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Marginalization, by definition, has been a frequently discussed term. The world has been divided into binaries and one facet of those sides is usually privileged over the "OTHER." For instance, in the male/female dichotomy, males are favored over females which distances women from central attention and makes them a commodity. And when the world starts seeing a woman or a girl as an object, she seeks refuge and responds to their comments by taking recourse in "Purdah". In Imtiaz Dharker's poem, the word "Purdah" is also used as a metaphor for a girl and woman to respond to people's negative thoughts and comments and retreat into their shells to be safe from disapproval and harm. "Purdah" is also used as an alienation to stop them from doing what they want to do. We can see the heartfelt desires of every woman in a male dominant society in the Indo-English poets, especially Imtiaz Dharker's works. The impact of her paintings adorn her poetry and the issues she holds so close to her and her heart are freedom, religious and social conflicts, and home exile. From the thematic and linguistic point of view, Dharker's only concern is the use of diction, language, and treatment of all social, cultural, and political issues in terms of imagery and symbolism. The purpose of this paper is to thoroughly analyze the Imtiaz Dharker poems "Purdah" and "Postcard from God". [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Joining of the similar & dissimilar materials alloys using heat of the friction in currently being used, especially for non-ferrous alloys which are considered as non-weldable alloys. Al 2024-T6 & Al 6061-T6 having length of 70mm and 12mm diameter were welded by using the friction welding process. Similar and dissimilar welded samples were obtained by applying different combinations of welding parameters like friction pressure 30bar, forging pressure from 50 to 60 bar, and rotational speed of 2200 rpm. Vickers microhardness and Tensile test was performed on similar and dissimilar welded samples. Test shows that ultimate tensile strength and hardness of the similar welded joint was greater than their respective base metals welds. Dissimilar weld samples have hardness and ultimate tensile strength greater than the base Al 6061-T6, and less than the base Al 2024-T6. From results, it was clearly shown that as forging pressure increased from 50 to 60 bar, ultimate tensile strength and hardness of the similar and dissimilar welded samples increased. Joints were analysed to investigate the fractography of all welded samples. All welded samples fractured on the base metal alloy and show the formation of the cup and cone like structure which indicate the ductile fracture of the joints.

Strengthening of metals as a function of metal working and thermal treatment is being utilized effectively in steel structures. Effect on strength beyond thermomechanical treatment has been the focus of this research by imprinting a nature inspired pattern on one side of the sheet metal. Pangolin scale pattern overlapped on AISI 1040 sheet metal while preserving its base treatment. Microstructure, impact toughness, hardness, and tensile strength with notch opposite to worked side was investigated after forging and post forging heat-treatment. After heating at 800°C, overlapping patterned forging was done on one side of two plates and then subsequently cooled in two ways, air cooled, and water quenched. To analyze the effect of forging and heat treatment, Charpy impact, UTS, hardness tests, and metallography were carried out on the heat treated (forged + quenched), untreated (forged + air cooled) and base (as received) specimens. The Room temperature Charpy test showed that the untreated specimen has the highest impact toughness of 120 J as that of the base and heat-treated specimen, 44 J and 60 J respectively. The heat-treated specimen showed an increase in macro and micro hardness than for the base and untreated specimens. Whereas the UTS has dropped in untreated and heat-treated specimens as compared to the base specimen, because in tensile test load is applied uniformly throughout the specimen so the stress concentrations in the unforged side of the metal higher than the side which is forged with overlapping patterns.

Political memes play an integral role in creating the right atmosphere of attraction for political parties. The agenda behind these political memes is basically to divert the attention of the target audience and evoke their voters to vote for them as well as to degrade opposing political parties through the element of humor. This paper aims to layer out the political memes through the theoretical framework of agenda-setting theory that political parties deliberately launch on the cyber world in order to change the views and opinions of youth. They are the key agents to instigate any change in society. The methodology opted to execute the research is qualitative and quantitative. The mixed-method is indispensable in order to comprehend the perception of political memes on society. Thirteen randomly selected mems of three prominent political parties have been analyzed via Shaw and McCombs (1972) theory. Their theory of agenda-setting supported this study to understand how voter's agenda is correlated to media? Furthermore, how it serves as a key agent in gauging the changing thinking patterns? For scaling these thinking patterns and in order to understand the voice of the people specifically undergraduate university students, a Likert scale questionnaire has been developed. Purposive sampling technique is used to collect data from 25 undergraduate students and 25 postgraduate students. The results show that memes are remarkably playing a vital role in diverting people's attention to certain agendas. Both genders are attracted towards it but males are more inclined. Moreover, there are significant differences observed in age and qualification [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There are challenging times faced by the whole globe in the milieu of COVID-19 scenario. This virus expanded quickly and encapsulated the whole world within no time. The world needed to adapt to the changing lifestyle. This paper will focus on the discourse of advertisements of Pakistani commercialism in the light of covid-19 scenario, in the light of sixsegments strategy wheel by Tylor. Tylor (1999). A mixed-method approach (qualitative and quantitative) has been used specifically for this research. To find out the impact during the pandemic questionnaire has been constructed on a Likert scale. Keeping in view the fact that youth is the chief catalyst and participatory regarding the new trends, data has been collected randomly from 50 undergraduate students. There are three major segments have been focused on for this research i.e. ration, acute and routine; will be emphasized in the light of critical discourse analysis. The results of this study depict that females are found to be highly drawn toward the advertisements of COVID-19 products than male participants. Six-segment approaches will fulfill the art of the qualitative method and help us to dissect the advertisements. For the data of advertisement analysis 10 random ads have been chosen in order to analyze the COVID-19 discourse. These commercials have been analyzed in the light of six-segment approach by Tylor (1999) and along with the Fairclough model (1995) of Critical Discourse Analysis. Additionally, this research has contributed to understanding and layering out the disparity among genders. The inclination of females has been found more in initiating and acting upon the instructions of these advertisements, as compared to males. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

China's ascendant position in International Relations has sparked a debate over the future of the US-led liberal international order. As China's military, economic, ideological, and institutional influence continues to expand, apprehensions about its challenges to the existing global order and the evolution of China's role in international governance have intensified. This research is qualitative and consults both primary and secondary recourses. From the neo-Gramscian school of thought perspective, this research explores the core relationship between China and the global order, delving deep into the historical context. Unlike traditional international relations theories, this research presents a historical and relational interpretation to present an alternative perspective on China's rise. Elucidating this dynamic historical progression, this paper posits that China's relationship with the world order has evolved significantly, moving from animosity and refutation in the post-independence period to compliance with Western ideals and institutions, integration into the international system and, more recently, to the pursuit of independent institution-building, global governance, and promotion of alternative world order. This paper concludes that while China has adopted a predominant role in shaping the rules of the international system, it is far from being a disruptive reformist. Thus, despite its global outreach, China does not seek to build a power centre that counters explicitly the Western liberal order but signals a gradual transition towards a multipolar order. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

When natural disaster strikes, mass media have the ability to gather information and disseminate verified information quickly. In the case of Pakistan, destruction from predictable and semipredictable disasters can be mitigated if awareness is timely spread to improve preventive, precautionary and rehabilitative measures. The present qualitative study explores the role of Pakistani media in disaster mitigation. The data was collected through in-depth interviews of experienced government officials and journalists. The results suggest that the role of media in disaster mitigation has not been significant during preparedness phase of natural disasters, whereas media coverage was quite appreciable during response and recovery phases. However, improvement is still needed w.r.t. media's role in resource management, providing early warning and panic management. Media coverage can also increase political involvement by making leaders more responsive. There is a need to train media personnel to improve their capacity for understanding key disaster terms and the scope of the hazard. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper aims to analyze the speeches of Michael Obama in the light of Van Dijk CDA model. The fine relation between identity and pronouns, and the way they are being implemented are the focal points investigated in the paper. Teun Van Dijk is quiet a known name in discourse studies, and his model of CDA analysis is one of the powerful approaches in the domain. His model involves three dimensions of ideology analysis, namely, discourse, sociocognition and social analysis. Two of the speeches of Michelle Obama have been selected randomly. First speech has been addressed to “Democratic National Convention” (2012) and the second speech is taken from “Democratic presidential nominee’s campaign rally in Salem, N.C. To evaluate her speeches discussion has been done by using CDA model of Van Dijk. (2001) and qualitative approach has been used. Speech has been analyzed at different levels. It has been found that Micheal Obama uses a lot of pronouns like “I”, “You” and “We” etc in a variety of ways that reflects identity and a strong sense of belonging. She is trying to endorse values and ethics by using powerful and watchfully chosen pronouns which reveal identity and leave therapeutic effects on her audience. She smoothly drifts from “My” to “Our” and “I” to “You” to demonstrate a strong connection between people and her life, particularly by using real life examples. She skillfully uses repetition in her speeches to leave mark on her audience’s mind. Thus, it proves that, a politician’s pronominal use of pronoun explains about one’s diverse identity, particularly one’s combined and shared identity. This also strongly reflects a politician’s aim to connect to the audience by certain sociocognition practices, to which they can relate. The schema of this research is to demonstrate the fine amalgamation of identity and pronoun through the prism of Van Dijk CDA model. Furthermore, this study will open doors for the innovative entities in terms of analyzing speeches through a different dimension. Basic purpose is to seek meaning via certain grammar tools mentioned above as well as to build a certain paradigm in order to clarify certain vistas with regard to probe the meaning under the surveillance of Van Dijk CDA model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study reports a comparative study of use of lexical cohesive devices by L1 (Urdu as a first language) and L2 (Urdu as a second language) speakers through detailed analysis of the quantitative and qualitative data. The data is obtained from 11 Urdu television programmes based on current affairs. The duration of the conversations is 120 minutes per conversation. The study reveals the differences between the use of cohesive devices in terms of type and degree by L1 and L2 speakers of the Urdu language. Results show that L1 speaker is a proficient user of cohesive devices such as, collocation and synonym to build up the conversation in an effective way while repetition is the most utilized category by L2 speaker. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper relates to the study of nicknames in Punjabi language .it help us to understand about the transitions of syllable from name to nick names. The names are categorized depending upon the number of syllables in name and the characteristics of first syllable. In this paper only those nicknames are focused which have connection with the names, however passing a comment is also one of the convention of nicknames that directly have no connection with the names. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]