)

Newborn screening is an important public health program that helps save the lives of many infants worldwide. The aim of this cross-sectional descriptive study was to examine the knowledge and attitudes of mothers regarding the newborn screening test in Jordan. A convenient sample of 301 mothers of newborns was interviewed to collect data, using structured questionnaires about their knowledge and attitudes regarding the newborn screening. Most mothers exhibited positive attitudes toward the newborn screening. However, their knowledge about it was only moderate; their knowledge levels contributed positively to their attitudes to the test. The mothers' source of information about the test was a significant predictor for both their level of knowledge and attitudes toward the newborn screening. The healthcare providers, particularly nurses, were identified as the main source of mothers' information in Jordan. The educative role of the health professionals is key and should be better activated to optimize the outcomes of early newborn screening. Changes in current practices regarding mothers' education about NS is recommended to increase the knowledge and enhance attitude about NS among the mothers., (© 2022. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.)

Background: The outbreak of COVID-19 forced public health authorities around the world to call for national emergency plans. Public responses, in the form of social discrimination and stigmatizing behaviors, are increasingly being observed against individuals with confirmed COVID-19 and healthcare workers (HCWs) caring for those individuals. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the perception of social discrimination and coping strategies, and explore predictors of social discrimination and coping with COVID-19 among HCWs and individuals with confirmed COVID-19. Methods: This study used a cross-sectional descriptive-comparative design to collect data, using a convenience sample of 105 individuals with confirmed COVID-19 and 109 HCWs using a web-based survey format. Results: In this study, individuals confirmed with COVID-19 reported a high level of social discrimination compared with HCWs (t = 2.62, p < 0.01), while HCWs reported a high level of coping with COVID-19 compared to individuals with COVID-19 (t = -3.91, p < 0.001). Educational level, age, monthly income, and taking over-the-counter medication were predictors of social discrimination and coping with COVID-19 among HCWs and individuals with confirmed COVID-19. Conclusions: The findings showed that individuals with confirmed COVID-19 were more likely to face social discrimination, and HCWs cope with COVID-19 better than ordinary individuals with confirmed COVID-19., Competing Interests: No competing interests were disclosed., (Copyright: © 2022 Dalky H et al.)

Abstract: This study aims to compare the attitudes of nursing students in Jordan toward seeking professional psychological help, before and after taking part in a mental health course. A pretest-posttest design was used to assess the attitudes of 205 nursing students attending a state-run university in Zarqa City, Jordan. A significant difference was found in Attitudes Toward Seeking Professional Psychological Help subscales before and after the course, implying that it would be useful for policy makers to provide periodic comprehensive mental health education and courses for practicing health care providers., Competing Interests: The authors have declared no conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2021 National League for Nursing.)

Background: Emerging health professionals in undergraduate programs should be equipped to provide care to people with substance use disorder (SUD). The students' personal attributes may impact their attitude toward those with SUD. This study aims to evaluate the impact of personal attributes of Jordanian undergraduate health students on their attitudes toward SUD and examine the relationship between the personal attributes and their devaluation and discriminatory (stigmatory) behaviour toward those with SUD., Method: A cross-sectional descriptive design was used to examine the attitudes and stigmatory behaviours. The data were collected between May to October 2017 with a structured questionnaire that consisted of three parts: 1) a data sheet to collect the socio-demographic characteristics of the participants, 2) the Acute Mental Health Scale (ATAMHS), and 3) the Devaluation-Discrimination Scale (DDS)., Findings: Younger and females demonstrated a positive attitude toward those with SUD compared to older or male students. Age, gender, and previous experience with SUD are significant factors that affect their attitude., Conclusion: Identifying the attitude to people with SUD and personal attributes of emerging health professionals in Jordan will help identify the need to educate them prior to their entry into practice., Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Androgen receptor (AR) signaling is the central driver of prostate cancer across disease states. While androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) is effective in the initial treatment of prostate cancer, resistance to ADT or to next-generation androgen pathway inhibitors invariably arises, most commonly through the re-activation of the AR axis. Thus, orthogonal approaches to inhibit AR signaling in advanced prostate cancer are essential. Here, via genome-scale CRISPR-Cas9 screening, we identify protein arginine methyltransferase 1 (PRMT1) as a critical mediator of AR expression and signaling. PRMT1 regulates the recruitment of AR to genomic target sites and the inhibition of PRMT1 impairs AR binding at lineage-specific enhancers, leading to decreased expression of key oncogenes, including AR itself. In addition, AR-driven prostate cancer cells are uniquely susceptible to combined AR and PRMT1 inhibition. Our findings implicate PRMT1 as a key regulator of AR output and provide a preclinical framework for co-targeting of AR and PRMT1 in advanced prostate cancer., Competing Interests: Declaration of interests J.G.D. consults for Tango Therapeutics, Maze Therapeutics, Foghorn Therapeutics, and Pfizer. W.C.H. is a consultant for Thermo Fisher Scientific, Solasta Ventures, MPM Capital, KSQ Therapeutics, iTeos, Tyra Biosciences, Function Oncology, RAPPTA Therapeutics, Jubilant Therapeutics, Frontier Medicines, and Calyx. S.R.V. has consulted for MPM Capital and Vida Ventures; his spouse is a co-founder, employee of, and holds equity in Kojin Therapeutics. The spouse of P.S.C. is an employee of Cullinan Oncology. J.H.H. is a consultant for and lends research support to Astrin Biosciences and is a principal investigator for the genitourinary subgroup at Caris Life Sciences., (Copyright © 2022. Published by Elsevier Inc.)

Translocation renal cell carcinoma (tRCC) is a poorly characterized subtype of kidney cancer driven by MiT/TFE gene fusions. Here, we define the landmarks of tRCC through an integrative analysis of 152 patients with tRCC identified across genomic, clinical trial, and retrospective cohorts. Most tRCCs harbor few somatic alterations apart from MiT/TFE fusions and homozygous deletions at chromosome 9p21.3 (19.2% of cases). Transcriptionally, tRCCs display a heightened NRF2-driven antioxidant response that is associated with resistance to targeted therapies. Consistently, we find that outcomes for patients with tRCC treated with vascular endothelial growth factor receptor inhibitors (VEGFR-TKIs) are worse than those treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI). Using multiparametric immunofluorescence, we find that the tumors are infiltrated with CD8 + T cells, though the T cells harbor an exhaustion immunophenotype distinct from that of clear cell RCC. Our findings comprehensively define the clinical and molecular features of tRCC and may inspire new therapeutic hypotheses., Competing Interests: Declaration of interests Z.B.: research funding from Bristol-Myers Squibb & Genentech/imCORE; honoraria from UpToDate. X.G.: advisory board for Exelixis, Bayer and Guardant Health. D.A.B.: non-financial support from Bristol Myers Squibb, honoraria from LM Education/Exchange Services, advisory board fees from Exelixis and Aveo, and consulting/personal fees from Octane Global, Defined Health, Dedham Group, Adept Field Solutions, Slingshot Insights, Blueprint Partnerships, Charles River Associates, Trinity Group, and Insight Strategy outside of the submitted work. N.I.V.: advisory board to Sanofi/Genzyme, Oncocyte, and Lilly. M.S.H.: consultant, Janssen Pharmaceuticals and UpToDate. R.H.: research funding from Novartis. B.A.M.: consultant for Bayer, Astellas, AstraZeneca, Seattle Genetics, Exelixis, Nektar, Pfizer, Janssen, Genentech, Eisai, Dendreon, Bristol Myers Squibb, Calithera, and EMD Serono; research funding to the institution from Bristol Myers Squibb, Calithera, Exelixis, and Seattle Genetics. A.S.F.: consultant, Olympus America, Inc.; honoraria, Roche, Janssen; advisory board, Vessi Medical. C.J.W.: equity holder of BioNTech, Inc; research funding from Pharmacyclics. D.F.M.: honoraria from BMS, Pfizer, Merck, Alkermes, Inc., EMD Serono, Eli Lilly and Company, Iovance, Eisai, Inc., Werewolf Therapeutics, and Calithera Biosciences; research support from BMS, Merck, Genentech, Pfizer, Exelixis, X4 Pharma, and Alkermes, Inc. D.Y.C.H.: consultancies and research funding from Pfizer, Novartis, BMS, Merck, Eisai, Ipsen, and Exelixis. S.S.: grants from Exelixis, grants from Bristol-Myers Squibb, personal fees from Merck, grants and personal fees from AstraZeneca, personal fees from CRISPR Therapeutics, personal fees from NCI, and personal fees from AACR; a patent for Biogenex with royalties paid. E.M.V.A.: advisory/consulting, Tango Therapeutics, Genome Medical, Invitae, Enara Bio, Janssen, Manifold Bio, Monte Rosa; research support, Novartis, BMS; equity, Tango Therapeutics, Genome Medical, Syapse, Enara Bio, Manifold Bio, Microsoft, Monte Rosa; patents, institutional patents filed on chromatin mutations and immunotherapy response and methods for clinical interpretation. T.K.C.: research (institutional and personal), Alexion, Analysis Group, AstraZeneca, Aveo, Bayer, Bristol Myers-Squibb/ER Squibb and Sons, LLC, Calithera, Cerulean, Corvus, Eisai, Exelixis, F. Hoffmann-La Roche, Foundation Medicine, Inc., Genentech, GlaxoSmithKline, Ipsen, Lilly, Merck, Novartis, Peloton, Pfizer, Prometheus Labs, Roche, Roche Products Limited, Sanofi/Aventis, Takeda, and Tracon; consulting/honoraria or advisory role, Alexion, Analysis Group, AstraZeneca, Aveo, Bayer, Bristol Myers-Squibb/ER Squibb and Sons, LLC, Cerulean, Corvus, Eisai, EMD Serono, Exelixis, Foundation Medicine, Inc., Genentech, GlaxoSmithKline, Heron Therapeutics, Infinity Pharma, Ipsen, Jansen Oncology, IQVIA, Lilly, Merck, NCCN, Novartis, Nuscan, Peloton, Pfizer, Pionyr, Prometheus Labs, Roche, Sanofi/Aventis, Surface Oncology, Tempest, and Up-to-Date; CME-related events (e.g., OncLIve, PVI, MJH Life Sciences); NCI GU Steering Committee; stock ownership, Pionyr and Tempest; patents filed, royalties, or other intellectual properties, related to biomarkers of immune checkpoint blockers and ctDNA; travel, accommodations, expenses, medical writing in relation to consulting, advisory roles, or honoraria; no speaker’s bureau. S.R.V.: consulting, MPM Capital and Vida Ventures; spouse is an employee of and holds equity in Kojin Therapeutics. All other authors report no competing interests., (Copyright © 2021 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)