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Herein, we have reported the μ-TPSM for the synthesis of Darunavir within 41 min of total residence time with a 71% isolated yield, and an output of 0.8 g h−1.

Manufacturing thiazolidinediones in a batch process is often carried out at different locations, where each successive batch collects a certain amount of intermediate followed by its transportation to another location.

Catalyst free, newly fabricated solar panel reactor for the fluctuating light condition, 20 new entry, gram scale synthesis, safe and green process, sun-light is energy source.

The rapid transmission of viral diseases can cause massive economic damage and loss of life. The manufacture of most anti-viral drugs is normally carried out using batch synthesis which typically requires long production times (3–15 days) and significant manpower and infrastructure. The fabrication of fully integrated flow-based manufacturing systems offers an alternative approach that can be greener and more economical. In this regard, we have developed a compact manufacturing machine for the synthesis of the antiviral API daclatasvir which is easily reconfigured, has a much-reduced footprint, and enables multi-step synthesis using innovative reaction chemistry and post-synthesis purification equipment. The developed integrated system enabled the ultra-fast production of DCV as its free base (within 28.2 min.) with a throughput of 11.8 g per day (equivalent to 200 doses of Daklinza, 60 mg tablets) in 98% HPLC purity.

In recent years, numerous nanomaterials have emerged as an exciting platform for cancer theranostic applications due to their multifunctional properties and intrinsic molecular properties that enable efficient diagnosis, imaging, and effective therapy. This field is associated with a variety of clinical applications, especially in cancer treatment. More recently, efforts to create nanoparticles using biological materials have gained growing interest in overcoming the drawbacks of drug delivery systems, such as biocompatibility, toxicity, and targeting. This chapter summarized the detailed overview of the applications of various bioinspired cancer therapies, which includes the recent examples of lipid nanoparticles, liposomes, protein nanoparticles, viral nanoparticles, and inorganic nanoparticles. Finally, the difficulties and future scope of these NPs in cancer therapy and diagnostic applications are illustrated.

Targeted delivery combined with controlled release of drugs has a crucial role in future of personalized medicine. The majority of cancer drugs are intended to interfere with one or more cellular events. Anticancer agents can also be toxic to healthy cells, as healthy cells may also need to proliferate and avoid apoptosis. The focus of this review covers the principles, advantages, drawbacks and summarize criteria that must be met for design of small molecule-drug conjugates (SMDCs) to achieve the desired therapeutic potency with minimal toxicity. SMDCs are composed of a targeting ligand, a releasable bridge, a spacer, and a therapeutic payload. We summarize the criteria for the effective design that influences the selection of tumor specific receptor and optimum elements in the design of SMDCs. We also discuss the criteria for selecting the optimal therapeutic drug payload, spacer and linker. The linker chemistries and cleavage strategies are also discussed. Finally, we review the folate receptor targeting SMDCs that are in preclinical development and in clinical trials.

Nature, which remains a central drug discovery pool, is always looked upon to find a putative druggable lead. The natural products and phytochemical derived from plants are essential during a global health crisis. This class represents one of the most practical and promising approaches to decrease pandemic's intensity owing to their therapeutic potential. The present manuscript is therefore kept forth to give the researchers updated information on undergoing research in allied areas of natural product-based drug discovery, particularly for Covid-19 disease. The study briefly shreds evidence from in vitro and in silico researches done so far to find a lead molecule against Covid-19. Following this, we exhaustively explored the concept of chemical space and molecular similarity parameters for the drug discovery about the lead(s) generated from in silico-based studies. The comparison was drawn using FDA-approved anti-infective agents during 2015-2020 using key descriptors to evaluate druglike properties. The outcomes of results were further corroborated using Molecular Dynamics studies which suggested the outcomes in alignment with chemical space ranking. In a nutshell, current research work aims to provide a holistic strategic approach to drug design, keeping in view the identified phytochemicals against Covid-19.

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is an emerging problem in the world that has a significant impact on our society. AMR made conventional drugs futile against microorganisms and diseases untreatable. Plant-derived medicines are considered to be safe alternatives as compared to synthetic drugs. Active ingredients and the mixtures of these natural medicines have been used for centuries, due to their easy availability, low cost, and negligible side effects. Essential oils (EOs) are the secondary metabolites that are produced by aromatic plants to protect them from microorganisms. However, these EOs and their constituents have shown good fighting potential against drug-resistant pathogens. These oils have been proved extremely effective antimicrobial agents in comparison to antibiotics. Also, the combination of synthetic drugs with EOs or their components improve their efficacy. So, EOs can be established as an alternative to synthetic antimicrobial agents to eradicate tough form of infectious microorganisms. EO’s can interact with multiple target sites, like the destruction of cytoplasm membrane or inhibition of protein synthesis and efflux pump, etc. The purpose of this review is to provide information about the antimicrobial activity of EOs attained from different plants, their combination with synthetic antimicrobials. In addition, mechanism of antimicrobial activity of several EOs and their constituents was reported.