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1. High aboveground carbon stock of African tropical montane forest

Author

Cuni-Sanchez, A, Sullivan, MJP, Platts, PJ, Lewis, SL, Marchant, R, Imani, G, Hubau, W, Abiem, I, Adhikari, H, Albrecht, T, Altman, J, Amani, C, Aneseyee, AB, Avitabile, V, Banin, L, Batumike, R, Bauters, M, Beeckman, H, Begne, S, Bennett, AC, Bitariho, R, Boeckx, P, Bogaert, J, Bräuning, A, Bulonvu, F, Burgess, F, Calders, K, Chapman, C, Chapman, H, Comiskey, J, de Haulleville, T, Decuyper, M, DeVries, B, Dolezal, J, Droissart, V, Ewango, C, Feyera, S, Gebrekirstos, A, Gereau, R, Gilpin, M, Hakizimana, D, Hall, J, Hamilton, A, Hardy, O, Hart, T, Heiskanen, J, Hemp, A, Herold, M, Hiltner, U, Horak, D, Kamdem, M, Kayijamahe, C, Kenfack, D, Kinyanjui, MJ, Klein, J, Lisingo, J, Lovett, J, Lung, M, Makana, J-R, Malhi, Y, Marshall, A, Martin, EH, Mitchard, ETA, Morel, A, Mukendi, JT, Muller, T, Nchu, F, Nyirambangutse, B, Okello, J, Peh, KS-H, Pellikka, P, Phillips, OL, Plumptre, A, Qie, L, Rovero, F, Sainge, MN, Schmitt, CB, Sedlacek, O, Ngute, ASK, Sheil, D, Sheleme, D, Simegn, TY, Simo-Droissart, M, Sonké, B, Soromessa, T, Sunderland, T, Svoboda, M, Taedoumg, H, Taplin, J, Taylor, D, Thomas, SC, Timberlake, J, Tuagben, D, Umunay, P, Uzabaho, E, Verbeeck, H, Vleminckx, J, Wallin, G, Wheeler, C, Willcock, S, Woods, JT, and Zibera, E

Abstract

Tropical forests store 40–50 per cent of terrestrial vegetation carbon 1. However, spatial variations in aboveground live tree biomass carbon (AGC) stocks remain poorly understood, in particular in tropical montane forests 2. Owing to climatic and soil changes with increasing elevation 3, AGC stocks are lower in tropical montane forests compared with lowland forests 2. Here we assemble and analyse a dataset of structurally intact old-growth forests (AfriMont) spanning 44 montane sites in 12 African countries. We find that montane sites in the AfriMont plot network have a mean AGC stock of 149.4 megagrams of carbon per hectare (95% confidence interval 137.1–164.2), which is comparable to lowland forests in the African Tropical Rainforest Observation Network 4 and about 70 per cent and 32 per cent higher than averages from plot networks in montane 2,5,6 and lowland 7 forests in the Neotropics, respectively. Notably, our results are two-thirds higher than the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change default values for these forests in Africa 8. We find that the low stem density and high abundance of large trees of African lowland forests4 is mirrored in the montane forests sampled. This carbon store is endangered: we estimate that 0.8 million hectares of old-growth African montane forest have been lost since 2000. We provide country-specific montane forest AGC stock estimates modelled from our plot network to help to guide forest conservation and reforestation interventions. Our findings highlight the need for conserving these biodiverse 9,10 and carbon-rich ecosystems.

Published
2021

2. High aboveground carbon stock of African tropical montane forests

Author

Cuni-Sanchez, A., Sullivan, M.J.P., Platts, P.J., Lewis, S.L., Marchant, R., Imani, G., Hubau, W., Abiem, I., Adhikari, H., Albrecht, T., Altman, J., Amani, C., Aneseyee, A.B., Avitabile, V., Banin, L., Batumike, R., Bauters, M., Beeckman, H., Begne, S.K., Bennett, A.C., Bitariho, R., Boeckx, P., Bogaert, J., Bräuning, A., Bulonvu, F., Hiltner, Ulrike, Horak, D., et al., Cuni-Sanchez, A., Sullivan, M.J.P., Platts, P.J., Lewis, S.L., Marchant, R., Imani, G., Hubau, W., Abiem, I., Adhikari, H., Albrecht, T., Altman, J., Amani, C., Aneseyee, A.B., Avitabile, V., Banin, L., Batumike, R., Bauters, M., Beeckman, H., Begne, S.K., Bennett, A.C., Bitariho, R., Boeckx, P., Bogaert, J., Bräuning, A., Bulonvu, F., Hiltner, Ulrike, and Horak, D., et al.

Abstract

Tropical forests store 40-50 per cent of terrestrial vegetation carbon(1). However, spatial variations in aboveground live tree biomass carbon (AGC) stocks remain poorly understood, in particular in tropical montane forests(2). Owing to climatic and soil changes with increasing elevation(3), AGC stocks are lower in tropical montane forests compared with lowland forests(2). Here we assemble and analyse a dataset of structurally intact old-growth forests (AfriMont) spanning 44 montane sites in 12 African countries. We find that montane sites in the AfriMont plot network have a mean AGC stock of 149.4 megagrams of carbon per hectare (95% confidence interval 137.1-164.2), which is comparable to lowland forests in the African Tropical Rainforest Observation Network(4) and about 70 per cent and 32 per cent higher than averages from plot networks in montane(2,5,6) and lowland(7) forests in the Neotropics, respectively. Notably, our results are two-thirds higher than the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change default values for these forests in Africa(8). We find that the low stem density and high abundance of large trees of African lowland forests(4) is mirrored in the montane forests sampled. This carbon store is endangered: we estimate that 0.8 million hectares of old-growth African montane forest have been lost since 2000. We provide country-specific montane forest AGC stock estimates modelled from our plot network to help to guide forest conservation and reforestation interventions. Our findings highlight the need for conserving these biodiverse(9,10) and carbon-rich ecosystems.

Published
2021

3. High aboveground carbon stock of African tropical montane forests

Author

Cuni-Sanchez, Aida, Sullivan, Martin J P, Platts, P.J., Lewis, Simon L., Marchant, Rob, Imani, G., Hubau, Wannes, Abiem, I., Adhikari, H., Albrecht, T., Altman, J., Amani, Christian, Aneseyee, A.B., Avitabile, Valerio, Banin, L., Batumike, R., Bauters, M, Beeckman, Hans, Kouob Bégné, Serge, Bennett, Amy C., Bitariho, R., Boeckx, Pascal, Bogaert, Jan, Bräuning, A., Bulonvu, F., Burgess, Neil N.D., Calders, K., Chapman, C., Chapman, H., Comiskey, James, De Haulleville, Thales, Decuyper, Mathieu, DeVries, B., Dolezal, J., Droissart, Vincent, Ewango, Corneille, Feyera, S., Gebrekirstos, A., Gereau, Roy R.E., Gilpin, M., Hakizimana, D., Hall, Jefferson S., Hamilton, A., Hardy, Olivier J., Hart, Terese, Heiskanen, J., Hemp, A., Herold, Martin, Hiltner, U., Horak, D., Kamdem, Marie Noël Djuikouo, Kayijamahe, C., Kenfack, David, Kinyanjui, M.J., Klein, J., Lisingo Wa Lisingo, Janvier, Lovett, J., Lung, M., Makana, Jean Rémy, Malhi, Yadvinder, Marshall, Andrew A.R., Martin, E.H., Mitchard, E.T.A., Morel, A., Mukendi, J.T., Muller, T., Nchu, F., Nyirambangutse, B., Okello, Judith Auma, Peh, Kelvin S H, Pellikka, P., Phillips, Oliver L., Plumptre, Andrew A.J., Qie, L., ROVERO, Francesco, Sainge, M.N., Schmitt, Christine C.B., Sedlacek, O., Ngute, A.S.K., Sheil, Douglas, Sheleme, D., Simegn, T.Y., Simo-Droissart, Murielle, Sonke, Bonaventure, Soromessa, T., Sunderland, Terry C., Svoboda, Miroslav, Taedoumg, Hermann, Taplin, J., Taylor, David, Thomas, S.C., Timberlake, Jonathan J.R., Tuagben, Darlington, Umunay, Peter M., Uzabaho, E., Verbeeck, Hans, Vleminckx, Jason, Wallin, G., Wheeler, C., Willcock, S., Woods, John T., Zibera, E., Cuni-Sanchez, Aida, Sullivan, Martin J P, Platts, P.J., Lewis, Simon L., Marchant, Rob, Imani, G., Hubau, Wannes, Abiem, I., Adhikari, H., Albrecht, T., Altman, J., Amani, Christian, Aneseyee, A.B., Avitabile, Valerio, Banin, L., Batumike, R., Bauters, M, Beeckman, Hans, Kouob Bégné, Serge, Bennett, Amy C., Bitariho, R., Boeckx, Pascal, Bogaert, Jan, Bräuning, A., Bulonvu, F., Burgess, Neil N.D., Calders, K., Chapman, C., Chapman, H., Comiskey, James, De Haulleville, Thales, Decuyper, Mathieu, DeVries, B., Dolezal, J., Droissart, Vincent, Ewango, Corneille, Feyera, S., Gebrekirstos, A., Gereau, Roy R.E., Gilpin, M., Hakizimana, D., Hall, Jefferson S., Hamilton, A., Hardy, Olivier J., Hart, Terese, Heiskanen, J., Hemp, A., Herold, Martin, Hiltner, U., Horak, D., Kamdem, Marie Noël Djuikouo, Kayijamahe, C., Kenfack, David, Kinyanjui, M.J., Klein, J., Lisingo Wa Lisingo, Janvier, Lovett, J., Lung, M., Makana, Jean Rémy, Malhi, Yadvinder, Marshall, Andrew A.R., Martin, E.H., Mitchard, E.T.A., Morel, A., Mukendi, J.T., Muller, T., Nchu, F., Nyirambangutse, B., Okello, Judith Auma, Peh, Kelvin S H, Pellikka, P., Phillips, Oliver L., Plumptre, Andrew A.J., Qie, L., ROVERO, Francesco, Sainge, M.N., Schmitt, Christine C.B., Sedlacek, O., Ngute, A.S.K., Sheil, Douglas, Sheleme, D., Simegn, T.Y., Simo-Droissart, Murielle, Sonke, Bonaventure, Soromessa, T., Sunderland, Terry C., Svoboda, Miroslav, Taedoumg, Hermann, Taplin, J., Taylor, David, Thomas, S.C., Timberlake, Jonathan J.R., Tuagben, Darlington, Umunay, Peter M., Uzabaho, E., Verbeeck, Hans, Vleminckx, Jason, Wallin, G., Wheeler, C., Willcock, S., Woods, John T., and Zibera, E.

Abstract

Tropical forests store 40–50 per cent of terrestrial vegetation carbon1. However, spatial variations in aboveground live tree biomass carbon (AGC) stocks remain poorly understood, in particular in tropical montane forests2. Owing to climatic and soil changes with increasing elevation3, AGC stocks are lower in tropical montane forests compared with lowland forests2. Here we assemble and analyse a dataset of structurally intact old-growth forests (AfriMont) spanning 44 montane sites in 12 African countries. We find that montane sites in the AfriMont plot network have a mean AGC stock of 149.4 megagrams of carbon per hectare (95% confidence interval 137.1–164.2), which is comparable to lowland forests in the African Tropical Rainforest Observation Network4 and about 70 per cent and 32 per cent higher than averages from plot networks in montane2,5,6 and lowland7 forests in the Neotropics, respectively. Notably, our results are two-thirds higher than the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change default values for these forests in Africa8. We find that the low stem density and high abundance of large trees of African lowland forests4 is mirrored in the montane forests sampled. This carbon store is endangered: we estimate that 0.8 million hectares of old-growth African montane forest have been lost since 2000. We provide country-specific montane forest AGC stock estimates modelled from our plot network to help to guide forest conservation and reforestation interventions. Our findings highlight the need for conserving these biodiverse9,10 and carbon-rich ecosystems. © 2021, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Limited., SCOPUS: ar.j, info:eu-repo/semantics/published

Published
2021

4. ForestGEO: Understanding forest diversity and dynamics through a global observatory network

Author

Davies, S.J., Abiem, I., Abu Salim, K., Aguilar, S., Allen, D., Alonso, A., Anderson-Teixeira, K., Andrade, A., Arellano, G., Ashton, P.S., Baker, P.J., Baker, M.E., Baltzer, J.L., Basset, Y., Bissiengou, P., Bohlman, S., Bourg, N.A., Brockelman, W.Y., Bunyavejchewin, S., Burslem, D.F.R.P., Cao, M., Cárdenas, D., Chang, L.-W., Chang-Yang, C.-H., Chao, K.-J., Chao, W.-C., Chapman, H., Chen, Y.-Y., Chisholm, R.A., Chu, C., Chuyong, G., Clay, K., Comita, L.S., Condit, R., Cordell, S., Dattaraja, H.S., de Oliveira, A.A., den Ouden, J., Detto, M., Dick, C., Du, X., Duque, Á., Ediriweera, S., Ellis, E.C., Engone Obiang, N.L., Esufali, S., Ewango, C.E.N., Fernando, E.S., Filip, J., Fischer, G.A., Foster, R., Giambelluca, T., Giardina, C., Gilbert, G.S., Gonzalez-Akre, E., Gunatilleke, I.A.U.N., Gunatilleke, C.V.S., Hao, Z., Hau, B.C.H., He, F., Howe, R.W., Hubbell, S.P., Huth, Andreas, Inman-Narahari, F., Itoh, A., et al., Davies, S.J., Abiem, I., Abu Salim, K., Aguilar, S., Allen, D., Alonso, A., Anderson-Teixeira, K., Andrade, A., Arellano, G., Ashton, P.S., Baker, P.J., Baker, M.E., Baltzer, J.L., Basset, Y., Bissiengou, P., Bohlman, S., Bourg, N.A., Brockelman, W.Y., Bunyavejchewin, S., Burslem, D.F.R.P., Cao, M., Cárdenas, D., Chang, L.-W., Chang-Yang, C.-H., Chao, K.-J., Chao, W.-C., Chapman, H., Chen, Y.-Y., Chisholm, R.A., Chu, C., Chuyong, G., Clay, K., Comita, L.S., Condit, R., Cordell, S., Dattaraja, H.S., de Oliveira, A.A., den Ouden, J., Detto, M., Dick, C., Du, X., Duque, Á., Ediriweera, S., Ellis, E.C., Engone Obiang, N.L., Esufali, S., Ewango, C.E.N., Fernando, E.S., Filip, J., Fischer, G.A., Foster, R., Giambelluca, T., Giardina, C., Gilbert, G.S., Gonzalez-Akre, E., Gunatilleke, I.A.U.N., Gunatilleke, C.V.S., Hao, Z., Hau, B.C.H., He, F., Howe, R.W., Hubbell, S.P., Huth, Andreas, Inman-Narahari, F., and Itoh, A., et al.

Abstract

ForestGEO is a network of scientists and long-term forest dynamics plots (FDPs) spanning the Earth's major forest types. ForestGEO's mission is to advance understanding of the diversity and dynamics of forests and to strengthen global capacity for forest science research. ForestGEO is unique among forest plot networks in its large-scale plot dimensions, censusing of all stems ≥1 cm in diameter, inclusion of tropical, temperate and boreal forests, and investigation of additional biotic (e.g., arthropods) and abiotic (e.g., soils) drivers, which together provide a holistic view of forest functioning. The 71 FDPs in 27 countries include approximately 7.33 million living trees and about 12,000 species, representing 20% of the world's known tree diversity. With >1300 published papers, ForestGEO researchers have made significant contributions in two fundamental areas: species coexistence and diversity, and ecosystem functioning. Specifically, defining the major biotic and abiotic controls on the distribution and coexistence of species and functional types and on variation in species' demography has led to improved understanding of how the multiple dimensions of forest diversity are structured across space and time and how this diversity relates to the processes controlling the role of forests in the Earth system. Nevertheless, knowledge gaps remain that impede our ability to predict how forest diversity and function will respond to climate change and other stressors. Meeting these global research challenges requires major advances in standardizing taxonomy of tropical species, resolving the main drivers of forest dynamics, and integrating plot-based ground and remote sensing observations to scale up estimates of forest diversity and function, coupled with improved predictive models. However, they cannot be met without greater financial commitment to sustain the long-term research of ForestGEO and other forest plot networks, greatly expanded scientific capa

Published
2020

5. High aboveground carbon stock of African tropical montane forests.

Author

Cuni-Sanchez A, Sullivan MJP, Platts PJ, Lewis SL, Marchant R, Imani G, Hubau W, Abiem I, Adhikari H, Albrecht T, Altman J, Amani C, Aneseyee AB, Avitabile V, Banin L, Batumike R, Bauters M, Beeckman H, Begne SK, Bennett AC, Bitariho R, Boeckx P, Bogaert J, Bräuning A, Bulonvu F, Burgess ND, Calders K, Chapman C, Chapman H, Comiskey J, de Haulleville T, Decuyper M, DeVries B, Dolezal J, Droissart V, Ewango C, Feyera S, Gebrekirstos A, Gereau R, Gilpin M, Hakizimana D, Hall J, Hamilton A, Hardy O, Hart T, Heiskanen J, Hemp A, Herold M, Hiltner U, Horak D, Kamdem MN, Kayijamahe C, Kenfack D, Kinyanjui MJ, Klein J, Lisingo J, Lovett J, Lung M, Makana JR, Malhi Y, Marshall A, Martin EH, Mitchard ETA, Morel A, Mukendi JT, Muller T, Nchu F, Nyirambangutse B, Okello J, Peh KS, Pellikka P, Phillips OL, Plumptre A, Qie L, Rovero F, Sainge MN, Schmitt CB, Sedlacek O, Ngute ASK, Sheil D, Sheleme D, Simegn TY, Simo-Droissart M, Sonké B, Soromessa T, Sunderland T, Svoboda M, Taedoumg H, Taplin J, Taylor D, Thomas SC, Timberlake J, Tuagben D, Umunay P, Uzabaho E, Verbeeck H, Vleminckx J, Wallin G, Wheeler C, Willcock S, Woods JT, and Zibera E

Subjects
Africa, Biomass, Climate Change, Conservation of Natural Resources, Datasets as Topic, Geographic Mapping, Attitude, Carbon analysis, Carbon Sequestration, Rainforest, Trees metabolism, Tropical Climate
Abstract

Tropical forests store 40-50 per cent of terrestrial vegetation carbon 1 . However, spatial variations in aboveground live tree biomass carbon (AGC) stocks remain poorly understood, in particular in tropical montane forests 2 . Owing to climatic and soil changes with increasing elevation 3 , AGC stocks are lower in tropical montane forests compared with lowland forests 2 . Here we assemble and analyse a dataset of structurally intact old-growth forests (AfriMont) spanning 44 montane sites in 12 African countries. We find that montane sites in the AfriMont plot network have a mean AGC stock of 149.4 megagrams of carbon per hectare (95% confidence interval 137.1-164.2), which is comparable to lowland forests in the African Tropical Rainforest Observation Network 4 and about 70 per cent and 32 per cent higher than averages from plot networks in montane 2,5,6 and lowland 7 forests in the Neotropics, respectively. Notably, our results are two-thirds higher than the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change default values for these forests in Africa 8 . We find that the low stem density and high abundance of large trees of African lowland forests 4 is mirrored in the montane forests sampled. This carbon store is endangered: we estimate that 0.8 million hectares of old-growth African montane forest have been lost since 2000. We provide country-specific montane forest AGC stock estimates modelled from our plot network to help to guide forest conservation and reforestation interventions. Our findings highlight the need for conserving these biodiverse 9,10 and carbon-rich ecosystems., (© 2021. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Limited.)

Published
2021
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6. Arbuscular mycorrhizal trees influence the latitudinal beta-diversity gradient of tree communities in forests worldwide.

Author

Zhong Y, Chu C, Myers JA, Gilbert GS, Lutz JA, Stillhard J, Zhu K, Thompson J, Baltzer JL, He F, LaManna JA, Davies SJ, Aderson-Teixeira KJ, Burslem DFRP, Alonso A, Chao KJ, Wang X, Gao L, Orwig DA, Yin X, Sui X, Su Z, Abiem I, Bissiengou P, Bourg N, Butt N, Cao M, Chang-Yang CH, Chao WC, Chapman H, Chen YY, Coomes DA, Cordell S, de Oliveira AA, Du H, Fang S, Giardina CP, Hao Z, Hector A, Hubbell SP, Janík D, Jansen PA, Jiang M, Jin G, Kenfack D, Král K, Larson AJ, Li B, Li X, Li Y, Lian J, Lin L, Liu F, Liu Y, Liu Y, Luan F, Luo Y, Ma K, Malhi Y, McMahon SM, McShea W, Memiaghe H, Mi X, Morecroft M, Novotny V, O'Brien MJ, Ouden JD, Parker GG, Qiao X, Ren H, Reynolds G, Samonil P, Sang W, Shen G, Shen Z, Song GM, Sun IF, Tang H, Tian S, Uowolo AL, Uriarte M, Wang B, Wang X, Wang Y, Weiblen GD, Wu Z, Xi N, Xiang W, Xu H, Xu K, Ye W, Yu M, Zeng F, Zhang M, Zhang Y, Zhu L, and Zimmerman JK

Subjects
Host Microbial Interactions physiology, Plant Dispersal, Soil Microbiology, Trees microbiology, Biodiversity, Forests, Mycorrhizae physiology, Trees physiology
Abstract

Arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) and ectomycorrhizal (EcM) associations are critical for host-tree performance. However, how mycorrhizal associations correlate with the latitudinal tree beta-diversity remains untested. Using a global dataset of 45 forest plots representing 2,804,270 trees across 3840 species, we test how AM and EcM trees contribute to total beta-diversity and its components (turnover and nestedness) of all trees. We find AM rather than EcM trees predominantly contribute to decreasing total beta-diversity and turnover and increasing nestedness with increasing latitude, probably because wide distributions of EcM trees do not generate strong compositional differences among localities. Environmental variables, especially temperature and precipitation, are strongly correlated with beta-diversity patterns for both AM trees and all trees rather than EcM trees. Results support our hypotheses that latitudinal beta-diversity patterns and environmental effects on these patterns are highly dependent on mycorrhizal types. Our findings highlight the importance of AM-dominated forests for conserving global forest biodiversity.

Published
2021
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7. Direct and indirect effects of climate on richness drive the latitudinal diversity gradient in forest trees.

Author

Chu C, Lutz JA, Král K, Vrška T, Yin X, Myers JA, Abiem I, Alonso A, Bourg N, Burslem DFRP, Cao M, Chapman H, Condit R, Fang S, Fischer GA, Gao L, Hao Z, Hau BCH, He Q, Hector A, Hubbell SP, Jiang M, Jin G, Kenfack D, Lai J, Li B, Li X, Li Y, Lian J, Lin L, Liu Y, Liu Y, Luo Y, Ma K, McShea W, Memiaghe H, Mi X, Ni M, O'Brien MJ, de Oliveira AA, Orwig DA, Parker GG, Qiao X, Ren H, Reynolds G, Sang W, Shen G, Su Z, Sui X, Sun IF, Tian S, Wang B, Wang X, Wang X, Wang Y, Weiblen GD, Wen S, Xi N, Xiang W, Xu H, Xu K, Ye W, Zhang B, Zhang J, Zhang X, Zhang Y, Zhu K, Zimmerman J, Storch D, Baltzer JL, Anderson-Teixeira KJ, Mittelbach GG, and He F

Subjects
Climate, Biodiversity, Trees
Abstract

Climate is widely recognised as an important determinant of the latitudinal diversity gradient. However, most existing studies make no distinction between direct and indirect effects of climate, which substantially hinders our understanding of how climate constrains biodiversity globally. Using data from 35 large forest plots, we test hypothesised relationships amongst climate, topography, forest structural attributes (stem abundance, tree size variation and stand basal area) and tree species richness to better understand drivers of latitudinal tree diversity patterns. Climate influences tree richness both directly, with more species in warm, moist, aseasonal climates and indirectly, with more species at higher stem abundance. These results imply direct limitation of species diversity by climatic stress and more rapid (co-)evolution and narrower niche partitioning in warm climates. They also support the idea that increased numbers of individuals associated with high primary productivity are partitioned to support a greater number of species., (© 2018 John Wiley & Sons Ltd/CNRS.)

Published
2019
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