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1. Formation of transfermium elements in reactions with $^{208}$Pb

Author

Albertsson, M., Carlsson, B. G., Døssing, T., Randrup, J., Rudolph, D., and Åberg, S.

Subjects
Nuclear Theory
Abstract

Within the Langevin framework, we investigate the dynamics of the fusion process for production of transfermium elements in reactions of $^{48}$Ca, $^{50}$Ti, $^{54}$Cr, and $^{58}$Fe with $^{208}$Pb. After the reacting nuclei have made contact, the early dynamical stage is dominated by the dissipation of the initial radial kinetic energy, while the subsequent shape evolution is diffusive. The probability for surmounting the inner barrier and forming a compound system is obtained by simulating the evolution as a Metropolis random walk in a five-dimensional potential-energy landscape. Good agreement with the available data is obtained, especially for the maximal formation probability., Comment: 10 pages, 10 figures

Published
2024

2. Runtime-coherence trade-offs for hybrid SAT-solvers

Author

Eshaghian, Vahideh, Wilkening, Sören, Åberg, Johan, and Gross, David

Subjects
Quantum Physics
Abstract

Many search-based quantum algorithms that achieve a theoretical speedup are not practically relevant since they require extraordinarily long coherence times, or lack the parallelizability of their classical counterparts.This raises the question of how to divide computational tasks into a collection of parallelizable sub-problems, each of which can be solved by a quantum computer with limited coherence time. Here, we approach this question via hybrid algorithms for the k-SAT problem. Our analysis is based on Sch\"oning's algorithm, which solves instances of k-SAT by performing random walks in the space of potential assignments. The search space of the walk allows for "natural" partitions, where we subject only one part of the partition to a Grover search, while the rest is sampled classically, thus resulting in a hybrid scheme. In this setting, we argue that there exists a simple trade-off relation between the total runtime and the coherence-time, which no such partition based hybrid-scheme can surpass. For several concrete choices of partitions, we explicitly determine the specific runtime coherence-time relations, and show saturation of the ideal trade-off. Finally, we present numerical simulations which suggest additional flexibility in implementing hybrid algorithms with optimal trade-off., Comment: 31 pages, 8 figures

Published
2024

3. Demagnetization dynamics after noncollinear dual optical excitation

Author

Parchenko, Sergii, Riepp, Matthias, Marotzke, Simon, Larsson, Agne Åberg, Kapaklis, Vassilios, Oppeneer, Peter M., and Scherz, Andreas

Subjects
Physics - Optics, Condensed Matter - Materials Science
Abstract

We explore the impact of optical excitation using two interfering ultrashort optical pulses on ultrafast magnetization dynamics. Our investigation focuses on Pt/Co/Pt multilayers and TbCo alloy samples, employing a dual pump approach. We observe significant variations in the dynamics of magnetization suppression and subsequent recovery when triggered with two optical pulses of the same polarization-essentially meeting conditions for interference. Conversely, dynamics triggered with cross-polarized pump beams exhibit expected similarity to that triggered with a single pulse. Delving into the underlying physical processes contributing to laser-induced demagnetization and recovery dynamics, we find that our current understanding cannot elucidate the observed trends. Consequently, we propose that optical excitation with interfering light possesses not previously acknowledged capacity to induce long-lasting alterations in the dynamics of angular momentum.

Published
2024

4. Optically Induced Ferromagnetic Order in a Ferrimagnet

Author

Parchenko, Sergii, Larsson, Agne Åberg, Kapaklis, Vassilios, Sharma, Sangeeta, and Scherz, Andreas

Subjects
Condensed Matter - Materials Science, Physics - Classical Physics
Abstract

The parallel or antiparallel arrangement of electron spins plays a pivotal role in determining the properties of a physical system. To meet the demands for innovative technological solutions, extensive efforts have been dedicated to exploring effective methods for controlling and manipulating this arrangement [1]. Among various techniques, ultrashort laser pulses have emerged as an exceptionally efficient tool to influence magnetic order. Ultrafast suppression of the magnetic order [2,3], all-optical magnetization switching [4, 5, 6, 7], and light-induced magnetic phase transitions [8] are just a few notable examples. However, the transient nature of light-induced changes in the magnetic state has been a significant limitation, hindering their practical implementation. In this study, we demonstrate that infrared ultrashort laser pulses can induce a ferromagnetic arrangement of magnetic moments in an amorphous TbCo alloy, a material that exhibits ferrimagnetism under equilibrium conditions. Strikingly, the observed changes in the magnetic properties persist for significantly longer durations than any previously reported findings. Our results reveal that ultrashort optical pulses can generate materials with identical chemical composition and structural state but entirely distinct magnetic arrangements, leading to unique magnetic properties. This breakthrough discovery marks a new era in light-driven control of matter, offering the exciting potential to create materials with properties that were once considered unattainable.

Published
2023

5. Pericoronary Adipose Tissue Density, Inflammation, and Subclinical Coronary Artery Disease Among People With HIV in the REPRIEVE Cohort

Author

Foldyna, Borek, Mayrhofer, Thomas, Zanni, Markella V, Lyass, Asya, Barve, Radhika, Karady, Julia, McCallum, Sara, Burdo, Tricia H, Fitch, Kathleen V, Paradis, Kayla, Fulda, Evelynne S, Diggs, Marissa R, Bloomfield, Gerald S, Malvestutto, Carlos D, Fichtenbaum, Carl J, Aberg, Judith A, Currier, Judith S, Ribaudo, Heather J, Hoffmann, Udo, Lu, Michael T, Douglas, Pamela S, and Grinspoon, Steven K

Subjects
Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Clinical Sciences, Infectious Diseases, Clinical Trials and Supportive Activities, Cardiovascular, Aging, Clinical Research, Sexually Transmitted Infections, Heart Disease, HIV/AIDS, Prevention, Heart Disease - Coronary Heart Disease, Atherosclerosis, Aetiology, 2.1 Biological and endogenous factors, Good Health and Well Being, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Adipose Tissue, Biomarkers, Coronary Angiography, Coronary Artery Disease, Coronary Vessels, HIV, HIV Infections, Inflammation, Plaque, Atherosclerotic, pericoronary adipose tissue, coronary plaque, coronary artery disease, inflammation, Biological Sciences, Medical and Health Sciences, Microbiology, Clinical sciences
Abstract

BackgroundPericoronary adipose tissue (PCAT) may influence plaque development through inflammatory mechanisms. We assessed PCAT density, as a measure of pericoronary inflammation, in relationship to coronary plaque among people with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV [PWH]) and to a matched control population.MethodsIn this baseline analysis of 727 participants of the Randomized Trial to Prevent Vascular Events in HIV (REPRIEVE) Mechanistic Substudy, we related computed tomography-derived PCAT density to presence and extent (Leaman score) of coronary artery disease (CAD), noncalcified plaque, coronary artery calcium (CAC), and vulnerable plaque features using multivariable logistic regression analyses. We further compared the PCAT density between PWH and age, sex, body mass index, CAC score, and statin use-matched controls from the community-based Framingham Heart Study (N = 464), adjusting for relevant clinical covariates.ResultsAmong 727 REPRIEVE participants (age 50.8 ± 5.8 years; 83.6% [608/727] male), PCAT density was higher in those with (vs without) coronary plaque, noncalcified plaque, CAC >0, vulnerable plaque, and high CAD burden (Leaman score >5) (P < .001 for each comparison). PCAT density related to prevalent coronary plaque (adjusted odds ratio [per 10 HU]: 1.44; 95% confidence interval, 1.22-1.70; P < .001), adjusted for clinical cardiovascular risk factors, body mass index, and systemic immune/inflammatory biomarkers. Similarly, PCAT density related to CAC >0, noncalcified plaque, vulnerable plaque, and Leaman score >5 (all P ≤ .002). PCAT density was greater among REPRIEVE participants versus Framingham Heart Study (-88.2 ± 0.5 HU versus -90.6 ± 0.4 HU; P < .001).ConclusionsAmong PWH in REPRIEVE, a large primary cardiovascular disease prevention cohort, increased PCAT density independently associated with prevalence and severity of coronary plaque, linking increased coronary inflammation to CAD in PWH.

Published
2023

6. Biological and Clinical Implications of the Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Coreceptor Neuropilin-1 in Human Immunodeficiency Virus

Author

Schnittman, Samuel R, Kolossváry, Márton, Beck-Engeser, Gabriele, Fitch, Kathleen V, Ambayec, Gabrielle C, Nance, Robin M, Zanni, Markella V, Diggs, Marissa, Chan, Fay, McCallum, Sara, Toribio, Mabel, Bamford, Laura, Fichtenbaum, Carl J, Eron, Joseph J, Jacobson, Jeffrey M, Mayer, Kenneth H, Malvestutto, Carlos, Bloomfield, Gerald S, Moore, Richard D, Umbleja, Triin, Saag, Michael S, Aberg, Judith A, Currier, Judith S, Delaney, Joseph AC, Martin, Jeffrey N, Lu, Michael T, Douglas, Pamela S, Ribaudo, Heather J, Crane, Heidi M, Hunt, Peter W, and Grinspoon, Steven K

Subjects
Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Immunology, Heart Disease, HIV/AIDS, Infectious Diseases, Aging, Sexually Transmitted Infections, Heart Disease - Coronary Heart Disease, Prevention, Cardiovascular, 2.1 Biological and endogenous factors, Aetiology, Cancer, Good Health and Well Being, cancer, cardiovascular disease, HIV, neuropilin-1, VEGF, Clinical sciences, Medical microbiology
Abstract

Plasma vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) coreceptor neuropilin-1 (NRP-1) had the largest association with coronary plaque in the Randomized Trial to Prevent Vascular Events in HIV (REPRIEVE) proteomics analysis. With little known about NRP-1 in people with human immunodeficiency virus (PWH), we explored its relation to other proteins in REPRIEVE and validated our findings through a Centers for AIDS Research Network of Integrated Clinical Systems (CNICS) case-cohort study by assessing its relation to host factors and incident cardiovascular disease and cancer. Within REPRIEVE, NRP-1 was associated with proteins involved in angiogenesis, signal transduction, immunoregulation, and cell migration/adhesion. Within CNICS, NRP-1 was associated with key host factors, including older age and male sex. NRP-1 was associated with an increased hazard of multiple cancers but a decreased prostate cancer risk. Finally, NRP-1 was most strongly associated with mortality and type 2 myocardial infarction. These data suggest that NRP-1 is part of a clinically relevant immunoregulatory pathway related to multiple comorbidities in PWH. Clinical Trials Registration. NCT02344290.

Published
2023

7. PRC2-AgeIndex as a universal biomarker of aging and rejuvenation

Author

Moqri, Mahdi, Cipriano, Andrea, Simpson, Daniel J., Rasouli, Sajede, Murty, Tara, de Jong, Tineke Anna, Nachun, Daniel, de Sena Brandine, Guilherme, Ying, Kejun, Tarkhov, Andrei, Aberg, Karolina A., van den Oord, Edwin, Zhou, Wanding, Smith, Andrew, Mackall, Crystal, Gladyshev, Vadim N., Horvath, Steve, Snyder, Michael P., and Sebastiano, Vittorio

Published
2024
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9. Spectral-partitioned Kohn-Sham density functional theory

Author

Sadigh, Babak, Aberg, Daniel, and Pask, John

Subjects
Physics - Plasma Physics, Physics - Chemical Physics
Abstract

We introduce a general, variational scheme applied to Kohn-Sham density functional theory that allows for partitioning of the ground-state density matrix into distinct spectral domains, each of which spanned by an independent diagonal representation without requirement of mutual orthogonality. It is shown that by generalizing the entropic contribution to the free energy to allow for independent representations in each spectral domain, the free energy becomes an upper bound to the exact one, attaining this limit as representations approach Kohn-Sham eigenfunctions. A numerical procedure is devised for effective calculation of the generalized entropy associated with spectral partitioning of the density matrix. The result is a powerful framework for Kohn-Sham calculations of systems whose occupied subspaces span multiple energy regimes. As a case in point, we apply the proposed framework to warm- and hot-dense matter described by finite-temperature density functional theory, where at high energies the density matrix is represented by that of the free-electron gas, while at low energies it is variationally optimized. We derive expressions for the spectral-partitioned Kohn-Sham Hamiltonian, atomic forces, and macroscopic stresses within the projector-augmented wave (PAW) and the norm-conserving pseudopotential methods. It is demonstrated that at high temperatures, spectral partitioning facilitates accurate calculations at dramatically reduced computational cost. Moreover, as temperature is increased, fewer exact Kohn-Sham states are required for a given accuracy, leading to further reductions in computational cost. Finally, it is shown that standard multi-projector expansions of electronic orbitals within atomic spheres in the PAW method lack sufficient completeness at high temperatures. Spectral partitioning provides a systematic solution for this fundamental problem.

Published
2023

15. Did the Pandemic Increase Social Media–Induced Appearance Pressures?

Author

Sarpila, Outi, Koivula, Aki, Åberg, Erica, Goos, Gerhard, Series Editor, Hartmanis, Juris, Founding Editor, van Leeuwen, Jan, Series Editor, Hutchison, David, Editorial Board Member, Kanade, Takeo, Editorial Board Member, Kittler, Josef, Editorial Board Member, Kleinberg, Jon M., Editorial Board Member, Kobsa, Alfred, Series Editor, Mattern, Friedemann, Editorial Board Member, Mitchell, John C., Editorial Board Member, Naor, Moni, Editorial Board Member, Nierstrasz, Oscar, Series Editor, Pandu Rangan, C., Editorial Board Member, Sudan, Madhu, Series Editor, Terzopoulos, Demetri, Editorial Board Member, Tygar, Doug, Editorial Board Member, Weikum, Gerhard, Series Editor, Vardi, Moshe Y, Series Editor, Bertino, Elisa, Editorial Board Member, Gao, Wen, Editorial Board Member, Steffen, Bernhard, Editorial Board Member, Yung, Moti, Editorial Board Member, Woeginger, Gerhard, Editorial Board Member, Coman, Adela, editor, and Vasilache, Simona, editor

Published
2024
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16. Identification of pre-infection markers and differential plasma protein expression following SARS-CoV-2 infection in people living with HIV

Author

Kolossváry, Márton, deFilippi, Chris, McCallum, Sara, Fitch, Kathleen V, Diggs, Marissa R, Fulda, Evelynne S, Ribaudo, Heather J, Fichtenbaum, Carl J, Aberg, Judith A, Malvestutto, Carlos D, Currier, Judith S, Casado, Jose L, Gutiérrez, Félix, Sereti, Irini, Douglas, Pamela S, Zanni, Markella V, and Grinspoon, Steven K

Subjects
Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Clinical Sciences, Emerging Infectious Diseases, Infectious Diseases, Prevention, HIV/AIDS, Clinical Research, Clinical Trials and Supportive Activities, Infection, Good Health and Well Being, Male, Humans, Middle Aged, Female, COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2, Pandemics, Proteomics, Blood Proteins, Antibodies, Viral, Anti-Retroviral Agents, Human immunodeficiency virus, Granzyme, Public Health and Health Services, Clinical sciences, Epidemiology
Abstract

BackgroundMechanisms contributing to COVID-19 severity in people with HIV (PWH) are poorly understood. We evaluated temporal changes in plasma proteins following SARS-CoV-2 infection and identified pre-infection proteomic markers associated with future COVID-19.MethodsWe leveraged data from the global Randomized Trial to Prevent Vascular Events in HIV (REPRIEVE). Antiretroviral therapy (ART)-treated PWH with clinical, antibody-confirmed COVID-19 as of September 2021 were matched on geographic region, age, and sample timing to antibody negative controls. For cases and controls, pre COVID-19 pandemic specimens were obtained prior to January 2020 to assess change over time and relationship to COVID-19 severity, using false-discovery adjusted mixed effects modeling.FindingsWe compared 257 unique plasma proteins in 94 COVID-19 antibody-confirmed clinical cases and 113 matched antibody-negative controls, excluding COVID-19 vaccinated participants (age 50 years, 73% male). 40% of cases were characterized as mild; 60% moderate to severe. Median time from COVID-19 infection to follow-up sampling was 4 months. Temporal patterns of protein changes differed based on COVID-19 disease severity. Among those experiencing moderate to severe disease vs. controls, NOS3 increased whereas ANG, CASP-8, CD5, GZMH, GZMB, ITGB2, and KLRD1 decreased. Higher pre-pandemic levels of granzymes A, B and H (GZMA, GZMB and GZMH) were associated with the future development of moderate-severe COVID-19 and were related to immune function.InterpretationWe identified temporal changes in proteins closely linked to inflammatory, immune, and fibrotic pathways which may relate to COVID-19-related morbidity among ART-treated PWH. Further we identified key granzyme proteins associated with future COVID-19 in PWH.FundingThis study is supported through NIH grants U01HL123336, U01HL123336-06 and 3U01HL12336-06S3, to the clinical coordinating center, and U01HL123339, to the data coordinating center as well as funding from Kowa Pharmaceuticals, Gilead Sciences, and a grant award through ViiV Healthcare. The NIAID supported this study through grants UM1 AI068636, which supports the AIDS Clinical Trials Group (ACTG) Leadership and Operations Center, and UM1 AI106701, which supports the ACTG Laboratory Center. This work was also supported by NIAID through grant K24AI157882 to MZ. The work of IS was supported by the intramural research program of NIAID/NIH.

Published
2023

17. Impact of host factors and COVID-19 infection on the humoral immune repertoire in treated HIV

Author

Schnittman, Samuel R, Jung, Wonyeong, Fitch, Kathleen V, Zanni, Markella V, McCallum, Sara, Lee, Jessica Shih-Lu, Shin, Sally, Davis, Brandon J, Fulda, Evelynne S, Diggs, Marissa R, Giguel, Francoise, Chinchay, Romina, Sheth, Anandi N, Fichtenbaum, Carl J, Malvestutto, Carlos D, Aberg, Judith A, Currier, Judith, Lauffenburger, Douglas A, Douglas, Pamela S, Ribaudo, Heather J, Alter, Galit, and Grinspoon, Steven K

Subjects
Medical Microbiology, Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Immunology, Emerging Infectious Diseases, Lung, Prevention, Infectious Diseases, HIV/AIDS, Clinical Research, 2.1 Biological and endogenous factors, Aetiology, Inflammatory and immune system, Infection, Good Health and Well Being, Female, Humans, Anti-Retroviral Agents, Antibodies, Viral, CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes, COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2, HIV Infections, AIDS/HIV, Adaptive immunity, Immunoglobulins, Obesity, Biomedical and clinical sciences, Health sciences
Abstract

People with HIV (PWH) appear to be at higher risk for suboptimal pathogen responses and for worse COVID-19 outcomes, but the effects of host factors and COVID-19 on the humoral repertoire remain unclear. We assessed the antibody isotype/subclass and Fc-receptor binding Luminex arrays of non-SARS-CoV-2 and SARS-CoV-2 humoral responses among antiretroviral therapy-treated (ART-treated) PWH. Among the entire cohort, COVID-19 infection was associated with higher cytomegalovirus (CMV) responses (vs. the COVID- cohort ), potentially signifying increased susceptibility or a consequence of persistent inflammation. Among the COVID+ participants, (a) higher BMI was associated with a striking amplification of SARS-CoV-2 responses, suggesting exaggerated inflammatory responses, and (b) lower nadir CD4 was associated with higher SARS-CoV-2 IgM and FcγRIIB binding capacity, indicating poorly functioning extrafollicular and inhibitory responses. Among the COVID-19- participants, female sex, older age, and lower nadir CD4 were associated with unique repertoire shifts. In this first comprehensive assessment of the humoral repertoire in a global cohort of PWH, we identify distinct SARS-CoV-2-specific humoral immune profiles among PWH with obesity or lower nadir CD4+ T cell count, underlining plausible mechanisms associated with worse COVID-19-related outcomes in this setting. Host factors associated with the humoral repertoire in the COVID-19- cohort enhance our understanding of these important shifts among PWH.

Published
2023

18. Coronary Artery Plaque Composition and Severity Relate to the Inflammasome in People With Treated Human Immunodeficiency Virus

Author

Schnittman, Samuel R, Kitch, Douglas W, Swartz, Talia H, Burdo, Tricia H, Fitch, Kathleen V, McCallum, Sara, Flynn, Jacqueline M, Fulda, Evelynne S, Diggs, Marissa R, Stapleton, Jack T, Casado, José L, Taron, Jana, Currier, Judith S, Zanni, Markella V, Malvestutto, Carlos, Fichtenbaum, Carl J, Aberg, Judith A, Ribaudo, Heather J, Lu, Michael T, Douglas, Pamela S, and Grinspoon, Steven K

Subjects
Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Dentistry, Prevention, Clinical Research, Heart Disease, Atherosclerosis, Heart Disease - Coronary Heart Disease, Cardiovascular, atherosclerosis, HIV, inflammasome, Leaman score, Clinical sciences, Medical microbiology
Abstract

BackgroundInflammasome activation is increased in people with human immunodeficiency virus (PWH), but its relationship with coronary plaque is poorly understood in this setting.MethodsIn a large human immunodeficiency virus cardiovascular prevention cohort, relationships between caspase-1, interleukin (IL)-1β, and IL-18 and coronary plaque indices were assessed by multivariate logistic regression.ResultsHigher IL-18 and IL-1β were associated with Leaman score, an integrative measure of plaque burden and composition.ConclusionsAs Leaman score >5 is associated with cardiovascular events in the general population, future work is needed to determine how the inflammasome relates to events and whether strategies to reduce its activation affect events or plaque progression among PWH.

Published
2023

19. Pro-inflammatory and pro-resolving lipid mediators of inflammation in HIV: effect of aspirin intervention

Author

Dalli, Jesmond, Kitch, Douglas, O'Brien, Meagan P, Hunt, Peter W, Funderburg, Nicholas, Moisi, Daniela, Gupta, Amita, Brown, Todd T, Tien, Phyllis C, Aberg, Judith A, and Shivakoti, Rupak

Subjects
Medical Microbiology, Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Clinical Research, Cardiovascular, Heart Disease, Infectious Diseases, Prevention, HIV/AIDS, Good Health and Well Being, Humans, Aspirin, Cardiovascular Diseases, Eicosanoids, HIV Infections, Inflammation, Inflammation Mediators, HIV, SPMs, Clinical Sciences, Public Health and Health Services, Clinical sciences, Epidemiology
Abstract

BackgroundPersons with HIV (PWH) have an increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) compared to HIV-seronegative individuals (SN). Inflammation contributes to this risk but the role of lipid mediators, with central roles in inflammation, in HIV infection remain to be established; further aspirin reduces CVD risk in the general population through production of some of these anti-inflammatory lipid mediators, but they have not been studied in PWH.MethodsWe evaluated the relationship between plasma lipid mediators (i.e. 50 lipid mediators including classic eicosanoids and specialized pro-resolving mediators (SPMs)) and HIV status; and the impact of aspirin in PWH on regulating these autacoids. Plasma samples were obtained from 110 PWH receiving antiretroviral therapy (ART) from a randomized trial of aspirin (ACTG-A5331) and 107 matched SN samples (MACS-WIHS Combined Cohort).FindingsPWH had lower levels of arachidonic acid-derived pro-inflammatory prostaglandins (PGs: PGE2 and PGD2) and thromboxanes (Tx: TxB2), and higher levels of select pro-resolving lipid mediators (e.g. RvD4 and MaR2n-3 DPA) compared to SN. At the interval tested, aspirin intervention was observed to reduced PGs and Tx, and while we did not observe an increase in aspirin triggered mediators, we observed the upregulation of other SPM in aspirin treated PWH, namely MaR2n-3 DPA.InterpretationTogether these observations demonstrate that plasma lipid mediators profiles, some with links to systemic inflammation and CVD risk, become altered in PWH. Furthermore, aspirin intervention did not increase levels of aspirin-triggered pro-resolving lipid mediators, consistent with other reports of an impaired aspirin response in PWH.FundingNIH.

Published
2023

20. Extending the analogy between intracellular motion in mammalian cells and glassy dynamics

Author

Corci, B., Hooiveld, O., Dolga, A. M., and Åberg, C.

Subjects
Condensed Matter - Soft Condensed Matter, Physics - Biological Physics, Quantitative Biology - Subcellular Processes
Abstract

The physics of how molecules, organelles, and foreign objects move within living cells has been extensively studied in organisms ranging from bacteria to human cells. In mammalian cells, in particular, cellular vesicles move across the cell using motor proteins that carry the vesicle down the cytoskeleton to their destination. We have recently noted several similarities between the motion of such vesicles and that in disordered, "glassy", systems, but it remains unclear whether that is a general observation or something specific to certain vesicles in one particular cell type. Here we follow the motion of mitochondria, the organelles responsible for cell energy production, in several mammalian cell types over timescales ranging from 50 ms up to 70 s. Qualitative observations show that single mitochondria remain stalled, remaining within a spatially limited region, for extended periods of time, before moving longer distances relatively quickly. Analysing this motion quantitatively, we observe a displacement distribution that is roughly Gaussian for shorter distances ($\lesssim$ 0.05 $\mu$m) but which exhibits exponentially decaying tails at longer distances (up to 0.40 $\mu$m). We show that this behaviour is well-described by a model originally developed to describe the motion in glassy systems. These observations are extended to in total 3 different objects (mitochondria, lysosomes and nano-sized beads enclosed in vesicles), 3 different mammalian cell types, from 2 different organisms (human and mouse). We provide further evidence that supports glass-like characteristics of the motion by showing a difference between the time it takes to move a longer distance for the first time and subsequent times, as well as a weak ergodicity breaking of the motion. Overall, we demonstrate the ubiquity of glass-like motion in mammalian cells, providing a different perspective on intracellular motion.

Published
2022

21. Cytomegalovirus Immunoglobulin G (IgG) Titer and Coronary Artery Disease in People With Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)

Author

Schnittman, Samuel R, Lu, Michael T, Mayrhofer, Thomas, Burdo, Tricia H, Fitch, Kathleen V, McCallum, Sara, Fulda, Evelynne S, Zanni, Markella V, Foldyna, Borek, Malvestutto, Carlos, Fichtenbaum, Carl J, Aberg, Judith A, Bloomfield, Gerald S, Overton, Edgar T, Currier, Judith, Tebas, Pablo, Sha, Beverly E, Ribaudo, Heather J, Flynn, Jacqueline M, Douglas, Pamela S, Erlandson, Kristine M, and Grinspoon, Steven K

Subjects
Medical Microbiology, Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Immunology, Prevention, Atherosclerosis, Infectious Diseases, HIV/AIDS, Cardiovascular, Patient Safety, Clinical Research, Clinical Trials and Supportive Activities, Heart Disease - Coronary Heart Disease, Heart Disease, 6.1 Pharmaceuticals, Evaluation of treatments and therapeutic interventions, Inflammatory and immune system, Infection, Good Health and Well Being, Male, Humans, Middle Aged, Female, Cytomegalovirus, Coronary Artery Disease, Immunoglobulin G, HIV, Cardiovascular Diseases, Cytomegalovirus Infections, HIV Infections, Biomarkers, human immunodeficiency virus, cytomegalovirus, cardiovascular disease, coronary artery disease, inflammation, Biological Sciences, Medical and Health Sciences, Microbiology, Clinical sciences
Abstract

BackgroundCytomegalovirus (CMV) infection is thought to result in increased immune activation in people with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV, PWH). Although some data have linked asymptomatic CMV infection to cardiovascular disease among PWH, it remains unknown whether CMV is associated with increased or high-risk coronary plaque.MethodsThe Randomized Trial to Prevent Vascular Events in HIV (REPRIEVE) enrolled PWH aged 40-75 years on stable antiretroviral therapy (ART) with low-to-moderate atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) risk. Among a subset of US REPRIEVE participants, coronary plaque was assessed by coronary computed tomography angiography. Here, we assessed the relationship between CMV immunoglobulin G (IgG) titer and (1) levels of immune activation, (2) inflammatory biomarkers, and (3) coronary plaque phenotypes at study entry.ResultsOf 672 participants, mean age was 51 years, 83% were men, median ASCVD risk score was 4.5%, and 66% had current CD4+ T-cell count ≥500 cells/mm3. Higher CMV IgG quartile group was associated with older age and lower current and nadir CD4+ T-cell counts. CMV IgG titer was associated with specific inflammatory biomarkers (sCD163, MCP-1, interleukin [IL]-6, hsCRP) in univariate analysis, but not after controlling for HIV-specific factors. In contrast, CMV IgG titer was not associated with coronary artery disease indexes, including presence of plaque, coronary artery calcium (CAC) score >0, vulnerable plaque presence, or Leaman score >5.ConclusionsNo meaningful association was seen between CMV IgG titer and coronary artery disease indexes among ART-treated PWH at study enrollment. Longitudinal assessments in REPRIEVE will determine the relationship of CMV IgG titer to plaque progression and cardiovascular events.Clinical trials registrationNCT02344290.

Published
2023

22. Sex Differences in Subclinical Atherosclerosis and Systemic Immune Activation/Inflammation Among People With Human Immunodeficiency Virus in the United States

Author

Zanni, Markella V, Foldyna, Borek, McCallum, Sara, Burdo, Tricia H, Looby, Sara E, Fitch, Kathleen V, Fulda, Evelynne S, Autissier, Patrick, Bloomfield, Gerald S, Malvestutto, Carlos D, Fichtenbaum, Carl J, Overton, Edgar T, Aberg, Judith A, Erlandson, Kristine M, Campbell, Thomas B, Ellsworth, Grant B, Sheth, Anandi N, Taiwo, Babafemi, Currier, Judith S, Hoffmann, Udo, Lu, Michael T, Douglas, Pamela S, Ribaudo, Heather J, and Grinspoon, Steven K

Subjects
Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Immunology, Infectious Diseases, Prevention, Atherosclerosis, Heart Disease, Cardiovascular, Clinical Research, Clinical Trials and Supportive Activities, Good Health and Well Being, Humans, Female, Male, United States, HIV, Sex Characteristics, 1-Alkyl-2-acetylglycerophosphocholine Esterase, Plaque, Atherosclerotic, Risk Factors, Inflammation, Biomarkers, Coronary Artery Disease, coronary atherosclerosis, inflammation, women, reproductive aging, Biological Sciences, Medical and Health Sciences, Microbiology, Clinical sciences
Abstract

BackgroundAmong people with HIV (PWH), sex differences in presentations of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) may be influenced by differences in coronary plaque parameters, immune/inflammatory biomarkers, or relationships therein.MethodsREPRIEVE, a primary ASCVD prevention trial, enrolled antiretroviral therapy (ART)-treated PWH. At entry, a subset of US participants underwent coronary computed tomography angiography (CTA) and immune phenotyping (n = 755 CTA; n = 725 CTA + immune). We characterized sex differences in coronary plaque and immune/inflammatory biomarkers and compared immune-plaque relationships by sex. Unless noted otherwise, analyses adjust for ASCVD risk score.ResultsThe primary analysis cohort included 631 males and 124 females. ASCVD risk was higher among males (median: 4.9% vs 2.1%), while obesity rates were higher among females (48% vs 21%). Prevalence of any plaque and of plaque with either ≥1 visible noncalcified portion or vulnerable features (NC/V-P) was lower among females overall and controlling for relevant risk factors (RR [95% CI] for any plaque: .67 [.50, .92]; RR for NC/V-P: .71 [.51, 1.00] [adjusted for ASCVD risk score and body mass index]). Females showed higher levels of IL-6, hs-CRP, and D-dimer and lower levels of Lp-PLA2 (P < .001 for all). Higher levels of Lp-PLA2, MCP-1, and oxLDL were associated with higher plaque (P < .02) and NC/V-P prevalence, with no differences by sex. Among females but not males, D-dimer was associated with higher prevalence of NC/V-P (interaction P = .055).ConclusionsAmong US PWH, females had a lower prevalence of plaque and NC/V-P, as well as differences in key immune/inflammatory biomarkers. Immune-plaque relationships differed by sex for D-dimer but not other tested parameters. Clinical Trial Registration. ClinicalTrials.gov; identifier: NCT0234429 (date of initial registration: 22 January 2015).

Published
2023

23. Proteomic Signature of Subclinical Coronary Artery Disease in People With HIV: Analysis of the REPRIEVE Mechanistic Substudy

Author

Kolossváry, Márton, deFilippi, Chris, Lu, Michael T, Zanni, Markella V, Fulda, Evelynne S, Foldyna, Borek, Ribaudo, Heather, Mayrhofer, Thomas, Collier, Ann C, Bloomfield, Gerald S, Fichtenbaum, Carl, Overton, Edgar T, Aberg, Judith A, Currier, Judith, Fitch, Kathleen V, Douglas, Pamela S, and Grinspoon, Steven K

Subjects
Epidemiology, Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Health Sciences, Cardiovascular, Heart Disease, Prevention, Atherosclerosis, Clinical Research, Heart Disease - Coronary Heart Disease, Detection, screening and diagnosis, 2.1 Biological and endogenous factors, 4.1 Discovery and preclinical testing of markers and technologies, Aetiology, Good Health and Well Being, Humans, Coronary Artery Disease, Cardiovascular Diseases, Proteomics, Plaque, Atherosclerotic, Risk Factors, HIV Infections, Risk Assessment, proteomics, HIV, coronary artery disease, plaque, CTA, Biological Sciences, Medical and Health Sciences, Microbiology, Biological sciences, Biomedical and clinical sciences, Health sciences
Abstract

BackgroundPeople with HIV (PWH) have subclinical coronary artery disease (CAD) despite low traditional atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) risk scores. Coronary plaque in PWH presents as a unique phenotype, but little is known about the contributions of specific inflammatory pathways to plaque phenotypes in PWH.MethodsThe REPRIEVE Mechanistic Substudy enrolled PWH on ART without known cardiovascular disease. We used a targeted discovery proteomics approach to evaluate 246 unique proteins representing cardiovascular, inflammatory, and immune pathways. Proteomic signatures were determined for presence of coronary artery calcium (CAC > 0) and presence of coronary plaque.ResultsData were available for 662 participants (aged 51 [SD 6] years, ASCVD risk score 4.9% [SD 3.1%]). Among 12 proteins associated with both CAC and presence of coronary plaque, independent of ASCVD risk score, the odds ratios were highest for NRP1: 5.1 (95% confidence interval [CI], 2.3-11.4) for CAC and 2.9 (95% CI, 1.4-6.1) for presence of plaque. Proteins uniquely related to presence of plaque were CST3, LTBR, MEPE, PLC, SERPINA5, and TNFSF13B; in contrast, DCN, IL-6RA, OSMR, ST2, and VCAM1 were only related to CAC.ConclusionsDistinct immune and inflammatory pathways are differentially associated with subclinical CAD phenotypes among PWH. This comprehensive set of targets should be further investigated to reduce atherosclerosis and ASCVD in PWH.Clinical trials registrationNCT02344290.

Published
2022

24. Factors Associated With Systemic Immune Activation Indices in a Global Primary Cardiovascular Disease Prevention Cohort of People With Human Immunodeficiency Virus on Antiretroviral Therapy

Author

Looby, Sara E, Kantor, Amy, Burdo, Tricia H, Currier, Judith S, Fichtenbaum, Carl J, Overton, Edgar T, Aberg, Judith A, Malvestutto, Carlos D, Bloomfield, Gerald S, Erlandson, Kristine M, Cespedes, Michelle, Kallas, Esper G, Masiá, Mar, Thornton, Alice C, Smith, Mandy D, Flynn, Jacqueline M, Kileel, Emma M, Fulda, Evelynne, Fitch, Kathleen V, Lu, Michael T, Douglas, Pamela S, Grinspoon, Steven K, Ribaudo, Heather J, and Zanni, Markella V

Subjects
Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Immunology, Heart Disease, Health Disparities, Infectious Diseases, Prevention, Sexually Transmitted Infections, Clinical Research, Minority Health, Clinical Trials and Supportive Activities, HIV/AIDS, Atherosclerosis, Cardiovascular, 6.1 Pharmaceuticals, Good Health and Well Being, Biomarkers, Cardiovascular Diseases, Female, HIV, HIV Infections, Humans, Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors, Integrases, Lipopolysaccharide Receptors, Lipoproteins, LDL, Male, Middle Aged, Nucleosides, Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors, cardiovascular disease risk, immune activation markers, women, reproductive aging, Biological Sciences, Medical and Health Sciences, Microbiology, Clinical sciences
Abstract

BackgroundAmong antiretroviral therapy (ART)-treated people with human immunodeficiency virus (PWH), persistent systemic immune activation contributes to atherogenesis atherosclerotic, cardiovascular disease (CVD) events, and mortality. Factors associated with key immune activation indices have not previously been characterized among a global primary CVD prevention cohort of PWH.MethodsLeveraging baseline Randomized Trial to Prevent Vascular Events in HIV (REPRIEVE) data, we evaluated factors associated with soluble CD14 (sCD14) and oxidized low-density lipoprotein (oxLDL).ResultsThe primary analysis cohort included 4907 participants from 5 global-burden-of-disease regions (38% female, 48% Black, median age 50 years). In fully adjusted models for sCD14, female sex and White race (among those in high-income regions) were associated with higher sCD14 levels, while higher body mass index (BMI) and current use of nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor + integrase strand transfer inhibitor ART were associated with lower sCD14 levels. In fully adjusted models for oxLDL, male sex, residence in high-income regions, White race (among those in high-income regions), and higher BMI were associated with higher oxLDL levels. In a subanalysis cohort of 1396 women with HIV, increased reproductive age was associated with higher sCD14 levels but not with higher oxLDL levels.ConclusionsFactors associated with sCD14 and oxLDL, 2 key indices of immune-mediated CVD risk, differ. Future studies will elucidate ways in which medications (eg, statins) and behavioral modifications influence sCD14 and oxLDL and the extent to which dampening of these markers mediates CVD-protective effects.Clinical trials registrationNCT0234429.

Published
2022

25. Real-world assessment of immunogenicity in immunocompromised individuals following SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccination: a two-year follow-up of the prospective clinical trial COVAXID

Author

Chen, Puran, Bergman, Peter, Blennow, Ola, Hansson, Lotta, Mielke, Stephan, Nowak, Piotr, Gao, Yu, Söderdahl, Gunnar, Österborg, Anders, Smith, C.I.Edvard, Vesterbacka, Jan, Wullimann, David, Cuapio, Angelica, Akber, Mira, Bogdanovic, Gordana, Muschiol, Sandra, Åberg, Mikael, Loré, Karin, Chen, Margaret Sällberg, Ljungman, Per, Buggert, Marcus, Aleman, Soo, and Ljunggren, Hans-Gustaf

Published
2024
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28. Association of Cardiac Troponin T With Coronary Atherosclerosis in Asymptomatic Primary Prevention People With HIV

Author

deFilippi, Christopher, McCallum, Sara, Zanni, Markella V., Fitch, Kathleen V., Diggs, Marissa R., Bloomfield, Gerald S., Fichtenbaum, Carl J., Aberg, Judith A., Malvestutto, Carlos D., Pinto-Martinez, Adriana, Stapleton, Ann, Duggan, Joan, Robbins, Gregory K., Taron, Jana, Karady, Julia, Foldyna, Borek, Lu, Michael T., Ribaudo, Heather J., Douglas, Pamela S., and Grinspoon, Steven K.

Published
2024
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31. Suboptimal and trait-like reinforcement learning strategies correlate with midbrain encoding of prediction errors

Author

Szlak, Liran, Aberg, Kristoffer, and Paz, Rony

Subjects
Quantitative Biology - Neurons and Cognition
Abstract

During probabilistic learning organisms often apply a sub-optimal "probability-matching" strategy, where selection rates match reward probabilities, rather than engaging in the optimal "maximization" strategy, where the option with the highest reward probability is always selected. Despite decades of research, the mechanisms contributing to probability-matching are still under debate, and particularly noteworthy is that no differences between probability-matching and maximization strategies have been reported at the level of the brain. Here, we provide theoretical proof for a computational model that explains the complete range of behaviors between pure maximization and pure probability-matching. Fitting this model to behavior of 60 participants performing a probabilistic reinforcement learning task during fMRI scanning confirmed the model-derived prediction that probability-matching relates to an increased integration of negative outcomes during learning, as indicated by a stronger coupling between midbrain BOLD signal and negative prediction errors. Because the degree of probability-matching was consistent within an individual across nine different conditions, our results further suggest that the tendency to express a particular learning strategy is a trait-like feature of an individual.

Published
2021

32. Measurement of circulating viral antigens post-SARS-CoV-2 infection in a multicohort study

Author

Abraham, Rachael, Ager, Arijan, Aguilar, Franchesca A., Ahmadi-Izad, Ghazal, Ahmed, Dilshad R., Alvarez, Alicarmen, Anderson, Blake, Asencios, Walter D., Atha, Mary, Beaty, Casey L., Bedi, Brahmchetna, Berry, Jasmine A., Boone, Donchel, Bower, Mary, Bremner, James D., Brent, Corbin, Brown-Smith, Ke'Ara, Bull, Rachel, Bush, Patricia A., Capo, Gustavo, Carl-Igwe, Kelechi, Chitadze, Calista, Chukwumerije, Nachi, Clyburn, Erna, Collins, Shelby, Costello, Julie, Couture, Grace, Craft, Angel, Cribbs, Sushma K., Cui, Xiangqin, Dandy, Annette, Rio, Carlos del, Jasarevic, Rijalda, Detelich, Joshua F., Dixon, Cartia, Dow, Jeanne, Doyle, D'Andrea, Elchommali, Jannah, Ibeawuchi, Carmel, Elsey, Imani, Fineman, Rebecca, Francis, Anyssa G., Franks, Nicole, Gallini, Julia, Gander, Jennifer C., Gray, Natalie, Grimes, Ash, Gutter, Evan, Han, Jenny E., Hang, Tina P., Harding, Jess, Hernandez, Liliana, Hewitt, Lauren N., Holloway, Carla, Hudgins, Alex F., Huerta, Christopher, Ifejika, Cynthia, Ingram, Ketteria D., Javia, Vidhi N., Jeter, Mykayla, Johnson, Brandi, Joseph, Yasha, Juarez, Monica, Kajan, Dana, Khalil, Lana, Kirkpatrick, Caitlin M., Kleinhenz, Dean, Kolailat, Imanii, Koumanelis, Athena, Koumanelis, Alexandra, Kozoman, Rebecca, Krishnan, Shilpa, Lainez, Jordi, Lawrence, Brianna, Lee, Matthew A., Leon, Jose D., Lew, Valerie, Lewis, Kennedy C., Litvack, Matthew, Maroney, Mara, Maier, Cheryl L., Makkaoui, Nour, Marconi, Vincent C., Martin, Christopher F., Martinez, Monica, Mbogo, Loice, McCaslin, Atuarra, McIntyre, Jerrod, Moanna, Abeer, Montoya, Miranda, Morales, Elena, Moran, Caitlin A., Morgan-Billingslea, Jan, Murray, Calista, Nelson, Roslin, Neuman, Robert B., Nguyen, Tran, Ofotokun, Ighovwerha, Ojemakinde, Elizabeth I., Ojoawo, Bukkie, Osinski, Eileen, Oviedo, Sofia, Panganiban, Bernadine, Paredes-Gaitan, Yolanda, Patzer, Rachel E., Pemu, Priscilla, Prude, Michael, Rahman, Kazi, Ramakrishnan, Grace, Rebolledo, Paulina A., Roberts, Marjorie, Robinson, Keysha, Rogers, Chantrice, Rouphael, Nadine G., Searles, Charles, Shah, Anand, Segall, Marni, Shaw, Renata M., Silva, Ruvina, Simpson, Cheryl, Simpson-Derrell, Krystal, Sirajud-Deen, Talib, Smith, Veronica E., Stringer, Andre, Stroud, Jacob, Suthar, Mehul S., Sylber, Cory, Sylvera, Ashley, Tanner, Tehquin, Teunis, Larissa J., Tolbert, Maliya, Thomas, Kodasha M., Thompson, Sierra G., Titanji, Kehmia, Toy, Christopher, Traenkner, Jessica, Truong, Alex, Unterberger, Kristen, Vaccarino, Viola, Varney, Kris, Vyas, Kartavya, Vyas, Kurt, Walker, Tiffany A., Walkow, Max, Wang, Dongli, Wesley, Tamara, Wiley, Zanthia, Wimberly, Erika, Winston, Juton R., Winter, Terra J., Wongtrakool, Cherry, Aikawa, Masanori, Alba, George A., Aung, Taing N., Baden, Lindsey, Baslet, Gaston, Bassett, Ingrid V., Bennett, Lindsey, Bhattacharyya, Shamik, Blazey-Martin, Deborah, Buring, Julie, Cagnina, Rebecca E., Chen, Li Qing, Clark, Cheryl R., Cohen, Pieter, Collier, Ai-Ris, Czeisler, Charles, Duffy, Elizabeth, Estill, Peter, Fong, Tamara, Gay, Elizabeth, Ghamloush, Maher, Ginns, Leo C., Haack, Monika, Haas, Jennifer, Hamburg, Naomi, Hauser, Kristine S., John, Janice, Jordan, Michael, Juelg, Boris D., Kanjilal, Diane G., Kim, Arthur Y., Klerman, Elizabeth B., Kobayashi, Misaki ., Kogelman, Laura, Lamas, Daniela, Levy, Bruce D., Levy-Carrick, Nomi, Lewis, Gregory, Maley, Jason H., Manson, JoAnn, Marathe, Jai G., Mullington, Janet M., O'Connor, George T., Ojikutu, Bisola, Perlis, Roy, Quintana, Yuri, Redline, Susan, Remis, Elijah J., Rosand, Jonathan, Sesso, Howard D., Shaughnessy, Lynn, Shepherd, Fitzgerald M., Solomon, Scott, Sparks, Jeffrey A., Spencer, Lia L., Stephenson, Kathryn, Systrom, David, Thomas, Robert J., Min Thu, Phyo Phyo, Ticotsky, Amberly, Torres, Robert, Wallace, Zachary S., Walt, David, Ward, Honorine D., Washko, George, Whittelsey, Maureen, Wiener, Rebecca, Williams, Charles T., Xerras, Dean, Zhang, Haihua, Zionts, Danielle, Armstrong, Donna, Binkley, Susan E., Blackwell, Kenneth, Brown, Todd, Carton, Thomas W., Causey, Annalia, Cook, Felice, Daniel, Casey L., Datri, Paula, Domingo, Julio, Donahue, Conner, Eady, Maitlyn, Edberg, Jeffrey, Erdmann, Nathaniel, Fuloria, Jyotsna, Garcia-McClaney, Noah, Garner, Melissa, Gillespie, Mark, Gray, Brandon, Hagensee, Michael, Hall, Wanda, Hansel, Jamie, Hart, Cady, Hebson, Camden L., Hidalgo, Bertha, Holtzapfel, Kaylen, Jinright, Alexis, Judd, Suzanne E., Kennedy, Teri, Kirkwood, Leigh, Leggio, Cathryn, Levitan, Emily B., Maier, Megan, McCormack, Patricia, Miele, Lucio, Mitchell, Kevin, Montgomery, Aoyjai, Peralta-Carcelen, Myriam, Perkins, Allen, Pilco, Juan P., Powell, Leigh, Shevin, Rachael, Skipworth, Sidney, Spurgeon, Leah, Sutherland, Erica, Tita, Alan T., Trauth, Amber, Trotter, Siobhan, Van Deerlin, Alexander, Ware, Gregory, Weiser, Sharon, Wilson, Rosanne, Woodruff, Dana, Wu, Jing, Young, Madeline, Alemu, Mhret, Anderson, Jordan, Ashktorab, Hassan, Brim, Hassan, Chang, Linda, Chauhan, Mahak, Cho, Sung, Durrani, Saima, Gentil, Monique P., Goodman, Karli, Laiyemo, Adeyinka O., Lanke, Gandi, Lebron, Ralph, Maheshwari, Anurag, Mehari, Alem, Nezamloo, Ali, Ngwa, Julius, Njoku, Noelle, Ok, Jina, Sherif, Zaki A., Solemani, Akbar, Thuluvath, Paul, To, Chau, Spikes, Leslie A., James, Judith A., Luciano Roman, Carlos A., Chow, Dominic C., Marshall, Gailen D., Dickinson, John D., Hoover, Susan E., Warren, David E., Emery, Ivette F., Sukhera, Fatima I., Rosen, Clifford J., Greenway, Frank L., Hodder, Sally L., Shikuma, Cecilia M., VanWagoner, Timothy M., Bardes, James M., Kirwan, John P., Wood, Jeremy P., Whiteheart, Sidney W., Shellito, Judd, Roelke, Theresa, Black, Lora, Tjarks, Brian, Fonseca, Vivian, Gupta, Shaveeta, Longo, Michele, Yang, Mei, MarGangcuangco, Louis, Bengtson, Charles, Castro, Mario, Howard, Theresa, Garvy, Beth, Simmons, Christopher, Garla, Vishnu, Kuebler, Joy, Nandi, Utsav, Vasey, Andrew, Bogie, Amanda, Scott, James, Frontera, Sigrid Perez, Bagur, Jorge Santana, Dominique-Villanueva, Daphne, Juskowich, Joy, Reece, Rebecca, Sarwari, Arif, Aponte-Soto, Lisa, Adams, Dara, Baker, Aileen, Barbera, Sunni, Basu, Sanjib, Bleasdale, Susan, Bolliger, Dawn, Boyd, Andrew D., Boyineni, Jerusha, Breiter, Taylor, Brown, Daniel, Buhimschi, Irina A., Carrithers, Michael D., Certa, Marta, Chalamalla, Rashmika, Chebrolu, Praneeth, Chestek, David, Chessier, Erica, Cook, Judith A., Cranford, Savannah, Curry, Hannah L., Darbar, Dawood, Dasgupta, Raktima, Blakley, Felicia Davis, DeLisa, Julie A., Del Rios, Marina, Diaz, Maya Z., Diviak, Kathleen R., Dixon, Jennifer, Donlon, Meghan F., Donohue, Sarah E., Dworkin, Mark S., Edmonds, Sherrie, Ellison, Angela, Everett, Emily, Flanigan, Clarie, Freedman, Michael B., Gale, Lisa, Gerald, Lynn B., Giles, Wayne H., Gordon, Howard S., Hafner, John, Hammad, Bayan, Hanson, Keith A., Harris, Pastor C., Hartwig, Kimberly, Hasek, Sharon, Hasse, Wendy, Hendrickson, Monica, Hobbs, Brianna, Hryniewicka, Martyna, Hammerl, Savannah, Hutton, Robert, Ibanez, Alejandra L., Illendula, Sai D., Ismail, Nahed, Jain, Akash, Jennette, Kyle J., Kadubek, Grace, Kent, Denise, Kotini-Shah, Pavitra, Kelly, Sara W., Kent, Denise A., Kim, Keri S., Kindred, Elijah, Klein, Jonathan D., Krishnan, Jerry A., Large, Lucia, Lash, James ., Lin, Janet Y., Lu, Jun, Mahamed, Abeer M., Maholovich, Phoebe, Malchenko, Sergey, Martinez, Miriam, Mauntel-Medici, Cammeo, Madineni, Abhigna, McCauley, Mark, Menchaca, Martha, Mermelstein, Robin, Moreno, David J., Morrissy, Liam, Muramatsu, Naoko, Musick, Hugh, Noland, Seth, Norwick, Lourdes, Novak, Richard M., Olds, Lela, Ortiz, Marilyn, Patel, Khushboo, Perez, Nicolas L., Pliskin, Neil H., Pope, Sam, Prabhakar, Bellur S., Prasad, Bharati, Predki, Barbara, Prendergast, Heather M., Quigley, John G., Ramchandran, Ramaswamy, Ramirez, Ana, Rappe, Sarah, Rehman, Jalees, Rolon, Cesar, Rowley, Matthew, Rudraraju, Gowrisree, Rutherfoord, Melissa, Sader, Samer B., Sculley, Jennifer A., Smith-Mack, Jerisha, Swearingen, Peyton, Stewart de Ramirez, Sarah A., Sudhindra, Praveen, Sun, Jun, Tartt, Nancy, Terlinde, Tracy, Thompson, Tiffany, Vanden Hoek, Terry L., Kelly, Sara Warfield, Villanueva, Laura, Welter, Hannah, Woolley, Brittany, Yazici, Cemal, Charney, Alexander W., Kovatch, Patricia, Merad, Miriam, Nadkarni, Girish N., Wisnivesky, Juan P., Aberg, Judith A., Ascolillo, Steven, Assenso, Esther, Bagiella, Emilia, Bartram, Logan, Becker, Jacqueline, Beckmann, Noam D., Bendl, Ashley, Chen, Benjamin K., Civil, Alyssa, Dhar, Kaberi, Evo-Ortega, Lorraine, Fierer, Daniel, Gallagher, Emily J., Garcia-Sastre, Adolfo, Gnjatic, Sacha, Guliyeva, Sabina, Harvey-Ingram, Lori, Herrera-Moreno, Julia, Hill, Matthew, Horowitz, Carol R., Jackson, Rachel, Kastrat, Din, Lala-Trindade, Anu, Lin, Jenny, Macaluso, Nick, Marcon, Kathryn, Meyer, Dara, Morinigo, Janice, Natelson, Benjamin H., Nussenzweig, Maya, Padua, Tiffani, Putrino, David, Quazi, Nawreen, Ramos, Michelle, Richardson, Lynne, Russo, Scott, Seifert, Alan C., Serri, Abdullah, Walker, Jordan, Yee, Michell, Adolphi, Natalie L., Alekhina, Natalya, Archuleta, David A., Barlocker, Jackson, Bateman, Lucinda, Bradfute, Steven B., Brito, Rebecca, Bryan, Tanner W., Buck, Kaitlin E., Davis, Debra, Deakyne Davies, Sara J., Decker, Lauren A., Elifritz, Jamie, Erlandson, Kristine M., Facelli, Julio C., Fudge, Harrison Z., Tran, Huong, Pitch, Chloe, Feuerriegel, Elen M., Ford, Isaac, Friedman, Naomi P., Garcia-Soberanez, Noella D., Gardner, Edward M., Stringham, Caitlyn, Ling, Leah, Gebremariam, Tewodros H., Gentry, Frederick D., Gouripeddi, Ramkiran, Graham, Paige, Gronert, Eve G., Harkins, Michelle S., Hawkins, Kellie L., Hess, Rachel, Johnny, Jace D., Johnson, Brandon M., Jolley, Sarah E., Lloyd, Jennifer, Ludwig, Katelyn R., Martinez, Noah I., McCandless, Sean A., Montoya, Lorenzo A., Oakes, Judy L., Parada, Alisha N., Quinn, Davin K., Raissy, Hengameh, Ramos, Alfredo, Reid, Kayleigh M., Reusch, Jane E., Sheehan, Elyce B., Sokol, Ron J., Treacher, Irena S., Trinity, Joel D., Truong, Dongngan T., West, Shelby C., Molden, Joie, Sharareh, Nasser, Weaver, Lisa J., Spivak, Adam M., Brown, Jeanette P., Shah, Kevin S., Pace, Laura A., Scholand, Mary Beth, Velinder, Matt, Cortez, Melissa, Morimoto, Sarah Shizuko, Vernon, Suzanne D., Lu, Yue, Owen, Megan, Hermansen, Jessica A., Lindsay, Ashton M., Donohue, Dagny K., Garg, Lohit, Wodushek, Thomas, Higgins, Janine, Lockie, Tim, Brightman, Marisa, Thurman, Brook, Powell, Jenny M., Freston, Dylan C., Medina, Juliemar C., Aguirre, Bailee, Anderson, Jeff, Bair, Tami, Bosh, Lindsay, Evans, Lorlie, Garrett, Chase, Harris, Dixie, Herrera, Katherine, Horne, Benjamin D., Juan, James, Knight, Stacey, Knowlton, Kirk, Leither, Lindsay, Maestas, Heather, May, Heidi T., Najarian, Gabriel, Woller, Scott C., Zubal, Shyanne, Jensen, McKenna M., Webb, Tiaura, Iverson, Leslie, Ayache, Mirna, Baloi, Alexis, Barnboym, Emma, Boldt, Nicholas, Bukulmez, Hulya, Chesnick, Hailey, Conrad, Ann, Consolo, Mary, Curtis, Lynette, D’anza, Brian, DiFrancesco, Kathryn, Edminston, Marissa, Eteshola, Ebenezer, Gallagher, Michelle, Gibson, Kelly S., Gordesky, Larraine, Greenwood, Carla, Haghiac, Maricela, Harris, Paul, Hernandez, Carla, Iqbal, Shirin, Kaelber, David C., Kaufman, Elizabeth S., Kennedy, Olivia, Labbato, Danielle, Lengu, Ketrin, Levert, Antonio, Levin, Jennifer, Lowenthal, Rebecca, Mackin, Bridget, Malakooti, Shahdi K., McComsey, Grace A., Minium, Judy, Mouchati, Christian, Oleson, Christine, Pearman, Ann, Hershey, Morgan, Rivera, Amanda, Rodgers, Michael, Rodgers, Theresa, Roy, Arnab, Russ, Kris, Scott, Sarah, Sheth, Niyati, Singer, Nora G., Smith, Beth, Smith, Cheryl, Stancin, Terry, Temple, Daniel, Tribout, Megan, Weinberger, Elisheva, Zhang, David, Zisis, Sokratis N., Atieh, Ornina, Yendewa, George, Baissary, Jhony, Pettinato, KImberly, Lim, Joaquin, Jacob, Joshua, Adams, Cara, Tejani, Viral, Algren, Heather A., Alicic, Radica, Baxter, Joni, Brennan, Conor, Caudill, Antonina, Chen, Peter, Chopra, Tananshi, Chu, Helen Y., Del Alcazar, James, Duven, Alexandria M., Edmark, Rick, Emerson, Sarah, Goldman, Jason D., Gutierrez, Vanessa, Hadlock, Jennifer, Harteloo, Alex, Heath, James R., Hood, Susan, Jackman, Susan, Kaneko, John, Kemp, Megan, Kim, Christina, Kuykendall, Kelli, Li, Sarah, Logue, Jennifer K., Magis, Andrew T., Manner, Paula, Mason, Carly, McCaffrey, Kathryn, McDonald, Connor, McDonald, Dylan, Murray, Kim M., Nackviseth, Callista, Nguyen, Helen, Parimon, Tanyalak, Poussier, Rachel, Rowen, Lee, Satira, Richard, Torbati, Sam, Tuttle, Katherine R., Wallick, Julie A., Yuan, Dan, Watanabe, Kino, Wilcox, Lauren E., Contreras, Fatima, Dahlke, Lea, Gudipudi, Lasya, Modes, Matthew, Muttera, Nicole, Salinas, Nancy, Tadeo, Josie, White, Shane, Alvarado, Stephanie, Anderson, Reed, Arellanes, Azaneth, Barajas, Rose A., Chauhan, Suneet P., Clarke, Geoffrey D., Farner, Cheryl E., Fischer, Melinda S., Goldberg, Mark P., Hasbani, Keren, Hastings, Gabrielyd, Heard, Patricia, Herrera, Italia, Infante, Edgar, Johnson, Hillary, Jones, Johnnie, Kellogg, Dean L., Kraig, Ellen, Longoria, Lisa, Nambiar, Anoop M., Okafor, Emeka, Paredes, Claudia C., Patterson, Thomas F., Patterson, Jan E., Pinones, Alexis, Potter, Jennifer S., Reeves, W.B., Saade, George R., Salehi, Marzieh, Scholler, Irma, Seshadri, Sudha, Shah, Dimpy P., Shah, Pankil, Sharma, Kumar, Sharma, Kavita, Soileau, Bridgette, Solis, Pamela, Stoebner, Carmen, Sullivan, Michael, Taylor, Barbara S., Tragus, Robin, Tsevat, Joel, Verduzco-Gutierrez, Monica, Ahuja, Neera, Blish, Catherine A., Blomkalns, Andra L., Bonilla, Hector, Brotherton, Richard, Clinton, Kimberly, Dingankar, Vaidehi, Geng, Linda N., Go, Minjoung, Haddad, Francois, Jagannathan, Prasanna, Jamero, Christopher, Jee, Kathryn, Jia, Xiaolin K., Khurana, Naresh, Kumar, Andre, Maldonado, Yvonne, Miglis, Mitchell G., O'Conor, Ellen, Olszewski, Kelly, Pathak, Divya, Quintero, Orlando, Scott, Jake, Singh, Upinder, Urdaneta, Alfredo E., Utz, Paul J., Varkey, Mary R., Saperia, Corey, Autry, Lynn, Bime, Christian, Borwege, Sabine, Copeland, Jacquelynn, DiLise-Russo, Marjorie, Ernst, Kacey C., Esquivel, Denise R., Fadden, Susan, Gomez, Isaias, Grischo, Garrett, Hansen, Lillian, Harris, David T., Harris, Stefanie, Hartley, William, Hernandez, Michael, Hillier, Leah, Hsu, Harvey, Hughes, Trina, Ismail, Hira, Iusim, Stephanie, James, Michelle, Kala, Mrinalini, Karnafel, Maria, Kim, Daniel, Knox, Kenneth S., Koleski, Alison, LaFleur, Bonnie, Lambert, Brenda, LaRue, Sicily, Lee-Iannotti, Joyce K., Lieberman, David, Lutrick, Karen, Merchant, Nirav, Morton, Christopher, Mosier, Jarrod M., Murthy, Ganesh, Nikolich, Janko Z., Olorunnisola, Toluwanimi, Parthasarathy, Sairam, Peralta, Jeanette, Pilling, William, Pogreba-Brown, Kristen, Reiman, Eric M., Rischard, Franz P., Ryan, Lee T., Smith, Terry, Snyder, Manuel, Soto, Francisco, Subbian, Vignesh, Suhr, Kyle, Unzek, Samuel, Vadovicky, Sheila, Velarde, Deanna, Veres, Sharry, Wilson, Cathleen, Anderson, Grace, Anglin, Khamal, Argueta, Urania, Asare, Kofi, Buitrago, Melissa, Chang Song, Celina, Clark, Alexus, Conway, Emily, Deeks, Steven G., Del Castillo, Nicole, Deswal, Monika, Durstenfeld, Matthew S., Eilkhani, Elnaz, Eun, Avery, Fehrman, Emily, Figueroa, Tony, Flores, Diana, Grebe, Halle, Henrich, Timothy J., Hoh, Rebecca, Hsue, Priscilla, Huang, Beatrice, Ibrahim, Rania, Kelly, John D., Kerbleski, Marian, Kirtikar, Raushun, Lew, Megan T., Lombardo, James, Lopez, Monica, Luna, Michael, Marquez, Carina, Martin, Jeffrey N., Munter, Sadie, Ngo, Lynn, Peluso, Michael J., Pineda-Ramirez, Jesus, Rhoads, Kim, Rodriguez, Antonio, Romero, Justin, Ryder, Dylan, So, Matthew, Somsouk, Ma, Tai, Viva, Tran, Brandon, Uy, Julian, Valdivieso, Daisy, Verma, Deepshika, Williams, Meghann, Zamora, Andhy, Newman, Lisa T., Abella, Julie, Barnette, Quinn, Bevc, Christine, Beverly, Jennifer, Ceger, Patricia, Croxford, Julie, Enger, Mike, Fain, Katie, Farris, Tonya, Hanlon, Sean, Hines, David, Johnson-Lawrence, Vicki, Jordan, Kevin, Lefebvre, Craig, Linas, Beth, Luukinen, Bryan, Mandal, Meisha, McKoy, Nikki J., Nance, Susan, Pasquarelli, Demian, Quiner, Claire, Sembajwe, Rita, Shaw, Gwendolyn, Thornburg, Vanessa, Tosco, Kendall, Wright, Hannah, Gross, Rachel S., Hochman, Judith S., Horwitz, Leora I., Katz, Stuart D., Troxel, Andrea B., Adler, Lenard, Akinbo, Precious, Almenana, Ramona, Aschalew, Malate, Balick, Lara, Bello, Ola, Bhuiyan, Sultana, Blachman, Nina, Branski, Ryan, Briscoe, Jasmine, Brosnahan, Shari, Bueler, Elliott, Burgos, Yvette, Caplin, Nina, Chaplin, Domonique, Chen, Yu, Cheng, Shen, Choe, Peter, Choi, Jess, Chung, Alicia, Church, Richard, Cobos, Stanley, Croft, Nakia, Irving, Angelique Cruz, Del Boccio, Phoebe, Díaz, Iván, Divers, Jasmin, Doshi, Vishal, Dreyer, Benard, Ebel, Samantha, Esquenazi-Karonika, Shari, Faustin, Arline, Febres, Elias, Fine, Jeffrey, Fink, Sandra, Freeland, Catherine, Frontera, Jennifer, Gallagher, Richard, Gonzalez-Duarte, Alejandra, Gross, Rachel, Hasson, Denise, Hill, Sophia, Hochman, Judith, Horwitz, Leora, Hossain, Jennifer, Islam, Shahidul, Jean, Christina Saint, Johnson, Stephen, Kansal, Neha, Katz, Stuart, Kenney, Rachel, Kershner, Tammy, Kewlani, Deepshikha, Kwak, Judy, Lamendola-Essel, Michelle F., Laury, Sarah, Laynor, Gregory, Lei, Lei, Leon, Terry, Linton, Janelle, Logan, Max, Malik, Nadia, Mamistvalova, Lia, Mandel, Hannah, Maranga, Gabrielle, Mattoo, Aprajita, Mei, Tony, Mendelsohn, Alan, Mercier, Emmanuelle, Vernetti, Patricio Millar, Miller, Marc, Mitchell, Maika, Moreira, Andre, Mudumbi, Praveen C., Nahin, Erica, Nair, Nandini, Nekulak, Joseph, Owens, Kellie, Parent, Brendan, Patibandla, Nandan, Petrov, Peter, Postelnicu, Radu, Pratt, Francesca, Randall, Isabelle, Rao, Priyatha, Rapkiewicz, Amy, Rizzo, JohnRoss, Rosas, Johana, Rose, Chelsea, Saint-Jean, Christina, Santacatterina, Michelle, Shah, Binita, Shaukat, Aasma, Simon, Naomi, Simsir, Aylin, Stinson, Miranda, Tang, Wenfei, Tatapudi, Vasishta, Thawani, Sujata, Thomas, Mary, Thorpe, Lorna, Tom, MeeLee, Treiha, Ethan, Troxel, Andrea, Truong, Jennifer, Udosen, Mmekom, Valencia, Carlos, Velazquez-Perez, Jessica, Vernetti, Patricio M., Vidal, Crystal, Viswanathan, Anand, Willerford, Amy, Williams, Natasha, Wong, Crystal, Wood, Marion J., Wuller, Shannon, Yin, Shonna H., Young, Chloe, Zaretsky, Jonah, Zavlunova, Susanna, Ahirwar, Shreya, Ahmed, Shifa, Ainsworth, Layne L., Atchley-Challenner, Rachel, Avilach, Paul, Balan, Trisha T., Benik, Nicholas, Benoit, Barbara, Bind, Marie-Abèle C., Bonaventura, William J., Boutin, Natalie, Brion, Beverly, Cagan, Andrew, Cai, Tianrun, Cao, Tingyi, Castro, Victor M., Cerretani, Xander R., Chan, James G., Cheng, David, Chibnik, Lori B., Ciriello, Mark, Costenbader, Karen, Dimitrov, Dimitar S., Estiri, Hossein, Fayad, Maria, Feldman, Candace H., Foulkes, Andrea, Gainer, Vivian, Ghosh, Bhaswati, Gollub, Randy, Guan, Zoe, Harris, Alan, Helmer, Karl, Hendrix, Andrew, Holzbach, Ana, Huang, Weixing, Karlson, Elizabeth W., Kaufman, Daniel, Keogh, Diane, Kerr, James D., Klann, Jeffrey G., Krishnamoorthy, Aparna, Lasky-Su, Jessica A., Liao, Katherine P., MacFadden, Doug, Maram, Anupama, Martel, Megan W., Mendis, Michael, Metta, Reeta, Monteiro, Jonathan, Morales, Eduardo, Morse, Richard E., Murphy, Shawn, Nazaire, Marc-Danie, Neils, Gregory, Nguyen, Amber N., Norman, James, Paik, Henry H., Pant, Deepti, Park, HeeKyong, Rabideau, Dustin J., Reeder, Harrison T., Rossi-Roh, Kathleen, Santacroce, Leah M., Schlepphorst, Katherine, Schulte, Carolin, Selvaggi, Caitlin A., Shinnick, Daniel J., Simons, William, Simpson, Lynn A., St. Jean Flanders, Mary L., Strasser, Zachary, Thakrar, Mansi R., Thaweethai, Tanayott, Thorn, Madeleine, Trewett, Philip, Van Fleet, Dustin, Wagholikar, Kavishwar B., Wang, Taowei D., Wattanasin, Nich, Weber, Griffin, Williams, Michael A., Zhang, Ren Zhe, Cicek, Mine, Chang, Nancy, Wirkus, Samantha, Zahnle, Nicole, Flotte, Thomas J., Frisch, Erika, Boysen, Erik M., Welch, Gary, Akintonwa, Teresa, Blancero, Frank, Brown, Heather-Elizabeth, Carmilani, Megan, Cerda, Marta, Clash, Victor H., Copeland, Debra, Hall, Yvonka, kevin kondo, Lerma, Lydia, Lindsay, Jacqui, Marti, Heather, Maughan, Christine, Minor, Tony, Taylor, Brittany, Vincent, Hyatt, Zissis, Mike, Anderson, Brett, Bardhan, Sujata, Castro-Baucom, Leah, Chisolm, Deena, Corchado, Claudia, Damian, April Joy, Daniel, Casey, DasGupta, Soham, Dehority, Walter, Feldman, Candace, Fessel, Josh, Rosas, Lisa Goldman, Horowitz, Carol, Khullar, Dhruv, Lopez, Keila, McDonald Pinkett, Shelly, Myaskovsky, Larissa, Regino, Lidia, St John Thomas, Gelise, Stewart de Ramirez, Sarah, Vangeepuram, Nita, Walden, Anita, Williams, Neely, Yin, Shonna, Burton, Phoebe, Catallozzi, Marina, Clark, Cheryl, Dworetzky, Beth, Edwards, Belinda, Ferrer, Robert L., Judd, Suzanne, Rothman, Russell, Wagner, Laura, Wallace, Ann, Adams, Sonseeahray (Ray), Aragon, Leyna, Bander, Bryan, Bishof, Karyn, Brooks, Gail, Carignan, Etienne, Coombs, Krista, Davis, Hannah, Blakley, Felicia D., Diggs, Marissa, Brown, Heather E., Favors, Umar, Fields, Whitney, Fisher, Liza, Fitzgerald, Megan, Gaffney, Alicia, Witvliet, Margot Gage, Garcia, Roberto, Gustafson, Tyler, Guthe, Nick, Holmes, Verna, Hornig, Mady, Hornig, Maxwell, Jefferson, Wendy, Kochis, Nancy, Kondo, Kevin, Lam, Julie, Lawrence, Fadwa, Letts, Rebecca, Lewis, Juan, Lopez, Silcia, Martinez, Thomas, McCorkell, Lisa, McGrath, Rebecca, Minor, Thomas T., Moore, Charita, Nguyen, Kian, Nichols, Lauren, O'Brien, Lisa, Olson, Holly, Peddie, Aimee, Perlowski, Alice, Lorenzo, Elizabeth P., Prentiss, Lisa, Raytselis, Nadia, Rochez, Nitza, Rockwell, Megan, Rutter, Jacqueline, Seibert, Elle, Sekar, Anisha, Smith, Chimere, Stiles, Lauren, Taylor, Emily, Thompson, Julie, Trapp, Stephen, Valdiva, Stephen, Wilensky, Rochelle, Williams, Melissa, Dawson, Kay W., Wylam, Andrew, Swank, Zoe, Borberg, Ella, Chen, Yulu, Senussi, Yasmeen, Chalise, Sujata, Manickas-Hill, Zachary, Yu, Xu G., Li, Jonathan Z., Alter, Galit, Kelly, J. Daniel, Goldberg, Sarah A., Talla, Aarthi, Li, Xiaojun, Skene, Peter, Bumol, Thomas F., Torgerson, Troy R., Czartoski, Julie L., McElrath, M. Juliana, and Walt, David R.

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2024
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34. The role of dietary modification in the prevention and management of metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease: An international multidisciplinary expert consensus

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Zeng, Xu-Fen, Varady, Krista A., Wang, Xiang-Dong, Targher, Giovanni, Byrne, Christopher D., Tayyem, Reema, Latella, Giovanni, Bergheim, Ina, Valenzuela, Rodrigo, George, Jacob, Newberry, Carolyn, Zheng, Ju-Sheng, George, Elena S., Spearman, C. Wendy, Kontogianni, Meropi D., Ristic-Medic, Danijela, Peres, Wilza Arantes Ferreira, Depboylu, Gamze Yurtdaş, Yang, Wanshui, Chen, Xu, Rosqvist, Fredrik, Mantzoros, Christos S., Valenti, Luca, Yki-Järvinen, Hannele, Mosca, Antonella, Sookoian, Silvia, Misra, Anoop, Yilmaz, Yusuf, Kim, Won, Fouad, Yasser, Sebastiani, Giada, Wong, Vincent Wai-Sun, Åberg, Fredrik, Wong, Yu Jun, Zhang, Pianhong, Bermúdez-Silva, Francisco-Javier, Ni, Yan, Lupsor-Platon, Monica, Chan, Wah Kheong, Méndez-Sánchez, Nahum, de Knegt, Robert J., Alam, Shahinul, Treeprasertsuk, Sombat, Wang, Li, Du, Mulong, Zhang, Tiejun, Yu, Ming-Lung, Zhang, Huijie, Qi, Xingshun, Liu, Xin, Pinyopornpanish, Kanokwan, Fan, Yu-Chen, Niu, Kaijun, Jimenez-Chillaron, Josep C., and Zheng, Ming-Hua

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2024
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38. Thrombosis risk in single- and double-heterozygous carriers of factor V Leiden and prothrombin G20210A in FinnGen and the UK Biobank

Author

Palotie, Aarno, Daly, Mark, Riley-Gills, Bridget, Jacob, Howard, Viollet, Coralie, Petrovski, Slavé, Chen, Chia-Yen, John, Sally, Okafo, George, Plenge, Robert, Maranville, Joseph, McCarthy, Mark, Pendergrass, Rion, Ehm, Margaret G., Auro, Kirsi, Longerich, Simonne, Mälarstig, Anders, Vlahiotis, Anna, Klinger, Katherine, Chatelain, Clement, Gossel, Matthias, Estrada, Karol, Graham, Robert, Waterworth, Dawn, O´Donnell, Chris, Renaud, Nicole, Mäkelä, Tomi P., Kaprio, Jaakko, Ruddock, Minna, Virolainen, Petri, Hakanen, Antti, Kilpi, Terhi, Perola, Markus, Partanen, Jukka, Raivio, Taneli, Tikkanen, Jani, Serpi, Raisa, Kristiansson, Kati, Kosma, Veli-Matti, Laukkanen, Jari, Hautalahti, Marco, Tuovila, Outi, Waring, Jeffrey, Riley-Gillis, Bridget, Rahimov, Fedik, Tachmazidou, Ioanna, Ding, Zhihao, Jung, Marc, Tuoken, Hanati, Biswas, Shameek, Pulford, David, Raghavan, Neha, Huertas-Vazquez, Adriana, Sul, Jae-Hoon, Hu, Xinli, Hedman, Åsa, Obeidat, Ma´en, Chung, Jonathan, Zierer, Jonas, Niemi, Mari, Ripatti, Samuli, Schleutker, Johanna, Arvas, Mikko, Carpén, Olli, Hinttala, Reetta, Kettunen, Johannes, Mannermaa, Arto, Aalto-Setälä, Katriina, Kähönen, Mika, Mäkelä, Johanna, Kälviäinen, Reetta, Julkunen, Valtteri, Soininen, Hilkka, Remes, Anne, Hiltunen, Mikko, Peltola, Jukka, Raivio, Minna, Tienari, Pentti, Rinne, Juha, Kallionpää, Roosa, Partanen, Juulia, Ziemann, Adam, Smaoui, Nizar, Lehtonen, Anne, Eaton, Susan, Runz, Heiko, Lahdenperä, Sanni, Bowers, Natalie, Teng, Edmond, Xu, Fanli, Addis, Laura, Eicher, John, Li, Qingqin S., He, Karen, Khramtsova, Ekaterina, Färkkilä, Martti, Koskela, Jukka, Pikkarainen, Sampsa, Jussila, Airi, Kaukinen, Katri, Blomster, Timo, Kiviniemi, Mikko, Voutilainen, Markku, Lu, Tim, McCarthy, Linda, Hart, Amy, Guan, Meijian, Miller, Jason, Kalpala, Kirsi, Miller, Melissa, Eklund, Kari, Palomäki, Antti, Isomäki, Pia, Pirilä, Laura, Kaipiainen-Seppänen, Oili, Huhtakangas, Johanna, Mars, Nina, Lertratanakul, Apinya, Hochfeld, Marla, Gordillo, Jorge Esparza, Farias, Fabiana, Bing, Nan, Laitinen, Tarja, Pelkonen, Margit, Kauppi, Paula, Kankaanranta, Hannu, Harju, Terttu, Lahesmaa, Riitta, Chen, Hubert, Betts, Joanna, Mishra, Rajashree, Mouded, Majd, Ngo, Debby, Niiranen, Teemu, Vaura, Felix, Salomaa, Veikko, Metsärinne, Kaj, Aittokallio, Jenni, Hernesniemi, Jussi, Gordin, Daniel, Sinisalo, Juha, Taskinen, Marja-Riitta, Tuomi, Tiinamaija, Hiltunen, Timo, Elliott, Amanda, Reeve, Mary Pat, Ruotsalainen, Sanni, Paul, Dirk, Chu, Audrey, Reilly, Dermot, Mendelson, Mike, Parkkinen, Jaakko, Meretoja, Tuomo, Joensuu, Heikki, Mattson, Johanna, Salminen, Eveliina, Auranen, Annika, Karihtala, Peeter, Auvinen, Päivi, Elenius, Klaus, Pitkänen, Esa, Popovic, Relja, Fabre, Margarete, Schutzman, Jennifer, Kulkarni, Diptee, Porello, Alessandro, Loboda, Andrey, Lehtonen, Heli, McDonough, Stefan, Vuoti, Sauli, Kaarniranta, Kai, Turunen, Joni A., Ollila, Terhi, Uusitalo, Hannu, Karjalainen, Juha, Liu, Mengzhen, Loomis, Stephanie, Strauss, Erich, Chen, Hao, Tasanen, Kaisa, Huilaja, Laura, Hannula-Jouppi, Katariina, Salmi, Teea, Peltonen, Sirkku, Koulu, Leena, Choy, David, Wu, Ying, Pussinen, Pirkko, Salminen, Aino, Salo, Tuula, Rice, David, Nieminen, Pekka, Palotie, Ulla, Siponen, Maria, Suominen, Liisa, Mäntylä, Päivi, Gursoy, Ulvi, Anttonen, Vuokko, Sipilä, Kirsi, Laivuori, Hannele, Kurra, Venla, Kotaniemi-Talonen, Laura, Heikinheimo, Oskari, Kalliala, Ilkka, Aaltonen, Lauri, Jokimaa, Varpu, Vääräsmäki, Marja, Uimari, Outi, Morin-Papunen, Laure, Niinimäki, Maarit, Piltonen, Terhi, Kivinen, Katja, Widen, Elisabeth, Tukiainen, Taru, Välimäki, Niko, Laakkonen, Eija, Tyrmi, Jaakko, Silven, Heidi, Sliz, Eeva, Arffman, Riikka, Savukoski, Susanna, Laisk, Triin, Pujol, Natalia, Kumar, Janet, Hovatta, Iiris, Isometsä, Erkki, Ollila, Hanna, Suvisaari, Jaana, Mäkitie, Antti, Bizaki-Vallaskangas, Argyro, Toppila-Salmi, Sanna, Willberg, Tytti, Saarentaus, Elmo, Aarnisalo, Antti, Rahikkala, Elisa, Aittomäki, Kristiina, Åberg, Fredrik, Kurki, Mitja, Havulinna, Aki, Mehtonen, Juha, Palta, Priit, Hassan, Shabbeer, Della Briotta Parolo, Pietro, Zhou, Wei, Maasha, Mutaamba, Lemmelä, Susanna, Rivas, Manuel, Liu, Aoxing, Lehisto, Arto, Ganna, Andrea, Llorens, Vincent, Heyne, Henrike, Rämö, Joel, Rodosthenous, Rodos, Strausz, Satu, Palotie, Tuula, Palin, Kimmo, Garcia-Tabuenca, Javier, Siirtola, Harri, Kiiskinen, Tuomo, Lee, Jiwoo, Tsuo, Kristin, Hyvärinen, Kati, Ritari, Jarmo, Pylkäs, Katri, Karjalainen, Minna, Mantere, Tuomo, Kangasniemi, Eeva, Heikkinen, Sami, Pitkänen, Nina, Lessard, Samuel, Chatelain, Clément, Kallio, Lila, Wahlfors, Tiina, Punkka, Eero, Siltanen, Sanna, Kuopio, Teijo, Jalanko, Anu, Shen, Huei-Yi, Kajanne, Risto, Aavikko, Mervi, Cooper, Helen, Öller, Denise, Leinonen, Rasko, Palin, Henna, Linna, Malla-Maria, Kanai, Masahiro, Zheng, Zhili, Lahtela, L. Elisa, Kaunisto, Mari, Kilpeläinen, Elina, Sipilä, Timo P., Dada, Oluwaseun Alexander, Ghazal, Awaisa, Kytölä, Anastasia, Weldatsadik, Rigbe, Donner, Kati, Loukola, Anu, Laiho, Päivi, Sistonen, Tuuli, Kaiharju, Essi, Laukkanen, Markku, Järvensivu, Elina, Lähteenmäki, Sini, Männikkö, Lotta, Wong, Regis, Toivola, Auli, Brunfeldt, Minna, Mattsson, Hannele, Koskelainen, Sami, Hiekkalinna, Tero, Paajanen, Teemu, Luo, Shuang, Padmanabhuni, Shanmukha Sampath, Niemi, Marianna, Gracia-Tabuenca, Javier, Helminen, Mika, Luukkaala, Tiina, Vähätalo, Iida, Tammerluoto, Jyrki, Smith, Sarah, Southerington, Tom, Lehto, Petri, Ryu, Justine, Rämö, Joel T., Jurgens, Sean J., Sanna-Cherchi, Simone, Bauer, Kenneth A., Haj, Amelia, Choi, Seung Hoan, Ellinor, Patrick T., and Bendapudi, Pavan K.

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2024
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39. Coronary Plaque in People With HIV vs Non-HIV Asymptomatic Community and Symptomatic Higher-Risk Populations

Author

Karady, Julia, Lu, Michael T., Bergström, Göran, Mayrhofer, Thomas, Taron, Jana, Foldyna, Borek, Paradis, Kayla, McCallum, Sara, Aberg, Judith A., Currier, Judith S., Fitch, Kathleen V., Fulda, Evelynne S., Bloomfield, Gerald S., Overton, Edgar T., Lind, Lars, Östgren, Carl Johan, Elvstam, Olof, Söderberg, Stefan, Jernberg, Tomas, Pepe, Rosalie, Dubé, Michael P., Mushatt, David, Fichtenbaum, Carl J., Malvestutto, Carlos, Zanni, Markella V., Hoffmann, Udo, Ribaudo, Heather, Grinspoon, Steven K., and Douglas, Pamela S.

Published
2024
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42. High-Resolution Genotyping of Formalin-Fixed Tissue Accurately Estimates Polygenic Risk Scores in Human Diseases

Author

Palotie, Aarno, Daly, Mark, Riley-Gills, Bridget, Jacob, Howard, Paul, Dirk, Petrovski, Slavé, Runz, Heiko, John, Sally, Okafo, George, Lawless, Nathan, Salminen-Mankonen, Heli, Plenge, Robert, Maranville, Joseph, McCarthy, Mark, Ehm, Margaret G., Auro, Kirsi, Longerich, Simonne, Mälarstig, Anders, Klinger, Katherine, Chatelain, Clement, Gossel, Matthias, Estrada, Karol, Graham, Robert, Yang, Robert, ODonnell, Chris, Mäkelä, Tomi P., Kaprio, Jaakko, Virolainen, Petri, Hakanen, Antti, Kilpi, Terhi, Perola, Markus, Partanen, Jukka, Pitkäranta, Anne, Raivio, Taneli, Tikkanen, Jani, Serpi, Raisa, Laitinen, Tarja, Kosma, Veli-Matti, Laukkanen, Jari, Hautalahti, Marco, Tuovila, Outi, Pakkanen, Raimo, Waring, Jeffrey, Riley-Gillis, Bridget, Rahimov, Fedik, Tachmazidou, Ioanna, Chen, Chia-Yen, Ding, Zhihao, Jung, Marc, Biswas, Shameek, Pendergrass, Rion, Pulford, David, Raghavan, Neha, Huertas-Vazquez, Adriana, Sul, Jae-Hoon, Hu, Xinli, Hedman, Åsa, Rivas, Manuel, Waterworth, Dawn, Renaud, Nicole, Obeidat, Maen, Ripatti, Samuli, Schleutker, Johanna, Arvas, Mikko, Carpén, Olli, Hinttala, Reetta, Kettunen, Johannes, Mannermaa, Arto, Aalto-Setälä, Katriina, Kähönen, Mika, Mäkelä, Johanna, Kälviäinen, Reetta, Julkunen, Valtteri, Soininen, Hilkka, Remes, Anne, Hiltunen, Mikko, Peltola, Jukka, Raivio, Minna, Tienari, Pentti, Rinne, Juha, Kallionpää, Roosa, Partanen, Juulia, Abbasi, Ali, Ziemann, Adam, Smaoui, Nizar, Lehtonen, Anne, Eaton, Susan, Lahdenperä, Sanni, Bowers, Natalie, Teng, Edmond, Xu, Fanli, Addis, Laura, Eicher, John, Li, Qingqin S., He, Karen, Khramtsova, Ekaterina, Färkkilä, Martti, Koskela, Jukka, Pikkarainen, Sampsa, Jussila, Airi, Kaukinen, Katri, Blomster, Timo, Kiviniemi, Mikko, Voutilainen, Markku, Lu, Tim, McCarthy, Linda, Hart, Amy, Guan, Meijian, Miller, Jason, Kalpala, Kirsi, Miller, Melissa, Eklund, Kari, Palomäki, Antti, Isomäki, Pia, Pirilä, Laura, Kaipiainen-Seppänen, Oili, Huhtakangas, Johanna, Mars, Nina, Lertratanakul, Apinya, Viollet, Coralie, Hochfeld, Marla, Gordillo, Jorge Esparza, Farias, Fabiana, Bing, Nan, Pelkonen, Margit, Kauppi, Paula, Kankaanranta, Hannu, Harju, Terttu, Lahesmaa, Riitta, Chen, Hubert, Betts, Joanna, Mishra, Rajashree, Mouded, Majd, Ngo, Debby, Niiranen, Teemu, Vaura, Felix, Salomaa, Veikko, Metsärinne, Kaj, Aittokallio, Jenni, Hernesniemi, Jussi, Gordin, Daniel, Sinisalo, Juha, Taskinen, Marja-Riitta, Tuomi, Tiinamaija, Hiltunen, Timo, Elliott, Amanda, Reeve, Mary Pat, Ruotsalainen, Sanni, Chu, Audrey, Reilly, Dermot, Mendelson, Mike, Parkkinen, Jaakko, Meretoja, Tuomo, Joensuu, Heikki, Mattson, Johanna, Salminen, Eveliina, Auranen, Annika, Karihtala, Peeter, Auvinen, Päivi, Elenius, Klaus, Pitkänen, Esa, Popovic, Relja, Fabre, Margarete, Schutzman, Jennifer, Kulkarni, Diptee, Porello, Alessandro, Loboda, Andrey, Lehtonen, Heli, McDonough, Stefan, Vuoti, Sauli, Kaarniranta, Kai, Turunen, Joni A., Ollila, Terhi, Uusitalo, Hannu, Karjalainen, Juha, Liu, Mengzhen, Loomis, Stephanie, Strauss, Erich, Chen, Hao, Tasanen, Kaisa, Huilaja, Laura, Hannula-Jouppi, Katariina, Salmi, Teea, Peltonen, Sirkku, Koulu, Leena, Choy, David, Wu, Ying, Pussinen, Pirkko, Salminen, Aino, Salo, Tuula, Rice, David, Nieminen, Pekka, Palotie, Ulla, Siponen, Maria, Suominen, Liisa, Mäntylä, Päivi, Gursoy, Ulvi, Anttonen, Vuokko, Sipilä, Kirsi, Laivuori, Hannele, Kurra, Venla, Kotaniemi-Talonen, Laura, Heikinheimo, Oskari, Kalliala, Ilkka, Aaltonen, Lauri, Jokimaa, Varpu, Vääräsmäki, Marja, Uimari, Outi, Morin-Papunen, Laure, Niinimäki, Maarit, Piltonen, Terhi, Kivinen, Katja, Widen, Elisabeth, Tukiainen, Taru, Välimäki, Niko, Laakkonen, Eija, Tyrmi, Jaakko, Silven, Heidi, Sliz, Eeva, Arffman, Riikka, Savukoski, Susanna, Laisk, Triin, Pujol, Natalia, Kumar, Janet, Hovatta, Iiris, Isometsä, Erkki, Ollila, Hanna, Suvisaari, Jaana, Als, Thomas Damm, Mäkitie, Antti, Bizaki-Vallaskangas, Argyro, Toppila-Salmi, Sanna, Willberg, Tytti, Saarentaus, Elmo, Aarnisalo, Antti, Rahikkala, Elisa, Aittomäki, Kristiina, Åberg, Fredrik, Kurki, Mitja, Havulinna, Aki, Mehtonen, Juha, Palta, Priit, Hassan, Shabbeer, Della Briotta Parolo, Pietro, Zhou, Wei, Maasha, Mutaamba, Lemmelä, Susanna, Liu, Aoxing, Lehisto, Arto, Ganna, Andrea, Llorens, Vincent, Heyne, Henrike, Rämö, Joel, Rodosthenous, Rodos, Strausz, Satu, Palotie, Tuula, Palin, Kimmo, Garcia-Tabuenca, Javier, Siirtola, Harri, Kiiskinen, Tuomo, Lee, Jiwoo, Tsuo, Kristin, Kristiansson, Kati, Hyvärinen, Kati, Ritari, Jarmo, Pylkäs, Katri, Karjalainen, Minna, Mantere, Tuomo, Kangasniemi, Eeva, Heikkinen, Sami, Pitkänen, Nina, Lessard, Samuel, Chatelain, Clément, Kallio, Lila, Wahlfors, Tiina, Punkka, Eero, Siltanen, Sanna, Kuopio, Teijo, Jalanko, Anu, Shen, Huei-Yi, Kajanne, Risto, Aavikko, Mervi, Cooper, Helen, Öller, Denise, Leinonen, Rasko, Palin, Henna, Linna, Malla-Maria, Kanai, Masahiro, Zheng, Zhili, Lahtela, L. Elisa, Kaunisto, Mari, Kilpeläinen, Elina, Sipilä, Timo P., Dada, Oluwaseun Alexander, Ghazal, Awaisa, Kytölä, Anastasia, Weldatsadik, Rigbe, Donner, Kati, Loukola, Anu, Laiho, Päivi, Sistonen, Tuuli, Kaiharju, Essi, Laukkanen, Markku, Järvensivu, Elina, Lähteenmäki, Sini, Männikkö, Lotta, Wong, Regis, Toivola, Auli, Brunfeldt, Minna, Mattsson, Hannele, Koskelainen, Sami, Hiekkalinna, Tero, Paajanen, Teemu, Pärn, Kalle, Kals, Mart, Luo, Shuang, Padmanabhuni, Shanmukha Sampath, Niemi, Marianna, Gracia-Tabuenca, Javier, Helminen, Mika, Luukkaala, Tiina, Vähätalo, Iida, Tammerluoto, Jyrki, Smith, Sarah, Southerington, Tom, Lehto, Petri, Youssef, Omar, Zidi-Mouaffak, Yossra H.S., and Tamlander, Max

Published
2024
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45. COVID-19 Vaccination Rates in a Global HIV Cohort

Author

Fulda, Evelynne S, Fitch, Kathleen V, Overton, Edgar T, Zanni, Markella V, Aberg, Judith A, Currier, Judith S, Lu, Michael T, Malvestutto, Carlos, Fichtenbaum, Carl J, Martinez, Esteban, Umbleja, Triin, Douglas, Pamela S, Ribaudo, Heather J, and Grinspoon, Steven K

Subjects
Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Clinical Sciences, Patient Safety, Infectious Diseases, Cardiovascular, Immunization, Clinical Research, Clinical Trials and Supportive Activities, HIV/AIDS, Vaccine Related, Prevention, 6.1 Pharmaceuticals, Evaluation of treatments and therapeutic interventions, Infection, Good Health and Well Being, COVID-19, COVID-19 Vaccines, HIV Infections, Humans, Male, Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic, Vaccination, human immunodeficiency virus, vaccination, Global Burden of Disease region, Biological Sciences, Medical and Health Sciences, Microbiology, Biological sciences, Biomedical and clinical sciences, Health sciences
Abstract

Little is known regarding coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccination rates in people with HIV (PWH), a vulnerable population with significant morbidity from COVID-19. We assessed COVID-19 vaccination rates among 6952 PWH in the Randomized Trial to Prevent Vascular Events in HIV (REPRIEVE) compared to region- and country-specific vaccination data. The global probability of COVID-19 vaccination through end of July 2021 was 55% among REPRIEVE participants with rates varying substantially by Global Burden of Disease (GBD) superregion. Among PWH, factors associated with COVID-19 vaccination included residence in high-income regions, age, white race, male sex, body mass index, and higher cardiovascular risk. Clinical Trials Registration. NCT02344290.

Published
2022

46. Test Automation with Grad-CAM Heatmaps -- A Future Pipe Segment in MLOps for Vision AI?

Author

Borg, Markus, Jabangwe, Ronald, Åberg, Simon, Ekblom, Arvid, Hedlund, Ludwig, and Lidfeldt, August

Subjects
Computer Science - Software Engineering, Computer Science - Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition
Abstract

Machine Learning (ML) is a fundamental part of modern perception systems. In the last decade, the performance of computer vision using trained deep neural networks has outperformed previous approaches based on careful feature engineering. However, the opaqueness of large ML models is a substantial impediment for critical applications such as in the automotive context. As a remedy, Gradient-weighted Class Activation Mapping (Grad-CAM) has been proposed to provide visual explanations of model internals. In this paper, we demonstrate how Grad-CAM heatmaps can be used to increase the explainability of an image recognition model trained for a pedestrian underpass. We argue how the heatmaps support compliance to the EU's seven key requirements for Trustworthy AI. Finally, we propose adding automated heatmap analysis as a pipe segment in an MLOps pipeline. We believe that such a building block can be used to automatically detect if a trained ML-model is activated based on invalid pixels in test images, suggesting biased models., Comment: Accepted for publication in the Proc. of the 1st International Workshop on DevOps Testing for Cyber-Physical Systems

Published
2021

47. Cardiovascular Risk and Health Among People With Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Eligible for Primary Prevention: Insights From the REPRIEVE Trial

Author

Douglas, Pamela S, Umbleja, Triin, Bloomfield, Gerald S, Fichtenbaum, Carl J, Zanni, Markella V, Overton, Edgar T, Fitch, Kathleen V, Kileel, Emma M, Aberg, Judith A, Currier, Judith, Sponseller, Craig A, Melbourne, Kathleen, Avihingsanon, Anchalee, Bustorff, Flavio, Estrada, Vicente, Ruxrungtham, Kiat, Saumoy, Maria, Navar, Ann Marie, Hoffmann, Udo, Ribaudo, Heather J, and Grinspoon, Steven

Subjects
Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Clinical Sciences, Prevention, HIV/AIDS, Cardiovascular, Clinical Research, Clinical Trials and Supportive Activities, Infection, Good Health and Well Being, Blood Glucose, Body Mass Index, Cardiovascular Diseases, Female, HIV, HIV Infections, Heart Disease Risk Factors, Humans, Male, Risk Factors, atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease, cardiac prevention, cardiovascular health, cardiovascular risk, lifestyle modifications, Biological Sciences, Medical and Health Sciences, Microbiology, Clinical sciences
Abstract

BackgroundIn addition to traditional cardiovascular (CV) risk factors, antiretroviral therapy, lifestyle, and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-related factors may contribute to future CV events in persons with HIV (PWH).MethodsAmong participants in the global REPRIEVE randomized trial, we characterized demographics and HIV characteristics relative to ACC/AHA pooled cohort equations (PCE) for atherosclerotic CV disease predicted risk and CV health evaluated by Life's Simple 7 (LS7; includes smoking, diet, physical activity, body mass index, blood pressure, total cholesterol, and glucose).ResultsAmong 7382 REPRIEVE participants (31% women, 45% Black), the median PCE risk score was 4.5% (lower and upper quartiles Q1, Q3: 2.2, 7.2); 29% had a PCE score

Published
2021

48. Assessment of Obesity and Cardiometabolic Status by Integrase Inhibitor Use in REPRIEVE: A Propensity-Weighted Analysis of a Multinational Primary Cardiovascular Prevention Cohort of People With Human Immunodeficiency Virus

Author

Kileel, Emma M, Lo, Janet, Malvestutto, Carlos, Fitch, Kathleen V, Zanni, Markella V, Fichtenbaum, Carl J, Overton, Edgar T, Okeke, Nwora Lance, Kumar, Princy, Joao, Esau, Aberg, Judith A, Martinez, Esteban, Currier, Judith S, Douglas, Pamela S, Ribaudo, Heather J, and Grinspoon, Steven K

Subjects
Medical Microbiology, Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Clinical Sciences, Obesity, Prevention, Nutrition, Cardiovascular, Metabolic and endocrine, Good Health and Well Being, cardiovascular risk, HIV, integrase inhibitors, metabolic syndrome, obesity, Clinical sciences, Medical microbiology
Abstract

BackgroundEmerging data demonstrate that the use of integrase inhibitor (INSTI)-based antiretroviral treatment (ART) is associated with increased weight, but the cardiometabolic health consequences of increased weight remains poorly understood.MethodsThis analysis examined INSTI use (>6 months) at entry among REPRIEVE participants enrolled in High Income and Latin America/Caribbean Global Burden of Disease regions. Primary analyses used linear and logistic regression; secondary analyses used quantile regression to examine differences across the full data distribution. Characteristics of those with and without INSTI use were balanced using inverse probability of treatment weighting.ResultsAmong 4500 REPRIEVE participants, 1848 were on an INSTI-based regimen at entry for an average of 2.1 ± 1.8 years. Integrase inhibitor use (vs no INSTI use) was associated with higher odds of obesity (odds ratio [OR], 1.63; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.4-1.9) and higher mean body mass index ([BMI] +1.5kg/m2; 95% CI, 1.0-1.9) and waist circumference (+3.6cm; 95% CI, 2.6-4.6). Differences in weight related to INSTI use were greater in the upper tails of the distribution (+3.1kg/m2 [95% CI, 1.9-4.4] at the 90th centile vs +0.7kg/m2 [95% CI, 0.2-1.2] at the 50th centile) and among women and nonwhite participants, with sex and race having an additive effect on BMI. Conversely, INSTI use was not associated with differences in glucose, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, or higher odds of metabolic syndrome or hypertension.ConclusionsDifferences in weight and waist circumference associated with INSTI use are (1) not uniform across people with human immunodeficiency virus, (2) greatest among women and nonwhites, and (3) concentrated at the upper tails of weight distribution. These data identify at-risk subgroups for whom long-term cardiovascular disease outcomes should be carefully assessed.

Published
2021

49. Risk factors for clonal hematopoiesis of indeterminate potential in people with HIV: a report from the REPRIEVE trial

Author

Bhattacharya, Romit, Uddin, Md Mesbah, Patel, Aniruddh P., Niroula, Abhishek, Finneran, Phoebe, Bernardo, Rachel, Fitch, Kathleen V., Lu, Michael T., Bloomfield, Gerald S., Malvestutto, Carlos, Aberg, Judy A., Fichtenbaum, Carl J., Hornsby, Whitney, Ribaudo, Heather J., Libby, Peter, Ebert, Benjamin L., Zanni, Markella V., Douglas, Pamela S., Grinspoon, Steven K., and Natarajan, Pradeep

Published
2024
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