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2. Measurement of the generalized spin polarizabilities of the neutron in the low $Q^2$ region

Author

Sulkosky, V., Peng, C., Chen, J. -P., Deur, A., Abrahamyan, S., Aniol, K. A., Armstrong, D. S., Averett, T., Bailey, S. L., Beck, A., Bertin, P., Butaru, F., Boeglin, W., Camsonne, A., Cates, G. D., Chang, C. C., Choi, Seonho, Chudakov, E., Coman, L., Cornejo, J. C, Craver, B., Cusanno, F., De Leo, R., de Jager, C. W., Denton, J. D., Dhamija, S., Feuerbach, R., Finn, J. M., Frullani, S., Fuoti, K., Gao, H., Garibaldi, F., Gayou, O., Gilman, R., Glamazdin, A., Glashausser, C., Gomez, J., Hansen, J. -O., Hayes, D., Hersman, B., Higinbotham, D. W., Holmstrom, T., Humensky, T. B., Hyde, C. E., Ibrahim, H., Iodice, M., Jiang, X., Kaufman, L. J., Kelleher, A., Keister, K. E., Kim, W., Kolarkar, A., Kolb, N., Korsch, W., Kramer, K., Kumbartzki, G., Lagamba, L., Laine, V., Laveissiere, G., Lerose, J. J., Lhuillier, D., Lindgren, R., Liyanage, N., Lu, H. -J., Ma, B., Margaziotis, D. J., Markowitz, P., McCormick, K., Meziane, M., Meziani, Z. -E., Michaels, R., Moffit, B., Monaghan, P., Nanda, S., Niedziela, J., Niskin, M., Pandolfi, R., Paschke, K. D., Potokar, M., Puckett, A., Punjabi, V. A., Qiang, Y., Ransome, R., Reitz, B., Roche, R., Saha, A., Shabetai, A., Sirca, S., Singh, J. T., Slifer, K., Snyder, R., Solvignon, P., Stringer, R., Subedi, R., Tobias, W. A., Ton, N., Ulmer, P. E., Urciuoli, G. M., Vacheret, A., Voutier, E., Wang, K., Wan, L., Wojtsekhowski, B., Woo, S., Yao, H., Yuan, J., Zhan, X., Zheng, X., and Zhu, L.

Subjects
Nuclear Experiment
Abstract

Understanding the nucleon spin structure in the regime where the strong interaction becomes truly strong poses a challenge to both experiment and theory. At energy scales below the nucleon mass of about 1 GeV, the intense interaction among the quarks and gluons inside the nucleon makes them highly correlated. Their coherent behaviour causes the emergence of effective degrees of freedom, requiring the application of non-perturbative techniques, such as chiral effective field theory. Here, we present measurements of the neutron's generalized spin-polarizabilities that quantify the neutron's spin precession under electromagnetic fields at very low energy-momentum transfer squared down to 0.035 GeV$^2$. In this regime, chiral effective field theory calculations are expected to be applicable. Our data, however, show a strong discrepancy with these predictions, presenting a challenge to the current description of the neutron's spin properties., Comment: V1: initial version submitted to Nature Physics. V2: Published version. 16 pages, 7 figures. Additional material: 4 data tables (18 pages) V3: Typo corrected in author list. Paper content unchanged

Published
2021
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3. Measurement of the 3He Spin-Structure Functions and of Neutron (3He) Spin-Dependent Sum Rules at 0.035<Q^2<0.24 GeV^2

Author

Sulkosky, V., Singh, J. T., Peng, C., Chen, J. -P., Deur, A., Abrahamyan, S., Aniol, K. A., Armstrong, D. S., Averett, T., Bailey, S. L., Beck, A., Bertin, P., Butaru, F., Boeglin, W., Camsonne, A., Cates, G. D., Chang, C. C., Choi, Seonho, Chudakov, E., Coman, L., Cornejo, J. C, Craver, B., Cusanno, F., De Leo, R., de Jager, C. W., Denton, J. D., Dhamija, S., Feuerbach, R., Finn, J. M., Frullani, S., Fuoti, K., Gao, H., Garibaldi, F., Gayou, O., Gilman, R., Glamazdin, A., Glashausser, C., Gomez, J., Hansen, J. -O., Hayes, D., Hersman, B., Higinbotham, D. W., Holmstrom, T., Humensky, T. B., Hyde, C. E., Ibrahim, H., Iodice, M., Jiang, X., Kaufman, L. J., Kelleher, A., Keister, K. E., Kim, W., Kolarkar, A., Kolb, N., Korsch, W., Kramer, K., Kumbartzki, G., Lagamba, L., Laine, V., Laveissiere, G., Lerose, J. J., Lhuillier, D., Lindgren, R., Liyanage, N., Lu, H. -J., Ma, B., Margaziotis, D. J., Markowitz, P., McCormick, K., Meziane, M., Meziani, Z. -E., Michaels, R., Moffit, B., Monaghan, P., Nanda, S., Niedziela, J., Niskin, M., Pandolfi, R., Paschke, K. D., Potokar, M., Puckett, A., Punjabi, V. A., Qiang, Y., Ransome, R., Reitz, B., Roche, R., Saha, A., Shabetai, A., Sirca, S., Slifer, K., Snyder, R., Solvignon, P., Stringer, R., Subedi, R., Tobias, W. A., Ton, N., Ulmer, P. E., Urciuoli, G. M., Vacheret, A., Voutier, E., Wang, K., Wan, L., Wojtsekhowski, B., Woo, S., Yao, H., Yuan, J., Zhan, X., Zheng, X., and Zhu, L.

Subjects
Nuclear Experiment, High Energy Physics - Experiment
Abstract

The spin-structure functions $g_1$ and $g_2$, and the spin-dependent partial cross-section $\sigma_\mathrm{TT}$ have been extracted from the polarized cross-sections differences, $\Delta \sigma_{\parallel}\hspace{-0.06cm}\left(\nu,Q^{2}\right)$ and $\Delta \sigma_{\perp}\hspace{-0.06cm}\left(\nu,Q^{2}\right)$ measured for the $\vec{^\textrm{3}\textrm{He}}(\vec{\textrm{e}},\textrm{e}')\textrm{X}$ reaction, in the E97-110 experiment at Jefferson Lab. Polarized electrons with energies from 1.147 to 4.404 GeV were scattered at angles of 6$^{\circ}$ and 9$^{\circ}$ from a longitudinally or transversely polarized $^{3}$He target. The data cover the kinematic regions of the quasi-elastic, resonance production and beyond. From the extracted spin-structure functions, the first moments $\overline{\Gamma_1}\hspace{-0.06cm}\left(Q^{2}\right)$, $\Gamma_2\hspace{-0.06cm}\left(Q^{2}\right)$ and $I_{\mathrm{TT}}\hspace{-0.06cm}\left(Q^{2}\right)$ are evaluated with high precision for the neutron in the $Q^2$ range from 0.035 to 0.24~GeV$^{2}$. The comparison of the data and the chiral effective field theory predictions reveals the importance of proper treatment of the $\Delta$ degree of freedom for spin observables., Comment: 7 pages, 5 figures, 3 tables. Version published in Phys. Lett. B

Published
2019
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4. Advanced picosecond precision Radio Frequency Timer

Author

Zhamkochyan, S., primary, Kakoyan, V., additional, Abrahamyan, S., additional, Elbakyan, H., additional, Ayvazyan, G., additional, Ayvazyan, R., additional, Ghalumyan, A., additional, Kakoyan, A., additional, Mayilyan, S., additional, Papyan, A., additional, Piloyan, A., additional, Rostomyan, H., additional, Safaryan, A., additional, Sughyan, G., additional, Vardanyan, H., additional, Zohrabyan, H., additional, Annand, J., additional, Livingston, K., additional, Montgomery, R., additional, Achenbach, P., additional, Pochodzalla, J., additional, Balabanski, D.L., additional, Nakamura, S.N., additional, Aprahamian, A., additional, Brodeur, M., additional, Sharyy, V., additional, Yvon, D., additional, and Margaryan, A., additional

Published
2024
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5. New Measurements of the Transverse Beam Asymmetry for Elastic Electron Scattering from Selected Nuclei

Author

HAPPEX, The, Collaborations, PREX, Abrahamyan, S., Acha, A., Afanasev, A., Ahmed, Z., Albataineh, H., Aniol, K., Armstrong, D. S., Armstrong, W., Arrington, J., Averett, T., Babineau, B., Bailey, S. L., Barber, J., Barbieri, A., Beck, A., Bellini, V., Beminiwattha, R., Benaoum, H., Benesch, J., Benmokhtar, F., Bertin, P., Bielarski, T., Boeglin, W., Bosted, P., Butaru, F., Burtin, E., Cahoon, J., Camsonne, A., Canan, M., Carter, P., Chang, C. C., Cates, G. D., Chao, Y. C., Chen, C., Chen, J. P., Choi, Seonho, Chudakov, E., Cisbani, E., Craver, B., Cusanno, F., Dalton, M. M., De Leo, R., de Jager, K., Deconinck, W., Decowski, P., Deepa, D., Deng, X., Deur, A., Dutta, D., Etile, A., Ferdi, C., Feuerbach, R. J., Finn, J. M., Flay, D., Franklin, G. B., Friend, M., Frullani, S., Fuchey, E., Fuchs, S. A., Fuoti, K., Garibaldi, F., Gasser, E., Gilman, R., Giusa, A., Glamazdin, A., Glesener, L. E., Gomez, J., Gorchtein, M., Grames, J., Grimm, K., Gu, C., Hansen, O., Hansknecht, J., Hen, O., Higinbotham, D. W., Holmes, R. S., Holmstrom, T., Horowitz, C. J., Hoskins, J., Huang, J., Humensky, T. B., Hyde, C. E., Ibrahim, H., Itard, F., Jen, C. M., Jensen, E., Jiang, X., Jin, G., Johnston, S., Katich, J., Kaufman, L. J., Kelleher, A., Kliakhandler, K., King, P. M., Kolarkar, A., Kowalski, S., Kuchina, E., Kumar, K. S., Lagamba, L., Lambert, D., LaViolette, P., Leacock, J., Leckey IV, J., Lee, J. H., LeRose, J. J., Lhuillier, D., Lindgren, R., Liyanage, N., Lubinsky, N., Mammei, J., Mammoliti, F., Margaziotis, D. J., Markowitz, P., Mazouz, M., McCormick, K., McCreary, A., McNulty, D., Meekins, D. G., Mercado, L., Meziani, Z. E., Michaels, R. W., Mihovilovic, M., Moffit, B., Monaghan, P., Muangma, N., Munoz-Camacho, C., Nanda, S., Nelyubin, V., Neyret, D., Nuruzzaman, Oh, Y., Otis, K., Palmer, A., Parno, D., Paschke, K. D., Phillips, S. K., Poelker, M., Pomatsalyuk, R., Posik, M., Potokar, M., Prok, K., Puckett, A. J. R., Qian, X., Qiang, Y., Quinn, B., Rakhman, A., Reimer, P. E., Reitz, B., Riordan, S., Roche, J., Rogan, P., Ron, G., Russo, G., Saenboonruang, K., Saha, A., Sawatzky, B., Shahinyan, A., Silwal, R., Singh, J., Sirca, S., Slifer, K., Snyder, R., Solvignon, P., Souder, P. A., Sperduto, M. L., Subedi, R., Stutzman, M. L., Suleiman, R., Sulkosky, V., Sutera, C. M., Tobias, W. A., Troth, W., Urciuoli, G. M., Ulmer, P., Vacheret, A., Voutier, E., Waidyawansa, B., Wang, D., Wang, K., Wexler, J., Whitbeck, A., Wilson, R., Wojtsekhowski, B., Yan, X., Yao, H., Ye, Y., Ye, Z., Yim, V., Zana, L., Zhan, X., Zhang, J., Zhang, Y., Zheng, X., Ziskin, V., and Zhu, P.

Subjects
Nuclear Experiment
Abstract

We have measured the beam-normal single-spin asymmetry $A_n$ in the elastic scattering of 1-3 GeV transversely polarized electrons from $^1$H and for the first time from $^4$He, $^{12}$C, and $^{208}$Pb. For $^1$H, $^4$He and $^{12}$C, the measurements are in agreement with calculations that relate $A_n$ to the imaginary part of the two-photon exchange amplitude including inelastic intermediate states. Surprisingly, the $^{208}$Pb result is significantly smaller than the corresponding prediction using the same formalism. These results suggest that a systematic set of new $A_n$ measurements might emerge as a new and sensitive probe of the structure of heavy nuclei., Comment: 5 pages, 3 figures, accepted by PRL. v3: fixed one author name and affiliation, otherwise no change

Published
2012
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6. Measurement of the Neutron Radius of 208Pb Through Parity-Violation in Electron Scattering

Author

Abrahamyan, S., Ahmed, Z., Albataineh, H., Aniol, K., Armstrong, D. S., Armstrong, W., Averett, T., Babineau, B., Barbieri, A., Bellini, V., Beminiwattha, R., Benesch, J., Benmokhtar, F., Bielarski, T., Boeglin, W., Camsonne, A., Canan, M., Carter, P., Cates, G. D., Chen, C., Chen, J. -P., Hen, O., Cusanno, F., Dalton, M. M., De Leo, R., de Jager, K., Deconinck, W., Decowski, P., Deng, X., Deur, A., Dutta, D., Etile, A., Flay, D., Franklin, G. B., Friend, M., Frullani, S., Fuchey, E., Garibaldi, F., Gasser, E., Gilman, R., Giusa, A., Glamazdin, A., Gomez, J., Grames, J., Gu, C., Hansen, O., Hansknecht, J., Higinbotham, D. W., Holmes, R. S., Holmstrom, T., Horowitz, C. J., Hoskins, J., Huang, J., Hyde, C. E., Itard, F., Jen, C. -M., Jensen, E., Jin, G., Johnston, S., Kelleher, A., Kliakhandler, K., King, P. M., Kowalski, S., Kumar, K. S., Leacock, J., Leckey IV, J., Lee, J. H., LeRose, J. J., Lindgren, R., Liyanage, N., Lubinsky, N., Mammei, J., Mammoliti, F., Margaziotis, D. J., Markowitz, P., McCreary, A., McNulty, D., Mercado, L., Meziani, Z. -E., Michaels, R. W., Mihovilovic, M., Muangma, N., Muñoz-Camacho, C., Nanda, S., Nelyubin, V., Nuruzzaman, N., Oh, Y., Palmer, A., Parno, D., Paschke, K. D., Phillips, S. K., Poelker, B., Pomatsalyuk, R., Posik, M., Puckett, A. J. R., Quinn, B., Rakhman, A., Reimer, P. E., Riordan, S., Rogan, P., Ron, G., Russo, G., Saenboonruang, K., Saha, A., Sawatzky, B., Shahinyan, A., Silwal, R., Sirca, S., Slifer, K., Solvignon, P., Souder, P. A., Sperduto, M. L., Subedi, R., Suleiman, R., Sulkosky, V., Sutera, C. M., Tobias, W. A., Troth, W., Urciuoli, G. M., Waidyawansa, B., Wang, D., Wexler, J., Wilson, R., Wojtsekhowski, B., Yan, X., Yao, H., Ye, Y., Ye, Z., Yim, V., Zana, L., Zhan, X., Zhang, J., Zhang, Y., Zheng, X., and Zhu, P.

Subjects
Nuclear Experiment
Abstract

We report the first measurement of the parity-violating asymmetry A_PV in the elastic scattering of polarized electrons from 208Pb. A_PV is sensitive to the radius of the neutron distribution (Rn). The result A_PV = 0.656 \pm 0.060 (stat) \pm 0.014 (syst) ppm corresponds to a difference between the radii of the neutron and proton distributions Rn - Rp = 0.33 +0.16 -0.18 fm and provides the first electroweak observation of the neutron skin which is expected in a heavy, neutron-rich nucleus., Comment: 6 pages, 1 figure

Published
2012
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7. Search for a new gauge boson in the $A'$ Experiment (APEX)

Author

Abrahamyan, S., Ahmed, Z., Allada, K., Anez, D., Averett, T., Barbieri, A., Bartlett, K., Beacham, J., Bono, J., Boyce, J. R., Brindza, P., Camsonne, A., Cranmer, K., Dalton, M. M., deJager, C. W., Donaghy, J., Essig, R., Field, C., Folts, E., Gasparian, A., Goeckner-Wald, N., Gomez, J., Graham, M., Hansen, J. -O., Higinbotham, D. W., Holmstrom, T., Huang, J., Iqbal, S., Jaros, J., Jensen, E., Kelleher, A., Khandaker, M., LeRose, J. J., Lindgren, R., Liyanage, N., Long, E., Mammei, J., Markowitz, P., Maruyama, T., Maxwell, V., Mayilyan, S., McDonald, J., Michaels, R., Moffeit, K., Nelyubin, V., Odian, A., Oriunno, M., Partridge, R., Paolone, M., Piasetzky, E., Pomerantz, I., Qiang, Y., Riordan, S., Roblin, Y., Sawatzky, B., Schuster, P., Segal, J., Selvy, L., Shahinyan, A., Subedi, R., Sulkosky, V., Stepanyan, S., Toro, N., Walz, D., Wojtsekhowski, B., and Zhang, J.

Subjects
High Energy Physics - Experiment, High Energy Physics - Phenomenology, Nuclear Experiment
Abstract

We present a search at Jefferson Laboratory for new forces mediated by sub-GeV vector bosons with weak coupling $\alpha'$ to electrons. Such a particle $A'$ can be produced in electron-nucleus fixed-target scattering and then decay to an $e^+e^-$ pair, producing a narrow resonance in the QED trident spectrum. Using APEX test run data, we searched in the mass range 175--250 MeV, found no evidence for an $A'\to e^+e^-$ reaction, and set an upper limit of $\alpha'/\alpha \simeq 10^{-6}$. Our findings demonstrate that fixed-target searches can explore a new, wide, and important range of masses and couplings for sub-GeV forces., Comment: 5 pages, 5 figures, references added

Published
2011
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8. Measurements of the Electric Form Factor of the Neutron up to Q2=3.4 GeV2 using the Reaction He3(e,e'n)pp

Author

Riordan, S., Abrahamyan, S., Craver, B., Kelleher, A., Kolarkar, A., Miller, J., Cates, G. D., Liyanage, N., Wojtsekhowski, B., Acha, A., Allada, K., Anderson, B., Aniol, K. A., Annand, J. R. M., Arrington, J., Averett, T., Beck, A., Bellis, M., Boeglin, W., Breuer, H., Calarco, J. R., Camsonne, A., Chen, J. P., Chudakov, E., Coman, L., Crowe, B., Cusanno, F., Day, D., Degtyarenko, P., Dolph, P. A. M., Dutta, C., Ferdi, C., Fernandez-Ramirez, C., Feuerbach, R., Fraile, L. M., Franklin, G., Frullani, S., Fuchs, S., Garibaldi, F., Gevorgyan, N., Gilman, R., Glamazdin, A., Gomez, J., Grimm, K., Hansen, J. O., Herraiz, J. L., Higinbotham, D. W., Holmes, R., Holmstrom, T., Howell, D., deJager, C. W., Jiang, X., Jones, M. K., Katich, J., Kaufman, L. J., Khandaker, M., Kelly, J. J., Kiselev, D., Korsch, W., LeRose, J., Lindgren, R., Markowitz, P., Margaziotis, D. J., Beck, S. May-Tal, Mayilyan, S., McCormick, K., Meziani, Z. E., Michaels, R., Moffit, B., Nanda, S., Nelyubin, V., Ngo, T., Nikolenko, D. M., Norum, B., Pentchev, L., Perdrisat, C. F., Piasetzky, E., Pomatsalyuk, R., Protopopescu, D., Puckett, A. J. R., Punjabi, V. A., Qian, X., Qiang, Y., Quinn, B., Rachek, I., Ransome, R. D., Reimer, P. E., Reitz, B., Roche, J., Ron, G., Rondon, O., Rosner, G., Saha, A., Sargsian, M., Sawatzky, B., Segal, J., Shabestari, M., Shahinyan, A., Shestakov, Yu., Singh, J., Sirca, S., Souder, P., Stepanyan, S., Stibunov, V., Sulkosky, V., Tajima, S., Tobias, W. A., Udias, J. M., Urciuoli, G. M., Vlahovic, B., Voskanyan, H., Wang, K., Wesselmann, F. R., Vignote, J. R., Wood, S. A., Wright, J., Yao, H., and Zhu, X.

Subjects
Nuclear Experiment
Abstract

The electric form factor of the neutron was determined from studies of the reaction He3(e,e'n)pp in quasi-elastic kinematics in Hall A at Jefferson Lab. Longitudinally polarized electrons were scattered off a polarized target in which the nuclear polarization was oriented perpendicular to the momentum transfer. The scattered electrons were detected in a magnetic spectrometer in coincidence with neutrons that were registered in a large-solid-angle detector. More than doubling the Q2-range over which it is known, we find GEn = 0.0225 +/- 0.0017 (stat) +/- 0.0024 (syst), 0.0200 +/- 0.0023 +/- 0.0018, and 0.0142 +/- 0.0019 +/- 0.0013 for Q2 = 1.72, 2.48, and 3.41 GeV2, respectively., Comment: submitted to PRL

Published
2010
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10. Puzzle with the precession of the neutron spin

Author

Sulkosky, V., Peng, C., Chen, J.-P., Deur, A., Abrahamyan, S., Aniol, K.A., Armstrong, D.S., Averett, T., Bailey, S.L., Beck, A., Bertin, P., Butaru, F., Boeglin, W., Camsonne, A., Cates, G.D., Chang, C.C., Choi, Seonho, Chudakov, E., Coman, L., Cornejo, J.C., Craver, B., Cusanno, F., De Leo, R., De Jager, C.W., Denton, J.D., Dhamija, S., Feuerbach, R., Finn, J.M., Frullani, S., Fuoti, K., Gao, H., Garibaldi, F., Gayou, O., Gilman, R., Glamazdin, A., Glashausser, C., Gomez, J., Hansen, J.-O., Hayes, D., Hersman, B., Higinbotham, D.W., Holmstrom, T., Humensky, T.B., Hyde, C.E., Ibrahim, H., Iodice, M., Jiang, X., Kaufman, L.J., Kelleher, A., Keister, K.E., Kim, W., Kolarkar, A., Kolb, N., Korsch, W., Kramer, K., Kumbartzki, G., Lagamba, L., Laine, V., Laveissiere, G., LeRose, J.J., Lhuillier, D., Lindgren, R., Liyanage, N., Lu, H.-J., Ma, B., Margaziotis, D.J., Markowitz, P., McCormick, K., Meziane, M., Meziani, Z.-E., Michaels, R., Moffit, B., Monaghan, P., Nanda, S., Niedziela, J., Niskin, M., Pandolfi, R., Paschke, K.D., Potokar, M., Puckett, A., Punjabi, V.A., Qiang, Y., Ransome, R., Reitz, B., Roche, R., Saha, A., Shabetai, Alexandre, Sirca, S., Singh, J.T., Slifer, K., Snyder, R., Solvignon, P., Stringer, R., Subedi, R., Tobias, W.A., Ton, N., Ulmer, P.E., Urciuoli, G.M., Vacheret, A., Voutier, E., Wang, K., Wan, L., Wojtsekhowski, B., Woo, S., Yao, H., Yuan, J., Zhan, X., Zheng, X., Zhu, L., HEP, INSPIRE, Laboratoire de Physique de Clermont (LPC), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA), Département de Physique Nucléaire (ex SPhN) (DPHN), Institut de Recherches sur les lois Fondamentales de l'Univers (IRFU), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay, Laboratoire de Physique Subatomique et de Cosmologie (LPSC), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP ), Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), and E97-110

Subjects
spin: precession, [PHYS.NEXP] Physics [physics]/Nuclear Experiment [nucl-ex], nucleon: structure, strong interaction, Nuclear Theory, [PHYS.NEXP]Physics [physics]/Nuclear Experiment [nucl-ex], nonperturbative, spin: polarizability, momentum transfer: low, electromagnetic field, effective field theory: chiral, Nuclear Experiment, n: spin, experimental results, Jefferson Lab
Abstract

Understanding the structure of the nucleon (proton and neutron) is a critical problem in physics. Especially challenging is to understand the spin structure when the Strong Interaction becomes truly strong. At energy scales below the nucleon mass (~1 GeV), the intense interactions of the quarks and gluons inside the nucleon makes them highly correlated. Their coherent behavior causes the emergence of effective hadronic degrees of freedom (hadrons are composite particles made of quarks and gluons) which are necessary to understand the nucleon properties. Theoretically studying this subject requires approaches employing non-perturbative techniques or using hadronic degrees of freedom, e.g. chiral effective field theory (chiEFT). Here, we present measurements sensitive to the neutron's spin precession under electromagnetic fields. The observables, the generalized spin-polarizabilities delta_LT and gamma_0, which quantify the nucleon spin's precession, were measured at very low energy-momentum transfer squared Q^2 corresponding to probing distances of the size of the nucleon. Our Q^2 values match the domain where chiEFT calculations are expected to be applicable. The calculations have been conducted to high degrees of sophistication, including that of the so-called "gold-plated" observable, delta_LT. Surprisingly however, our data show a strong discrepancy with the chiEFT calculations. This presents a challenge to the current description of the neutron's spin properties.

Published
2021

13. Measurement of the 3He spin-structure functions and of neutron (3He) spin-dependent sum rules at 0.035 ≤ Q2 ≤ 0.24 GeV2

Author

Sulkosky, V., Singh, J.T., Peng, C., Chen, J.-P., Deur, A., Abrahamyan, S., Aniol, K.A., Armstrong, D.S., Averett, T., Bailey, S.L., Beck, A., Bertin, P., Butaru, F., Boeglin, W., Camsonne, A., Cates, G.D., Chang, C.C., Choi, Seonho, Chudakov, E., Coman, L., Cornejo, J.C., Craver, B., Cusanno, F., De Leo, R., de Jager, C.W., Denton, J.D., Dhamija, S., Feuerbach, R., Finn, J.M., Frullani, S., Fuoti, K., Gao, H., Garibaldi, F., Gayou, O., Gilman, R., Glamazdin, A., Glashausser, C., Gomez, J., Hansen, J.-O., Hayes, D., Hersman, B., Higinbotham, D.W., Holmstrom, T., Humensky, T.B., Hyde, C.E., Ibrahim, H., Iodice, M., Jiang, X., Kaufman, L.J., Kelleher, A., Keister, K.E., Kim, W., Kolarkar, A., Kolb, N., Korsch, W., Kramer, K., Kumbartzki, G., Lagamba, L., Lainé, V., Laveissiere, G., Lerose, J.J., Lhuillier, D., Lindgren, R., Liyanage, N., Lu, H.-J., Ma, B., Margaziotis, D.J., Markowitz, P., McCormick, K., Meziane, M., Meziani, Z.-E., Michaels, R., Moffit, B., Monaghan, P., Nanda, S., Niedziela, J., Niskin, M., Pandolfi, R., Paschke, K.D., Potokar, M., Puckett, A.J.R., Punjabi, V.A., Qiang, Y., Ransome, R., Reitz, B., Roché, R., Saha, A., Shabetai, A., Širca, S., Slifer, K., Snyder, R., Solvignon, P., Stringer, R., Subedi, R., Tobias, W.A., Ton, N., Ulmer, P.E., Urciuoli, G.M., Vacheret, A., Voutier, E., Wang, K., Wan, L., Wojtsekhowski, B., Woo, S., Yao, H., Yuan, J., Zhan, X., Zheng, X., and Zhu, L.

Published
2020
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14. Measurement of the He spin-structure functions and of neutron ( He) spin-dependent sum rules at 0.035 ≤ ≤ 0.24 GeV

Author

Sulkosky, V., Singh, J.T., Peng, C., Chen, J.P., Deur, A., Abrahamyan, S., Aniol, K.A., Armstrong, D.S., Averett, T., Bailey, S.L., Beck, A., Bertin, P., Butaru, F., Boeglin, W., Camsonne, A., Cates, G.D., Chang, C.C., Choi, Seonho, Chudakov, E., Coman, L., Cornejo, J.C., Craver, B., Cusanno, F., De Leo, R., de Jager, C.W., Denton, J.D., Dhamija, S., Feuerbach, R., Finn, J.M., Frullani, S., Fuoti, K., Gao, H., Garibaldi, F., Gayou, O., Gilman, R., Glamazdin, A., Glashausser, C., Gomez, J., Hansen, J.O., Hayes, D., Hersman, B., Higinbotham, D.W., Holmstrom, T., Humensky, T.B., Hyde, C.E., Ibrahim, H., Iodice, M., Jiang, X., Kaufman, L.J., Kelleher, A., Keister, K.E., Kim, W., Kolarkar, A., Kolb, N., Korsch, W., Kramer, K., Kumbartzki, G., Lagamba, L., Lainé, V., Laveissiere, G., Lerose, J.J., Lhuillier, D., Lindgren, R., Liyanage, N., Lu, H.J., Ma, B., Margaziotis, D.J., Markowitz, P., McCormick, K., Meziane, M., Meziani, Z.E., Michaels, R., Moffit, B., Monaghan, P., Nanda, S., Niedziela, J., Niskin, M., Pandolfi, R., Paschke, K.D., Potokar, M., Puckett, A.J.R., Punjabi, V.A., Qiang, Y., Ransome, R., Reitz, B., Roché, R., Saha, A., Shabetai, A., Širca, S., Slifer, K., Snyder, R., Solvignon, P., Stringer, R., Subedi, R., Tobias, W.A., Ton, N., Ulmer, P.E., Urciuoli, G.M., Vacheret, A., Voutier, E., Wang, K., Wan, L., Wojtsekhowski, B., Woo, S., Yao, H., Yuan, J., Zhan, X., Zheng, X., and Zhu, L.

Abstract

The spin-structure functions g1 and g2, and the spin-dependent partial cross-section σTT have been extracted from the polarized cross-sections differences, Δσ∥(ν,Q2) and Δσ⊥(ν,Q2) measured for the He3→(e→,e′)X reaction, in the E97-110 experiment at Jefferson Lab. Polarized electrons with energies from 1.147 to 4.404 GeV were scattered at angles of 6∘ and 9∘ from a longitudinally or transversely polarized $^{3}$He target. The data cover the kinematic regions of the quasi-elastic, resonance production and beyond. From the extracted spin-structure functions, the first moments Γ1‾(Q2), Γ2(Q2) and ITT(Q2) are evaluated with high precision for the neutron in the Q2 range from 0.035 to 0.24GeV2. The comparison of the data and the chiral effective field theory predictions reveals the importance of proper treatment of the Δ degree of freedom for spin observables.

Published
2020

17. Measurement of the 3He Spin-Structure Functions and of Neutron (3He) Spin-Dependent Sum Rules at 0.035

Author

Sulkosky, V., Singh, J. T., Peng, C., Chen, J. -P., Deur, A., Abrahamyan, S., Aniol, K. A., Armstrong, D. S., Averett, T., Bailey, S. L., Beck, A., Bertin, P., Butaru, F., Boeglin, W., Camsonne, A., Cates, G. D., Chang, C. C., Choi, Seonho, Chudakov, E., Coman, L., Cornejo, J. C, Craver, B., Cusanno, F., De Leo, R., de Jager, C. W., Denton, J. D., Dhamija, S., Feuerbach, R., Finn, J. M., Frullani, S., Fuoti, K., Gao, H., Garibaldi, F., Gayou, O., Gilman, R., Glamazdin, A., Glashausser, C., Gomez, J., Hansen, J. -O., Hayes, D., Hersman, B., Higinbotham, D. W., Holmstrom, T., Humensky, T. B., Hyde, C. E., Ibrahim, H., Iodice, M., Jiang, X., Kaufman, L. J., Kelleher, A., Keister, K. E., Kim, W., Kolarkar, A., Kolb, N., Korsch, W., Kramer, K., Kumbartzki, G., Lagamba, L., Laine, V., Laveissiere, G., Lerose, J. J., Lhuillier, D., Lindgren, R., Liyanage, N., Lu, H. -J., Ma, B., Margaziotis, D. J., Markowitz, P., McCormick, K., Meziane, M., Meziani, Z. -E., Michaels, R., Moffit, B., Monaghan, P., Nanda, S., Niedziela, J., Niskin, M., Pandolfi, R., Paschke, K. D., Potokar, M., Puckett, A., Punjabi, V. A., Qiang, Y., Ransome, R., Reitz, B., Roche, R., Saha, A., Shabetai, A., Sirca, S., Slifer, K., Snyder, R., Solvignon, P., Stringer, R., Subedi, R., Tobias, W. A., Ton, N., Ulmer, P. E., Urciuoli, G. M., Vacheret, A., Voutier, E., Wang, K., Wan, L., Wojtsekhowski, B., Woo, S., Yao, H., Yuan, J., Zhan, X., Zheng, X., and Zhu, L.

Subjects
High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex), FOS: Physical sciences, Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
Abstract

The spin-structure functions $g_1$ and $g_2$, and the spin-dependent partial cross-section $��_\mathrm{TT}$ have been extracted from the polarized cross-sections differences, $����_{\parallel}\hspace{-0.06cm}\left(��,Q^{2}\right)$ and $����_{\perp}\hspace{-0.06cm}\left(��,Q^{2}\right)$ measured for the $\vec{^\textrm{3}\textrm{He}}(\vec{\textrm{e}},\textrm{e}')\textrm{X}$ reaction, in the E97-110 experiment at Jefferson Lab. Polarized electrons with energies from 1.147 to 4.404 GeV were scattered at angles of 6$^{\circ}$ and 9$^{\circ}$ from a longitudinally or transversely polarized $^{3}$He target. The data cover the kinematic regions of the quasi-elastic, resonance production and beyond. From the extracted spin-structure functions, the first moments $\overline{��_1}\hspace{-0.06cm}\left(Q^{2}\right)$, $��_2\hspace{-0.06cm}\left(Q^{2}\right)$ and $I_{\mathrm{TT}}\hspace{-0.06cm}\left(Q^{2}\right)$ are evaluated with high precision for the neutron in the $Q^2$ range from 0.035 to 0.24~GeV$^{2}$. The comparison of the data and the chiral effective field theory predictions reveals the importance of proper treatment of the $��$ degree of freedom for spin observables., 7 pages, 5 figures, 3 tables. Version published in Phys. Lett. B

Published
2019
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19. Measurement of the Neutron Radius of Pb-208 through Parity Violation in Electron Scattering

Author

Abrahamyan, S, Ahmed, Z, Albataineh, H, Aniol, K, Armstrong, Ds, Armstrong, W, Averett, T, Babineau, B, Barbieri, A, Bellini, Vincenzo, Beminiwattha, R, Benesch, J, Benmokhtar, F, Bielarski, T, Boeglin, W, Camsonne, A, Canan, M, Carter, P, Cates, Gd, Chen, C, Chen, Jp, Hen, O, Cusanno, F, Dalton, Mm, De, Le, R, de Jager, K, Deconinck, W, Decowski, P, Deng, X, Deur, A, Dutta, D, Etile, A, Flay, D, Franklin, Gb, Friend, M, Frullani, S, Fuchey, E, Garibaldi, F, Gasser, E, Gilman, R, Giusa, A, Glamazdin, A, Gomez, J, Grames, J, Gu, C, Hansen, O, Hansknecht, J, Higinbotham, Dw, Holmes, Rs, Holmstrom, T, Horowitz, Cj, Hoskins, J, Huang, J, Hyde, Ce, Itard, F, Jen, Cm, Jensen, E, Jin, G, Johnston, S, Kelleher, A, Kliakhandler, K, King, Pm, Kowalski, S, Kumar, Ks, Leacock, J, Leckey, J, Lee, Jh, Lerose, Jj, Lindgren, R, Liyanage, N, Lubinsky, N, Mammei, J, Mammoliti, Francesco, Margaziotis, Dj, Markowitz, P, Mccreary, A, Mcnulty, D, Mercado, L, Meziani, Ze, Michaels, Rw, Mihovilovic, M, Muangma, N, Munoz Camacho, C, Nanda, S, Nelyubin, V, Nuruzzaman, N, Oh, Y, Palmer, A, Parno, D, Paschke, Kd, Phillips, Sk, Poelker, B, Pomatsalyuk, R, Posik, M, Puckett, Ajr, Quinn, B, Rakhman, A, Reimer, Pe, Riordan, S, Rogan, P, Ron, G, Russo, Giuseppe, Saenboonruang, K, Saha, A, Sawatzky, B, Shahinyan, A, Silwal, R, Sirca, S, Slifer, K, Solvignon, P, Souder, Pa, Sperduto, Ml, Subedi, R, Suleiman, R, Sulkosky, V, Sutera, CONCETTA MARIA, Tobias, Wa, Troth, W, Urciuoli, Gm, Waidyawansa, B, Wang, D, Wexler, J, Wilson, R, Wojtsekhowski, B, Yan, X, Yao, H, Ye, Y, Ye, Z, Yim, V, Zana, L, Zhan, X, Zhang, J, Zhang, Y, Zheng, X, and PREX Collaboration, Zhu P.

Subjects
ELECTRON-SCATTERING, NUCLEI, DENSITIES
Published
2012

22. Search for a New Gauge Boson in Electron-Nucleus Fixed-Target Scattering by the APEX Experiment

Author

Abrahamyan, S., primary, Ahmed, Z., additional, Allada, K., additional, Anez, D., additional, Averett, T., additional, Barbieri, A., additional, Bartlett, K., additional, Beacham, J., additional, Bono, J., additional, Boyce, J. R., additional, Brindza, P., additional, Camsonne, A., additional, Cranmer, K., additional, Dalton, M. M., additional, de Jager, C. W., additional, Donaghy, J., additional, Essig, R., additional, Field, C., additional, Folts, E., additional, Gasparian, A., additional, Goeckner-Wald, N., additional, Gomez, J., additional, Graham, M., additional, Hansen, J.-O., additional, Higinbotham, D. W., additional, Holmstrom, T., additional, Huang, J., additional, Iqbal, S., additional, Jaros, J., additional, Jensen, E., additional, Kelleher, A., additional, Khandaker, M., additional, LeRose, J. J., additional, Lindgren, R., additional, Liyanage, N., additional, Long, E., additional, Mammei, J., additional, Markowitz, P., additional, Maruyama, T., additional, Maxwell, V., additional, Mayilyan, S., additional, McDonald, J., additional, Michaels, R., additional, Moffeit, K., additional, Nelyubin, V., additional, Odian, A., additional, Oriunno, M., additional, Partridge, R., additional, Paolone, M., additional, Piasetzky, E., additional, Pomerantz, I., additional, Qiang, Y., additional, Riordan, S., additional, Roblin, Y., additional, Sawatzky, B., additional, Schuster, P., additional, Segal, J., additional, Selvy, L., additional, Shahinyan, A., additional, Subedi, R., additional, Sulkosky, V., additional, Stepanyan, S., additional, Toro, N., additional, Walz, D., additional, Wojtsekhowski, B., additional, and Zhang, J., additional

Published
2011
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24. Measurements of the Electric Form Factor of the Neutron up toQ2=3.4GeV2Using the Reaction3He→(e→,e′n)pp

Author

Riordan, S., primary, Abrahamyan, S., additional, Craver, B., additional, Kelleher, A., additional, Kolarkar, A., additional, Miller, J., additional, Cates, G. D., additional, Liyanage, N., additional, Wojtsekhowski, B., additional, Acha, A., additional, Allada, K., additional, Anderson, B., additional, Aniol, K. A., additional, Annand, J. R. M., additional, Arrington, J., additional, Averett, T., additional, Beck, A., additional, Bellis, M., additional, Boeglin, W., additional, Breuer, H., additional, Calarco, J. R., additional, Camsonne, A., additional, Chen, J. P., additional, Chudakov, E., additional, Coman, L., additional, Crowe, B., additional, Cusanno, F., additional, Day, D., additional, Degtyarenko, P., additional, Dolph, P. A. M., additional, Dutta, C., additional, Ferdi, C., additional, Fernández-Ramírez, C., additional, Feuerbach, R., additional, Fraile, L. M., additional, Franklin, G., additional, Frullani, S., additional, Fuchs, S., additional, Garibaldi, F., additional, Gevorgyan, N., additional, Gilman, R., additional, Glamazdin, A., additional, Gomez, J., additional, Grimm, K., additional, Hansen, J.-O., additional, Herraiz, J. L., additional, Higinbotham, D. W., additional, Holmes, R., additional, Holmstrom, T., additional, Howell, D., additional, de Jager, C. W., additional, Jiang, X., additional, Jones, M. K., additional, Katich, J., additional, Kaufman, L. J., additional, Khandaker, M., additional, Kelly, J. J., additional, Kiselev, D., additional, Korsch, W., additional, LeRose, J., additional, Lindgren, R., additional, Markowitz, P., additional, Margaziotis, D. J., additional, Beck, S. May-Tal, additional, Mayilyan, S., additional, McCormick, K., additional, Meziani, Z.-E., additional, Michaels, R., additional, Moffit, B., additional, Nanda, S., additional, Nelyubin, V., additional, Ngo, T., additional, Nikolenko, D. M., additional, Norum, B., additional, Pentchev, L., additional, Perdrisat, C. F., additional, Piasetzky, E., additional, Pomatsalyuk, R., additional, Protopopescu, D., additional, Puckett, A. J. R., additional, Punjabi, V. A., additional, Qian, X., additional, Qiang, Y., additional, Quinn, B., additional, Rachek, I., additional, Ransome, R. D., additional, Reimer, P. E., additional, Reitz, B., additional, Roche, J., additional, Ron, G., additional, Rondon, O., additional, Rosner, G., additional, Saha, A., additional, Sargsian, M. M., additional, Sawatzky, B., additional, Segal, J., additional, Shabestari, M., additional, Shahinyan, A., additional, Shestakov, Yu., additional, Singh, J., additional, Širca, S., additional, Souder, P., additional, Stepanyan, S., additional, Stibunov, V., additional, Sulkosky, V., additional, Tajima, S., additional, Tobias, W. A., additional, Udias, J. M., additional, Urciuoli, G. M., additional, Vlahovic, B., additional, Voskanyan, H., additional, Wang, K., additional, Wesselmann, F. R., additional, Vignote, J. R., additional, Wood, S. A., additional, Wright, J., additional, Yao, H., additional, and Zhu, X., additional

Published
2010
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26. New Measurements of the Transverse Beam Asymmetry for Elastic Electron Scattering from Selected Nuclei.

Author

Abrahamyan, S., Acha, A., Afanasev, A., Ahmed, Z., Albataineh, H., Aniol, K., Armstrong, D.S., Armstrong, W., Arrington, J., Averett, T., Babineau, B., Bailey, S.L., Barber, J., Barbieri, A., Beck, A., Bellini, V., Beminiwattha, R., Benaoum, H., Benesch, J., and Benmokhtar, F.

Subjects
*ELASTIC scattering, *ELECTRON scattering, *HEAVY nuclei, *SCATTERING (Physics), *NUCLEAR structure
Abstract

We have measured the beam-normal single-spin asymmetry An in the elastic scattering of 1-3 GeV transversely polarized electrons from 1H and for the first time from 4He, 12C, and 208Pb. For 1H, 4He, and 12C, the measurements are in agreement with calculations that relate An to the imaginary part of the two-photon exchange amplitude including inelastic intermediate states. Surprisingly, the 208Pb result is significantly smaller than the corresponding prediction using the same formalism. These results suggest that a systematic set of new An measurements might emerge as a new and sensitive probe of the structure of heavy nuclei [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2012
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31. Complete Epstein-Barr virus seropositivity in a large cohort of patients with early multiple sclerosis.

Author

Abrahamyan S, Eberspächer B, Hoshi MM, Aly L, Luessi F, Groppa S, Klotz L, Meuth SG, Schroeder C, Grüter T, Tackenberg B, Paul F, Then-Bergh F, Kümpfel T, Weber F, Stangel M, Bayas A, Wildemann B, Heesen C, Zettl U, Warnke C, Antony G, Hessler N, Wiendl H, Bittner S, Hemmer B, Gold R, Salmen A, and Ruprecht K

Subjects
Adult, Female, Germany, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Multiple Sclerosis blood, Registries, Retrospective Studies, Seroepidemiologic Studies, Antibodies, Viral blood, Herpesvirus 4, Human immunology, Multiple Sclerosis immunology
Abstract

Objective: To determine the prevalence of antibodies to Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) in a large cohort of patients with early multiple sclerosis (MS)., Methods: Serum samples were collected from 901 patients with a clinically isolated syndrome (CIS) or early relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS) participating in the German National MS cohort, a prospective cohort of patients with early MS with stringent inclusion criteria. Epstein-Barr nuclear antigen (EBNA)-1 and viral capsid antigen (VCA) antibodies were measured in diluted sera by chemiluminescence immunoassays (CLIAs). Sera of EBNA-1 and VCA antibody-negative patients were retested undiluted by an EBV IgG immunoblot. For comparison, we retrospectively analysed the EBV seroprevalence across different age cohorts, ranging from 0 to >80 years, in a large hospital population (N=16 163) from Berlin/Northern Germany., Results: EBNA-1 antibodies were detected by CLIA in 839 of 901 patients with CIS/RRMS. Of the 62 patients without EBNA-1 antibodies, 45 had antibodies to VCA as detected by CLIA. In all of the remaining 17 patients, antibodies to EBV were detected by immunoblot. Altogether, 901 of 901 (100%) patients with CIS/RRMS were EBV-seropositive. EBV seropositivity increased with age in the hospital population but did not reach 100% in any of the investigated age cohorts., Conclusion: The complete EBV seropositivity in this large cohort of patients with early MS strengthens the evidence for a role of EBV in MS. It also suggests that a negative EBV serology in patients with suspected inflammatory central nervous system disease should alert clinicians to consider diagnoses other than MS., Competing Interests: Competing interests: SA reports no disclosures. BE reports no disclosures. M-MH received travel expenses from Bayer Health Care and honoraria for an advisory board from Merck Serono GmbH. LA reports no disclosures. FL serves as an advisory board member for Roche Pharma and has received travel grants from Teva Pharma. SG reports no disclosures. LK received compensation for serving on scientific advisory boards (Genzyme, Novartis Pharma); speaker honoraria and travel support (CSL Behring, Merck Serono, Roche, Novartis Pharma); research support (Biogen, Novartis Pharma). SGM receives honoraria for lecturing, and travel expenses for attending meetings from Almirall, Amicus Therapeutics Germany, Bayer Health Care, Biogen, Celgene, Diamed, Genzyme, MedDay Pharmaceuticals, Merck Serono, Novartis, Novo Nordisk, ONO Pharma, Roche, Sanofi-Aventis, Chugai Pharma, QuintilesIMS and Teva. His research is funded by the German Ministry for Education and Research (BMBF), Bundesinstitut für Risikobewertung (BfR), Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG), Else Kröner Fresenius Foundation, Gemeinsamer Bundesausschuss (G-BA), German Academic Exchange Service, Hertie Foundation, Interdisciplinary Center for Clinical Studies (IZKF) Muenster, German Foundation Neurology and Alexion, Almirall, Amicus Therapeutics Germany, Biogen, Diamed, Fresenius Medical Care, Genzyme, HERZ Burgdorf, Merck Serono, Novartis, ONO Pharma, Roche, and Teva.CS reports no disclosures.TG received travel reimbursement from Biogen Idec; not related to this work. BT received personal speaker honoraria and consultancy fees as a speaker and advisor from Bayer Healthcare, Biogen, CSL Behring, GRIFOLS, Merck Serono, Novartis, Octapharma, Roche, Sanofi Genzyme, TEVA und UCB Pharma. His University received unrestricted research grants from Biogen-idec, Novartis, TEVA, Bayer Healthcare, CSL-Behring, GRIFOLS, Octapharma, Sanofi Genzyme und UCB Pharma; none related to this work.FP serves on the scientific advisory board for Novartis; received speaker honoraria and travel funding from Bayer, Novartis, Biogen Idec, Teva, Sanofi-Aventis/Genzyme, Merck Serono, Alexion, Chugai, MedImmune, and Shire; is an academic editor for PLoS ONE; is an associate editor for Neurology® Neuroimmunology & Neuroinflammation; consulted for SanofiGenzyme, Biogen Idec, MedImmune, Shire, and Alexion; and received research support from Bayer, Novartis, Biogen Idec, Teva, Sanofi-Aventis/Genzyme, Alexion, Merck Serono, German Research Council, Werth Stiftung of the City of Cologne, German Ministry of Education and Research, Arthur Arnstein Stiftung Berlin, EU FP7 Framework Program, Guthy Jackson Charitable Foundation, and National Multiple Sclerosis of the USA; none related to this work. FTB received personal compensation for speaking and attending advisory boards from Actelion, Bayer, Biogen, Genzyme, Merck, Novartis, Teva and Roche; financial support, through his institution, to attend scientific meetings or for investigator initiated studies from Actelion, Bayer, Biogen, Genzyme, Merck, Novartis and Teva. TK received travel expenses and personal compensations from Bayer Healthcare, Teva Pharma, Merck-Serono, Novartis, Sanofi-Aventis/Genzyme, Roche and Biogen, as well as grant support from Bayer-Schering AG, Novartis and Chugai Pharma; and none related to this work. FW received honoraria from Genzyme, Novartis, TEVA, Bayer and Biogen for speaking or for serving on a scientific advisory board, a travel grant for the attention of a scientific meeting from Merck-Serono and Novartis and grant support from Merck-Serono, Novartis and from the Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF, Projects Biobanking and Omics in ControlMS as part of the Competence Network Multiple Sclerosis). MS received honoraria for scientific lectures or consultancy from Bayer Healthcare, Biogen, Baxter/Baxalta, CSL Behring, Euroimmune, Grifols, Merck-Serono, Novartis, Roche, Sanofi-Aventis, and Teva. His institution received research support from Bayer Healthcare, Biogen Idec, Genzyme, Merck-Serono, Novartis, and Teva; and none related to this work. AB received personal compensation from Merck Serono, Biogen, Bayer, Novartis, TEVA, Roche, Sanofi/Genzyme, Celgene, Alexion and grants for congress trips and participation from Biogen, TEVA, Novartis, Sanofi/Genzyme, Merck Serono, Celgene; none related to this work. BW reports grants from Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft, grants from Bundesministerium für Forschung und Technologie, grants from Dietmar Hopp Stiftung, grants from Klaus Tschira Stiftung, grants and personal fees from Merck Serono, personal fees from Biogen, personal fees from Bayer Healthcare, personal fees from TEVA, grants and personal fees from Novartis, grants and personal fees from Sanofi Genzyme, personal fees from Roche, outside the submitted work. CH received research grants and speaker honoraria from Biogen, Genzyme, Roche, and Merck; none related to this work. UKZ received speaker fees from Aventis, Almirall, Biogen, Bayer, Merck, Novartis, Roche, and Teva. CW has received institutional fees for consultancy, speaking, or research from Novartis, Biogen, Sanofi-Genzyme and Roche. GA reports no disclosures.NH reports no disclosures.HW receives honoraria for acting as a member of scientific advisory boards and as a consultant for Biogen, Evgen, MedDay Pharmaceuticals, Merck Serono, Novartis, Roche Pharma AG, Sanofi-Genzyme, as well as speaker honoraria and travel support from Alexion, Biogen, Cognomed, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd, Gemeinnützige Hertie-Stiftung, Merck Serono, Novartis, Roche Pharma AG, Sanofi-Genzyme, TEVA, and WebMD Global. Professor Wiendl is acting as a paid consultant for Abbvie, Actelion, Biogen, IGES, Novartis, Roche, Sanofi-Genzyme, and the Swiss Multiple Sclerosis Society. His research is funded by the BMBF, DFG, Else Kröner Fresenius Foundation, Fresenius Foundation, Hertie Foundation, NRW Ministry of Education and Research, Interdisciplinary Center for Clinical Studies (IZKF) Muenster and RE Children’s Foundation, Biogen GmbH, GlaxoSmithKline GmbH, and Roche Pharma AG, Sanofi-Genzyme. SB has received honoria and compensation for travel from Biogen Idec, Merck Serono, Novartis, Sanofi-Genzyme and Roche. BH served on scientific advisory boards for F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd, Novartis, Bayer AG, and Genentech; he has served as DMSC member for Allergy Care and TG Therapeutics; he or his institution have received speaker honoraria from Biogen Idec, Teva Neuroscience, Merck Serono, Medimmune, Novartis, Desitin, and F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd; his institution has received research support from Chugai Pharmaceuticals; holds part of two patents; one for the detection of antibodies and T cells against KIR4.1 in a subpopulation of patients with MS and one for genetic determinants of neutralizing antibodies to interferon β during the last 3 years. RG serves on scientific advisory boards for Teva Pharmaceutical Industries Ltd, Biogen Idec, Bayer Schering Pharma, and Novartis; has received speaker honoraria from Biogen Idec, Teva Pharmaceutical Industries Ltd., Bayer Schering Pharma, and Novartis; serves as editor for Therapeutic Advances in Neurological Diseases and on the editorial boards of Experimental Neurology and the Journal of Neuroimmunology; and receives research support from Teva Pharmaceutical Industries Ltd., Biogen Idec, Bayer Schering Pharma, Genzyme, Merck Serono, and Novartis; none related to this work. AS received speaker honoraria and/or travel compensation for activities with Almirall Hermal GmbH, Biogen, Merck, Novartis, Roche, and Sanofi Genzyme; none related to this work. KR received research support from Novartis, Merck Serono, German Ministry of Education and Research, European Union, Stiftung Charité (BIH Clinical Fellow), Arthur Arnstein Stiftung Berlin, as well as speaking fees and travel grants from Bayer Healthcare, Biogen Idec, Merck Serono, Sanofi-Aventis/Genzyme, Teva Pharmaceuticals, Roche, Novartis, and Guthy Jackson Charitable Foundation., (© Author(s) (or their employer(s)) 2020. Re-use permitted under CC BY-NC. No commercial re-use. See rights and permissions. Published by BMJ.)

Published
2020
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32. Open fire ovens and effects of in-home lavash bread baking on carbon monoxide exposure and carboxyhemoglobin levels among women in rural Armenia.

Author

Tadevosyan A, Mikulski MA, Baber Wallis A, Rubenstein L, Abrahamyan S, Arestakesyan L, Hovsepyan M, Reynolds SJ, and Fuortes LJ

Subjects
Armenia, Bread, Cooking methods, Cooking statistics & numerical data, Female, Humans, Rural Population, Air Pollution, Indoor statistics & numerical data, Carbon Monoxide analysis, Carboxyhemoglobin metabolism, Environmental Exposure statistics & numerical data
Abstract

Lavash is a traditional flatbread commonly baked at home by women in Armenia and other Middle Eastern and Caucasus countries. The baking process follows centuries' old recipes and is done primarily in open fire ovens. Data are limited regarding the impact of baking on indoor air quality and health outcomes. This study aimed at assessing the effects of lavash baking on household air pollution and cardiovascular outcomes among women who bake lavash in rural Armenia. A convenience sample of 98 bakers, all women, never-smokers, representing 36 households were enrolled. Carbon monoxide (CO) concentrations and carboxyhemoglobin (COHb) levels were monitored before, during, and/or after baking. As expected, exposure to concentrations of CO peaking at/or above 35-ppm during baking was more likely to occur in homes with fully enclosed and poorly ventilated baking rooms, compared to those with three or fewer walls and/or one or more windows. Bakers in homes where CO concentrations peaked at/or above 35-ppm were more likely to have an increase in post-baking COHb levels compared to those in homes with lower CO concentrations., (© 2019 John Wiley & Sons A/S. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.)

Published
2020
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33. Toll like receptors TLR1/2, TLR6 and MUC5B as binding interaction partners with cytostatic proline rich polypeptide 1 in human chondrosarcoma.

Author

Galoian K, Abrahamyan S, Chailyan G, Qureshi A, Patel P, Metser G, Moran A, Sahakyan I, Tumasyan N, Lee A, Davtyan T, Chailyan S, and Galoyan A

Subjects
Antimicrobial Cationic Peptides, Bone Neoplasms genetics, Bone Neoplasms pathology, Cell Line, Tumor, Chondrosarcoma genetics, Chondrosarcoma pathology, Humans, Immunohistochemistry, Peptides pharmacology, Protein Binding, Toll-Like Receptors biosynthesis, Toll-Like Receptors genetics, Up-Regulation drug effects, Bone Neoplasms metabolism, Chondrosarcoma metabolism, Mucin-5B metabolism, Peptides metabolism, Toll-Like Receptors metabolism
Abstract

Metastatic chondrosarcoma is a bone malignancy not responsive to conventional therapies; new approaches and therapies are urgently needed. We have previously reported that mTORC1 inhibitor, antitumorigenic cytostatic proline rich polypeptide 1 (PRP-1), galarmin caused a significant upregulation of tumor suppressors including TET1/2 and SOCS3 (known to be involved in inflammatory processes), downregulation of oncoproteins and embryonic stem cell marker miR-302C and its targets Nanog, c-Myc and Bmi-1 in human chondrosarcoma. To understand better the mechanism of PRP-1 action it was very important to identify the receptor it binds to. Nuclear pathway receptor and GPCR assays indicated that PRP-1 receptors are not G protein coupled, neither do they belong to family of nuclear or orphan receptors. In the present study, we have demonstrated that PRP-1 binding interacting partners belong to innate immunity pattern recognition toll like receptors TLR1/2 and TLR6 and gel forming secreted mucin MUC5B. MUC5B was identified as PRP-1 receptor in human chondrosarcoma JJ012 cell line using Ligand-receptor capture technology. Toll like receptors TLR1/2 and TLR6 were identified as binding interaction partners with PRP-1 by western blot analysis in human chondrosarcoma JJ012 cell line lysates. Immunocytochemistry experiments confirmed the finding and indicated the localization of PRP-1 receptors in the tumor nucleus predominantly. TLR1/2, TLR6 and MUC5B were downregulated in human chondrosarcoma and upregulated in dose-response manner upon PRP-1 treatment. Experimental data indicated that in this cellular context the mentioned receptors had tumor suppressive function.

Published
2018
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34. Effect of cytostatic proline rich polypeptide-1 on tumor suppressors of inflammation pathway signaling in chondrosarcoma.

Author

Galoian K, Luo S, Qureshi A, Patel P, Price R, Morse AS, Chailyan G, Abrahamyan S, and Temple HT

Abstract

Cytokines produced in the tumour microenvironment exert an important role in cancer pathogenesis and in the inhibition of disease progression. Cancer of the cartilage is termed metastatic chondrosarcoma; however, the signaling events resulting in mesenchymal cell transformation to sarcoma have yet to be fully elucidated. The present study aimed to characterize the cytokine expression profile in the human JJ012 chondrosarcoma cell line, as well as the effect of cytostatic proline-rich polypeptide-1 (PRP-1). Western blot experiments demonstrated that the levels of suppressor of cytokine signaling 3 (SOCS3) were upregulated in chondrocytes compared with chondrosarcoma cells. Addition of PRP-1 restored the expression of the tumor suppressors, SOCS3 and ten-eleven-translocation methylcytosine dioxygenase 1 and 2 (TET1/2), in a dose-responsive manner. It is known that methylation of histone H3K9 was eliminated from the promoters of the inflammation-associated genes. PRP-1 inhibited H3K9 demethylase activity with an IC 50 (concentration required to give half-maximal inhibition) value of 3.72 µg/ml in the chondrosarcoma cell line. Data obtained from ELISA experiments indicated that the expression of interleukin-6 (IL-6) in chondrosarcoma cells was 86-fold lower compared with that in C28 chondrocytes. In the present study, a 53-fold downregulation of IL-6 expression in co-culture of chondrosarcoma cells and C28 chondrocytes was identified as well. Downregulation of IL-6 expression has been documented in numerous other tumor types, although the reasons for this have not been fully established. In chondrosarcoma, IL-6 manifests itself as an anti-inflammatory agent and, possibly, as an anti-tumorigenic factor. To explore protein-DNA interactions leading to such differences, a gel-shift chemiluminescent assay was performed. Gel shifts were observed for chondrosarcoma and chondrocytes in the lanes that contained nuclear cell extract and oligo-IL-6 DNA. Notably, the DNA-protein complexes in C28 chondrocytes were markedly larger compared with those in chondrosarcoma cells. The mechanisms that underpin such differences, and characterization of the interacting proteins, remain to be fully elucidated.

Published
2016
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35. Immunohistochemical study of immunophilin 1-15 fragment in intact frog brain, and in the brain and spinal cord of intact and spinal cord hemisectioned rats.

Author

Abrahamyan SS, Meliksetyan IB, Sulkhanyan RM, Sarkissian JS, and Galoyan AA

Subjects
Animals, Capillaries innervation, Immunohistochemistry, Immunophilins analysis, Male, Nerve Fibers metabolism, Neuropeptide Y metabolism, Rats, Rats, Inbred Strains, Brain enzymology, Immunophilins metabolism, Peptide Fragments analysis, Spinal Cord enzymology, Spinal Cord Injuries enzymology
Abstract

Previously by immunohistochemical technique the distribution of immunophilin 1-15 fragment (IphF) isolated from bovine hypothalamus was examined in various tissues (heart, lung), including immune system organs (spleen and thymus) of intact rats. IphF-like immunoreactivity (IphF-LI) was revealed in several cell types: lymphocytes, monocytes, macrophages and mast cells. In the present study the immunohistochemical localization of IphF was examined in intact rat and frog brains. In rat brain several cell groups concentrated particularly in the supraoptic nucleus (SON) of hypothalamus, medulla oblongata (reticular formation, olives, hypoglossal and facial motor nuclei) and cerebellum (lateral cerebellar nucleus) demonstrated IphF-LI. In frog hypothalamus (SON) the same working dilution (1:5000) of IphF-antiserum revealed very strong immunoreactivity. In the paraventricular nucleus (PVN) IphF-LI varicosities were scattered around the immunonegative cells. The second cell groups showing IphF-LI in the frog brain were gliocytes (mainly the astrocytes). Besides, IphF distribution was investigated in rats subjected to hemisection of spinal cord (SC) with and without administration of proline-rich polypeptide (PRP). PRP was isolated from bovine neurohypophysis neurosecretory granules, produced by magnocellular nuclei of hypothalamus. Hemisection of SC led to changes of IphF distribution in the hypothalamus. In PRP treated animals IphF showed no immunoreactivity. PRP is suggested to act as a neurotransmitter and neuroregulator.

Published
2001
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