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Alveolar Capillary Dysplasia with Misalignment of Pulmonary Veins (ACDMPV) is linked to heterozygous mutations in the FOXF1 gene, a key transcriptional regulator of pulmonary vascular development. There are no effective treatments for ACDMPV other than lung transplant, and new pharmacological agents activating FOXF1 signaling are urgently needed.Identify small molecule compounds that stimulate FOXF1 signaling.We used mass spectrometry, immunoprecipitation, and the in vitro ubiquitination assay to identify TanFe, a small molecule compound from the nitrile group, which stabilizes the FOXF1 protein in the cell. The efficacy of TanFe was tested in mouse models of ACDMPV and Acute Lung Injury and in human vascular organoids derived from iPSCs of ACDMPV patient.We identified HECTD1 as an E3 ubiquitin ligase involved in ubiquitination and degradation of the FOXF1 protein. The TanFe compound disrupted FOXF1-HECTD1 protein-protein interactions and decreased ubiquitination of the FOXF1 protein in pulmonary endothelial cells in vitro. TanFe increased protein levels of FOXF1 and its target genes Flk1, Flt1 and Cdh5 in LPS-injured mouse lungs, decreasing endothelial permeability and inhibiting lung inflammation. Treatment of pregnant mice with TanFe increased FOXF1 protein levels in lungs of Foxf1+/- embryos, stimulated neonatal lung angiogenesis, and completely prevented the mortality of Foxf1+/- mice after birth. TanFe increased angiogenesis in human vascular organoids derived from iPSCs of ACDMPV patient with FOXF1 deletion.TanFe is a novel activator of FOXF1, providing a new therapeutic candidate for treatment of ACDMPV and other neonatal pulmonary vascular diseases.

Mutations in the FOXF1 gene, encoding the mesenchymal Forkhead Box (FOX) transcription factor, are linked to Alveolar Capillary Dysplasia with Misalignment of Pulmonary Veins (ACDMPV), a severe congenital disorder associated with the loss of alveolar capillaries and lung hypoplasia. While proangiogenic functions of FOXF1 have been extensively studied, the role of FOXF1 in mesenchymal-epithelial signaling during lung development remains uncharacterized. Herein, we utilized murine lung organoids to demonstrate that the S52F FOXF1 mutation (found in ACDMPV patients) stimulates canonical WNT/β-catenin signaling in type 2 alveolar epithelial cells (AEC2s), leading to increased proliferation of AEC2s and decreased differentiation of AEC2s into AEC1s. Alveolar organoids containing Foxf1WT/S52F lung fibroblasts and wild-type epithelial cells grew faster on Matrigel and exhibited AEC2 hyperplasia. AEC2 hyperplasia and loss of AEC1s were found in the lungs of Foxf1WT/S52F embryos, a mouse model of ACDMPV. Activation of canonical WNT/β-catenin signaling in AEC2s of lung organoids and Foxf1WT/S52F mice was associated with decreased expression of non-canonical WNT5A ligand in lung fibroblasts. Mechanistically, FOXF1 directly activates the Wnt5a gene transcription through an evolutionarily conserved +6320/+6326 region located in the first intron of the Wnt5a gene. Site-directed mutagenesis of the +6320/+6326 region prevented the transcriptional activation of the Wnt5a enhancer by FOXF1. Treatment with exogenous WNT5A ligand inhibited the effects of the S52F FOXF1 mutation on canonical WNT/β-catenin signaling in alveolar organoids, preventing aberrant AEC2 cell expansion and restoring differentiation of AEC1s. Activation of either FOXF1 or WNT5A may provide an attractive strategy to improve lung function in ACDMPV patients.

With the advancement of science and technology, the worldwide market of cell phone is growing rapidly and the average lifespan of these equipment is shortening. These electronic equipment, containing toxic elements, imposes high risks leading to health complications. This survey based study is an endeavor to observe public awareness towards cell phone use and its correlation to health complications such as hearing impairment, back pain, problems in eye, headache etc. Remarkably this pilot study implies that adverse health effects for using cell phones are greater in male than in female which can be a great concern for our public health.Asian J. Med. Biol. Res. December 2016, 2(4): 518-522