Search

In this article, we consider the flow of a Burgers’ fluid of transient electro-osmotic type in a small tube with a circular cross-section. Analytical results are found for the transient velocity and, electric potential profile by solving the Navier–Stokes and the linearized Poisson–Boltzmann equations. Moreover, these equations are solved with the help of the integral transform method. We consider cases in which the velocity of the fluid changes with time and those in which the velocity of the fluid does not change with time. Furthermore, special results for classical fluids such as Newtonian, second grade, Maxwell, and Oldroyd-B fluids are obtained as the particular cases of the outcomes of this work and that these results actually strengthen the results of the solution. This study of the nonlinear problem of Burgers’ fluid in a specified physical model will help us to understand the behavior of blood clotting and the block of any kind of problem in which this type of fluid is used. The solution of the complex velocity profile of Burgers’ fluid will help us in the future to solve the problems in which this transient electro-osmotic type of small tube is involved. At the end, numerical results are shown graphically that can help us to understand the complex behavior of the Burgers’ fluid, and also the analysis of the Burgers’ fluid shows dissimilarity with other fluids that are considered in this work.

Smoking has become one of the major causes of health problems around the globe. It harms almost every organ of the body. It causes lung cancer and damage of different muscles. It also produces vascular deterioration, pulmonary disease, and ulcer. There is no advantage to smoking except the monetary one to the tobacco producers, manufacturers, and advertisers. Due to these facts, a passive verse active exposure of mathematical smoking model has been analyzed subject to the dynamical aspects for giving up smoking. In this context, mathematical modelling and qualitative analysis have been traced out for smoking model having five classes. Mathematical forms of smoke absent and smoke present points of equilibrium have been calculated for knowing optimal and dynamical control. By making use of the Lyapunov function theory, we have shown the global asymptotic behavior of smoke-free equilibrium for threshold parameter R0

Delayed response (delay of the elasticity) and time needed for initial stress can lead to relaxation and retardation phenomenon; this is because of the consistent behavior of viscoelastic fluid on thermodynamic principles. In this context, the aim of this article is to investigate the unsteady, incompressible, and Oldroyd-B viscoelastic fluid under wall slip conditions to know the hidden aspects of relaxation and retardation. The motion of the liquid is assumed over a flat vertical plate which moves through an oscillating velocity. A fractional model is developed by using the modern definition of the non-singular kernel proposed by Caputo and Fabrizio. We have obtained a semi-analytical solution of the non-dimensional model by using the Laplace transformation that satisfies our imposed suitable boundary conditions. We have tackled the Laplace inverse by employing Stehfest’s and Tzou’s algorithms. The velocity is enhanced by decreasing the estimations of relaxation time λ as well as slip parameter, and the temperature is also increasing for a considerable measure of the fractional factor. The effects of different fractional and physical parameters are plotted using Mathcad software based on the relaxation and retardation phenomenon of Oldroyd-B viscoelastic fluid.

Urbanization is giving rise to the number of challenges due to its matchless soaring proportion in scenario of management and public welfare. Difference types of buffers are utilized globally depending upon the area of action and purpose to protect development sites from external harms and to avoid factors resulting inequalities from outer boundaries, for instance population growth and development. Effects of urbanization on urban fringes and the land use changes have been conducted for their inter-relation purposiveness to maintain fringes approaching buffer. In this context, this paper studies the different types of buffers to identify their necessity and implications for exploring the appropriate buffer as a conservation approach. In order to deal with the urban boundaries of Hyderabad (delineation of urban fringes), the conversion of agriculture land into residential area due to urbanization have been analyzed. Sample questionnaire survey and analysis were conducted using ANOVA with the help of SPSS 20.0, Arc GIS 10.1 based maps. Resultantly, our findings open new dimension in understanding the buffers implementations on the basis of ANOVA testing observation. To conclude this analysis, it is observed that riparian tree buffer is strongly suggested in comparison with other employed types of buffers for designing land use plans.

There is no denying fact that harmonic crystals, cold plasma or liquids and compressible fluids are usually dependent of acoustic-gravity waves, acoustic waves, hydromagnetic waves, surface waves with long wavelength and few others. In this context, the exact solutions of the modified Camassa-Holm equation have been successfully constructed on the basis of comparative analysis of (G′ / G − 1 / G) and (1 / G′)-expansion methods. The (G′ / G − 1 / G) and (1 / G′)-expansion methods have been proved to be powerful and systematic tool for obtaining the analytical solutions of nonlinear partial differential equations so called modified Camassa-Holm equation. The solutions investigated via (G′ / G − 1 / G) and (1 / G′)-expansion methods have remarkably generated trigonometric, hyperbolic, complex hyperbolic and rational traveling wave solutions. For the sake of different traveling wave solutions, we depicted 3-dimensional, 2-dimensional and contour graphs subject to the specific values of the parameters involved in the governing equation. Two methods, which are important instruments in generating traveling wave solutions in mathematics, were compared both qualitatively and quantitatively. In addition, advantages and disadvantages of both methods are discussed and their advantages and disadvantages are revealed.

The complex structures usually depend upon unconstrained and constrained simply supported beams because the passive damping is applied to control vibrations or dissipate acoustic energies involved in aerospace and automotive industries. This manuscript aims to present an analytic study of a simply supported beam based on the modern fractional approaches namely Caputo-Fabrizio and Atanagna-Baleanu fractional differential operators. The governing equation of motion is fractionalized for knowing the vivid effects of principal parametric resonances. The powerful techniques of Laplace and Fourier sine transforms are invoked for investigating the exact solutions with fractional and non-fractional approaches. The analytic solutions are presented in terms of elementary as well as special functions and depicted for graphical illustration based on embedded parameters. Finally, effects of the amplitude of vibrations and the natural frequency are discussed based on the sensitivities of dynamic characteristics of simply supported beam.

Computational and travelling wave solutions provide significant improvements in accuracy and characterize novelty of imposed techniques. In this context, computational and travelling wave solutions have been traced out for Tzitzéica and Dodd-Bullough-Mikhailov equations by means of (1/G′)-expansion method. The different types of solutions have constructed for Tzitzéica and Dodd-Bullough-Mikhailov equations in hyperbolic form. Moreover, solution function of Tzitzéica and Dodd-Bullough-Mikhailov equations has been derived in the format of logarithmic nature. Since both equations contain exponential terms so the solutions produced are expected to be in logarithmic form. Traveling wave solutions are presented in different formats from the solutions introduced in the literature. The reliability, effectiveness and applicability of the (1/G′)-expansion method produced hyperbolic type solutions. For the sake of physical significance, contour graphs, two dimensional and three dimensional graphs have been depicted for stationary wave. Such graphical illustration has been contrasted for stationary wave verses traveling wave solutions. Our graphical comparative analysis suggests that imposed method is reliable and powerful method for obtaining exact solutions of nonlinear evolution equations.

This article obtains optical solitons to the Biswas-Arshed equation for birefringent fibers with higher order dispersions and in the absence of four-wave mixing terms, in a media with Kerr type nonlinearity. Optical dark, singular and bright soliton solutions are articulated by applying an imaginative integration technique, the extended trial equation scheme. Various additional traveling wave solutions are produced with this integration technique, which include rational solutions, Jacobi elliptic function solutions and periodic singular solutions. From the mathematical analysis some constraints are recognized that ensure the actuality of solitons.

The square-root dynamics of smoking model with cravings to smoke, in which square root of potential smokers and smokers is the interaction term, has been studied. We categorized net population in four different chambers: non-smokers/potential smokers, smokers/infected people, non-permanent smokers/temporary quitters and the permanent quitters. By dynamical systems approach, we analyzed our model. Moreover, for proving the unique equilibrium point to be globally stable, we took help of graph theoretic approach. The sensitivity analysis of the model is performed through the diseased classes effectively to design reliable, robust and stable control strategies. The model is designed like optimal control trouble to find out importance of various control actions on our system that are insisted by the sensitivity analysis. We have applied two controls, which are the awareness campaign through the media transmission to control the potential smokers and temporary quit smokers to become smokers and the treatment of smokers. Analytical and numerical methods are utilized for ensuring presence of these two control actions.

Atangana-Baleanu fractional derivative has been applied to study heat transfer problem of magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) Maxwell fluid over a vertical plate embedded in a porous medium. The analytical solutions have been obtained for temperature distribution and velocity field by employing Laplace transforms technique for both sine and cosine oscillations of the plate. The general solutions have been expressed in terms of Fox-H function satisfying imposed conditions. The results are plotted graphically and discussed for embedded parameters such as magnetic field, Maxwell parameter, porous medium, Prandtl number and fractional parameter. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In present study, cottonseed (Gossypium) varieties (RH-112, Lankart-57, K-25, F-20 and D-9) were evaluated for possible variation in quality attributes by using conventional and instrumental techniques. Physiochemical characteristics of seed and oils varied as: weight of individual seed (0.069-0.085 g), weight of 100 seeds (5.95-7.73 g), width (0.461-0.544 cm), length (0.736-0.915 cm), moisture (6.2-8.5%), oil content (12.01 to14.55%), refractive index at 40oC (1.4661-1.4665) iodine value (IV) (93.90-105.76 gI2/100g), saponification value (SV) (181.83-190.55 mgKOH/g), peroxide value (PV) (1.0-6.0 mEq/Kg), free fatty acids (FFA) (17.30-38.80 %) and induction period (IP) (1.95 -2.65 h), respectively. Analyzed varieties showed higher level of FFA (17.30- 38.80%), while lower level of IP (1.95-2.65 h) respectively. Furthermore, GC-FID and FT-IR studies were carried out for quantitative and qualitative analysis of cottonseed oil. Analysis showed that most abundant fatty acid in each variety was linoleic acid (42.09-52.55 %) among unsaturated fatty acids, whereas palmitic acid (22.70-26.20 %) was major saturated fatty acid. Some band intensities of FTIR spectra highly correlated with the chemical properties of cottonseed oil such as IV, SV, PV, FFA and IP. In conclusion significant variation in physiochemical properties was observed among five cottonseed varieties, especially FFA and IP of cottonseed oil which is not good for the quality and edible point of view. This can be associated with the specific genetic variability and climatic conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The application of nanoparticles in the base fluids strongly influences the presentation of cooling as well as heating techniques. The nanoparticles improve thermal conductivity by fluctuating the heat characteristics in the base fluid. The expertise of nanoparticles in increasing heat transference has captivated several investigators to more evaluate the working fluid. This study disputes the investigation of convection flow for magnetohydrodynamics second-grade nanofluid with an infinite upright heated flat plate. The fractional model is obtained through Fourier law by exploiting Prabhakar fractional approach along with graphene oxide (GO)({\rm{GO}}) and molybdenum disulfide (MoS2)({\rm{Mo}}{{\rm{S}}}_{2}) nanoparticles and engine oil is considered as the base fluid. The equations are solved analytically via the Laplace approach. The temperature and momentum profiles show the dual behavior of the fractional parameters (α,β,γ)(\alpha ,\beta ,\gamma ) at different times. The velocity increases as Grashof number{\rm{Grashof\; number}} increases and declines for greater values of magnetic parameter and Prandtl number. In the comparison of different numerical methods, the curves are overlapped, signifying that our attained results are authentic. The numerical investigation of governed profiles comparison shows that our obtained results in percentages of 0.20.2 ≤ temperature ≤ 4.364.36 and velocity 0.48≤7.530.48\le 7.53 are better than those of Basit et al. The development in temperature and momentum profile, due to engine oil–GO is more progressive, than engine oil–MoS2.

In this paper the helical flows of fractionalized Maxwell fluid model, through a circular cylinder, is studied. The motion is produced by the cylinder that at the initial moment begins to rotate around its axis with an angular velocity Omegatp, and to slide along the same axis with linear velocity Utp. The solutions that have been obtained using Laplace and finite Hankel transforms and presented in series form in terms of the newly defined special function M(z), satisfy all imposed initial and boundary conditions. Moreover, the corresponding solutions for ordinary Maxwell and Newtonian fluid obtained as special cases of the present general solution. Finally, the influence of various pertinent parameters on fluid motion as well as the comparison among different fluids models is analyzed by graphical illustrations.

Pseudo aneurysm of cystic artery is an extremely rare complication which may occur in association with cholecystitis, liver biopsy, biliary interventions, pancreatitis and laparoscopic cholecystectomy. We report the case of a 55 years old male patient who presented with complaint of right upper quadrant pain, haematemesis and melena, he underwent CT scan abdomen that revealed perforated gall bladder with cystic artery pseudo aneurysm secondary to acute cholecystitis. An angiogram was performed that confirmed small cystic artery pseudo aneurysm. Selective embolisation of cystic artery was done, resulting in complete exclusion of pseudo aneurysm. The patient recovered completely.

The purpose of this study was to develop a rapid and sensitive method for the quantification of malachite green (MG) in fish feed using LC-ESI-MS/MS with a monolithic column as stationary phase. Fish feed was cleaned using ultrasonic assisted liquid-liquid extraction. The separation was achieved on a Chromolith® Performance RP-18e column (100 × 4.6 mm) using gradient mobile phase composition of methanol and 0.1% formic acid at the flow rate of 1.0 ml min⁻¹. The analyte was ionised using electrospray ionisation in positive mode. Mass spectral transitions were recorded in selected reaction monitoring (SRM) mode at m/z 329.78 → m/z 314.75 with a collision energy (CE) of 52% for MG. The system suitability responses were calculated for reproducibility tests of the retention time, number of theoretical plates and capacity factor. System validation was evaluated for precision, specificity and linearity of MG. The linearity and calibration graph was plotted in the range of 15.0-250 ng ml⁻¹ with the regression coefficient of >0.997. The lower limits of detection and quantification for MG were 0.55 and 1.44 ng ml⁻¹, respectively, allowing easy determination in fish feed with accuracy evaluated as a percentage recovery of 92.1% and precision determined as % CV of < 5. The method was also extended to the determination of MG in an actual fish feed. The sensitivity and selectivity of LC-ESI-MS/MS using monolithic column offers a valuable alternative to the methodologies currently employed for the quantification of MG in fish feeds.

Cephalosporins type antibiotics are widely used to treat infectious diseases. Their determination is not only important in blood/serum of patients under treatment but also in diverse matrices like wastewaters, milk etc. as contaminant. Keeping in view the need, a new high performance liquid chromatographic method for the determination of three cephalosporins (cefradine, cefuroxime and cefotaxime) has been developed. Separation was performed on an ODS column with binary solvent elution of aqueous formic acid (0.05%) and methanol in the ratio of 45: 55 (v/v) at a flow rate of 1 mL min(-1) and UV detection at 260 nm. Under optimised conditions, all three cephalosporins were baseline separated within 5 min. Linear responses for cefradine 5-20 μg mL(-1), cefuroxime 0.5-15 μg mL(-1) and cefotaxime 1.0-20 μg mL(-1) were established. LOD of 0.05-0.25 μg mL(-1) after preconcentration was achieved. The method was applied to serum samples of patients under treatment with these antibiotics and to screen the selected cephalosporins from hospital wastewater and milk samples. Moreover, method was applied to study stability of aqueous solutions and acid/base induced degradation of all three drugs.