Search

Vegetables widely consumed in some areas of eastern Ethiopia such as cabbage (Brassica oleraceae var. capitata L.), potato (Solanum tuberosum L.), and khat (Catha edulis Forsk.) are cultivated through irrigation with wastewater. The purpose of this study was to analyse the contents of selected toxic heavy metal (Cr, Co, Cd and Pb) of the vegetables, the effluents used to irrigate the crops, and the soils on which the crops were grown, using flame atomic absorption spectrometry (FAAS). The optimized wet digestion procedure was employed to solubilise the metals from the samples. The validation was performed by spiking the samples with a standard solution of each metal having a known concentration and the percentage recovery values in the range of 91.098.3% for soil, 92.0-102% for effluent, and 89.0-101% for vegetable samples. The following concentrations (mg [kg.sup.-1]) of the metals were found in the edible parts of the cabbage, potato, and khat plants, respectively: Cr [less than method detection limit ( Keywords: Vegetables, wastewater, safe limits, irrigation, INTRODUCTION Vegetables are important ingredients in the human diet and contain essential nutrients and trace elements that have potential health benefits [1]. Environmental pollution has caused the contamination of soil; [...]

This study aims to describe the public relations strategy in building the image of madrasas to become superior madrasahs in Malang City. This research was conducted in MAN 1 Malang City. This research was conducted using a qualitative descriptive approach, and in data collection researchers used interview techniques, observation and documentation study. The main subjects in this study are public relations, school principals, teachers and students. The results of this research are: 1) Public Relations publishes activities to be carried out by MAN 1 Malang City and the achievements achieved by MAN 1 Malang City to the community through online media 2) Public Relations collaborates with government agencies, education and non-educational institutions 3) Public Relations prepare high quality graduates in accordance with the vision of MAN 1 Malang City, namely "The Realization of High Quality People in Science and Technology who are Humanist and Religious.

Objectives: The objectives of this study were to assess the prevalence and determinants of undernutrition among older adults aged 65 years in the south Gondar Zone, Ethiopia, in 2020., Design: A community-based cross-sectional study., Setting: The study was conducted from 1 October to 15 December 2020, in the South Gondar Zone, Ethiopia. Study participants were selected by systematic random sampling. A pretested and structured questionnaire adapted from different literature was used to collect data. Anthropometric measurements were taken following the standard procedure., Participants: A total of 290 older adults aged greater than or equal to 65 years of age were included in the study., Data Analysis: Descriptive and summary statistics were employed. Multiple logistic regression was fitted to identify determinants of undernutrition. ORs and their 95% CIs were computed to determine the level of significance., Outcome Measures: Undernutrition was assessed by using Body Mass Index and Mini Nutritional Assessment (MNA) tool., Results: The prevalence of undernutrition was 27.6% (95% CI 22.4 to 32.8), and 2.1% (95% CI 0.7 to 3.8) of the study participants were overweight. Based on the MNA tool, 29.7% (95% CI 24.5 to 35.2) of the study participants were undernourished and 61.7% (95% CI 55.5 to 67.2) were at risk of undernourishment. Rural residence adjusted OR (aOR)=10.3 (95% CI 3.6 to 29.4), inability to read and write aOR=3.5 (95% CI 1.6 to 7.6), decrease in food intake aOR=13.5 (95% CI 6.1 to 29.5) and household monthly income of less than US$35.6 aOR=4.3 (95% CI 1.9 to 9.4) were significantly and independently associated with undernutrition., Conclusion: The level of undernutrition among older adults in the study area was high, making it an important public health burden. The determinants of undernutrition were a place of residence, educational status, food intake and monthly income., Competing Interests: Competing interests: None declared., (© Author(s) (or their employer(s)) 2022. Re-use permitted under CC BY-NC. No commercial re-use. See rights and permissions. Published by BMJ.)