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In species with parental care behaviors, parents may adjust the intensity and duration of their care if fluctuation in factors such as environmental variables or body condition affects offspring survival. In the face of environmental changes, many egg-laying species remain with their clutch for extended periods if this behavioral adjustment provides tangible benefits to the offspring. However, the length of time parents stay with the offspring may also differ depending on the individual’s body condition. In the glass frog family (Centrolenidae), several species exhibit long-term egg attendance in which they remain with their clutch for several days after oviposition takes place. For some of them, changes in environmental variables lead to increased parental care efforts. For the species in which parents remain with their offspring for a short period (less than 24 hours), it is less clear if this constitutes parenting behavior, and whether parents adjust their efforts as a function of environmental change or the parent’s body condition remains unexplored. We studied a population of the Emerald Glass Frog, Espadarana prosoblepon, a species that exhibits a short period of quiescence after oviposition (less than three hours). Our study aimed to determine whether females alter the length of their post-oviposition quiescence period in response to changes in environmental variables (i.e., temperature, humidity, rainfall, and mean wind speed) or female body condition. Pairs in amplexus were captured in the field and transported to semi-natural enclosures to record the duration of post-oviposition quiescence using infrared cameras. Females’ post-oviposition quiescence lasted an average of 67.4 ± 26.6 min (range = 22.7–158.3 min). We did not find a significant relationship between the duration of the post-oviposition quiescence and any of the environmental variables tested. Similarly, post-oviposition quiescence duration was not influenced by female body condition. Because the variation observed in the duration of post-oviposition quiescence was not related to changes in extrinsic (environmental) or intrinsic (body condition) factors, we found no evidence that females of E. prosoblepon modify their post-oviposition behavior in response to any of the variables examined in this study. Future research investigating the adaptive significance of the post-oviposition quiescence observed in this species is needed to understand how this behavior is related to parental care efforts.

Background: The burden of wasting among under five children in India, has not reduced in the last decade. Objectives: We used child-level data from the latest nationally representative Comprehensive National Nutritional Survey (CNNS) to estimate the prevalence of wasting at the national and state level in India. Methods: We explored the association of wasting with maternal, child and household factors using multivariable logistic regression for the age group of 0-5, 6-23 and 24-59 months. Results: The overall prevalence of wasting was 17.3%, ranging from 5.8% to 29.1% across states, 23.3% in children 0-5 months, 19.6 % in children 6-23 months and 15.4 % in children 24-59 months of age. Higher birthweight i.e., every 100g increase (0-5 months aOR = 0.96, 6-23 months aOR = 0.94, 24-59 months aOR = 0.96), higher maternal BMI (0-5 months aOR = 0.51, 6-23 months aOR = 0.62, 24-59 months aOR = 0.67), increasing child age in months (0-5 months aOR = 0.84) and female sex of the child (24-59 months aOR = 0.82) was found to have significantly lower odds of wasting. The odds of wasting were significantly higher for poorest wealth quintile (0-5 months aOR = 1.99, 6-23 months aOR = 2.13), maternal unemployment (0-5 months aOR = 2.25), and lower levels of maternal education (6-23 months aOR = 1.74). Conclusions: Our analyses showed that burden of wasting continues to remain high in India. Preventive interventions must target reduction of low birthweight. Early identification and management of wasting should be done, especially during the first six months of life who are not part of current therapeutic feeding programme.

In species with parental care behaviors, parents may adjust the intensity and duration of their care if fluctuation in factors such as environmental variables or body condition affects offspring survival. In the face of environmental changes, many egg-laying species remain with their clutch for extended periods if this behavioral adjustment provides tangible benefits to the offspring. However, the length of time parents stay with the offspring may also differ depending on the individual's body condition. In the glass frog family (Centrolenidae), several species exhibit long-term egg attendance in which they remain with their clutch for several days after oviposition takes place. For some of them, changes in environmental variables lead to increased parental care efforts. For the species in which parents remain with their offspring for a short period (less than 24 hours), it is less clear if this constitutes parenting behavior, and whether parents adjust their efforts as a function of environmental change or the parent's body condition remains unexplored. We studied a population of the Emerald Glass Frog, Espadarana prosoblepon, a species that exhibits a short period of quiescence after oviposition (less than three hours). Our study aimed to determine whether females alter the length of their post-oviposition quiescence period in response to changes in environmental variables (i.e., temperature, humidity, rainfall, and mean wind speed) or female body condition. Pairs in amplexus were captured in the field and transported to semi-natural enclosures to record the duration of post-oviposition quiescence using infrared cameras. Females' post-oviposition quiescence lasted an average of 67.4-26.6 min (range D 22.7-158.3 min). We did not find a significant relationship between the duration of the post-oviposition quiescence and any of the environmental variables tested. Similarly, post-oviposition quiescence duration was not influenced by female body condition. Because the variation observed in the duration of post-oviposition quiescence was not related to changes in extrinsic (environmental) or intrinsic (body condition) factors, we found no evidence that females of E. prosoblepon modify their post-oviposition behavior in response to any of the variables examined in this study. Future research investigating the adaptive significance of the post-oviposition quiescence observed in this species is needed to understand how this behavior is related to parental care efforts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background In imported falciparum malaria, systemic inflammation with increased capillary permeability can cause life-threatening complications, such as acute pulmonary edema (APO) or adult respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). This observational study assessed the association of the admission serum albumin level (ALB) and C-reactive protein to albumin ratio (CRP/ALB) with disease severity and these respiratory complications. Methods All adult cases hospitalized during 2001–2015 in the Charité University Hospital, Berlin, with ALB and CRP values measured upon admission, were retrospectively analysed. Results Seventy-six patients were enrolled (26 female, median age: 37 y), 60 with uncomplicated malaria and 16 with severe malaria (SM). SM was associated with lower ALB (p<0.0001) and higher CRP/ALB (p<0.0001) values; the areas under the receiver operator curves (AUROCs) were 0.85 (95% CI 0.74 to 0.96) for ALB and 0.88 (95% CI 0.80 to 0.97) for CRP/ALB. Radiologic changes consistent with APO/ARDS were detectable in 5 of 45 admission chest X-rays performed (11.1%); the AUROCs were 0.86 (95% CI 0.74 to 0.99) for ALB and 0.91 (95% CI 0.82 to 0.99) for CRP/ALB. Conclusions Diminished admission ALB levels and elevated CRP/ALB ratios are associated with disease severity and respiratory complications in imported falciparum malaria. These readily and ubiquitously available markers may facilitate early identification of at-risk patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

No presente artigo, realizamos uma exposição do artigo “Über eine Eigenschaft des Inbegriffes aller reellen algebraischen Zahlen”, de Cantor (1932). Para tanto, buscamos nos manter fiéis ao desenvolvimento realizado por Cantor, ao mesmo tempo em que atualizamos a terminologia e incluímos exemplos, com o objetivo de simplificar a compreensão do argumento pelo leitor contemporâneo.

A busca por fontes sustentáveis de energia tem ampliado o diálogo interdisciplinar sobre a importância de se encontrar alternativas para um futuro comum. Nessa perspectiva, o artigo objetiva analisar os impactos jurídicos e socioambientais da utilização da energia solar fotovoltaica em propriedades rurais brasileiras. A problemática está relacionada à intenção de identificar quais as possibilidades e os obstáculos do emprego de tal matriz energética, especialmente no que se refere à correta destinação do descarte de painéis solares – aspecto que ainda padece de regulação adequada. A pesquisa utiliza do método dedutivo, com base em abordagens bibliográficas e documentais, visando à construção de um estudo exploratório e descritivo. A conclusão indica que, atualmente, não há uma regulamentação adequada no que diz respeito aos resíduos sólidos gerados pela produção da energia, o que pode fazer com que uma solução que a princípio se revela interessante e promissora acabe por gerar grandes impactos negativos no longo prazo. Desse modo, é importante pensar em formas de atender às necessidades geracionais na prática dita com sustentável.

High burden of acute malnutrition among children less than 5 years is a major public health problem in India. A ”Two-days National Consultation on Addressing Acute Malnutrition” was organized to gather experiences and evidence from 13 states of India on prevention and management of acute malnutrition among children and documenting viewpoints from experts and government counterparts on the same. The consultation centered around five key themes of addressing acute malnutrition: 1) capacity building, 2) strengthening screening, 3) nutritional care of wasting, 4) tracking progress, and 5) scale-up. The paper highlights the experiences and key recommendations around the above key themes. It emerged that there is a need to further accelerate the efforts toward strengthening existing platforms and services to address acute malnutrition among children. Regular trainings of the frontline workers, increased convergence, regular monitoring, and continued service delivery during the pandemic should be undertaken for better outcomes.

Antecedentes: la ehrlichiosis es una enfermedad transmitida por garrapatas que afecta caninos generando síndrome febril trombocitopénico. El desconocimiento del comportamiento espacial y temporal‚ la similitud con patologías en humanos y el potencial zoonótico son aspectos para aportar al conocimiento de la epidemiología de la enfermedad a nivel local. Objetivo: identificar la distribución espaciotemporal de la ehrlichiosis en caninos en Villavicencio‚ Meta. Métodos: se diseñó un estudio observacional analítico longitudinal retrospectivo de tipo ecológico‚ con un periodo de observación comprendido entre 2016 a 2020 en Villavicencio‚ Meta. Los casos de ehrlichiosis en caninos incluidos fueron seleccionados de historias clínicas con diagnóstico clínico o confirmado por laboratorio. La distribución espacial se determinó empleando las pruebas no paramétricas análisis de vecino más cercano y análisis de “Puntos calientes” (Gi GetisOrd). La distribución temporal se estableció identificando tendencias‚ estacionalidad o temporalidad de casos mediante el análisis autorregresivo de medias móviles (ARIMA) y pruebas de Kruskal-Wallis y Tukey. La evaluación de factores socioeconómicos potencialmente asociados se realizó mediante modelos lineales generalizados. Resultados: el análisis espacial permitió identificar que los casos de ehrlichiosis se presentan a una distancia media de 213‚6 metros y posee un comportamiento agrupado (p < 0,05)‚ con focos en barrios periféricos al norte‚ nororiente y sur de Villavicencio. El análisis temporal de casos de ehrlichiosis del 2016 a 2020 mediante ARIMA mostró que la enfermedad no posee tendencia‚ pero si estacionalidad (p = 0,01812)‚ con una mayor presentación de casos en los primeros cinco meses de año. Conclusiones: el conocimiento generado permitió identificar que la transmisión de ehrlichiosis en caninos es más frecuente de enero a mayo en zonas periféricas de Villavicencio. Además‚ la identificación de conglomerados de ehrlichiosis genera nuevas preguntas‚ direccionando futuros estudios a la identificación de posibles factores asociados a la enfermedad en Villavicencio. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This work proposed the study of a new lignin/cellulose carbon xerogel/ZnO/Bi2O3/Bi° composite photocatalyst for the degradation of bisphenol-A under sunlight. The reasoning behind the application of each component is based on the formation of multiple heterojunctions (p-n heterojunction between semiconductors, metal-semiconductor heterojunction, and carbon-semiconductor heterojunction) to hinder the recombination of photogenerated charges during the photocatalytic process. The lignin/cellulose carbon xerogel was employed as both a solid electron mediator and a reducing agent, promoting the reduction of the bismuth oxide into metallic bismuth. The results obtained from the characterization tests confirm the formation of all the intended phases in the hybrid photocatalyst. Furthermore, the inclusion of the carbon xerogel led to morphological modifications such as the formation of plate-like particles and the increase of specific surface area. The efficient formation of the heterojunctions between the composing phases of the hybrid composite led to an enhanced photocatalytic activity for the degradation of the bisphenol-A (BPA) molecule, under both simulated sunlight and visible light. The optimized composite achieved 84% degradation of the BPA under simulated sunlight and 27% under visible light irradiation, which is a great improvement in comparison to the pure ZnO, which obtained 55% degradation under simulated sunlight and 19% degradation under visible light. The enhanced photocatalytic activity of the lignin/cellulose carbon xerogel/ZnO/Bi2O3/Bi° composite was further verified by chronoamperometry tests, which evidenced its greater photocurrent generation capabilities.

Abstract A multicentric study is being conducted in which children with severe acute malnutrition (SAM) aged 6–59 months are identified with only weight-for-height z-score (WHZ)

Abstract Background Severe acute malnutrition (SAM) is a major underlying cause of mortality among children. Around one third of the world’s acutely malnourished children live in India. The WHO recommends community-based management of acute malnutrition (CMAM) for managing children with SAM. In India, different states are implementing community-based SAM treatment programme, hereinafter called CSAM, using varieties of locally produced nutrient dense food items with different nutrient compositions. The study will assess the effectiveness of these state specific CSAM interventions. Methods The longitudinal quasi-experimental study will be undertaken in two purposively selected blocks of one district each in the four intervention states and one comparison state. From each state, 200 SAM children identified using weight-for-length/height z-score (WHZ)

Abstract The Zn0.5Cd0.5S/ZnO/carbon xerogel photocatalyst was synthesized through the thermal treatment of ZnO, CdS, and a low-cost carbon xerogel matrix at high temperature (600 ºC). ZnO is one of the most widely used photocatalysts, but it has low visible-light absorption, while Zn0.5Cd0.5S is a visible-light active photocatalyst, which can be used as a co-catalyst to enhance photoactivity under natural radiation and promote charge separation through the creation of Z-scheme heterojunctions. The further addition of the carbon xerogel can be justified by its highly developed porous structure and ability to capture photogenerated electrons, which will also promote charge separation. The creation of the hexagonal Zn0.5Cd0.5S and ZnO phases was confirmed through the X-ray diffractometry technique. The addition of the carbon xerogel led to an increase in the specific surface area of the XC/ZnO (630%) and XC/ZnO-Zn0.5Cd0.5S (320%) and a decrease in particle size when compared to the pure ZnO. Regarding the photocatalytic performance of the materials, the Zn0.5Cd0.5S/ZnO/carbon xerogel displayed an enhanced photocatalytic activity for 4-chlorophenol degradation, with 84% degradation after 300 minutes of artificial solar irradiation. The enhanced photoactivity of the Zn0.5Cd0.5S/ZnO/carbon xerogel composite was further confirmed by chronoamperometry, as the composite presented higher photocurrent generation under light irradiation.

Abstract Background Faltering of growth in early life has been recognized as a public health challenge among Indian babies. A two-day consultation on growth faltering in early infancy was organized to examine the data and evidence on identification and management of early growth failure and to identify knowledge gaps and future areas of research. The consultation was supported by the Biotechnology Industry Research Assistance Council (BIRAC), the Indian Academy of Pediatrics (Nutrition Chapter), Vardhman Mahavir Medical College and Safdarjung Hospital, and the Society for Applied Studies. It brought together researchers, clinicians, policy makers and program managers.

Abstract Background Increasing numbers of aging individuals with chronic co-morbidities travel to regions where falciparum malaria is endemic. Non-communicable diseases are now leading risk factors for death in such countries. Thus, the influence of chronic diseases on the outcome of falciparum malaria is an issue of major importance. Aim of the present study was to assess whether non-communicable diseases increase the risk for severe imported falciparum malaria. Methods A retrospective observational study of all adult cases with imported falciparum malaria hospitalized between 2001 and 2015 in the tertiary care Charité University Hospital, Berlin, was performed. Results A total of 536 adult patients (median age 37 years; 31.3% female) were enrolled. Of these, 329 (61.4%) originated from endemic countries, 207 patients (38.6%) from non-endemic regions. Criteria for severe malaria were fulfilled in 68 (12.7%) cases. With older age, lack of previous malaria episodes, being a tourist, and delayed presentation, well-characterized risk factors were associated with severe malaria in univariate analysis. After adjustment for these potential confounders hypertension (adjusted odds ratio aOR, 3.06 95% confidence interval, CI 1.34–7.02), cardiovascular diseases (aOR, 8.20 95% CI 2.30–29.22), and dyslipidaemia (aOR, 6.08 95% CI 1.13–32.88) were individual diseases associated with severe disease in multivariable logistic regression. Hypertension proved an independent risk factor among individuals of endemic (aOR, 4.83, 95% CI 1.44–16.22) as well as of non-endemic origin (aOR, 3.60 95% CI 1.05–12.35). Conclusions In imported falciparum malaria hypertension and its related diseases are risk factors for severe disease.

Multifunctional nanomaterials have been attracting increasing attention as solutions to the existing challenges in energy systems and sensing technologies. In this regard, multifunctional NiVCe-layered double hydroxide (NiVCe-LDH) nanoparticles were synthesized by the modified sol-gel method. The analysis of this material demonstrated excellent potential for its utilization as electrode materials for hybrid supercapacitor, oxygen evolution reaction (OER), and sensor applications. The NiVCe-LDH nanoparticles delivered a specific charge of 740 C g−1 at 10 A g−1 and decent rate performance (charge retention of 68.7% at 100 A g−1), showing excellent prospects as electrode material for hybrid energy storage devices. In addition, NiVCe-LDH nanoparticles have also been successfully applied as a proof-of-concept for OER, as confirmed by their low Tafel slope of 47 mV dec−1. Finally, trimetallic NiVCe-LDH-based screen-printed electrodes were developed for the sensing of hydrogen peroxide directly in a real complex mouthwash sample, achieving a satisfactory recovery value of around 98% using a fast and simple batch injection analysis procedure. These results allow us to predict the great potential of this trimetallic hydroxide for building electrochemical sensors with good perspectives as electroactive material for OER processes and energy storage technologies.

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Abstract Background Water, Sanitation, and Hygiene (WASH) practices may affect the growth and nutritional status among adolescents. Therefore, this paper assesses WASH practices and its association with nutritional status among adolescent girls. Methods As a part of an intervention programme, this study is based on baseline cross-sectional data. It was conducted between May 2016–April 2017 in three Indian states (Bihar, Odisha, and Chhattisgarh). From a sample of 6352 adolescent girls, information on WASH practices, accessibility to health services and anthropometric measurements (height, weight and mid upper arm circumference (MUAC)) was collected. Descriptive statistics were used to examine WASH practices, and nutritional status among adolescent girls. Determinants of open defecation and menstrual hygiene were assessed using logistic regression. Association between WASH and nutritional status of adolescent girls was determined using linear regression. Results Findings showed 82% of the adolescent girls were practicing open defecation and 76% were not using sanitary napkins. Significant predictors of open defecation and non use of sanitary napkin during menstruation were non Hindu households, households with poorer wealth, non availability of water within household premise, non visit to Anganwadi Centre, and non attendance in Kishori group meetings. One-third of adolescent girls were stunted, 17% were thin and 20% had MUAC

Background: The World Health Organization recommends weight-for-height Z-score (WHZ) or mid-upper arm circumference (MUAC) and bilateral pitting edema to diagnose acute malnutrition among children aged 6–59 months. WHZ and MUAC identify different sets of children with acute malnutrition, and overlap between their prevalence varies greatly among countries. Objective: The objective of the study was to determine the degree of overlap and agreement between WHZ and MUAC to diagnose children with acute malnutrition in India. Methods: Five nutrition surveys using Standardized Monitoring and Assessment of Relief and Transitions methodology were conducted in four Indian states. A total of 2127 children aged 6–59 months were analyzed. All anthropometric indices were calculated using emergency nutrition assessment software and analyzed in Epi-Info 3.5.4. Results: Of total global acute malnutrition (GAM) cases, 96% and 28.4% cases were diagnosed with WHZ and MUAC, respectively. Similarly, of total severe acute malnutrition (SAM) cases, 95.1% were identified using WHZ and 30% using MUAC. The proportion of overlap between the two criteria for GAM and SAM cases was 24.5% and 25.2%, respectively. The analysis showed that MUAC was comparatively more sensitive to identify acute malnutrition among 6–23-month aged children and females. Conclusion: One-fourth of GAM and SAM cases were identified with both criteria. MUAC identified approximately 30% of the total SAM cases which was lower than other countries. MUAC identified more number of females and younger children, who may have higher mortality risk and would result significantly smaller caseload (68% smaller) that requires intervention compared to when using WHZ.

Abstract Background We examined the feasibility of engaging women collectives in delivering a package of women’s nutrition messages/services as a funded stakeholder in three tribal-dominated districts of Odisha, Jharkhand and Chhattisgarh States, in eastern India. These districts have high prevalence of child stunting and poor government service outreach. Methods Conducted between July 2014 and March 2015, an exploratory mix-methods design was adopted (review of coverage data and government reports, field interviews and focus group discussion with multiple stakeholders and intended communities) to assess coverage of women’s nutrition services. A capacity assessment tool was developed to map all types of community collectives and assess their awareness, institutional and programme capacity as a funded stakeholder for delivering women’s nutrition services/behaviour promotion. Results Limited targeting of pre-pregnancy period, delays in first trimester registration of pregnant women, and low micronutrient supplementation supply and awareness issues emerged as key bottlenecks in improving women’s nutrition in these districts. Amongst the 18 different types of community collectives mapped, Self Help Groups (SHGs) and their federations (tier 2 and tier 3), with total membership of over 650,000, emerged as the most promising community collective due to their vast network, governance structure, bank linkage, and regular interface. Nearly 400,000 (or 20% of women) in these districts can be reached through the mapped 31,919 SHGs. SHGs with organisational readiness for receiving and managing grants for income generation and community development activities varied from 41 to 94% across study districts. Stakeholders perceived that SHGs federations managing grants from government and be engaged for nutrition promotion and service delivery and SHG weekly meetings can serve as community interface for discussing/resolving local issues impeding access to services. Conclusions Women SHGs (with tier 2 and tier 3) can become direct grantees for strengthening coverage of women’s nutrition interventions in these tribal districts/pockets, provided they are capacitated, supervised and given safe guards against exploitation and violence.

Over 70 million women of reproductive age are undernourished in India. Most poverty alleviation programs have not been systematically evaluated to assess impact on women's empowerment and nutrition outcomes. National Rural Livelihoods Mission's poverty alleviation and livelihoods generation initiative is an opportune platform to layer women's nutrition interventions being tapped by project Swabhimaan in three eastern Indian states-Bihar, Chhattisgarh and Odisha. A cross-sectional baseline survey covering 8755 mothers of children under-two years of age, one of the three primary target groups of program are presented. Standardized questionnaire was administered and anthropometric measurements were undertaken from October 2016 to January 2017. 21 indicators on women's empowerment, Body Mass Index and Mid-upper Arm Circumference for nutrition status, food insecurity indicators as per the Food Insecurity Experience Scale and selected indicators for assessing women's access to basic health services were included. National Rural Livelihoods Mission operates in contexts with stark social and gender inequalities. Self-help group members exhibited better control on financial resources and participation in community activities than non-members. Using Body Mass Index, at least 45% mothers were undernourished irrespective of their enrolment in self-help groups. Higher proportion of self-help group members (77%-87%) belonged to food insecure households than non-members (66%-83%). Proportion of mothers reporting receipt of various components of antenatal care service package varied from over 90% for tetanus toxoid vaccination to less than 10% for height measurement. Current use of family planning methods was excruciatingly low (8.2%-32.4%) in all states but positively skewed towards self-help group members. Participation in monthly fixed day health camps was a concern in Bihar. Layering women's nutrition interventions as stipulated under Swabhimaan may yield better results for women's empowerment and nutrition status under National Rural Livelihoods Mission. While this opportunity exists in all three states, Bihar with a higher proportion of matured self-help groups offers more readiness for Swabhimaan implementation.

Background. The aim of the present study was to determine the medication appropriateness (MA) in prehospital emergency physician deployments according to the hospital discharge diagnosis and to investigate the factors influencing the MA. Methods. The MA was determined by a systematic comparison of the administered medication in prehospital emergency physician deployments with the discharge diagnosis in a period of 24 months at the emergency medical services in Bad Belzig. Categorial variables for the specialty, medical educational status, and approval for emergency medicine of prehospital emergency physicians were examined univariate for relations with the MA, using the χ2 test with the significance level of p=0.05. Results. The MA was present in 69% (n = 488) cases. The MA was present in 64% of cases by specialists and in 71% by resident physicians (p=0.04). The specialty and the approval for emergency medicine of the prehospital emergency physician did not show significant results. MA was present in 46% (n = 100) of cases with incorrect diagnoses, and it was present in 79% (n = 388) of cases with correct diagnoses by the prehospital emergency physician (p=0.01). In cases of missing MA, 224 drugs and 23 different drugs were administered by the prehospital emergency physician. Conclusions. The MA in prehospital emergency physician deployments shows a necessity for improvement with 31% medication errors. Incorrect diagnoses by the prehospital emergency physician seem to lead to medication errors in prehospital emergency physician deployments. The necessary standards and guidelines for administration of drugs should be taken into account in educational courses. The wide-ranging emergency medical training and the rapid accumulation of operational experience seem to play a crucial role for correct administration of medication in the prehospital emergency physician deployments.

O Exército Brasileiro(EB) tem empreendido esforços na busca por novas tecnologias administrativas que repercutam nas suas eficácia e eficiência operacionais, sendo o gerenciamento de projetos uma dessas iniciativas. Assim, o objetivo deste artigo é comparar as boas práticas de gerenciamento de projetos prescritas pelo Project Management Institute (PMI) com as práticas contidas na etapa da Metodologia de Concepção Operativa do Exército Brasileiro(MCOE), denominada Exame de Situação, para identificar pontos de contato, divergências e contribuições recíprocas. A coleta de dados foi realizada por pesquisa bibliográfica e documental e a análise de dados por meio datriangulação de dados. Conclui-se que a maioria das práticas de gerenciamento de projetos incluídasno Exame de Situaçãoé compatível com as atividades prescritas no Exame de Situação do Exército Brasileiro e que algumas delas podem contribuir para o aperfeiçoamento da metodologia de planejamento operativoda Força Terrestre.

Introduction: Strontium ranelate (SrRan) has the potential to interfere in the progression of osteoarthritis (OA), multifactorial disease associated with mechanical problems and articular inflammatory changes.Objectives: This study aimed to test the effects of prophylactic and therapeutic use of SrRan on clinical parameters of pain, the inflammatory process, and degradation of the articular cartilage.Methods: This was an experimental study, using a model of knee OA induced by intra-articular injection of monoiodoacetate. Thirty Wistar rats were divided into five groups and treated as indicated: control, without intervention; prophylactic, received SrRan at a daily oral dose of 250 mg/kg for 28 days before OA induction; SrRan treatments, administered 250 or 500 mg/kg/day for 28 days after the induction; and model control, received saline solution after the induction. Behavioral tests (joint incapacity, mechanical hyperalgesia, tactile sensitivity, and forced ambulation), histological evaluation of articular cartilage, and determination of inflammatory cytokines in the synovial fluid (interleukin [IL]-6, IL-10, tumor necrosis factor [TNF]-α, and interferon [INF]-γ) were performed.Results: Both prophylactic and therapeutic treatments improved the articular discomfort. A prophylactic dose of 500 mg/kg/day also improved mechanical hyperalgesia and the same dose was beneficial on tactile sensitivity. SrRan did not improve ambulation. Levels of IL-6, IL-10, TNF-α, and IFN-γ in SrRan-treated groups with OA were not significantly different compared with those in the normal control animals. The histopathological evaluation showed less articular damage in the SrRan-treated and control groups compared to the saline-treated group.Conclusion: The prophylactic and therapeutic administration of SrRan was associated with improved behavioral patterns of pain, especially joint discomfort. SrRan administration mitigated histological changes in the articular cartilage and reduced the inflammatory process, which beneficially reduced the progression of OA in the experimental model studied.

A organização Mundial da Saúde (OMS) estima que 2,5 bilhões de pessoas (2/5 da população mundial) estão sob risco de contrair dengue e que ocorram anualmente cerca de 50 milhões de casos. Desse total, cerca de 550 mil necessitam de hospitalização e pelo menos 20 mil morrem em consequência da doença que afeta mais de 120 países e é considerada uma doença negligenciada pela OMS. Este manuscrito relata o caso de A.A.D., 27 anos, parda, residente de Guapimirim-RJ, que desenvolveu subitamente febre intermitente, mialgia, dorsalgia e astenia. Após 10 dias da apresentação dos sintomas referidos, em ambiente domiciliar, novo quadro clínico surgiu caracterizado por paresia em membros inferiores que evolui para os membros superiores, dislalia, dispneia e hematêmese. Diante do quadro apresentado deu entrada no hospital de Guapimirim, onde foi diagnosticada com possível caso de meningite. Com o agravamento do seu estado geral foi transferida para o Hospital Universitário Sul Fluminense, em Vassouras-RJ, onde foi encaminhada para Unidade de Terapia Intensiva (UTI). Através dos achados clínicos e do exame do liquido cefalorraquiano, solicitados na UTI, chegou-se ao diagnóstico da Síndrome de Guillain –Barré (SGB), uma inflamação e desmielinização dos nervos periféricos, que se desenvolve frequentemente após infecções, principalmente virais. Posteriormente foi solicitado a sorologia (IgM e IgG) onde foi confirmado infecção recente por dengue, possível etiologia para SGB. Desse modo, a infecção por dengue permanece sendo um grave problema de saúde pública em vários países, inclusive no Brasil. Nosso relato de caso objetiva demonstrar a importância de combater a incidência dessa doença para evitar suas complicações, como de possível causadora da SGB4.

Pain is recognized as one of the main symptoms in knee osteoarthritis and is the main reason why patients seek medical attention. Scoparia dulcis has been popularly used to relieve discomfort caused by various painful conditions. The objective of the study is to evaluate the analgesic and anti-inflammatory effect of the crude extract of S. dulcis, in an experimental model of osteoarthritis. The experiment was performed with Wistar rats divided into 4 groups with 5 animals each: healthy, saline, crude extract, and meloxicam groups. Knee osteoarthritis was induced by intra-articular injection of sodium mono-iodoacetate. First, clinical parameters of pain were assessed at days 0, 5, 10, 15, and 20 after induction. Second, the potential cyclooxygenase inhibition was evaluated, and the cytokines of the synovial fluid were quantified. An in silico test and Molecular Docking tests were performed. A histopathological evaluation was made on articular cartilage with safranin O staining. The results showed that a 15-day treatment with crude extract reduced edema, spontaneous pain, peripheral nociceptive activity, and proinflammatory cytokines in the synovial fluid. The highest inhibition of cyclooxygenase 2 in the crude extract occurred at 50 µg/mL. The crude extract of S. dulcis presents therapeutic potential for the treatment of osteoarthritis due to its anti-inflammatory and anti-nociceptive action.

Our objective is to examine whether a rating change or Credit Watch announcement has a significant impact on Latin American stock prices. We conducted an event study to analyze stock market reaction to such news in the four major Latin American economies: Argentina, Brazil, Chile and Mexico. We find similar results to thosepreviously observed in the literature, wherein the impact is quite significant for rating downgrades but less relevant for rating upgrades and Credit Watches. We also run cross section regressions to investigate which variables best explain the impact rating changes announcements have on stock prices in these countries. The results indicate that the most significant variable is the absolute change in the number of notches for downgrades. We conclude that credit ratings are relevant information in Latin America.