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Young people make up a sizable share of the global population, and most of them reside in developing nations. They consume too much fast food and obesity at a young age is becoming a worldwide epidemic, putting them at risk for nutritional issues from a physiological as well as psychological perspective. Eating fast food has several negative effects on health. Bangladesh's circumstance is not any different. Thus, this study was conducted to identify the level of knowledge on the effect of fast foods on health among young hypertensive patients in Bangladesh. In a tertiary-level cardiology hospital in Dhaka, Bangladesh, 150 young (20 to 35 years old) hypertension patients participated in a descriptive-type cross-sectional study from November to December 2022. Every stage of the study protected the respondents' anonymity, and participants were made aware that they could withdraw from the program at any point while data was being collected. In total, 25.3 percent of respondents had a good knowledge of the impact of fast food on health, compared to 46.0 percent who had moderate knowledge. It was also found that respondents' knowledge level was substantially correlated with their level of education, occupation, and monthly household income. Given this, various measures should be implemented, such as the implementation of health education programs in communities, schools, and universities, to increase the level of public awareness of the effects of fast food on health.

Introduction: The number of elderly people is increasing in Bangladesh due to the aggravating life expectancy. It is a matter of concern to ensure the health and nutritiona l status of elderly people. Dietary intake patterns and behavior are essential factors to ensure the health and nutritional status of elderly people. Thus, this study was conducted to assess the dietary intake pattern among elderly people. Objective: A descriptive type of cross-sectional study was conducted in urban Cox’s Bazar in Bangladeh among 175 respondents aged between 60 to 72 years. A semi-structured questionnaire was used for collecting socio-demographic and dietary intake-related information from the respondents. 24-hour recall and 7 days recall methods were used to collect dietary information. Data were analyzed using SPSS software. Results: More than three-fourths (76%) of the respondents were aged between 60 to 65 years. About three-fourths (72.6%) of the respondents used to take meals 3 times in 24 hours. Most of the respondents (59.4%) were taking rice 2-3 times a day. A total of 73.7%, 52.6% & 42.1% of the respondents regularly consumed food containing carbohydrates, protein, and fat regularly. Overall, it was found that only 21.1% of the respondents were practicing a healthy diet whereas the rest (78.9%) weren’t. Conclusion: It was found that the majority of the respondents are consuming an unhealthy diet whereas most of the respondents weren’t which is indicating the lack of nutritional knowledge among the elderly people. Thus, the dissemination of nutritional education can be recommended to encourage healthy eating among elderly people.

The current cross-sectional study was conducted among 864 older adults aged ≥ 60 years residing in Rohingya refugee camp through face-to-face interviews during November–December 2021. COVID-19-related anxiety was measured using the five-point Coronavirus Anxiety Scale (CAS) and perceived stress using the 10-point Perceived Stress Scale (PSS). The linear regression model identified the factors associated with COVID-19-related anxiety and perceived stress. The prevalence of COVID-19-related anxiety and perceived stress was 68% and 93%, respectively. The average COVID-19-related anxiety score expected to be significantly higher among those who were physically inactive, concerned about COVID-19, had a close friend/family member diagnosed with COVID-19, and had some difficulty in getting food and routine medical care during the COVID-19 pandemic. Meanwhile, the average perceived stress score was expected to be significantly higher among those without partners, who were feeling overwhelmed by COVID-19, and who experienced COVID-19-related anxiety during the pandemic. The findings suggest providing immediate psychosocial support to older Rohingya adults.

Introduction: Birth weight is the most important predictor of newborn health and survival. It is also a significant determinant of post neonatal, infant and childhood mortality as well as morbidity. LBW Child (birth weight

Objectives:During the COVID-19 pandemic, the authorities made a change in the classification of malnutrition and concomitant service delivery protocol among the Rohingya children, residing in world’s largest refugee camp, located in Cox’s Bazar, Bangladesh. In this paper, we discussed the potential implications of this updated protocol on the malnutrition status among children residing in the Rohingya camps.Design:This paper reviewed relevant literature and authors’ own experience to provide a perspective of the updated protocol for the classification of malnutrition among the children in the Rohingya camps and its implication from a broader perspective.Setting:Rohingya refugee camps, Bangladesh.Participants:Children aged less than five years residing in the Rohingya camps.Results:Major adaptation during this COVID-19 was the discontinuation of using weight-for-height z-score (WHZ) and the use of only mid upper arm circumference (MUAC) and presence of oedema for admission, follow-up and discharge of malnourished children in the camps. However, evidence suggests that use of MUAC only can underestimate the prevalence of malnutrition among the children in Rohingya camps. These apparently non-malnourished children are devoid of the rations that they would otherwise receive if classified as malnourished, making them susceptible to more severe malnutrition.Conclusions:Our analysis suggests that policymakers should consider using the original protocol of using both MUAC and WHZ to classify malnutrition and retain the guided ration size. We also believe that it would not take an extra effort to adopt the original guideline as even with MUAC only guideline, certain health measures needed to adopt during this pandemic.

The COVID-19 pandemic is a latent threat to public health that has multiplied enormously, spread quickly, and is yet shrouded in mystery. In hospitals and lab settings all across the world, biosafety is a significant problem that can be particularly difficult for impoverished nations. Therefore, the goal of this study was to evaluate the biosafety of medical staff during the COVID-19 pandemic in Bangladesh's hospitals with a COVID-specific patient population. All the healthcare professionals who were involved in caring for COVID-19 patients were regarded to be the study population when a descriptive type cross-sectional study was carried out at a chosen COVID-dedicated hospital in Dhaka. A total of 96 respondents who were interviewed for the study's purposes were sampled using a straightforward random sampling technique. For the goal of gathering data, a face-to-face interview was done. The results of this study show that although healthcare professionals have a reasonable level of fundamental knowledge of the present COVID-19 epidemic, they do not always follow acceptable biosafety and waste disposal practices. Fewer than ten percent of healthcare personnel have not received the COVID-19 vaccination, even though more than ninety percent of respondents were immunized. This study unequivocally states that preventing unintentional exposure to biohazardous items is the most important part of biosafety at any institution. The study's findings thus urge teamwork and the planning of foundational training programs to raise healthcare professionals' awareness of fundamental self-hygiene practices and biosafety concepts.

Introduction: Diseases of elder people are a global problem. The prevalence of disease in elderly people is increasing day by day as old people often have limited regenerative abilities and are more susceptible to disease, syndromes, injuries, and sickness than younger adults. Objective: This study was conducted to identify the disease pattern of geriatric people of the host community in Cox's Bazar, Bangladesh. Method: A descriptive type of cross-sectional study was conducted among 381 geriatric persons in 5 selected hospitals of Cox's Bazar. The sample size was calculated in a 95% confidence interval and with a 5% level of significance. Data collection was done by using a semi-structured pre-tested questionnaire. Data quality was ensured through multiple procedures of review and cross-checking. Results: The findings revealed that a total of 32.0% had heart disease and 31% had arthritis. More than one-fifth (22.0%) of the respondents had diabetes and 18% of the total respondents had different types of communicable diseases. The occurrence of non-communicable diseases in geriatric people is significantly associated with their age and sex. Conclusion: The findings from this study illustrate that non-communicable disease is very much prevalent among the geriatric population as well as a threat to public health. The hospitals and health service providers should emphasize the management and prevention of these diseases. Also, lifestyle modification can play a vital role in preventing non-communicable diseases.

To get a successful management result for myocardial infarction, qualified and skilled healthcare providers are needed as well as standardized care policies. Therefore, this study was carried out to evaluate Bangladeshi nurses' understanding of myocardial infarction. For this, a cross-sectional descriptive type of study was carried out. A practical sampling method was used. A 300-person sample was used. A semi-structured questionnaire was used for data gathering. The ethical standard was upheld. The hospital administration and staff provided written approval after being fully informed. Data was gathered using several factors. The bulk of respondents fell between the 26–30 age range, according to the study of demographic data. The majority of responses were women (90 percent). Seventy percent of the nurses had earned a diploma in nursing science and midwifery. 43.33 percent of respondents have five to six years of professional experience. Additionally, the findings indicated that 30% of respondents had an outstanding understanding of MI, 20% had very high knowledge, 20% had fair knowledge, 13.3% had ordinary knowledge, and 16.67% had poor knowledge. Even though the study found that the majority of respondents had great knowledge, extra training is advised to advance their understanding and contribute to the particular profession.

The maternal diet is a vital factor to ensure the health and nutrition of the mother during pregnancy and for the upcoming child. During pregnancy, women’s nutritional needs increase to fulfill the extra demand of their bodies. Therefore, this study was conducted to investigate the relationship between dietary behavior and the nutritional status of middle-aged pregnant women in Bangladesh. A technical cross-sectional study was conducted on middle-aged pregnant women at a tertiary hospital in Dhaka. By following a simple random sampling method, 114 pregnant women aged 30 years or above were selected for the study. Data collection was done in January-February of 2022 by conducting a face-to-face interview. The findings reveal that most (35.49%) of the pregnant women were aged between 35 to 38 years. Among all, more than three-fourths (77.07%) of the respondents had food security. A total of 16.38% of respondents used to consume from 7 or more food groups whereas more than two-thirds (64.68%) of the respondents had an acceptable food consumption score. The nutritional status of the respondents was significantly associated with their dietary behavior in terms of the three indicators. Pregnant women at risk of food insecurity should be identified as soon as possible (preferably before conception) and first get food assistance in the form of food baskets or food stamps through social security programs. Therefore, it can be recommended that women's empowerment can improve women's mental health, food insecurity, and improved nutrition at the family level.

People affected by HIV (Human Immunodeficiency Virus) experience a variety of oral health issues. The study's goal was to learn about dental service providers' perspectives on oral health treatment for HIV-positive patients in Bangladesh and develop guidelines for community-wide prevention and reduction of oral health problems. This is a qualitative study with 78 dental service providers followed by FGD, KII, and In-depth interviews. A self-administrated and semi-structured questionnaire was used to conduct the study. The social stigma and cultural attitudes associated with HIV status, according to this study, are the primary reasons why people with this health status do not report their health issues to their service providers. Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection puts people at risk of a variety of oral health issues. Oral health disorders, such as chronic dry mouth, gingivitis, periodontitis, oral warts, fever blisters, oral candidiasis, and dental caries, are more common in HIV/AIDS patients and can lead to additional health problems. Lack of an institutional protocol for keeping HIV status information shared with a dental practitioner secret and used only for the purpose for which it was given. Because most lesions of HIV infection are present orally during the early stages of the disease, the majority of interviewees agreed that the oral health care environment is a beneficial place for early detection. Eagerness to treat HIV/AIDS patients appears to be linked to their understanding of the disease process, oral manifestations, and modes of transmission, influencing health workers' approach to managing HIV/AIDS patients through standardized protocols tailored to their specific needs and referrals as needed. The study suggests focusing on a comprehensive program followed by a restructuring of patient care to ensure that HIV-affected dental patients have access to safe dental treatment. Dental treatment planning must be done on a case-by-case basis, with proper discussions with the patient and their physician.

Dengue is one of the major vector-borne diseases which is currently a burning public health issue in Bangladesh. Bangladesh is affected by a dengue outbreak almost every year. Though the prevalence of dengue was low compared to other Southeast Asian countries since its inception in 1964 in Bangladesh, recently Bangladesh is experiencing an increase in dengue outbreaks, especially in the urban areas. Over the past few decades, the prevalence of dengue is increasing globally due to urbanization, population growth, climate change, and other surrounding factors. Thus, it is very much essential for urban people to have sound knowledge regarding the treatment and prevention of dengue fever. This study aimed to assess the knowledge regarding the treatment and prevention of dengue fever among the urban people in Bangladesh. A descriptive type of cross-sectional study was conducted among the people from different areas of Dhaka city in Bangladesh. For this purpose, 384 persons were randomly selected who were from different socio-demographic backgrounds. Data were being collected using a pre-tested and semi-structured questionnaire and by conducting face-to-face interviews with the selected respondents. The data analysis was done using appropriate statistical software and the level of knowledge was assessed by using a Likert scale ranging from zero to ten. The findings revealed that overall, 72.38% of respondents’ level of knowledge regarding treatment and prevention of dengue fever was good and the rest 27.62% of respondents’ level of knowledge was poor. Though the knowledge level was found good among the respondents, it is very much important to practice the behavior as well. Thus, similar types of studies should be conducted in different cities to generalize the findings and identify the opportunities to work on the practice of the people towards the treatment and prevention of dengue fever.

As evidenced by universal understanding and national laws, the marriage of 18-year-old girls is a global phenomenon affecting millions. Early marriage is a violation of human rights that deprives girls of the opportunity to receive a full education, to pay for welfare, to hold modern, mature, and ultimately to choose a life partner. Early marriage is driven by poverty and affects the well-being of young girls: increased risk of sexually transmitted infections, cervical growth, intestinal disease, stillbirths, and childbirth fistula. Early marriage has limited the development of a healthy child. The fetus is more likely to be born prematurely, such as newborns, newborns, or infants. If we want to end a marriage at an early age, we need to use social media strategies and programs, spread the word, attract local religious leaders, including guardians, and equip young women with education and employment.

Brick bricks are an unsafe and dangerous workplace. The type of work exposes employees to hazardous environments and working conditions. The workers here work in an unhygienic and unsafe condition, that affects their dietary consumption and nutritional status. This study is a comprehensive nationally representative study which aimed to assess the food habit and health problems of brick field workers in Cox’s Bazar district, Bangladesh. It was a cross-sectional descriptive type of study which was conducted at Cox’s Bazar brick field with participation of 126 randomly selected brick field workers who were working in the selected brick field for more than a year. For this study, their food habit and health profile data were collected and data was analyzed using SPSS software. Brickfield workers work under high physical and biomechanical pressure for a long time (8-9 hours). Among all the 126 workers, protein consumption was found very poor and most of the workers usually skipped their breakfast. Majority of them were suffering from back pain and many of them had muscle pain, weakness and common cold. Overall Key aspects derived from the study. Example, Overall, 2 in 10 workers consumed protein rich food regularly and two-fifth of them were suffering from back pain due to heavy workload. The workers should be provided food and health service for their better nutrition and health condition so that some decent work can be ensured.&nbsp

Dyslipidemia and other complications are very much common among the diabetic patients in Bangladesh. Sedentary lifestyle and uncontrolled dietary behavior play significant roles to cause these complications among the diabetic patients. Thus, this study intends to identify the prevalence of dyslipidemia and other complications among the type2 iabetic patients in Bangladesh. This cross-sectional study was conducted among selected 138 admitted patients with type 2 diabetes in the medicine ward of a public medical college and hospital in Bangladesh. Their serum lipid profile and health checkup were conducted to assess the prevalence of dyslipidemia and other complications. Among all the respondents, 79.0% (109) had dyslipidemia and 43.0% (59) had different diabetes related complications. A total of 37.0% (51) respondents were having high serum cholesterol, 57.0% (79) respondents were having high serum triglyceride, 59.0% (81) respondents had raised LDL-C and 35.0% (48) respondents had raised HDL-C. Most of the respondents were found with dyslipidemia and nearly half of the respondents had diabetes related complications. Thus, the findings indicate the need of appropriate interventions to address the risk factors so that dyslipidemia and other complications can be managed and controlled timely and effectively

Nutrition and food intake are closely related to nutritional status and health of an individual. The university students are generally occupied with academic work, games and are under emotional stress which coupled with unbalanced diets, results in poor health and nutrition. Different researches indicate that there are several factors which affects the nutritional status of the students. Among those factors, food habit is a major one. The food habits are formed by attitudes, prejudices and taboos practiced in early days or the life. Thus, this study was conducted to assess the effect of food habit on the nutritional status of the female university students. A non-interventional descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted with 201 selected female university students. The students were selected randomly for the study. Respondent’s food behavior shows that more than one-third of the respondents like fast food. The nutritional status of the respondents shows that nearly 20% of total respondents were either overweight or obese. Significant association was found among food type and frequency of meal with nutritional status. The findings show that there is significant association among food type and frequency of meal with nutritional status of the female university students. Thus, this study recommends conducting similar type of study with larger sample size to generalize the findings.

Fish is an important part of the Sri Lankan diet. However, existing data on the nutrient composition of fish in Sri Lanka is highly outdated and limited. The aim of this study was to report the nutrient composition of commonly consumed marine fish species in Sri Lanka and assess the potential contribution of selected key nutrients in fish to recommended nutrient intakes (RNI). Fish were sampled during a survey with research vessel Dr. Fridtjof Nansen around Sri Lanka. Species were categorised as either small (25 cm, n = 7), and three composite samples from each species were analysed using accredited methods. Small species commonly consumed whole contained significantly higher concentrations of micronutrients such as calcium (960 mg/100 g), iron (3.3 mg/100 g), zinc (2.1 mg/100 g), vitamin A (295 μg/100 g), and EPA and DHA (0.14 and 0.32 g/100 g, respectively) than larger species where only the fillet is consumed. Several species were identified to contribute ≥25 % of the RNI of women of reproductive age for multiple essential nutrients. These data may represent an important contribution to the future development of the Sri Lankan food composition database.