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Apparel industry is not only one of the oldest, largest, labor-intensive, and most global industries but also the typical “starter” industry for countries engaged in export-orientated industrialization. To achieve such dreams, the industry has looked over different inter-dependable factors while producing different products. In this study, an effort has been made to establish a correlation between standard allowed minutes (SAMs) and efficiency of sewing section using different variables, including production rate, number of workstations, and operation breakdown, having a differential impact on both the selected variables. All the empirical analyses were planned in a vertically integrated textile company called Almeda Textile Private Limited Company (PLC), Ethiopia, starting from the basic product category (such as V-neck shirt) up to complicated workwear including military clothing and federal police uniforms of Ethiopia. The Pearson correlation coefficient method was chosen to find the relationship between bivariate linearly scaled variables using Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) software. The expected outcome will help in identifying the type of correlation and its significant level as well as its impact on the overall productivity of the sewing section which eventually leads to fulfilling the mission of attaining sustainable production capacity of the mentioned vertically integrated manufacturing company.

The main aim of this research was to implement appropriate Statistical Process Control (SPC) techniques for quality characteristics on sewing floor of garment Industry. Among different SPC quality improvements tools, control charts have been selected. After analyzing and selecting different critical parameters based on company and customer requirements, the X-bar and R charts for variable and c-charts for attribute quality characteristics have been identified and implemented in the trouser sewing lines for quality improvement. The check points for selected control chart implementation have also been designed. Remedial action plans for the occurred special cause variations and process stability were developed. The project incorporated theoretical and on-job training schemes for different quality team members, to understand the SPC concept and its implementation procedure. After implementation, significant improvements in the sewing section were achieved. The four months analysis before and after implementation of the SPC tools showed that the rejection percentage was reduced from 9.141% to 6.4%. Successful implementation of the result of this project can significantly improve process performance of other similar manufacturing units with appropriate modification.

This paper investigates the influences of woven fabric type, impact locations and number of layers on ballistic impact performances of target panels through trauma dimension and panel surface damage mechanisms for lightweight women ballistic vest design. Three panels with 30, 35 and 40 layers of two-dimensional plain weave and another two panels with 30 and 40 layers of three-dimensional warp interlock fabrics were prepared. The three-dimensional woven fabric was manufactured using automatic Dornier weaving machine, whereas the two-dimensional fabric (with similar p-aramid fibre type (Twaron®)) was received from the Teijin Company. The ballistic tests were carried out according to NIJ Standard-0101.06 Level IIIA. Based on the result, woven fabric construction type, number of layers and target locations were directed an upshot on the trauma measurement values of the tested target panels. For example, 40 layers of two-dimensional plain weave fabric panels show lower trauma measurement values as compared to its counterpart three-dimensional warp interlock fabric panels with similar layer number. Moreover, 40 layers of two-dimensional fabric panels revealed 47% and 39% trauma depth reduction as compared to panels with 30 layers of two-dimensional fabric panel in moulded (target point 1) and non-moulded (target point 6), respectively. Due to higher amount of primary yarn involvement, two-dimensional plain weave fabric panel face higher level of local surface damages but less severe and fibrillated yarns than three-dimensional warp interlock fabrics panels. Moreover, three-dimensional warp interlock fabric panels required higher number of layers compared to two-dimensional plain weave aramid fabrics to halt the projectiles. Similarly, based on the post-mortem analysis of projectile, higher projectile debris deformation was recorded for panels having higher number of layers for both types of fabrics at similar target locations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Three dimensional (3D) warp interlock fabric becomes a promising structure due to its good mechanical performances. However, its complex manufacturing process can cause severe yarn damage and affects its overall final performances. The current study addressed the effects weaving process and warp yarn ratios on the multi-filaments yarn degradations and its mechanical performances while 3D warp interlock fabric manufacturing. Four different 3D warp interlock variants having similar fabric architecture, and yarn densities but different warp yarns interchange ratios were manufactured using 930dTex high-performance multi-filament (Twaron® f1000). The multi-filaments yarns at different weaving processes were tested for their tensile properties. The results show that the average tensile strength of twisted yarns show a decrement of 5.68% as compared to the bobbin yarns. Meanwhile, warping process also showed a 16.11% maximum breaking load reduction as compared to the bobbin yarn. Besides, the tensile strength of binding yarn after weaving process for samples 3D-8/0, 3D-8/4, and 3D-8/8 was reduced by 12.79%, 5.22%, and 14.22% respectively as compared to the yarn after warping process. In conclusion, yarn degradation inside the 3D woven structure was affected not only by the various process parameters but also by the type of fabric architecture made with different warp yarn ratios. These phenomena ultimately bring a great influence both on the yarn and overall mechanical performance of the final products. For this, further studies are planned to investigate the multi-filaments yarn degradation effect on the ballistic performances fibrous material as it is directly linked to the yarn performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]