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Alemayehu Assefa, Alfoalem Araba Abiye, Tamrat Assefa Tadesse, Minyahil Woldu Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, EthiopiaCorrespondence: Alfoalem Araba Abiye, Email alfoalem.araba@aau.edu.etBackground: Despite its importance as a major risk factor for cardiovascular disease, dyslipidemia remains poorly characterized in the African population.Objective: To assess the prevalence and factors associated with dyslipidemia in people with HIV/AIDS in follow-up at Zewditu Memorial Hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.Materials and Methods: A hospital-based retrospective cross-sectional study evaluated the charts of 288 people living with HIV/AIDS who had received Highly Active Antiretroviral Treatment for at least six months at Zewditu Memorial Hospital from July to September 2021. Sociodemographic and clinical data were collected from the patient’s charts. Statistical analysis was performed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences software version 25.Results: The overall prevalence of dyslipidemia was 55.2% in people living with HIV/AIDS. The prevalence of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol < 40 mg/dl in men and < 50 in women was 46.9%; total cholesterol ≥ 200 mg/dl was 22.6%; triglycerides ≥ 150 mg/dl was 18.8%, and low-density lipoprotein ≥ 130 mg/dl was 4.9%. Sex [Female adjusted odds ratio (AOR) = 0.595, 95% CI: 0.37– 0.956], age greater than 40 years (AOR = 1.026, 95% CI: 1.005– 1.048), body mass index > 25 kg/m2 (AOR = 1.767, 95% CI: 1.099– 2.84), viral load > 50 (AOR = 0.477, 95% CI: 0.27– 0.842), and CD4 < 500 (AOR = 1.938, 95% CI: 1.18– 3.183) were identified as determinants of dyslipidemia.Conclusion: There was a high prevalence of dyslipidemia among study participants compared to several studies published in a similar population. Being male, ol

Tamrat Assefa Tadesse,1,2 Alfoalem Araba Abiye,1 Sisay Endale,2 Dejuma Yadeta,3 Legese Chelkeba,1 Teferi Gedif Fenta2 1Department of Pharmacology & Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; 2Department of Pharmaceutics and Social Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; 3Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, EthiopiaCorrespondence: Tamrat Assefa Tadesse, Email tamrat.assefa@aau.edu.etPupose: To explore the challenges of anticoagulation management (AMS) and assess the need for establishing a pharmacist-led anticoagulation clinic (PLAC) at Tikur Anbessa Specialized Hospital (TASH) in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.Methods: We conducted a qualitative study at TASH. Using a semistructured interview guide, we interviewed 15 physicians from different specialties, heads of pharmacy and laboratory departments. We also included 20 patients to explore their general perceptions, and experiences with and challenges of AMS; and the need to implement PLAC in the hospital.Results: Only three physicians responded that they had protocols for initiating and maintaining warfarin dosing. Having protocols for venous thromboembolism (VTE) risk assessment, VTE prophylaxis and treatment, bleeding risk assessment, and contraindication to anticoagulant therapy were reported by seven, six, four, and three participants, respectively. Lack of trained healthcare professionals and a separate AMS clinic, inconsistency in INR testing and anticoagulant availability, and longer appointment times were the biggest challenges of the existing AMS, according to 80% of respondents. Fourteen patient respondents indicated that their satisfaction with the AMS was affected by long wait times and inconsistent availability of anticoagulants and INR testing. The head of the laboratory stated that the facilit

Kajela Kibirat Mekonen, Malede Berihun Yismaw, Alfoalem Araba Abiye, Tamrat Assefa Tadesse Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, EthiopiaCorrespondence: Tamrat Assefa Tadesse P.O. Box: 9086, Addis Ababa, EthiopiaEmail tamrat.assefa@aau.edu.etPurpose: Benzathine penicillin G (BPG) monthly administration is the most effective method for secondary prophylaxis against acute rheumatic fever (ARF). BPG’s efficacy largely depends on adherence to treatment. This study was aimed at assessing adherence to BPG prophylaxis and its determinants among adult patients with rheumatic heart disease.Patients and Methods: An institutional cross-sectional study design was used. One hundred and forty-five patients receiving monthly BPG at the Adult Cardiac Clinic of Tikur Anbessa Specialized Hospital (TASH) were interviewed. Their 1-year BPG prophylaxis administration record was also reviewed. The rate of adherence to BPG injection was determined by calculating the percentage of the administered drug from the total expected doses. Data were entered and analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) software version 25. Both descriptive and logistic regression analyses were computed to describe different variables and assess factors associated with adherence, respectively. A p-value < 0.05 was used to declare association.Results: Among a total of 145 study participants involved, the majority (76.6%) of them had been receiving BPG for the last 10 years. The average adherence rate to monthly BPG injection was 80.60% with a range of 0% to 100%. However, only 101 (69.7%) of participants were taking ≥ 80% of their prescribed monthly BPG prophylaxis doses. Study participants with informal education 1.10 (0.023– 46.96) and secondary school education 0.89 (0.10– 8.11) were more and less likely to adhere to BPG injection, respectively, when com

Tamrat Assefa Tadesse, Hanan Muzeyin Kedir, Atalay Mulu Fentie, Alfoalem Araba Abiye Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, EthiopiaCorrespondence: Tamrat Assefa TadesseDepartment of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, P.O. Box: 9086, Addis Ababa, EthiopiaEmail tamrat.assefa@aau.edu.etPurpose: Venous thromboembolism (VTE) is the most common preventable cause of hospitalization-associated mortality. In the absence of optimal prophylaxis and depending on the type of surgery and patient-related factors, the risk of developing VTE increases by 10% to 50%. We aimed to assess VTE risk and thromboprophylaxis among surgical patients hospitalized at surgical wards of Tikur Anbessa Specialized Hospital (TASH). Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.Materials and Methods: A retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted from September 1, 2018 to February 28, 2019. Data were collected using a pretested observational checklist which is prepared based on the VTE Caprini risk assessment model. Then, the collected data were checked for completeness and finally entered and analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 25.Results: Out of 155 admitted patients, almost equal numbers of males (49.68%) and females (50.32%) participated in the study with a mean age of 41.87± 16.84 and an age range of 13 to 89 years. Undergoing major surgery, resting in bed for more than 3 days and having acute infections (including pneumonia) were the most frequently seen VTE risk factors. Most of the study participants (135, 87.10%) were at risk of developing VTE (> 1 Caprini risk score), and 47.11% were in the highest risk category (≥ 5 Caprini score). The maximum and minimum total risk scores were 19 and 1, respectively with a mean score of 4.53± 2.31. Among patients who were at risk of devel

Background: Despite the progress that has been made in the past for the development of pain and inflammation therapy, there is a need for effective and potent medicinal agent with lower side effects. The aim of this study was to evaluate the analgesic and anti-inflammatory activities of 80% methanol leaf extract of Hypericum revolutum in mice. Method: After extraction of the crude using 80% methanol, Hypericum revolutum extract was evaluated for analgesic and anti-inflammatory activity in hot plate test, acetic-acid induced writhing and carrageenan induced paw edema models. Extract was evaluated at 100, 200 and 400 mg/kg doses. The reference control groups were treated with morphine 5mg/kg or indomethacin 10mg/kg while vehicle, distilled water (10 ml/kg), treated animals were grouped as negative controls. Result: In the hot plate method, all doses of the extract and the standard drug morphine significantly prolonged the latency time in the hot plate method (p<0.05 or p<0.01 or p<0.001) when compared to the negative control throughout the observation time. Greater increase in latency was observed at the 120 minute and greater on the other time intervals with 200mg/kg of the extract with a significant value (p<0.001). Similarly, all test doses of the extract significantly (p<0.05) reduced the acetic acid induced writhing in mice. The extract of HR produced a significant analgesic activity with 62.4, 47.1 and 55.3% inhibition of number of writhing at 100, 200 and 400 mg/kg dose levels, respectively although the inhibition was greater for the standard.   Moreover, for carrageenan induced paw edema test treatment with the extract (100, 200, and 400mg/kg) and the standard have shown significance (p<0.01 or p<0.001) suppression of edema at all-time points as compared to controls. Conclusion: The 80% hydro-methanolic extract of H. revolutum exhibited analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects in mice models.

Introduction: - Amongst the family planning program is the use of modern contraception. It is one of the key fundamentals of health services whose benefits are wellbeing’s of mothers, husbands, families, and their country in general. According to the world fertility rate report 2015, Ethiopia is expected to achieve a TFR of 2.4 children per woman between the years 2025-2030. Objective: - the principal objective of the current study was to determine the prevalence of modern contraception use and factors that affect utilization. Methods: - a quantitative community based cross-sectional study was done in three peri-urban communities of Batu, Eastern Shewa zone of Oromia region of Ethiopia from October to November 2017. A total of 351 women in the reproductive age group were interviewed with a questionnaire in the form of a house-to-house survey. Statistical analysis was done using the statistical package for social sciences (SPSS) software version 21.0. Results: - the study showed that the contraception prevalence was 37.9%. Forty-seven percent of the users were in the age group 21-29. Knowledge, formal education and religion were associated with contraception utilization. It was found that knowledge and formal education were the enhancing factors for utilization whereas the Muslim religion was an inhibiting factor for modern contraceptive use. Conclusion: - the contraceptive prevalence was higher than the national result for the rural community but lower than the urban community was. Both governmental and non-governmental organizations should continue the good work of building community awareness of modern contraceptive methods. Keywords: - Contraceptives, knowledge, attitude, practice, Batu