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We employ several galaxy formation models, in particular, L-GALAXIES, IllustrisTNG, and EAGLE, as well as observational samples from SDSS and DESI, to investigate galactic conformity, the observed large-scale correlation between the star-formation properties of central (primary) galaxies and those of their neighbours. To analyse the models and observations uniformly, we introduce CENSAT, a new algorithm to define whether a galaxy is a central or a satellite system based on an isolation criterion. We find that the conformity signal is present, up to at least 5 Mpc from the centres of low- and intermediate-mass centrals in the latest version of L-GALAXIES (Ayromlou et al. 2021), IllustrisTNG, and EAGLE, as well as in SDSS and DESI observational samples. In comparison, the conformity signal is substantially weaker in an older version of L-GALAXIES (Henriques et al. 2020). One of the main differences between this older model and the other models is its neglect of ram-pressure stripping of the gas reservoirs of galaxies except within the boundaries of massive cluster haloes. Our observational comparisons demonstrate that this difference significantly affects the observed large-scale conformity signal. Furthermore, by examining the contribution of backsplash, fly-by, central, and satellite galaxies to the conformity signal, we show that much, but not all, of it arises from primary galaxies near massive systems. Remaining tensions between the models and observations may be solved by modifying the physical prescriptions for how feedback processes affect the distribution and kinematics of gas and the environment around galaxies out to scales of several Megaparsecs., Comment: Submitted to MNRAS

Background Cholera remains a public health threat for low- and middle-income countries, particularly in Asia and Africa. Shanchol™, an inactivated oral cholera vaccine (OCV) is currently in use globally. OCV and oral poliovirus vaccines (OPV) could be administered concomitantly, but the immunogenicity and safety of coadministration among children aged 1–3 years is unknown. Methods We undertook an open-label, randomized, controlled, inequality trial in Dhaka city, Bangladesh. Healthy children aged 1–3 years were randomly assigned to 1 of 3 groups: bivalent OPV (bOPV)-alone, OCV-alone, or combined bOPV + OCV and received vaccines on the day of enrollment and 28 days later. Blood samples were collected on the day of enrollment, day 28, and day 56. Serum poliovirus neutralizing antibodies and vibriocidal antibodies against Vibrio cholerae O1 were assessed using microneutralization assays. Results A total of 579 children aged 1‒3 years were recruited, 193 children per group. More than 90% of the children completed visits at day 56. Few adverse events following immunization were recorded and were equivalent among study arms. On day 28, 60% (90% confidence interval: 53%–67%) and 54% (46%–61%) of participants with co-administration of bOPV + OCV responded to polioviruses type 1 and 3, respectively, compared to 55% (47%–62%) and 46% (38%–53%) in the bOPV-only group. Additionally, >50% of participants showed a ≥4-fold increase in vibriocidal antibody titer responses on day 28, comparable to the responses observed in OCV-only arm. Conclusions Co-administration of bOPV and OCV is safe and effective in children aged 1–3 years and can be cost-beneficial. Clinical Trial Registration ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT03581734).

Aim of this study was to determine predictors of failure of non-invasive oxygenation methods like high-flow nasal cannula (HFNC) and non-invasive (NIV) in COVID-19 ARDS patients.

BACKGROUND: After global oral poliovirus vaccine (OPV) cessation, the Strategic Advisory Group of Experts on Immunization (SAGE) currently recommends a two-dose schedule of inactivated poliovirus vaccine (IPV) beginning ≥14-weeks of age to achieve at least 90% immune response. We aimed to compare the immunogenicity of three different two-dose IPV schedules started before or at 14-weeks of age. METHODS: We conducted a randomized, controlled, open-label, inequality trial at two sites in Dhaka, Bangladesh. Healthy infants at 6-weeks of age were randomized into one of five arms to receive two-dose IPV schedules at different ages with and without OPV. The three IPV-only arms are presented: Arm C received IPV at 14-weeks and 9-months; Arm D received IPV at 6-weeks and 9-months; and Arm E received IPV at 6 and 14-weeks. The primary outcome was immune response defined as seroconversion from seronegative (

Thistprojecttwilltfocus on effective and secure recognition and controlling the system for the bank locker roomtthattistfullytself-determining.The prohibited entrance intthetlocker roomtcantbe detectedtbytourtsecurity system in the case of robberies. Whenever the robbery takes place, duettotabsencetoftthe prooftbytourtcurrent human operated security systemtthetbankstare nottcapabletto recognizetthe robber. The system willtbetdesigned inteffective waytby recognizing andtcontrollingtillegaltpersonttotaccesstthetlockertfortthetsafetytoftbanktlockertroom.tIntthis,twetproposedtatthree-phasetconformationtoftproceduretfortsmarttlockertusing some registered pattern in mobile app, camera and SMS whichtcheck out the user. Astcomparedttotanytothertprevioustapproachestourtsystemtusestweb App which send a SMS totregistered mobile numbertwhichthighlightstthetsmarttsecurity.

In order to study the circumgalactic medium (CGM) of galaxies we develop an automated pipeline to estimate the optical continuum of quasars and detect intervening metal absorption line systems with a matched kernel convolution technique and adaptive S/N criteria. We process $\sim$ one million quasars in the latest Data Release 16 (DR16) of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) and compile a large sample of $\sim$ 160,000 MgII absorbers, together with $\sim$ 70,000 FeII systems, in the redshift range $0.35, Comment: 23 pages, 20 Figures, 3 Appendices, MNRAS accepted. The MgII absorber catalogue is publicly available at https://wwwmpa.mpa-garching.mpg.de/SDSS/MgII/

With the growing population, agriculture productivity is increasing due to the high demand for food, which in turn produces a large amount of agricultural waste. Pyrolysis of crop residues is one of the suitable options to produce biochar and can be utilized as a fuel. In the present study, the slow pyrolysis of rice straw was carried out at four temperatures, 300 °C, 400 °C, 500 °C, and 600 °C. It was observed that biochar yield decreases (57.87–35.63%) with an increase in the process temperature. The physiochemical properties such as fixed carbon (43.91–57.63%), heating value (16.59–19.69 MJ/kg), carbon (63.77–85.13%) in biochar increases with temperature. Burning of rice straw (3Mt/year) emits the greenhouse gas (GHG) emission of about 10,953 (CO2e) Gg/year, while the combustion of biochar produced from rice straw at different temperatures emits the emission in the range of 2131–3239 (CO2e) Gg/year. The electricity generation potential analysis for produced biochars was carried out with two different power plant efficiency 25 and 30%. The electricity potential for power plant efficiency 25% and 30% was observed in the range of 1.2–1.82 TWh and 1.44–2.18 TWh, respectively.

Huge and reputed software industries are expected to deliver quality products. However, industry suffers from a loss of approximately $500 billion due to shoddy software quality. The quality of the product in terms of its accuracy, efficiency, and reliability can be revamped through testing by focusing attention on testing the product through effective test case generation and prioritization. The authors have proposed a test-case generation technique based on iterative listener genetic algorithm that generates test cases automatically. The proposed technique uses its adaptive nature and solves the issues like redundant test cases, inefficient test coverage percentage, high execution time, and increased computation complexity by maintaining the diversity of the population which will decrease the redundancy in test cases. The performance of the technique is compared with four existing test-case generation algorithms in terms of computational complexity, execution time, coverage, and it is observed that the proposed technique outperformed.

On January 30, 2020, the World Health Organization (WHO) declared coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) a Public Health Emergency of International Concern (1). On March 24, 2020, the Global Polio Eradication Initiative (GPEI) suspended all polio supplementary immunization activities and recommended the continuation of polio surveillance (2). In April 2020, GPEI shared revised polio surveillance guidelines in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic, which focused on reducing the risk for transmission of SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes COVID-19, to health care workers and communities by modifying activities that required person-to-person contact, improving hand hygiene and personal protective equipment use practices, and overcoming challenges related to movement restrictions, while continuing essential polio surveillance functions (3). GPEI assessed the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on polio surveillance by comparing data from January to September 2019 to the same period in 2020. Globally, the number of acute flaccid paralysis (AFP) cases reported declined 33% and the mean number of days between the second stool collected and receipt by the laboratory increased by 70%. Continued analysis of AFP case reporting and stool collection is critical to ensure timely detection and response to interruptions of polio surveillance.

Biochar derived from rice straw has potential application as a cheap adsorbent for removal of Cu(II) from aqueous solution. In this study, rice straw was used to derive biochar by operating at different pyrolysis temperatures (300, 400, and 500 °C) and studied different biochar physicochemical properties. Biochar yield decrease from 57.87 to 37.19% by increasing temperature from 300 to 500 °C. The content of carbon and ash, pH, and surface area of biochar increased from 68.72 to 81.48%, 32.70–46.52%, 8.23–11.4, 48.3–101.29, respectively. Batch adsorption was adopted for biochar produced at different temperatures, and biochar derived at 500 °C showed the greater adsorption capacity (29.8 mg g−1). RBC500 was selected to study the initial metal concentration effects (5–320 mg L−1) and time of contact (30–240 min) on removal efficiency of Cu(II). The optimum results from the study showed that for Cu adsorption was pH = 5, adsorbent dose 0.1 g L−1, and contact duration of 180 min. A strong fit to the kinetics (R2 = 0.99) was shown by pseudo-second-order model, and strong fit to the adsorption isotherms was shown by Langmuir model (R2 = 0.99) of Cu(II) adsorption.

Patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) are generally ventilated in either 45° head elevation or prone position as they are associated with decreased incidence of ventilator-associated pneumonia and mortality, respectively.A case report with possible explanation for the observed changes has been mentioned.Trendelenburg ventilation delivered more TV than propped up or prone ventilation in patients of ARDS with poor lung compliance and diaphragmatic dysfunction.Trendelenburg ventilation increases static lung compliance and delivers more TV when compared to propped up/supine/prone ventilation in patients of ARDS with poor lung compliance and diaphragmatic dysfunction. Although the exact mechanism behind this is not known till now, we formulated few theories that could explain the possible mechanism.Kodamanchili S, Saigal S, Anand A, Panda R, Priyanka TN, Balakrishnan GT

The outcomes in critical illness depend on disease severity, practice protocols, workload, and access to care. This study investigates the factors affecting outcomes in mechanically ventilated coronavirus disease-2019 acute respiratory distress syndrome (COVID-19 ARDS) patients admitted in a tertiary teaching hospital intensive care unit (ICU) in Central India with reference to different time periods in pandemic. This is one of the largest series of mechanically ventilated COVID-19 ARDS patients, globally.This retrospective cohort study classified the entire data into four time periods (Period 1: April 2020 to June 2020; Period 2: July 2020 to September 2020; Period 3: October 2020 to December 2020; and Period 4: January 2021 to April 2021). We performed a multivariable-adjusted analysis to evaluate predictors of mortality, adjusted for baseline-severity, sequential organ failure assessment (SOFA score) and time period. We applied mixed-effect binomial logistic regression to model fixed-effect variables with incremental complexity.Among the 56 survivors (19.4%) out of 288 mechanically ventilated patients, there was an up-gradient of survival proportion (0, 18.2, 17.4, and 28.6%) in four time periods. Symptom-intubation interval (OR 1.16; 95% CI 1.03-1.31) and driving pressures (DPs) (OR 1.17; 95% CI 1.07-1.28) were significant predictors of mortality in the model having minimal AIC and BIC values. Patients aged above 60 years also had a larger effect, but statistically insignificant effect favoring mortality (OR 1.99; 95% CI 0.92-4.27). The most complex but less parsimonious model (with higher AIC/BIC) indicated the protective odds of high steroid on mortality (OR 0.59; 95% CI 0.59-0.82).The outcomes in mechanically ventilated COVID-19 ARDS patients are heterogeneous across time windows and may be affected by the complex interaction of baseline risk and critical care parameters.Saigal S, Joshi A, Panda R, Goyal A, Kodamanchili S, Anand A

This study is primarily focused on analyzing the consequences of sea water absorption and desorption on the long-term durability of glass fiber/epoxy (GE) and 0.5 wt graphene oxide (GO) dispersed glass fiber/epoxy (GO-GE) composites. Both GE and GO-GE composite specimens were initially exposed to natural seawater for a duration of 9 months. Desorption was also carried out for some of the seawater saturated samples. Before ageing, flexural test and dynamic mechanical analysis were carried out to understand the impact of GO incorporation on the characteristics of GE composite. Using gravimetric analysis, the seawater uptake kinetic curves were determined for both the composites. Long-term durability was assessed by performing stepwise isothermal creep and recovery tests in 30°C to 120°C temperature range and analysis of the results involved the use of time-temperature superposition principle for constructing the creep master isotherms in different conditions (before ageing or dry state, saturated state, and desorbed state). © 2020 Society of Plastics Engineers

Biomass is a green energy source and is available in abundance. Biochar is a carbon-rich material derived from a wide range of biomass or organic waste through the thermochemical route. Biochar has received increasing attention because of its distinctive properties such as high carbon content, greater specific surface area, cation exchange capacity, nutrient retention capacity, and stable structure. This review paper extensively studies and reports the different pyrolysis processes, reactor types, the effect of process parameters on biochar yield, and its physicochemical properties, biochar activation methods, and applications. It also details the status of the research and development (R&D) progress in biochar production through conventional and advanced technologies. The study found that unlike many products (at R&D stage) biochar has high potential to scale up and has a direct impact on crop yield, water purification (for domestic and industrial application), alternative fuels (clean solid fuel for cookstove), air purification, catalyst, biogas production, purification, and storage. In addition, the paper lists the merits and challenges in the novel biochar applications like hydrogen storage, electrochemical capacitor, and fuel cell technology.

A head-to-head comparison of the most widely used oral rotavirus vaccines has not previously been done, particularly in a high child mortality setting. We therefore aimed to compare the immunogenicity of RotaTeq (Merck, Kenilworth, NJ, USA) and Rotarix (GlaxoSmithKline, Rixensart, Belgium) rotavirus vaccines in the same population and examined risk factors for low seroresponse.We did a randomised, controlled, open-label, parallel, phase 4 trial in urban slums within Mirpur and Mohakahli (Dhaka, Bangladesh). We enrolled eligible participants who were healthy infants aged 6 weeks and full-term (ie,gt;37 weeks' gestation). We randomly assigned participants (1:1), using block randomisation via a computer-generated electronic allocation with block sizes of 8, 16, 24, and 32, to receive either three RotaTeq vaccine doses at ages 6, 10, and 14 weeks or two Rotarix doses at ages 6 and 10 weeks without oral poliovirus vaccine. Coprimary outcomes were the rotavirus-specific IgA seroconversion in both vaccines, and the comparison of the rotavirus IgA seroconversion by salivary secretor phenotype in each vaccine arm. Seroconversion at age 18 weeks in the RotaTeq arm and age of 14 weeks in the Rotarix arm was used to compare the complete series of each vaccine. Seroconversion at age 14 weeks was used to compare two RotaTeq doses versus two Rotarix doses. Seroconversion at age 22 weeks was used to compare the immunogenicity at the same age after receiving the full vaccine series. Safety was assessed for the duration of study participation. This study is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT02847026.Between Sept 1 and Dec 8, 2016, a total of 1144 infants were randomly assigned to either the RotaTeq arm (n=571) or Rotarix arm (n=573); 1080 infants (531 in the RotaTeq arm and 549 in the Rotarix arm) completed the study. Rotavirus IgA seroconversion 4 weeks after the full series occurred in 390 (73%) of 531 infants age 18 weeks in the RotaTeq arm and 354 (64%) of 549 infants age 14 weeks in the Rotarix arm (p=0·01). At age 14 weeks, 4 weeks after two doses, RotaTeq recipients had lower seroconversion than Rotarix recipients (268 [50%] of 531 vs 354 [64%] of 549; plt;0·0001). However, at age 22 weeks, RotaTeq recipients had higher seroconversion than Rotarix recipients (394 [74%] of 531 vs 278 [51%] of 549; plt;0·0001). Among RotaTeq recipients, seroconversion 4 weeks after the third dose was higher than after the second dose (390 [73%] of 531 vs 268 [50%] of 531; plt;0·0001]. In the RotaTeq arm, rotavirus IgA seroconversion was lower in non-secretors than in secretors at ages 14 weeks (p=0·08), 18 weeks (p=0·01), and 22 weeks (p=0·02). Similarly, in the Rotarix arm, rotavirus IgA seroconversion was lower in non-secretors than in secretors at ages 14 weeks (p=0·02) and 22 weeks (p=0·01). 65 (11%) of 571 infants had adverse events in the RotaTeq arm compared with 63 (11%) of 573 infants in the Rotarix arm; no adverse events were attributed to the use of either vaccine. One death due to aspiration occurred in the RotaTeq arm, which was not related to the vaccine.RotaTeq induced a higher magnitude and longer duration of rotavirus IgA response than Rotarix in this high child mortality setting. Additional vaccination strategies should be evaluated to overcome the suboptimal performance of current oral rotavirus vaccines in these settings.US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.

We investigate the cool gas absorption in galaxy clusters by cross-correlating MgII absorbers detected in quasar spectra from Data Release 16 of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) with galaxy clusters identified in the Dark Energy Spectroscopic Instrument (DESI) survey. We find significant covering fractions ($1-5\, \%$ within $r_{500}$, depending on the chosen redshift interval), $\sim 4-5$ times higher than around random sightlines. While the covering fraction of cool gas in clusters decreases with increasing mass of the central galaxy, the total MgII mass within $r_{\rm 500}$ is nonetheless $\sim 10$ times higher than for SDSS luminous red galaxies (LRGs). The MgII covering fraction versus impact parameter is well described by a power law in the inner regions and a exponential function at larger distances. The characteristic scale of the transition between these two regimes is smaller for large equivalent width absorbers. Cross-correlating MgII absorption with photo-z selected cluster member galaxies from DESI reveals a statistically significant connection. The median projected distance between MgII absorbers and the nearest cluster member is $\sim200$ kpc, compared to $\sim500$ kpc in random mocks with the same galaxy density profiles. We do not find a correlation between MgII strength and the star formation rate of the closest cluster neighbour. This suggests that cool gas in clusters, as traced by MgII absorption, is: (i) associated with satellite galaxies, (ii) dominated by cold gas clouds in the intracluster medium, rather than by the interstellar medium of galaxies, and (iii) may originate in part from gas stripped from these cluster satellites in the past., Comment: 19 pages, revised version accepted for publication in MNRAS

We set up some of the basic probability concepts needed to define martingales. We study ”strategies” on martingales and how they help us prove convergence. In addition, we prove decomposition of processes in terms of martingales. Finally, we look at an example application of martingales to study the number of components in an Erdős-Rényi graph.

Molasses-based bioethanol is an alternative to fossil fuels and is of immense strategic significance to India for its energy security. The sustainability of a bioethanol project depends on a detailed assessment of biomass availability, infrastructure for processing the raw materials and environmental implications. The present article is focused on the demand for infrastructures for surplus molasses (i.e., molasses generated at the sugar industry however not processed to ethanol) in the top three sugarcane producing states of India using geospatial tools for two timelines, i.e., present and future. The previous study has shown that along the entire supply chain of bioethanol; there is a severe shortage of distillation facility. Therefore, this study had identified the locations to erect the distillation facilities to minimize the carbon penalty on the bioethanol production system in India. Furthermore, life cycle assessment (LCA) was done to determine the environmental impact of the bioethanol supply chain in three different scenarios with different processing routes. The study showed that GHG emissions varied from 820 to 1230 ​kg CO2-eq for one ton of bioethanol production under different scenarios. The quantification of GHG emission, energy consumption, and impact on health during the process was also evaluated to quantify the impact of bioethanol production and generate data to support bioethanol policy formulation in India.

Major adverse cardiac events (MACE) are frequent in coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19). Remdesivir is used worldwide for treatment in COVID-19. In this retrospective observational study, our primary objective was to assess the impact of remdesivir administration on the incidence of MACE and associated 28 day survival in critically ill patients admitted for moderate to severe COVID-19 pneumonia.We analyzed the data of 437 patients admitted in intensive care unit (ICU) and divided them into two groups: R group (received remdesivir at ICU admission) and NR group (nonremdesivir) or based on the occurrence of MACE in ICU. We followed the data until discharge, death, or 28 days postadmission. Our primary objective was to investigate the log-odds of survival with remdesivir administration and a correlation/regression analysis of MACE with remdesivir administration in all included patients.The incidence of MACE was 72 among 437 patients, with 17 (9.3%) patients in R group vs 55 (21.8%) in NR group (Our study showed significant reduction in MACE and mortality benefit in patients who received remdesivir in comparison to standard treatment.Panda R, Singh P, Jain G, Saigal S, Karna ST, Anand A

Decoration of the Carbon fiber (CF) surface using graphene based nano-fillers (GBN) by the electrophoretic deposition (EPD) is possibly one of the most emerging techniques for the enhancement of the mechanical response of carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) composites. Present investigation is focused on enhancing the flexural and interlaminar properties of a CFRP composite by surface modification of carbon fiber by EPD technique using GBN (graphene (G), graphene oxide (G-O), graphene hydroxyl (G-OH) and graphene carboxyl (G-COOH)). The highest flexural strength and interlaminar shear strength was obtained for the G-COOH modified CFRP composite, which are 9.6% and 22.9% higher than that of control CFRP respectively. Dynamic mechanical thermal analysis (DMTA) was conducted in the temperature range of 30 °C to 180 °C to understand the temperature dependent mechanical behavior of all the composites. In addition, fractographic analysis was carried out using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) to understand various failure micro-mechanisms.

Rising incidents of violence among people in public places is increasing concern in cities and mostly in highly dense cities of the country. The purpose of this research study is to design and develop an intelligent surveillance system based on deep learning technology which helps to detect violence and trigger an alert system. Using deep learning algorithms VGGNET, this study analyze the training and designing of model with violence dataset of hockey fights, movie fight scenes etc. which is able to detect violence in any live video stream. In this research the training data played a very big role in making the model accurate and configurable with various video monitoring systems. This study discussed the detailed design and implementation of embedded deep learning algorithms in Raspberry PI architecture to make smart surveillance system. The Results shows that the Algorithm proposed in this paper provides higher accuracy of 92.5%, which is higher in comparison to other existing algorithm.

When the Global Polio Eradication Initiative (GPEI) was established in 1988, an estimated 350,000 poliomyelitis cases were reported worldwide. In 2020, 140 wild poliovirus (WPV) cases were confirmed, representing a 99.99% reduction since 1988. WPV type 1 transmission remains endemic in only two countries (Pakistan and Afghanistan), but outbreaks of circulating vaccine-derived poliovirus (cVDPV) occurred in 33 countries during 2019-2020 (1,2). Poliovirus transmission is detected primarily through syndromic surveillance for acute flaccid paralysis (AFP) among children aged

How to cite this article: Anand A, Panghal R, Kaler P, Saigal S, Panda R, Kodamanchili S, et al. Reanalyzing the Mortality Analysis of COVID-19 Deaths in a Tertiary Care Center in India. Indian J Crit Care Med 2021; 25(10):1211.