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Dissertação de mestrado integrado em Engenharia Civil, O melhoramento de rejeitado mineiro com recurso a ligantes como o cimento Portland, corresponde, atualmente, à técnica de estabilização mais utilizada. Está, porém, comprovado que a indústria da produção de cimento contribui de forma muito significativa para a pegada ambiental do setor industrial mundial, associada ao consumo de grandes quantidades de energia e produção de grandes quantidades de gases com efeito de estufa. A estabilização por ativação alcalina surgiu assim como uma tecnologia alternativa, com reduções significativas dos consumos de energia e de recursos, traduzindo se num método mais sustentável em termos ambientais e financeiros, face às técnicas de estabilização tradicionais. Esta técnica permite a reutilização e introdução de diversos resíduos inorgânicos e industriais na economia circular, com consequente redução destes materiais em aterro. Neste contexto, esta dissertação surgiu com principal foco no melhoramento do rejeitado mineiro, produzido pela exploração mineira de Neves Corvo, através da aplicação da técnica de ativação por via alcalina de resíduos industriais (cinzas volantes), um outro resíduo muito abundante em aterro. Com o desenvolvimento deste tipo de ligantes sustentáveis, pretende-se promover o melhoramento e inertização do rejeitado mineiro, obtendo-se, portanto, um material com melhor desempenho mecânico e ambiental. O plano de trabalhos realizado consistiu na caraterização do rejeitado mineiro, do ponto de vista geotécnico, seguida da realização de ensaios de compactação Proctor, ensaios California Bearing Ratio, ensaios de permeabilidade e ensaios de compressão triaxial com instrumentação local. A par destes ensaios, efetuou-se ainda a caraterização química, mineralógica e microestrutural do rejeitado mineiro e do resíduo industrial utilizado no processo de ativação alcalina (cinzas volantes). Através de ensaios de compressão uniaxial definiu-se a mistura alcalina mais promissora para estabilização do rejeitado, ou seja, a mistura que revelou melhor desempenho mecânico. Esta mistura foi posteriormente avaliada através de ensaios triaxiais com instrumentação local. Aplicou-se ainda a teoria dos estados críticos, de forma a avaliar o desenvolvimento dos parâmetros que definem a linha de consolidação normal, linha de expansão e linha de estados críticos, antes e após estabilização do rejeitado. Com base no estudo desenvolvido, concluiu-se que o melhoramento do rejeitado mineiro através da técnica de ativação alcalina, conduz a resultados mecânicos muito promissores., Nowadays, the improvement of mine tailings using binders such as Portland cement, corresponds to the most used stabilization technique. However, it is proven that the cement production industry is a major contributor to the environmental footprint of the global industrial sector, justified by the consumption of large amounts of energy and the production of large quantities of greenhouse gases. Alkaline activation stabilization has emerged as an alternative, with significant reductions in energy and resource consumption, resulting in a more environmentally and financially sustainable method compared to traditional stabilization techniques. This technique allows the reuse and introduction of various inorganic and industrial waste in the circular economy, with consequent reduction of these materials in landfills. In this context, this dissertation developed with the main focus on the improvement of the mine tailings, produced by the mine of Neves Corvo, through the application of the technique of alkaline activation of industrial waste (fly ash), another residue very abundant in landfills. With the development of sustainable binders, it is intended to promote the improvement and inertization of the mine tailings, thus obtaining a material with better mechanical and environmental performance. The work plan consisted of the characterization of the mine tailings, from the geotechnical point of view, followed by Proctor compaction tests, California Bearing Ratio tests, permeability tests and triaxial compression tests with local instrumentation. In addition to these tests, the chemical, mineralogical and microstructural characterization of the mine tailings and the industrial residue used in the alkaline activation process (fly ash) was also performed. Through uniaxial compression tests, the most efficient alkaline mixture was defined for stabilization of the mine tailings, in other words, the mixture that revealed better mechanical performance. This mixture was later evaluated through triaxial tests with local instrumentation. The theory of critical states was also applied to evaluate the development of the parameters that define the normal consolidation line, expansion line and critical states line, before and after stabilization of the mine tailings. Based on the study developed, it was concluded that the improvement of the mine tailings with the alkaline activation technique, leads to very promising mechanical results.

Background Breastfeeding is known to reduce risk of enteropathogen infections, but protection from specific enteropathogens is not well characterized. Objective To estimate the association between full breastfeeding (days fed breast milk exclusively or with non-nutritive liquids) and enteropathogen detection. Design 2,145 newborns were enrolled in eight sites, of whom 1,712 had breastfeeding and key enteropathogen data through 6 months. We focused on eleven enteropathogens: adenovirus 40/41, norovirus, sapovirus, astrovirus, and rotavirus, enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC), Campylobacter spp, and typical enteropathogenic E. coli as well as entero-aggregative E. coli, Shigella and Cryptosporidium. Logistic regression was used to estimate the risk of enteropathogen detection in stools and survival analysis to estimate the timing of first detection of an enteropathogen. Results Infants with 10% more days of full breastfeeding within the preceding 30 days of a stool sample were less likely to have the three E. Coli and Campylobacter spp detected in their stool (mean odds 0.92���0.99) but equally likely (0.99���1.02) to have the viral pathogens detected in their stool. A 10% longer period of full breastfeeding from birth was associated with later first detection of the three E. Coli, Campylobacter, adenovirus, astrovirus, and rotavirus (mean hazard ratios of 0.52���0.75). The hazards declined and point estimates were not statistically significant at 3 months. Conclusions In this large multi-center cohort study, full breastfeeding was associated with lower likelihood of detecting four important enteric pathogens in the first six months of life. These results also show that full breastfeeding is related to delays in the first detection of some bacterial and viral pathogens in the stool. As several of these pathogens are risk factors for poor growth during childhood, this work underscores the importance of exclusive or full breastfeeding during the first six months of life to optimize early health., Accepted for publication in AJCN

Submitted by Jonathan Sousa de Almeida (jonathan.sousa@ufma.br) on 2022-10-25T13:39:54Z No. of bitstreams: 1 CLÁUDIATAMMYDACRUZABREU.pdf: 2107077 bytes, checksum: c48380f7106430b2ad53f85222efcea8 (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2022-10-25T13:39:54Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 CLÁUDIATAMMYDACRUZABREU.pdf: 2107077 bytes, checksum: c48380f7106430b2ad53f85222efcea8 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2021-05-25 This interdisciplinary research presents a study on the manifestation of the mythical ethos in political discourse. The main objective is to investigate the predominant characteristics of the mythical ethos and the factors, internal and external to the discourse, that lead to its consolidation, transforming a person with the status of ordinary citizen into a political myth. The corpus consists of four speeches by former President Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva, extracted from different moments of his political career (divided, for the purpose of organizing of the research, in the syndicalist phase, diplomatic phase and mythical phase). About nature, it corresponds to a basic or pure research, new knowledge generated for the advancement of language studies through the understanding of the phenomenon of mythic projection in discourse, the mythical ethos. About instruments, we opted for unstructured observation. We searched Lula's speeches selected for this research for the factors that caused transformations in his image over time and consolidation of the consequent mythical ethos. About the objectives, it consists in an exploratory research. Understanding that the chosen theme is far from being exhausted, we will go on with the task of providing an approximate overview of the phenomenon of mythical ethos, with the aim of formulating searchable hypotheses for further studies. About the procedures, it consists of an ex-post-facto research. We investigate possible cause-and-effect relationships between the elements that influence the construction of Lula's political image and the phenomenon of consolidation of the mythical ethos. The categories applied in our analyzes were the circumstances of discourse, the communication contract, the discursive strategies, the influence of ethos and pathos and the mythical ethos. We adopted the nomenclature used by Charaudeau when dealing with the elements of the enunciative scene: enunciator and co-enunciator, speaker and interlocutor, enunciating subject and interpreting subject. About approaching and presentation of results, we followed the qualitative model. We highlighted from the four discourses elements that evidence the formative characteristics of Lula's political image and seek, in the observation of these characteristics themselves, to understand the formation of the mythical ethos. The theoretical reference is based on Semiolinguistics of Discourse Analysis, by Patrick Charaudeau. The categories of analysis applied were the modes of organization of the discourse, the socio-discursive imaginaries, the circumstances of discourse, the communication contract, the discursive strategies and the characteristics of ethos and pathos in each discourse. The theoretical basis employs the definitions of ethos and pathos in Charaudeau (2007, 2016a, 2016b, 2018), myth in Barthes (2013) and political mythologies in Girardet (1987). In order to understand the process of acceptance of the mythical image by interpreting subjects, we felt the necessity to bring to our analysis the notions of Identity (HALL, 2003, 2005; BAUMAN, 2005) and Politeness (BROWN; LEVINSON, 1987) and Face Protection (GOFFMAN, 1967). The focus of this research goes over the image that political actors can project in their speeches, their ethé, and not over their personal characteristics, their identities. However, these self-images constructed within the discourse will not be believable if they do not dialogue at least in part with the identities of those who enunciate. And they will not be accepted if they employ levels of politeness that are inconsistent with the communication situations where they are. We noticed that the mythical ethos overflows the concept of ethos itself and becomes a multiple argumentative strategy, replicating characteristics of the face, or even the social identity of the enunciating subject. The analysis indicates that the mythical ethos in political discourse is a type of pathemic self-image constructed by the interpreting subject inside the interenunciative act, in a psicosociolinguistic moviment of response to the mythical image projected by the enunciating subject. Esta pesquisa, de caráter interdisciplinar, apresenta um estudo sobre a manifestação do ethos mítico no discurso político. O principal objetivo é investigar as características predominantes do ethos mítico e os fatores, internos e externos ao discurso, que levam à sua consolidação, transformando um indivíduo com o status de cidadão comum em um mito político. O corpus é composto por quatro discursos do ex-presidente Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva, extraídos de momentos distintos de sua carreira política (dividida, para fins de organização da pesquisa, em fase sindicalista, fase diplomática e fase mítica). Quanto à natureza, corresponde a uma pesquisa básica ou pura, visando gerar conhecimento novo para o avanço dos estudos da linguagem através da compreensão do fenômeno de projeção mítica no discurso, o ethos mítico. Quanto aos instrumentos, optamos pela observação não-estruturada. Buscamos, nos discursos de Lula selecionados para esta pesquisa, os fatores que causaram as transformações em sua imagem ao longo do tempo e a consequente consolidação do ethos mítico. Quanto aos objetivos, enquadra- se como uma pesquisa exploratória. Compreendendo que o tema escolhido está longe de ser esgotado, iremos nos ater à tarefa de proporcionar uma visão geral, aproximativa, acerca do fenômeno do ethos mítico, com o intuito de formular hipóteses pesquisáveis para estudos posteriores. Quanto aos procedimentos, consiste em uma pesquisa ex-post-facto. Investigamos possíveis relações de causa e efeito entre os elementos que tiveram influência na construção da imagem política de Lula e o fenômeno da consolidação do ethos mítico. As categorias aplicadas em nossas análises foram as circunstâncias de discurso, o contrato de comunicação, as estratégias discursivas, a influência do ethos e do pathos e o ethos mítico. Adotamos a nomenclatura empregada por Charaudeau ao tratar dos elementos da cena enunciativa: enunciador e coenunciador, locutor e interlocutor, sujeito enunciador e sujeito interpretante. Quanto à abordagem e à exposição dos resultados, seguimos o modelo qualitativo. Destacamos dos quatro discursos elementos que evidenciam as características formativas da imagem política de Lula e buscamos, na observação do conjunto destas características, compreender a formação do ethos mítico. O aporte teórico funda-se na Semiolinguística de Análise do Discurso, de Patrick Charaudeau. As categorias de análise aplicadas foram os modos de organização do discurso, os imaginários sociodiscursivos, as circunstâncias de discurso, o contrato de comunicação, as estratégias discursivas e as características do ethos e do pathos em cada discurso. O embasamento teórico emprega as definições de ethos e pathos em Charaudeau (2007, 2016a, 2016b, 2018), mito em Barthes (2013) e mitologias políticas em Girardet (1987). Para compreender o processo da aceitação da imagem mítica por parte dos sujeitos interpretantes, sentimos a necessidade de trazer para nossas análises as noções de Identidade (HALL, 2003, 2005; BAUMAN, 2005) e de Polidez (BROWN; LEVINSON, 1987) e Proteção da Face (GOFFMAN, 1967). O foco desta pesquisa recai sobre a imagem que os atores políticos são capazes de projetar em seus discursos, seus ethé, e não sobre suas características pessoais, suas identidades. Entretanto, essas autoimagens construídas dentro do discurso não serão críveis se não dialogarem ao menos em parte com as identidades daqueles que enunciam. E não serão aceitas se empregarem níveis de polidez incongruentes com as situações de comunicação nas quais se inserem. Percebemos que o ethos mítico transborda o próprio conceito de ethos e se converte em uma estratégia argumentativa múltipla, replicando características da face, ou mesmo da identidade social do sujeito enunciador. As análises apontam que o ethos mítico no discurso político é um tipo de autoimagem patêmica construída pelo sujeito interpretante no interior do ato interenunciativo, em um movimento psicosóciolinguageiro de resposta à imagem mítica projetada pelo sujeito enunciador.

Relatório de Estágio de Mestrado, Educação e Formação (Área de Especialidade em Desenvolvimento Social e Cultural), Universidade de Lisboa, Instituto de Educação, 2021 Submitted by Biblioteca FPIE-ULisboa (bibliorul@fpie.ulisboa.pt) on 2021-05-13T08:27:38Z No. of bitstreams: 1 ulfpie054267_tm.pdf: 7293652 bytes, checksum: bf59cdae31fed0778eefcc3de3b121ba (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2021-05-13T08:28:22Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 ulfpie054267_tm.pdf: 7293652 bytes, checksum: bf59cdae31fed0778eefcc3de3b121ba (MD5) Previous issue date: 2021

Um dos impactos da pandemia causada pelo vírus COVID -19 foi a ruptura em cadeias de abastecimento em todo o mundo. Nesse contexto, o enfrentamento de distúrbios causados por riscos, de diversas naturezas, configura-se como uma oportunidade para examinar a resiliência de uma cadeia de abastecimento, bem como o nível de maturidade da confiança entre os seus elos. Neste sentido, essa investigação se propôs a verificar e avaliar a percepção, por parte das empresas que integram uma cadeia de abastecimento no setor de educação executiva no Brasil, sobre a capacidade de resposta da empresa focal à interrupção causada pelo Covid 19 e se o relacionamento entre os parceiros influenciou a resiliência dessa empresa em cada fase da interrupção havida. Para tal, efetuouse um estudo quantitativo, com aplicação de um questionário elaborado a partir das investigações realizadas por Fawcett et al., (2012), em relação ao constructor confiança e, por Sholten et al., (2014) em relação a resiliência e capabilities, além da realização de entrevistas semiestruturadas, não diretivas e com foco em uma amostragem intencional composta por executivos pertencentes a 39 empresas. Responderam ao questionário 16 empresas que, juntas, foram responsáveis por 76,61% do valor contratado de negócios para o ano de 2019. Os dados quantitativos foram analisados por meio do software SPSS (Statistical Product and Service Solutions) e as informações complementares, para análise qualitativa e obtidas por meio das entrevistas, foram tratadas por meio do método de Análise de Conteúdo. Os resultados sugerem que não houve alteração da percepção do nível de maturidade da confiança, por parte das empresas parceiras, nos momentos anterior e posterior a ruptura, que a percepção da capacidade de resposta da empresa focal à ruptura causada pelo Covid 19 em sua cadeia foi positiva e que a existência de capabilities, em cada fase da ruptura influenciou, de forma positiva, a performance da empresa focal. Por fim, foram realizadas recomendações em relação a consciência de risco na cadeia. One of the impacts of the pandemic caused by the COVID -19 virus was the disruption in supply chains around the world. In this context, coping with disturbances caused by risks, of different natures, is configured as an opportunity to examine the resilience of a supply chain and the level of maturity of trust between its links. In this sense, this investigation aimed to verify and evaluate the perception, by the companies that integrate a supply chain in the executive education sector in Brazil, about the responsiveness of the focal company to the interruption caused by Covid 19 and if the relationship among the partners influenced the resilience of this company in each phase of the interruption. For this, a quantitative study was carried out, with the application of a questionnaire elaborated from the investigations carried out by Fawcett et al., (2012), in relation to the trust constructor and, by Sholten et al., (2014) in relation to resilience and capabilities, in addition to conducting semi-structured interviews, non-directive and focused on an intentional sampling composed of executives belonging to 39 companies. 16 companies responded to the questionnaire, which together were responsible for 76.61% of the contracted business value for the year 2019. Quantitative data were analyzed using the SPSS (Statistical Product and Service Solutions) software and complementary information for qualitative analysis and obtained through the interviews, were treated using the Content Analysis method. The results suggest that there was no change in the perception of the maturity level of trust, on the part of the partner companies, in the moments before and after the rupture, that the perception of the responsiveness of the focal company to the rupture caused by Covid 19 in its chain was positive and that the existence of capabilities in each phase of the rupture positively influenced the performance of the focal company. Finally, recommendations were made regarding risk awareness in the chain.

This paper presents Integrid’s project framework to manage Low Voltage (LV) electricity networks, aiming to avoid both technical and quality constraints, induced by the increasing flexibility amount of resources spread all over the grid. These assets cover from the large amount of renewable-based energy generation to the electrical vehicle and energy storage units. For this to be possible, new advanced tools were developed to exploit the benefits of Distributed Energy Resources (DERs). This paper describes the approach taken to perform the active management of LV Networks, without a perfect level of observability, exploiting the flexibility provided by Distribution System Operator’s (DSOs) resources combined with the one offered by private consumers through their Home Energy Management Systems (HEMSs). Additionally, some results followed by a brief discussionis presented, enforcing the success of the developed tools. The algorithms inside the developed tools aim to forecast both microgeneration, available flexibility and load profiles to estimate the network’s state for future time frames.

The influence of metabolizable energy (ME) and methionine plus cystine concentration of the diet on performance the laying hens from 24 to44 weeks of age. The experimental design was completely randomized with 9 treatments in a factorial arrangement with 3 metabolizable energy levels (2755; 2900; and 3045 kcal/kg) and, 3 methionine + cystine digestible levels (0.603%; 0.670%; and 0.737%), evaluated for five periods of 28 days each. For the entire study interaction was observed (P

Mestrado em Fisioterapia Submitted by Maria da Luz Antunes (mluz.antunes@estesl.ipl.pt) on 2021-01-15T18:53:04Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Prevalência da IUE em mulheres praticantes de crossfit.pdf: 1529317 bytes, checksum: f4f07d9dc24ca3803e9c9ffc8e1e9692 (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2021-01-15T18:53:04Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Prevalência da IUE em mulheres praticantes de crossfit.pdf: 1529317 bytes, checksum: f4f07d9dc24ca3803e9c9ffc8e1e9692 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2020 N/A

Background: Environmental enteropathy (EE), the adverse impact of frequent and numerous enteric infections on the gut resulting in a state of persistent immune activation and altered permeability, has been proposed as a key determinant of growth failure in children in low- and middle-income populations. A theory-driven systems model to critically evaluate pathways through which enteropathogens, gut permeability, and intestinal and systemic inflammation affect child growth was conducted within the framework of the Etiology, Risk Factors and Interactions of Enteric Infections and Malnutrition and the Consequences for Child Health and Development (MAL-ED) birth cohort study that included children from eight countries. Methods: Non-diarrheal stool samples (N = 22,846) from 1253 children from multiple sites were evaluated for a panel of 40 enteropathogens and fecal concentrations of myeloperoxidase, alpha-1-antitrypsin, and neopterin. Among these same children, urinary lactulose:mannitol (L:M) (N = 6363) and plasma alpha-1-acid glycoprotein (AGP) (N = 2797) were also measured. The temporal sampling design was used to create a directed acyclic graph of proposed mechanistic pathways between enteropathogen detection in non-diarrheal stools, biomarkers of intestinal permeability and inflammation, systemic inflammation and change in length- and weight- for age in children 0–2 years of age. Findings: Children in these populations had frequent enteric infections and high levels of both intestinal and systemic inflammation. Higher burdens of enteropathogens, especially those categorized as being enteroinvasive or causing mucosal disruption, were associated with elevated biomarker concentrations of gut and systemic inflammation and, via these associations, indirectly associated with both reduced linear and ponderal growth. Evidence for the association with reduced linear growth was stronger for systemic inflammation than for gut inflammation; the opposite was true of reduced ponderal growth. Although Giardia was associated with reduced growth, the association was not mediated by any of the biomarkers evaluated. Interpretation: The large quantity of empirical evidence contributing to this analysis supports the conceptual model of EE. The effects of EE on growth faltering in young children were small, but multiple mechanistic pathways underlying the attribution of growth failure to asymptomatic enteric infections had statistical support in the analysis. The strongest evidence for EE was the association between enteropathogens and linear growth mediated through systemic inflammation. Funding: Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation.

In a multisite birth cohort study, we document a high burden of Campylobacter infection using enzyme immunoassay, demonstrate an association between Campylobacter and linear growth shortfalls and both increased intestinal permeability and intestinal and systemic inflammation, and identify potential interventions., Background. Enteropathogen infections have been associated with enteric dysfunction and impaired growth in children in low-resource settings. In a multisite birth cohort study (MAL-ED), we describe the epidemiology and impact of Campylobacter infection in the first 2 years of life. Methods. Children were actively followed up until 24 months of age. Diarrheal and nondiarrheal stool samples were collected and tested by enzyme immunoassay for Campylobacter. Stool and blood samples were assayed for markers of intestinal permeability and inflammation. Results. A total of 1892 children had 7601 diarrheal and 26 267 nondiarrheal stool samples tested for Campylobacter. We describe a high prevalence of infection, with most children (n = 1606; 84.9%) having a Campylobacter-positive stool sample by 1 year of age. Factors associated with a reduced risk of Campylobacter detection included exclusive breastfeeding (risk ratio, 0.57; 95% confidence interval, .47–.67), treatment of drinking water (0.76; 0.70–0.83), access to an improved latrine (0.89; 0.82–0.97), and recent macrolide antibiotic use (0.68; 0.63–0.74). A high Campylobacter burden was associated with a lower length-for-age Z score at 24 months (−1.82; 95% confidence interval, −1.94 to −1.70) compared with a low burden (−1.49; −1.60 to −1.38). This association was robust to confounders and consistent across sites. Campylobacter infection was also associated with increased intestinal permeability and intestinal and systemic inflammation. Conclusions. Campylobacter was prevalent across diverse settings and associated with growth shortfalls. Promotion of exclusive breastfeeding, drinking water treatment, improved latrines, and targeted antibiotic treatment may reduce the burden of Campylobacter infection and improve growth in children in these settings.