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Agegnehu Bante,1 Abera Mersha,1 Azene Tesfaye,2 Behailu Tsegaye,3 Shitaye Shibiru,1 Gistane Ayele,4 Meseret Girma4 1School of Nursing, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Arba Minch University, Arba Minch, Ethiopia; 2Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Arba Minch University, Arba Minch, Ethiopia; 3School of Medicine, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Arba Minch University, Arba Minch, Ethiopia; 4School of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Arba Minch University, Arba Minch, EthiopiaCorrespondence: Agegnehu BanteArba Minch University, PO Box 21, Arba Minch, EthiopiaTel +251-918-487-338Email agegnehubante@gmail.comIntroduction: COVID-19 is one of the huge general wellbeing crisis for the planet. Since its first recognition, over 90.2 and 1.9 million people are infected and dead, respectively. Although it is not easily available for low-income countries, after many trials vaccination is initiated by some industrialized nations. However, still now there is no effective treatment for the infection. Henceforth, adherence with COVID-19 preventive and control measures is the only option to stop its spread and minimize its disastrous impact, especially, in developing nations like Ethiopia. Knowledge and behavior change are pillars to engage with preventive measures. Thus, the motivation behind this study was to assess communities’ adherence with COVID-19 preventive measures and its associated factors among inhabitants of Dirashe district, Southern Ethiopia.Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was directed among 648 inhabitants in Dirashe district from June 20 to July 5, 2020. A multistage sampling technique was applied to select the participants. A pretested, validated and reliable interviewer-administered survey tool comprising the socio-demographic characteristics, knowledge (α = 0.78), and adherence with COVID-19 preventive measures (α = 0.73) was used. The data were assorted electronically using Open Data Kit (ODK) collect version 1.17.2 android application and exported to Stata version 15.0 for analysis. Adjusted odds ratio (aOR) with 95% CI was used to identify variables associated with the community’s adherence with COVID-19 preventive measures.Results: An aggregate of 644 inhabitants were participated in this study; of them, only 12.3% [95% confidence interval (CI): 9.8, 15.1] adhered to the recommended COVID-19 preventive measures. Likewise, 63.51% [95% CI: 59.7, 67.2] and 54.5% [95% CI: 50.6, 58.4] of the participants had good knowledge and favorable attitude towards COVID-19 preventive measures, respectively. Urban residence [aOR: 9.74, 95% CI: 4.72, 20.10], favorable attitude [aOR: 1.97, 95% CI: 1.05, 3.68] and concerned about COVID-19-related stigma [aOR: 2.43, 95% CI: 1.02, 5.79] were independently associated with communities adherence with COVID-19 preventive measures.Conclusion: In general, communities’ adherence to the recommended COVID-19 preventive measures was very low in the area. Addressing underprivileged population groups, disseminating teaching aids in local languages, behavioral change communications, and law enforcement is imperative to strengthen COVID-19 prevention practice.Keywords: coronavirus disease 2019, public adherence, knowledge, prevention practice, southern Ethiopia

The objective of this study is to assess the effect of Solanum incanum fruit (SIFE) and red onion peel (ROPE) extracts treatments on cotton fabric properties. The two factor factorial design was us...

Negussie Boti,1 Sultan Hussen,1 Gistane Ayele,1 Abera Mersha,2 Selamawit Gebeyehu,1 Mekidm Kassa,1 Tesfaye Feleke,1 Gebremaryam Temesgen3 1School of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Arba Minch University, Arba Minch, Ethiopia; 2School of Nursing, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Arba Minch University, Arba Minch, Ethiopia; 3Department of Midwifery, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Arba Minch University, Arba Minch, EthiopiaCorrespondence: Negussie Boti Tel +251-920-997-752Email Hanehalid@gmail.comBackground: Mental health disorders have identified as being one of the public health issues throughout the world. Recent evidence reveals that more than 21 million people diagnosed with schizophrenia. However, there is little information about community perception and attitude towards people with Schizophrenia in Ethiopia.Objective: The aim of this study was to assess the community perception and attitude towards people with Schizophrenia among residents of Arba Minch Zuria Districts, Southern Ethiopia.Methods: A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 617 randomly selected adults. Interviewer-administered standard tool was used to collect the data. Descriptive statistics like frequency, mean, and median computed. A binary logistic regression model used to identify factors affecting community perception and attitude towards people with schizophrenia.Results: Of the study population, 469 (76%) of respondents had good perception and 390 (63.2%) had positive attitudes towards people with schizophrenia. The study participants identified talkativeness and self-neglect behaviors as the most common manifestations of schizophrenia. Besides, this study identified substance misuse and head injury as the perceived cause and spiritual or traditional methods as a preferred treatment for people with schizophrenia. Moreover, the study participants preferred spiritual or traditional methods for the treatment of schizophrenia. Young age [AOR=2.03, 95% CI: 1.21, 3.40], females [AOR=2.32, 95% CI: 1.58, 3.41], good perception towards people with schizophrenia [AOR=4.95, 95% CI: 3.25, 7.54] and no formal educational status [AOR=2.75, 95% CI: 1.33, 5.70], and primary education [AOR=3.72, 95% CI: 1.87, 7.39] were significantly associated with the attitude towards people with schizophrenia.Conclusion: The findings of this study indicate that approximately one-third of the residents had unfavorable attitudes towards people with schizophrenia. Therefore, giving special attention to male, elders and those who were educated, and individuals who have poor perceptions of people with schizophrenia is crucial.Keywords: perception, attitude, schizophrenia, Arba Minch Zuria District, Southern Ethiopia

Even if the cesarean section is one of the most common and lifesaving surgical procedure, there is an increasing concern on the needless cesarean section that causes maternal and perinatal morbidity. In Ethiopia, insufficient studies are conducted about the current rate of the cesarean delivery. As a result, this study aimed to assess the magnitude of the cesarean section and its associated factors among mothers who gave birth in Nigist Eleni Mohammed Memorial Referral Hospital Hossana Town, Southern Ethiopia. An institution-based cross-sectional study was employed from May 1, 2018, to August 30, 2018 among a total of 3360 deliveries within four months. Data were collected using an interviewer-administered questionnaireand chart review checklist from 320 women who delivered at Nigist Eleni Mohammed Memorial Referral Hospital. The data were collected from every four women until the desired sample size was achieved. After checking visually for completeness, the collected data were entered into EpiData version 3.1 and analyzed using SPSS version 20.0. Descriptive statistics such as frequency, mean and standard deviation were used to describe the characteristics of the participants. Bivariate and multivariable logistic regression was applied to identify factors associated with cesarean delivery. Statistical significance was declared at P < 0.05. Among a total of 1120 women delivered during the study period, a total of 315 women were involved in this study making a response rate of 98.4%. Of the participants, 24.1% (95%CI: 19.3%, 28.8%) delivered through caesarean section. Age less than twenty-five years (AOR = 0.36, 95% CI = 0.14, 0.91), attend primary education (AOR = 0.33, 95% CI: 0.14, 0.78), secondary education (AOR = 0.36, 95% CI: 0.15, 0.85), gravida to IV (AOR = 3.99, 95% CI: 1.23, 12.98) and labor not attended using partograph (AOR = 4.04 95% CI: 2.08, 7.82) were independently associated with cesarean delivery. In general, one-quarter of women delivered through the cesarean section which is higher than the WHO recommendation. Factors such as high maternal age, not attending formal education, multigravida, and not using partograph to monitor labor were independent factors associated with cesarean delivery. Thus, labor progress must be followed using partograph and all mothers should be encouraged to deliver through the natural route. Furthermore, obstetric care providers need not rush into cesarean section except for minimal episode of fetal or maternal complication and they should adhere to the clinical and WHO guidelines.

Background: Low Apgar scores in the childbirth period increased risk globally and significantly contributes to both newborn morbidity and mortality. Hence, it is very essential to update information on the status of low fifth-minute Apgar scores and factors affecting. Some studies were conducted, but most are retrospective and record reviews. Besides, there is limited study in country-Ethiopia. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the recent status of low fifth-minute Apgar scores and factors affecting in the study setting. Methods: A facility-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 286 newborns in public health facilities of Arba Minch town, southern Ethiopia from February 6 to March 9, 2019. Study participants were selected using a systematic random sampling method. Pre-tested interviewer-administered questionnaires and checklist were used to collect the data. Data were entered into Epi data version 3.1 and exported to Stata version 15 for analysis. A crude and adjusted odds ratio was computed in the binary logistic regression model. In this study, P-value, < 0.05 was considered to declare factors as a statistically significant association. Results: In this study, 17.8% (95%CI: 13.8%, 22.7%) of neonates had low fifth-minute Apgar scores. Condition of labor (induced/augmented) (AOR=3.33, 95%CI: 1.24, 8.90), meconium-stained liquor (AOR=3.37, 95%CI: 1.17, 9.74), and birth weight (AOR=3.48, 95%CI: 1.23, 9.86) were significantly associated with neonate’s low fifth-minute Apgar scores. Conclusions: This study indicated that a significant number of newborns resulted in low fifth-minute Apgar scores. Strengthen the provision of health information during antenatal care; avoid delay in screening high-risk mothers during pregnancy and delivery, and give immediate interventions should be recommended.

Negussie Boti Sidamo,1 Sultan Hussen,1 Tamiru Shibiru,2 Meseret Girma,1 Mulugeta Shegaze,1 Abera Mersha,3 Teshale Fikadu,1 Zeleke Gebru,1 Eshetu Andarge,1 Mustefa Glagn,1 Selamawit Gebeyehu,1 Bilcha Oumer,4 Gebremaryam Temesgen5 1School of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Arba Minch University, Arba Minch, Ethiopia; 2School of Medicine, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Arba Minch University, Arba Minch, Ethiopia; 3School of Nursing, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Arba Minch University, Arba Minch, Ethiopia; 4Department of Midwifery, College of Health Sciences, Arba Minch, Ethiopia; 5Department of Midwifery, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Arba Minch University, Arba Minch, EthiopiaCorrespondence: Negussie Boti SidamoSchool of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Arba Minch University, Arba Minch, EthiopiaEmail Hanehalid@gmail.comBackground: Since the occurrence of the COVID-19 pandemic, different public health measures have been implemented to prevent and control the further spread of the disease. However, barriers that influence the effective implementation of public health measures were not explore in Ethiopia especially in study Area. Therefore, this study tried to fill this gap by exploring the barriers to effective implementation of public health measures for prevention and control of the COVID-19 pandemic in the Gamo Zone of southern Ethiopia.Methods: The study employed a qualitative study with a phenomenology approach among purposely selected 30 individuals in the community and selected institutions. Key informant interview was used to collect the data. The data were transcribed verbatim and translated into the English language. The transcribed data were read several times to clearly understand the content for further analysis. The analysis of the data was conducted based on the modified Tanahashi framework.Results: The study identified different barriers under five main themes: accessibility, acceptability, availability, contact and use, and effective implementation of public health measures related to barriers. The main barriers to effective implementation of public health measures were resistance to change, negligence, lack of community engagement, insufficient training for front line workers, poor supportive supervision, poor law enforcement, and lack of continuous community awareness creation. Beside, acceptability related barriers like cultural and religious norms and availability related barriers like shortage of personal protective equipment and shortage of skilled health professional have also lion share barriers for implementation of the public health measures.Conclusion: The study identified different personal, institutional, and societal level barriers for effective implementation of public health measures for the COVID-19 pandemic. Therefore, proper and targeted continuous community awareness creation with further mandatory law enforcement activities should be implemented by the concerned bodies to mitigate individual and societal level barriers. In addition, the government with relevant stakeholders should give due attention to equip and protect the frontline professionals by availing the necessary logistic and provision of continuous capacity-building activities.Keywords: COVID-19, effective implementation, public health measures, modified Tanahashi model, barriers, Gamo zone

Background Novel coronavirus is a global pandemic and killed many individuals, including health care professionals. It caused stress on the health care system of all countries. Presently, studies are emerging regarding the COVID-19 pandemic in different aspects. However, a few have explored barriers that affecting the practice of preventive measures for the COVID-19. As such, the study aimed to fill these research gaps in the study setting. Methods A semi-structured interview guide was used to conduct this phenomenological study among 16 key informants. Key informants were recruited by the purposive sampling method. To analyze that data, thematic content analysis was employed by using an inductive approach in NVivo 12 Pro software. Results In this study, six main themes were identified with the sub-themes. Overview of COVID-19 pandemic (with the six sub-themes), consequences (with the two sub-themes), perceived practice (with four sub-themes), perceived barriers (with four sub-themes), newfangled activities (with three sub-themes), and suggestion for improvement (with seven sub-themes) were the major themes. The participants perceived the influence of shortage of personal protective equipment and solutions for hand hygiene, negligence and ignorance, inadequate infrastructure, lack of training, and lack of attention and recognition for the staff on the practice of preventive measures. Conclusions This study showed a gap in preventive measure practices for the COVID-19 in the health care system. Community influences, health care provider related barriers, institutional barriers, and lack of communication and support affect the practice. Hence, attention should give to fulfill the necessary supplies in the health facilities, improve the infrastructures, and equip health professionals by providing capacity-building activities. Besides, health care workers must recognize, and attention is needed.

BACKGROUND: Negative perception and attitude of community prevents many people with depression and their caregivers from seeking help and receiving adequate treatment due to fear of social reaction and may try to hide the illness. The reasons for negative attitudes are not consistent across communities or cultures. Therefore, understanding the level of community perception and attitude towards people with depression is important to develop an intervention to reduce the impact of mental illness.METHODS: A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 617 randomly selected adults. The data was collected using structured, pre-tested, and interviewer-administered questionnaires. Descriptive statistics like frequency, mean, and median were performed. Bi-variable and multivariable logistic regression analyses were performed to identify the factors that affect the community attitude towards people with depression.RESULTS: Of the study population, 325(52.7%) had a good perception and 246(39.9%) had a positive attitude towards people with depression. The majority of study participants frequently identified as the perceived cause of depression was substance misuse, loss of loved one, and conflict within a family. In addition, psychosocial treatment was the most preferred treatment for people with depression in the study area. Marital status and educational status were significantly associated with the community attitude towards people with depressionCONCLUSION: Giving special attention to people with substance misuse, loss of loved one, and conflict within a family is very vital for the prevention of depression. In addition, future mental health promotion activities should focus on cause and common manifestation of depression to improve the attitude toward people with depression.

Background: Advanced maternal age significantly increased the risk of adverse obstetric outcomes. So, adequate and updated information on the status of advanced maternal age and their effect on obstetric outcomes is vital for effective policy and program formulation in Ethiopia. Pockets of studies conducted, but most are retrospective and record reviews. Thus, studies that show the status of advanced maternal age and their effect on obstetric outcomes is very limited in Ethiopia. As such, this study fills those gaps in our set up.Methods: A community-based prospective cohort study was conducted among 709 study participants from October 15, 2018, to September 30, 2019. A pretested interviewer-administered structured Open Data Kit survey tool was used to collect the data. The downloaded data from the Open Data Kit aggregate was exported to SPSS version 25 for analysis. Log-linear regression was used to compare obstetric outcomes among women aged 20–34 years and ≥ 35 years. The model was adjusted for educational and occupational status, party, wealth index, body mass index, household food insecurity, habits, distance to health care institution, and sex of the neonate, antenatal care, postnatal care, and place of delivery. The model fitness was tested by the log-likelihood ratio.Results: In this study, 209(29.5%) of the women were aged ≥ 35 years, and 500(70.5%) aged 20–34 years. Women aged ≥ 35 years were at increased risk of miscarriage (β = 0.29, 95%CI: 0.02, 0.56), and hypertensive disorder (β = 0.07, 95%CI: 0.004, 0.13).Conclusions: Advanced maternal age was independently associated with miscarriage and hypertensive disorder after controlling for possible cofounders. As such, different intervention programs should be designed to create awareness and to provide counseling services for women with advanced age or delayed childbearing.Plain English summaryWomen who bear a child at the age of ≥35 years old are stated as advanced maternal age. At this age, the risk of different obstetric complications is increased. This study was aimed to assess the effect of advanced maternal age on obstetric outcomes in the study settings.A prospective follow-up study was conducted among pregnant women during the study period. The women were followed from the time pregnancy was confirmed up to the immediate postpartum period. Seven hundred forty-four women were interviewed in the baseline and 24 participants became lost to follow-ups during the follow-up period, and 11 excluded from the analysis because of incomplete information.Of the study participants, 209 of the women were beard children at the age of ≥35 years (advanced maternal age), and 500 were age group from 20-34 years old.This study found that advanced maternal age increased risk of miscarriage (termination of pregnancy before fetal viability) and hypertensive disorder during pregnancy, the intrapartum and immediate postpartum period after controlled for possible confounders.In brief, this study showed that a significant number of women became pregnant during advanced maternal age. Therefore, different strategies should be designed for the women who planned to bear child, and information should be provided for women who are advanced age or delayed childbearing to alert them.

Background: Low Apgar scores in the childbirth period increased risk globally and significantly contributes to both newborn morbidity and mortality. Hence, it is very essential to update information on the status of low fifth-minute Apgar scores and factors affecting. The majority studies conducted were retrospective and prone to bias. In addition, there is limited study in Ethiopia that shows the recent status of low fifth-minute Apgar scores and factors affecting. Therefore, this study intends to fill those gaps. Methods: A facility-based cross-sectional study conducted among 286 newborns in public health facilities of Arba Minch town, southern Ethiopia from February 6 to March 9, 2019. A study participants selected by using systematic random sampling method. Pre-tested interviewer-administered questionnaires and checklist used to collect the data. Data entered into Epi data version 3.1 and exported to Stata version 15 for analysis. A crude and adjusted odds ration computed in the binary logistic regression model. In this study, P-value, < 0.05 considered to declare factors as statistically significant. Results: In this study, 17.8% (95%CI: 13.8%, 22.7%) of neonates had low fifth-minute Apgar scores. Condition of labor (induced/augmented) (AOR=3.33, 95%CI: 1.24, 8.90), meconium-stained liquor (AOR=3.37, 95%CI: 1.17, 9.74), and birth weight (AOR=3.48, 95%CI: 1.23, 9.86) were significantly associated with neonate’s low fifth-minute Apgar scores. Conclusions: This study indicated that a significant number of newborns resulted in low fifth-minute Apgar scores. Strengthen the provision of health information during antenatal care; avoid delay in screening high-risk mothers during pregnancy and delivery, and give immediate interventions should recommended. Keywords: Apgar scores, Newborns, Arba Minch

Background Globally, delayed childbearing to the advanced age is a growing option. It is an emerging public health issue in developing countries. Currently, adverse perinatal outcomes significantly increased. A few studies showed the effect of advanced maternal age on adverse perinatal outcomes. However, most used secondary data or chart reviews, and this increases the risk of biases. Besides, there are limited studies in-country Ethiopia as advanced maternal age steadily increased. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the status of advanced maternal age and its effect on perinatal outcomes in the study setting. Methods A community-based prospective cohort study was conducted among 709 study participants from October 15, 2018, to September 30, 2019, in Arba Minch zuria, and Gacho Baba district, southern Ethiopia. The data were collected by a pretested interviewer-administered structured Open Data Kit survey tool and analyzed by SPSS version 25. The log-linear regression model was used to compare perinatal outcomes among women aged 20–34 years and ≥ 35 years. The log-likelihood ratio tested for the goodness of fit. In this study, P-value Results In this study, 209(29.5%) of the women were age group ≥35 years old, and 500(70.5%) were age group from20–34 years old. Stillbirth (β = 0.29, 95%CI: 0.05, 0.52), and neonatal mortality (β = 0.11, 95%CI: 0.01, 0.21) were significantly associated with the advanced maternal age. Conclusions Perinatal outcomes such as stillbirth and neonatal mortality were independently associated with advanced maternal age after controlling for possible cofounders. Therefore, different strategies should design for the women who planned to bear child, and information should provide for women who are advanced age or delayed childbearing to alert them.

Background In Ethiopia, approximately three-fourths of mothers do not deliver in health facilities. Disrespect and abuse during childbirth fallouts in underutilization of institutional delivery that upshots maternal morbidity and mortality. Thus, the ambition of this study was to assess respectful maternity care and associated factors in Harar hospitals, Eastern Ethiopia. Methods A facility-based cross-sectional study was conducted from April 01 to July 01, 2017. A total of 425 women, delivered at Harar town hospitals, were nominated using a systematic random sampling technique. A pretested and organized questionnaire was used to collect the data. After checking for completeness, the data were entered into EpiData version 3.1 and exported to SPSS version 22.0 for cleaning and analyses. Both bivariate and multivariable logistic regression was computed to identify factors associated with respectful maternity care. Statistical significance was declared at a P-value of Results Data were collected on 425 women. Overall, only 38.4% (95% CI: 33.7, 42.0%) of women received respectful maternity care. Delivering at private hospitals [AOR: 2.3, 95% CI: 1.25, 4.07], having ANC follow-up [AOR: 1.8, 95% CI: 1.10, 3.20], planned pregnancy [AOR: 3.0, 95% CI: 1.24, 7.34], labor attended by male provider [AOR: 1.8, 95% CI: 1.14, 2.77] and normal maternal outcome [AOR: 2.3, 95% CI: 1.13, 4.83] were significantly associated with respectful maternity care. Conclusions Only four out of ten women received respectful care during labor and delivery. Providing women-friendly, abusive free, timely and discriminative free care are the bases to improve the uptake of institutional delivery. Execution of respectful care advancement must be the business of all healthcare providers. Furthermore, to come up with a substantial reduction in maternal mortality, great emphasis should be given to make the service woman-centered.

There is growing evidence suggesting that young people in school are practicing risky sexual behaviors. Ethiopian people aged 10 to 24 years have emerged as the segments of the population most vulnerable to a broad spectrum of serious sexual health problems. Therefore, the main aim of this study was to assess risky sexual behaviors and associated factors among preparatory school students in Arba Minch, Southern Ethiopia. An institution based cross sectional study was conducted among 465 study participants from April 20 to June 2, 2018. A self-administered pre-tested questionnaire was used to collect the data. Bivariate and multivariate analysis was done using binary logistic regression. In this study, 22.4% (95%CI: 18.6%, 26.2%) of study participants had risky sexual behaviors. Marital status, education and occupational status of the father, occupation of the mother, watching pornographic movies, drinking alcohol, using hashish/shisha and knowledge about HIV/AIDS were significantly associated with odds (AOR=3.28, 95%CI: 1.24, 8.70), (AOR=5.96, 95%CI: 1.35, 26.25), (AOR=0.33, 95%CI: 0.12, 0.93), (AOR=0.22, 95%CI: 0.09, 0.51), (AOR=8.80, 95%CI: 4.04, 19.17), (AOR=2.71, 95%CI: 1.35, 5.46), (AOR=14.88, 95%CI: 4.52, 48.96) and (AOR=2.89, 95%CI: 1.42, 5.88), respectively. This finding noted that significant numbers of students were engaged in risky sexual behaviours. Those students had multiple sexual partners, used condoms inconsistently, had sex with risky individuals, and an early sexual start. Watching pornographic movies, substance abuse and a knowledge gap on HIV/AIDS were some of the significant factors. Awareness creation for youths to reduce substance abuses, HIV/AIDS and sexual and reproductive health in the school community is recommended. Key words: Risky sexual behaviors, sexual and reproductive health problems, youths

Agegnehu Bante Getenet,1 Kedir Teji Roba,2 Berhanu Seyoum Endale,3 Abera Mersha Mamo,1 Rasha Darghawth4 1Department of Nursing, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Arba Minch University, Arba Minch, Ethiopia; 2Department of Public Health, School of Nursing and Midwifery, College of Health and Medical Sciences, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia; 3Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Health and Medical Sciences, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia; 4Business Development Officer with CARE Ethiopia and Cuso International, Monitoring and Evaluation Advisor, Harar, Ethiopia Background: Satisfaction with intrapartum care is crucial for the well-being of the mother and newborn. It also serves as a proxy indicator for future utilization and recommendation of the facility. Conversely, little is known about women’s level of satisfaction during the intrapartum period in the Ethiopian context of a high maternal mortality ratio. As such, the aim of this study was to assess women’s satisfaction with intrapartum care and its predictors at hospitals in Harar, Eastern Ethiopia. Materials and methods: A hospital-based, analytical, cross-sectional study was conducted in Harar hospitals, Eastern Ethiopia from February 1 to 28, 2017. The data were collected using an interviewer-administered questioner from 398 women who delivered in the selected hospitals during the data collection period. The collected data were entered into EpiData version 3.1 and analyzed using SPSS version 22.0. Bivariate and multivariable logistic regression was applied to identify the effect of each predictor on the outcome variable (satisfaction). A P-value of

Background The neonatal period is the most vulnerable time for child survival. The declines in the neonatal mortality rate have been slower than the post-neonatal under-five mortality rate in the majority of countries. This trend is also similar in Ethiopia, that neonatal mortality was high as compared to the post-neonatal mortality rate. A large proportion of neonatal deaths occur during the 48 h after delivery. Different studies were conducted in assessing determinates for neonatal mortality but there is a need to assess the immediate postnatal (within 2 days following delivery) cause of neonatal mortality that the majority of deaths occurred at that time. So, this study is to fill those gaps of the aforementioned studies, in assessing the determinate factors affecting neonatal mortality in public hospitals of Gamo and Gofa Zones, Southern Ethiopia. Methods A prospective follow up study was conducted among 6769 study participants from April 5, 2018, to March 5, 2019. All live births at the hospitals during the study period were included in this study. A structured verbal autopsy questionnaire was used to collect the data on the causes of neonatal death. Data were entered into Epi data version 3.1 and exported to Stata version 15 for analysis. Crude and adjusted estimate β with 95%CI was calculated in the binary logistic regression model. A log-likelihood ratio (LR) was tested for goodness of fit. In this study P-value Results In this study, neonatal mortality incidence ratio was 9.6 (95%CI: 7.5, 12.2) per 1000 live births. Age of the mother, number of antenatal care visits, sex of the neonate, presentation, and gestational age were identified as the significant determinates for neonatal mortality cases. Prematurity, infection, and birth asphyxia were the most common causes of neonatal mortality cases. Conclusions This study indicated that a significant number of neonates died during the neonatal period. Both maternal and neonatal factors were identified. Therefore, early identification of obstetric complications and immediate interventions, strengthening the provision of quality antenatal and postnatal care services are recommended.

Background To scale up a comprehensive way of implementation to reduce neonatal mortality evaluation of factors for neonatal near-miss cases is very important. Certain studies were done in assessing near-miss cases, but they failed in identifying the proximate factors affecting profoundly. So, this study is to fill those gaps in the aforementioned studies, in assessing the factors affecting neonatal near-miss cases. Methods A nested case-control study was conducted in selected three Hospitals of Gamo and Gofa Zones, Southern Ethiopia from April 5, 2018, to March 5, 2019. The structured standard tool was used to identify neonatal near-miss cases. Data were entered into Epi data version 3.1 and exported to Stata version 15 for analysis. A conditional logistic regression model was used to identify factors associated with near-miss cases. The goodness of fit was tested by a log-likelihood ratio (LR). In this study P-value Results In this study 121 neonatal near-miss cases, and 363 controls were involved. The identified factors that affect neonatal near-miss were multiparty (AOR = 3.81, 95%CI: 1.72, 8.42), antenatal care follow up (AOR = 0.02, 95%CI: 0.01, 0.05), premature rupture of membrane (AOR = 3.40, 95%CI: 1.53, 7.55), non-vertex presentation (AOR = 2.83, 95%CI: 1.44, 5.58), and cesarean delivery (AOR = 4.89, 95%CI: 2.34, 10.24). Conclusions Those identified factors are better should be intervened. Strengthening antenatal care services by providing appropriate information for the mother and counseling about the consequences of multiparty and providing information on family planning. There is a need to identify, screen and critical follow high-risk mothers and give immediate and appropriate intervention as early as possible.

Additional file 2. STROBE checklist.

Additional file 2. STROBE checklist

Additional file 1. English version questionnaire (pdf)

IntroductionCoronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) is a highly contagious acute respiratory disease, which caused by a novel coronavirus. The disease disrupts health systems and resulting in social, political, and economic crises. Health professionals are in front of this pandemic and always work in a high-risk environment. Currently, there is no vaccine or drug for the disease. Therefore, strictly practicing precautionary measures are the only option to save the life. Some studies reported health professional’s practice of precautionary measures for COVID-19. Nevertheless, a few have identified factors affecting. As such, this study aimed to fill those research gaps in the study setting.MethodsIn this cross-sectional study, 428 health professionals were involved from the public health facilities of the Gamo zone, southern Ethiopia. A simple random sampling method was employed, and the data collected by the interviewer-administered Open Data Kit survey tool and observational checklist. The data analyzed in Stata version 15 and a binary logistic regression model used to identify factors. In this study, a statistically significant association was declared at P < 0.05.ResultsIn this study, 35.3% (95%CI: 30.7%, 39.8%) of health professionals’ had a good practice on precautionary measures for the COVID-19 pandemic. Use hand sanitizer or wash hands continuously with soap and water (68.9%), cover nose and mouth with a tissue during sneezing or coughing (67.3%), and use facemask in crowds (56.8%) were the most common practice reported by study participants. Marital status, being married (AOR = 1.84, 95%CI: 1.06, 3.18), good knowledge on the COVID-19 pandemic (AOR = 2.02, 95%CI: 1.02, 3.18), and positive attitude towards precautionary measures for COVID-19 were factors showed signification association with the practice.ConclusionsThe magnitude of good practice of precautionary measures for the COVID-19 pandemic among health professionals was low. As such, different interventions to improve the knowledge and attitude of health professionals in the health care system are highly needed to boost the practice and to advance service delivery.

Introduction: Neonates and young infants often present with non-specific symptoms and signs of severe illness that indicate presence of severe infection which may require immediate care. So, mother’s knowledge is very important to recognize those symptoms to prevent further complications even dealth. But there is a gap in assessing mothers knowledge in neonatal danger signs. Because, almost all studies in Ethiopia assessed mother’s knowledge based on only one danger sign out of nine WHO recognized danger signs. So, the main aim of this study was to assess level of knowledge about neonatal danger signs based on 10 WHO recognized danger signs in Chencha District, Southern Ethiopia. Methods: Community based cross sectional study was conducted in 630 mothers from February 8- 28, 2017 by using one-stage cluster sampling method. Structured interviewer administered pre-tested questionnaire was used to collect the data. The collected data were entered into Epi data version 3.1 and then exported into SPSS window version 22 for analysis. Bivariate and multivariate analysis was done by using binary logistic regression to see the association between each independent variable and the outcome variable. The goodness of fit was tested by Hosmer-Lemeshow statistic and Omnibus tests. Multi co-linearity test was carried out to see the correlation between independent variables using standard error and collinearity statistics. Variables with P

Nursing Process is a systematic method which utilizes scientific reasoning, problem solving and critical thinking to direct nurses in caring for patients effectively however, little is known about factors affecting the implementation of nursing process. The study intended to assess factors affecting implementation of nursing process among nurses in Arbaminch General Hospital, Ethiopia. Institutional based cross-sectional study with quantitative data collection through Self-administered pre-tested Semi Structured questionnaire and observational checklist used among randomly selected 105 nurses. Data analysis was done by SPSS version 15 for its objectives. Out of 105 studies 98 were participated in the study with 93.3% response rate. Forty two (42.85%) of the total respondents were working in a stressful working environmental. Thirty five (35.7%) of respondents were challenged to provide their nursing care due to patients inability to collect the required material for care provision. Factor affecting implementation of nursing process were working in a stressful environment were 0.23 times less likely to implement nursing process than those working in organized environment (OR: 0.23, [95% CI: (0.07-0.78)], highly knowledgeable nurses were 8.78 times more likely to implementation of nursing process than nurses who were not knowledgeable (OR: 8.78, [95%CI: (2.97-77.48)] and economic status of patient to collect material for nursing care were negatively associated with implementation of nursing process(OR: 0.07, [95%CI: (0.02-0.31)]. The study has identified lack of facility from organizational factors, economic status of the patient to collect material for nursing care, early discharge, lack of cooperation and complicated problems from patient related factors and level of knowledge were among those factors highly affecting nursing process implementation. Nearly, one third of respondents have consistent with the implementation of nursing process in the clinical setting. This factors cause poor quality of nursing care disorganized caring system, conflicting role, medication error and re-admission with similar problems, dissatisfaction with the care patients have received, and increased mortality. Recommendation: The essence of nursing process for client lies on the great benefits to the client, nurses and nursing profession as a whole. So, to provide quality of nursing care the management body of the hospital should flow and supervise the implementation of nursing process in the hospital, the health professional should train periodically and Information should be disseminated regarding nursing process.