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Background: The proximal humerus is a common site for primary malignant and benign aggressive bone tumors, necessitating wide resection and subsequent skeletal defect reconstruction. Various reconstruction options include osteoarticular allografts, autografts, endoprosthesis, nail-cement spacer, reverse shoulder arthroplasty, and allograft-prosthesis composites. However, there is no consensus on the optimal reconstruction method. This study aims to compare functional outcomes and complications between these two methods. Methods: A total of 40 patients with proximal humerus tumors who underwent endoprosthesis or nail-cement spacer reconstruction between March 2012 and December 2020 were included. The mean follow-up in the study was 31.37 +/− 12 months. Demographic and clinical data were collected, and functional outcomes were assessed using the Musculoskeletal Tumor Society 93 scoring system and the Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder, and Hand questionnaire. Complications and oncological outcomes were recorded. Results: Both groups were similar in terms of demographic and clinical variables. Endoprosthesis reconstruction demonstrated significantly better active shoulder forward flexion compared to nail-cement spacer (45.8 vs. 25.2 degrees) (P = .015). Endoprosthesis group also exhibited greater active shoulder internal rotation (68.25 vs. 63.25 degrees) (P = .004). No statistically significant differences were observed in overall functional outcomes. Complications, including radial nerve palsy and infection, were comparable between groups, with one case of spacer loosening. Conclusion: Both endoprosthesis and nail-cement spacer reconstruction provide comparable functional outcomes and complication rates following proximal humerus tumor resection. Nail-cement spacer offers a cost-effective alternative for patients in resource-constrained settings.

The integrity of the patella is pivotal for the efficient functioning of the knee extensor mechanism. Thus, patella fracture management cannot be neglected and utmost priority should be determined for its preservation and maintenance of knee functioning. Tension band wiring (TBW) is the most widely and commonly used mode of fixation of patella fractures with consistently favourable outcomes. However, the complications associated with the same could be challenging and may compromise the integrity of the patella. This case report highlights the salvage of the failed TBW for a patella fracture with biomechanically stronger angular stable Star-shaped patella plate.

Soil moisture deficit is an essential element in the estimation of irrigation demands, both spatially and temporarily. The determination of temporal and spatial variations of soil moisture in a river basin is challenging in many aspects; however, distributed hydrological modelling with remote sensing inputs is an effective way to determine soil moisture. In this research, a water demand module was developed for a satellite-based National Hydrological Model—India (NHM-I) to estimate distributed irrigation demands based on soil moisture deficits. The NHM-I is a conceptual distributed model that was explicitly developed to utilize the products from remote sensing satellites. MOD13Q1.5 data were used in this study to classify paddy and irrigated dry crops. Along with the above data, the DEM, Leaf Area Index, FAO soil map, and crop characteristics data were also used as inputs. The NHM-I with water demand module was evaluated in the Damodar river basin, India, from 2009 to 2018. The integrated NHM-I model simulated the irrigation demands effectively with remote sensing data. The temporal analysis reveals that soil moisture deficits in the Kharif season varied annually from 2009 to 2018; however, soil moisture deficits in the Rabi season were almost constant. The 50% Allowable Moisture Depletion (AMD-50) scenario can reduce the irrigation demand of 1966 MCM compared to the Zero Allowable Moisture Depletion (AMD-0) scenario. The highest annual irrigation demand (8923 MCM) under the AMD-50 scenario occurred in the 2015–2016 season, while the lowest (6344 MCM) happened in 2013–2014 season. With a new water demand module and remote sensing inputs, the NHM-I will provide a platform to assess spatial and temporal irrigation demands and soil moisture.