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3. Transgenic expression of the DIBOA biosynthesis pathway in Arabidopsis thaliana and ecophysiological analysis of the transgenics

Author

Abramov, Aleksej, Schwab, Wilfried (Prof. Dr.), and Dawid, Corinna (Prof. Dr.)

Subjects
Biowissenschaften, Biologie, ddc:570, ddc:540, Transgene, Biosynthese, metabolischer Stress, Phytotoxizität, Benzoxazinoide, Indolin-2-on, Arabidopsis thaliana, Zea mays, Salicylsäure, DIBOA, Chemie, Transgenic expression, biosynthesis, metabolic stress, phytotoxicity, benzoxazinoids, DIBOA, indolin-2-one, Arabidopsis thaliana, Zea mays, salicylic acid
Abstract

Der aus sieben Genen bestehende Biosyntheseweg des Benzoxazinons GDIBOA aus Mais wurde in Arabidopsis exprimiert. Die transgenen Pflanzen produzieren GDIBOA. Die zunächst geringe Ausbeute beruhte auf Verlust und Modifizierung von Intermediaten durch endogene Enzyme und konnte nachfolgend wesentlich gesteigert werden. Das Intermediat Indolin-2-on wurde als Phytotoxin erkannt, das bei Anreicherung in Pflanzen zu erhöhtem Salicylsäuregehalt und morphologischen Veränderungen führt. The biosynthesis pathway of the benzoxazinone GDIBOA, consisting of seven genes, has been transferred to Arabidopsis. The transgenic plants produce GDIBOA. The loss of intermediates and subsequent modification by endogenous enzymes was identified as the cause for low yield and the amount was substantially improved in the following. The intermediate indolin-2-one was recognized as a phytotoxin that, upon accumulation, causes an enrichment of salicylic acid and morphological alterations.

Published
2022

4. Transgene Expression der DIBOA Biosynthese in Arabidopsis thaliana und ökophysiologische Untersuchung der Transgenen.

Author

Schwab, Wilfried (Prof. Dr.), Schwab, Wilfried (Prof. Dr.);Dawid, Corinna (Prof. Dr.), Abramov, Aleksej, Schwab, Wilfried (Prof. Dr.), Schwab, Wilfried (Prof. Dr.);Dawid, Corinna (Prof. Dr.), and Abramov, Aleksej

Abstract

Der aus sieben Genen bestehende Biosyntheseweg des Benzoxazinons GDIBOA aus Mais wurde in Arabidopsis exprimiert. Die transgenen Pflanzen produzieren GDIBOA. Die zunächst geringe Ausbeute beruhte auf Verlust und Modifizierung von Intermediaten durch endogene Enzyme und konnte nachfolgend wesentlich gesteigert werden. Das Intermediat Indolin-2-on wurde als Phytotoxin erkannt, das bei Anreicherung in Pflanzen zu erhöhtem Salicylsäuregehalt und morphologischen Veränderungen führt., The biosynthesis pathway of the benzoxazinone GDIBOA, consisting of seven genes, has been transferred to Arabidopsis. The transgenic plants produce GDIBOA. The loss of intermediates and subsequent modification by endogenous enzymes was identified as the cause for low yield and the amount was substantially improved in the following. The intermediate indolin-2-one was recognized as a phytotoxin that, upon accumulation, causes an enrichment of salicylic acid and morphological alterations.

Published
2022

7. Association of the benzoxazinoid pathway with boron homeostasis in maize.

Author

Chu L, Shrestha V, Schäfer CC, Niedens J, Meyer GW, Darnell Z, Kling T, Dürr-Mayer T, Abramov A, Frey M, Jessen H, Schaaf G, Hochholdinger F, Nowak-Król A, McSteen P, Angelovici R, and Matthes MS

Subjects
Genome-Wide Association Study, Plant Leaves metabolism, Plant Leaves genetics, Mutation, Gene Expression Regulation, Plant, Plant Proteins metabolism, Plant Proteins genetics, Zea mays genetics, Zea mays metabolism, Zea mays drug effects, Boron metabolism, Benzoxazines metabolism, Homeostasis
Abstract

Both deficiency and toxicity of the micronutrient boron lead to severe reductions in crop yield. Despite this agricultural importance, the molecular basis underlying boron homeostasis in plants remains unclear. To identify molecular players involved in boron homeostasis in maize (Zea mays L.), we measured boron levels in the Goodman-Buckler association panel and performed genome-wide association studies. These analyses identified a benzoxazinless (bx) gene, bx3, involved in the biosynthesis of benzoxazinoids, such as 2,4-dihydroxy-7-methoxy-1,4-benzoxazin-3-one (DIMBOA), which are major defense compounds in maize. Genes involved in DIMBOA biosynthesis are all located in close proximity in the genome, and benzoxazinoid biosynthesis mutants, including bx3, are all DIMBOA deficient. We determined that leaves of the bx3 mutant have a greater boron concentration than those of B73 control plants, which corresponded with enhanced leaf tip necrosis, a phenotype associated with boron toxicity. By contrast, other DIMBOA-deficient maize mutants did not show altered boron levels or the leaf tip necrosis phenotype, suggesting that boron is not associated with DIMBOA. Instead, our analyses suggest that the accumulation of boron is linked to the benzoxazinoid intermediates indolin-2-one (ION) and 3-hydroxy-ION. Therefore, our results connect boron homeostasis to the benzoxazinoid plant defense pathway through bx3 and specific intermediates, rendering the benzoxazinoid biosynthesis pathway a potential target for crop improvement under inadequate boron conditions., Competing Interests: Conflict of interest statement. None declared., (© The Author(s) 2024. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of American Society of Plant Biologists. All rights reserved. For commercial re-use, please contact reprints@oup.com for reprints and translation rights for reprints. All other permissions can be obtained through our RightsLink service via the Permissions link on the article page on our site—for further information please contact journals.permissions@oup.com.)

Published
2024
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