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Background: Azathioprine is one of the earliest immunosuppressants prescribed for several autoimmune diseases. Yet there is a lack of research on the impact of azathioprine on pulp healing following the pulp capping procedure. Aim: This study aimed to investigate the effect of azathioprine on the healing ability of mechanically exposed dogs' dental pulps following direct pulp capping with mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA), bio-aggregates (BA), and Calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH)2). Methods: Four mongrel dogs were randomly assigned to two groups (two dogs/30 teeth in each group): immunosuppressed (group I) and control (group II). Group I received azathioprine for two months before surgical treatments and until the dogs were euthanized. Fifteen class V buccal cavities were performed in each dog. Each group was randomly divided into three subgroups (10 teeth each) based on the pulp capping substance. The pulps in subgroups A, B, and C were immediately capped with MTA, BA, and Ca(OH)2, respectively. Inflammation and dentine bridge development were histopathologically evaluated and scored at one and two months. The data were statistically analyzed. Results: The immunosuppressed group exhibited statistically greater inflammatory cell count and decreased dentine bridge thickness, compared to the control group in all subgroups (p < 0.05). Conclusion: Azathioprine has an adverse effect on the healing of exposed dogs' dental pulp following direct pulp capping with MTA, BA, and Ca(OH)2. Therefore, patients using azathioprine as an immunosuppressive medication may experience delayed healing of mechanically exposed pulps following capping with MTA, BA, or Ca(OH)2. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Telehealth is a rapidly developing field of veterinary medicine, particularly during and after the coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. The world and animal owners' expectations are changing to the point where veterinary practice will need to adapt due to information technology advancements. This narrative review describes the status, benefits, technology basics, applications, limitations, and legal aspects of veterinary telemedicine over the globe. Veterinary telemedicine is a service alongside other veterinary services that meets client needs, delivers quality medicine, and improves animal welfare. The most frequently utilized veterinary telemedicine applications include teleradiology, telesonography, teledentistry, telecardiology, telerehabilitation, anesthesia teleconsultation, telehospice and telepalliative care, telecytology, tele-endoscpy, teledermatology, tele-ophthalmology, tele-behavior therapy, and veterinary education and training. Veterinary telemedicine has a bright near future and will impact veterinary medicine and animal welfare due to its numerous advantages. These advantages include its low cost, availability, involvement in veterinary health care, online payment, and effectiveness in many clinical situations such as follow-up after an in-person examination, inspection of surgical sites, or mobility. Nevertheless, veterinary telemedicine should receive more attention from veterinary professional regulatory bodies in all countries. Moreover, it is necessary to conduct more studies to evaluate how telehealth is beginning to improve veterinary care, particularly for underserved regions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article provides information on the physiological and behavioral considerations for managing horses with tail disorders. The horse's tail serves various purposes, including communication, temperature regulation, and protection. Different tail disorders can occur in horses, and treatment options depend on the specific injury. The article also discusses the practice of tail docking in horses and argues that there are no documented benefits for horses in tail docking, emphasizing the importance of preserving the tail for their well-being. [Extracted from the article]

Effective root canal disinfection is necessary for success of endodontic treatment. Traditional chemo-mechanical techniques such as sodium hypochlorite, mechanical preparation and calcium hydroxide used for intracanal disinfection usually fail in cases of biofilm-related infections. Therefore, several new strategies are applied for root canal disinfection. One of these strategies is using of diode laser that has recently gained significant attention in the endodontic practice due to its antibacterial action, bio-stimulation, decrease of pain and improvement of success. Moreover, it has several advantages like its low cost, easily application, penetration power into dentine and smaller size device compared with other types of lasers. Diode laser has been applied for root canal disinfection with various degrees of success in both in vitro and in vivo studies. Nevertheless, small number of published randomized clinical trials in humans with small sample sizes and high heterogeneity provide insufficient support for its efficacy. Furthermore, the results of diode laser in root canal disinfection are controversial. Future high quality studies are recommended to assess the effectiveness of diode laser on various microbial endodontic species and to confirm its role in disinfection of the root canal system in human teeth. This synopsis describes the current scientific understanding and the status of diode laser efficacy in root canal disinfection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: This study compares the physical properties and bioactivity of tricalcium silicate-based cement (Matreva MTA) modified with various concentrations of Aloe vera (AV) solutions and Biodentine cement. Methods: Sixty discs were prepared, and divided into 5 groups (12 discs each) based on the estimated materials: group I: Biodentine, group II: Matreva MTA, group III: Matreva MTA with 10% AV, group IV: Matreva MTA with 20% AV and group V: Matreva MTA with 30% AV. The flow and setting time were assessed following ISO standard 6876:2012 and American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) standard C266-21, respectively. The in-vitro bioactivity was evaluated after 1, 14, and 28 days of immersion in Hank's balanced salt solution (HBSS) including pH, calcium ion release, and apatite formation. All data were statistically analyzed. Results: Increasing the AV concentration added to Matreva MTA from 0 to 30% decreased the flow and setting time. Significant high mean pH and calcium ion release values were observed for 20 and 30% AV-modified Matreva MTA cement at 14 and 28 days (P= 0.05). Environmental scanning electron microscope/energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (ESEM/EDX) analysis confirmed calcium phosphate nucleation on the surfaces of 20 and 30% AV-modified Matreva MTA cements after immersion in HBSS. Conclusion: Addition of 20 and 30% AV solutions to Matreva MTA reduced the setting time and improved the handling characteristics as well as the in-vitro bioactivity, resembling the qualities of Biodentine. Both AV-modified Matreva MTA and Biodentine cements had extended alkalinizing activity and calcium ion release. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Ultrasonography had diagnostic importance in the evaluation of different diseases in buffaloes, including cardiovascular diseases. Aim: The current work describes the normal echocardiographic findings in healthy buffaloes, along with establishing reference values for echocardiographic dimensions for both sides of the heart, i.e., left and right ones. Methods: About 30 healthy adult buffaloes that belonged to private farms in Assiut, Egypt, were included in this study. Each animal underwent a complete clinical evaluation as well as hematological analyses, lipid profile indices, liver functions, cardio-thoracic radiography, and echocardiography to confirm no diseased conditions were detected. The study was conducted on healthy buffaloes (n = 30) in Assiut Governorate, Egypt. Results: The obtained results reported healthy buffaloes with normal clinical findings as well as indices of blood pictures and serum biochemicals that were within the reference intervals. Radiography revealed a free reticulum and a welldefined diaphragm. The heart was seen as a typical radio-opaque organ. Ultrasonographically, using grayscale B-mode and M-mode, the heart was commonly imaged from the left fourth intercostal space. Different echocardiographic views were described, including the four chamber view, i.e., right atrium (RA), right ventricle (RV), tricuspid valve (TCV), left atrium, left ventricle, mitral valve, and interventricular septum (IVS), and the right ventricular outflow tract, i.e., RA, TCV, RV, pulmonary artery (PA), and pulmonary valve. Cross sections in each of the apex and base of the heart were described. Echocardiographic dimensions during cardiac diastole and systole, including diameters and wall thickness of each of the atria and ventricles, were demonstrated. Interventricular septal thickness wall thickness as well as diameters of the aorta and PA, were stated. Conclusion: The work tried to put reference values on the normal echocardiographic dimensions using 2-D B-mode gray scale ultrasonography in healthy adult buffaloes. These echocardiographic reference dimensions with normal echocardiographic imaging will be very helpful in enhancing the diagnostic efficacy of ultrasounds for recognizing abnormal findings related to cardiac disorders. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary: Fibrosarcoma is relatively uncommon aggressive neoplasm, representing less than 3% of all neoplasms recorded in horses. Successful treatment of fibrosarcoma can be challenging in equine and recurrence is a common late complication. The accompanying paper by Bellitto et al. (2023, Equine Veterinary Education, 10.1111/eve.13808) illustrates the successful surgical treatment of a large fibrosarcoma over the medial and plantar aspect of the left distal limb in an 18‐year‐old Warmblood gelding. The authors report on the success of treatment after surgical excision of the tumour under general anaesthesia using a harmonic scalpel. The gelding recovered well after 1 year of surgery with no recurrence at that time. Further clinical studies are recommended to compare the harmonic scalpel with other modalities like surgical lasers and conventional sharp excision for treatment of fibrosarcoma in horses as well as to understand the potential benefits of using the harmonic scalpel when treating infiltrative tumours such as fibrosarcoma. The publication of this case report in Equine Veterinary Education is of clinical importance to equine practitioners when treating equine infiltrative neoplasms such as fibrosarcomas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This review declares the chemical composition, pharmacological actions, clinical applications, adverse reactions and future prospects of Aloe vera (AV) in the field of dentistry. Literature pertinent to Aloe vera in dental practice was explored in databases like PubMed, Scopus and Google Scholar. The relevant literature was reviewed and critically appraised in this review. Aloe vera is a miracle plant that has been applied as herbal therapy for thousands of years due to its multiple health benefits. In dental practice, AV has different applications and it attracts the attention of researchers due to its natural origin, low cytotoxicity, and various biological actions like antimicrobial, immunomodulatory, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, wound healing, and antineoplastic actions. Therefore, it has been used for treatment of oral lesions, endodontic lesions, periodontal disease, oral wounds, and alveolar osteitis as well as in tissue engineering, reduction of plaque formation, decontamination of Gutta percha, around dental implants and others. AV has been used in treatment and prevention of several other oral and dental problems. Nevertheless, it has a lot to offer in the dental practice and future studies are recommended to maximize its beneficial role in the field of dentistry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Archives of Veterinary Medicine / Arhiv Veterinarske Medicine is the property of Scientific Veterinary Institute Novi Sad and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of International Arab Journal of Dentistry is the property of Saint Joseph University, Faculty of Dental Medicine and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Summary Uterine torsion (UT) is a common obstetrical problem in Straight Egyptian Arabian mares, causing a medical emergency for both the mare and the fetus. This case report describes, for the first time, the management of a case of UT in both directions during a single gestation period in a 5‐year‐old Straight Egyptian Arabian mare. The mare was 8 months pregnant and experienced intermittent unresponsive colic signs. Rectal examination revealed clockwise 180° UT and ultrasonography showed a viable fetus. The haematological findings were within the normal range. The mare was surgically treated immediately by standing flank laparotomy (SFL) on the right side. 4 days later, the mare was returned to the clinic with the same complaint. Rectal and ultrasonography examinations revealed counterclockwise 180° UT and a viable fetus. The animal was subjected again to SFL on the left side. After surgeries, the mare recovered well, foaled at term and gave birth to a viable filly. She was bred again and conceived. This case is documented to demonstrate the occurrence of a UT in both directions during the same gestation period in mares, as well as the efficacy of SFL in rectifying the condition and allowing both the mother and foal to survive. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Parasitic infection is one of the main problems in equidae, particularly donkeys. Aim: This study evaluated the oxidative stress in donkeys infected with Strongylus spp by determining the correlation between antioxidants levels; malondialdehyde (MDA), total antioxidant capacity (TAC), and the severity of parasitic infection. It also compared the therapeutic efficacy of piperazine citrate as an oral anthelmintic drug and Doramectin as an injectable one. Methods: The study was conducted on 40 donkeys naturally infected with Strongylus spp. These donkeys were divided into two groups (20 donkeys each) according to treatment; One group was treated with piperazine citrate (PipTG) and the other with doramectin (DoraTG). Thorough clinical examination, hematological, biochemical, and parasitological assays were performed before (Day 0) and after treatment (Days 7, 14, 21, and 28). All data were statistically analyzed by independent-sample t-test or paired t-test. Results: In both groups, mean values of MDA were significantly reduced, while those of TAC were significantly elevated after treatment on days 7, 14, 21, and 28. These significant changes were reported after treatment between PipTG and DoraTG in favor of DoraTG. Serum concentrations of MDA were significantly reduced, while those of TAC were significantly elevated for DoraTG treatment group when their values were compared with those of PipTG either on days 7, 14, 21, or 28. Significant correlations were reported in PipTG and DoraTG. Negative significant correlations were reported between fecal egg count (FEC) and each of whole blood picture indices (RBCS, Hb, and PCV), serum TAC and faecal egg count reduction percentage FECR%. A positive correlation was seen between FEC and MDA. MDA exhibited a negative correlation with both blood picture and TAC; hence, TAC was positively correlated with these blood picture indices in both PipTG and DoraTG. In PipTG, anthelmintic resistance (R) was present on days 7 and 14, while it was suspected (S) at day 21 then it was absent (N) at day 28. In DoraTG, anthelmintic resistance was suspected (S) on day 7, then it became absent (N) on days 14, 21, and 28 post therapy. Conclusion: The immunological status of the infected donkeys had greatly improved after treatment. The therapeutic efficacy of injectable doramectin was more efficient than that of oral piperazine citrate in Strongylus spp. infected donkeys. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]