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IntroductionKrill oil is a dietary supplement derived from Antarctic krill; a small crustacean found in the ocean. Krill oil is a rich source of omega-3 fatty acids, specifically eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid, as well as the antioxidant astaxanthin. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of krill oil supplementation, compared to placebo oil (high oleic sunflower oil added astaxanthin), in vivo on energy metabolism and substrate turnover in human skeletal muscle cells.MethodsSkeletal muscle cells (myotubes) were obtained before and after a 7-week krill oil or placebo oil intervention, and glucose and oleic acid metabolism and leucine accumulation, as well as effects of different stimuli in vitro, were studied in the myotubes. The functional data were combined with proteomic and transcriptomic analyses.ResultsIn vivo intervention with krill oil increased oleic acid oxidation and leucine accumulation in skeletal muscle cells, however no effects were observed on glucose metabolism. The krill oil-intervention-induced increase in oleic acid oxidation correlated negatively with changes in serum low-density lipoprotein (LDL) concentration. In addition, myotubes were also exposed to krill oil in vitro. The in vitro study revealed that 24 h of krill oil treatment increased both glucose and oleic acid metabolism in myotubes, enhancing energy substrate utilization. Transcriptomic analysis comparing myotubes obtained before and after krill oil supplementation identified differentially expressed genes associated with e.g., glycolysis/gluconeogenesis, metabolic pathways and calcium signaling pathway, while proteomic analysis demonstrated upregulation of e.g., LDL-receptor in myotubes obtained after the krill oil intervention.ConclusionThese findings suggest that krill oil intervention promotes increased fuel metabolism and protein synthesis in human skeletal muscle cells, with potential implications for metabolic health.

Abstract Background Headache is a frequent symptom in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients, and idiopathic intracranial hypertension (pseudotumor cerebri) has been reported among patients who underwent lumbar puncture for persistent headaches. Case presentation A 45-year-old black man presented with dyspnea, cough, fever and headache for 05 days followed by blurring of vision associated with worsening of the headache. Physical examination was significant for tachypnea and oxygen desaturation and there were no abnormal neurologic findings. He tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 with nasopharyngeal swab PCR. His CSF opening pressure appeared high with normal CSF analysis and brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed prominent subarachnoid space around the optic nerves and bilateral papilledema. He had significant improvement with medical therapy alone. Conclusion Idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH) may occur in association with SARS-CoV-2 infection and should be considered when making a differential diagnosis for headache and blurring of vision. COVID-19 may play a role in the development of intracranial hypertension, even in the absence of known risk factors. Early diagnosis and treatment of IIH has paramount importance to prevent vision loss and other morbidities.

The title compound, C13H11NO, adopts an E configuration about the C=C double bond. The pyrrole ring is inclined to the phenyl ring at an angle of 44.94 (8)°. In the crystal, molecules are linked by N—H...O hydrogen bonds, forming ribbons parallel to (020) in zigzag C(7) chains along the a axis. These ribbons are connected via C—H...π interactions, forming a three-dimensional network. No significant π–π interactions are observed.

In the title compound, C6H8N2OS, all atoms except for the methyl H atoms are coplanar, with a maximum deviation of 0.026 (4) Å. In the crystal, pairs of molecules are linked by N—H...N hydrogen bonds, forming R22(8) ring motifs. Dimers are connected by N—H...O hydrogen bonds, forming layers parallel to the (102) plane. Consolidating the molecular packing, these layers are connected by C—H...π interactions between the center of the 1,3-thiazole ring and the H atom of the methyl group attached to it, as well as C=O...π interactions between the center of the 1,3-thiazole ring and the O atom of the carboxyl group. According to a Hirshfeld surface study, H...H (37.6%), O...H/H...O (16.8%), S...H/H...S (15.4%), N...H/H...N (13.0%) and C...H/H...C (7.6%) interactions are the most significant contributors to the crystal packing.

In the hydrated title salt, C7H12N5S2+·Cl−·H2O, the asymmetric unit comprises one 2-amino-5-{(1E)-1-[(carbamothioylamino)imino]ethyl}-4-methyl-1,3-thiazol-3-ium cation, one chloride anion and one water molecule of crystallization. The cation is nearly flat (r.m.s. deviation of non-H atoms is 0.0814 Å), with the largest deviation of 0.1484 (14) Å observed for one of the methyl C atoms. In the crystal, the cations are linked by O—H...Cl, N—H...Cl, N—H...O, N—H...S and C—H...S hydrogen bonds, forming a tri-periodic network. The most important contributions to the crystal packing are from H...H (35.4%), S...H/H...S (24.4%), N...H/H...N (8.7%), Cl...H/H...Cl (8.2%) and C...H/H...C (7.7%) interactions.

The current study examined the effects the tootling intervention on classwide levels of academically engaged behavior (AEB) and disruptive behavior (DB) by comparing traditional tootling to a formalized tootling card intervention and an interdependent group contingency control condition. The intervention used an alternating treatment design within a multiple baseline design across three intermediate elementary classrooms. The study determined whether the structure and the content of material written on the tootling notecards was the component that resulted in increases in AEB and decreased DB. The number of notecards produced for each condition and the accuracy of teacher accuracy rated in each condition were considered. The study continued to demonstrate interdependent group contingencies are effective at increasing AEB and decreasing DB in the classroom. Variable results were found in regard to which condition produces meaningful levels of AEB, DB, level of notecard responding, and higher interobserver agreement (IOA) rates. Tootling with a formalized card produced the most effective behavioral outcomes and had the highest number of completed notecards in in two of the classrooms. In addition, there were high levels IOA between the researcher and teachers on accurate notecard response rates. The results, outcomes, and implications of the study are further discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Obesity and physical inactivity have a profound impact on skeletal muscle metabolism. In the present work, we have investigated differences in protein expression and energy metabolism in primary human skeletal muscle cells established from lean donors (BMI30 kg/m2). Furthermore, we have studied the effect of fatty acid pretreatment on energy metabolism in myotubes from these donor groups. Alterations in protein expression were investigated using proteomic analysis, and energy metabolism was studied using radiolabeled substrates. Gene Ontology enrichment analysis showed that glycolytic, apoptotic, and hypoxia pathways were upregulated, whereas the pentose phosphate pathway was downregulated in myotubes from donors with obesity compared to myotubes from lean donors. Moreover, fatty acid, glucose, and amino acid uptake were increased in myotubes from individuals with obesity. However, fatty acid oxidation was reduced, glucose oxidation was increased in myotubes from subjects with obesity compared to cells from lean. Pretreatment of myotubes with palmitic acid (PA) or eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) for 24 h increased glucose oxidation and oleic acid uptake. EPA pretreatment increased the glucose and fatty acid uptake and reduced leucine fractional oxidation in myotubes from donors with obesity. In conclusion, these results suggest that myotubes from individuals with obesity showed increased fatty acid, glucose, and amino acid uptake compared to cells from lean donors. Furthermore, myotubes from individuals with obesity had reduced fatty acid oxidative capacity, increased glucose oxidation, and a higher glycolytic reserve capacity compared to cells from lean donors. Fatty acid pretreatment enhances glucose metabolism, and EPA reduces oleic acid and leucine fractional oxidation in myotubes from donor with obesity, suggesting increased metabolic flexibility after EPA treatment.

Objetivo: El objetivo del estudio fue evaluar el rendimiento diagnóstico de los predictores radiómicos F18-FDG PET/CT en la respuesta patológica completa a la quimioterapia neoadyuvante en pacientes con cáncer de mama. Material y métodos: Se utilizaron 127 registros para la conformación de un simulacro de datos y 19 fueron incluidos en el análisis final. Se analizó edad, respuesta al tratamiento y las características radiómicas. Resultados: La distribución de la respuesta al tratamiento fue parcial en 13 pacientes (68.42%), respuesta total en tres pacientes (15.79%), estabilidad en dos pacientes (19.53%) y progresión en una paciente (5.26%). Se construyó un conjunto empaquetado de un modelo LightGBM en 3 pliegues dadas 85 características originales. Conclusión: Se demostró un rendimiento diagnóstico de las características radiómicas superior al estándar de oro. Aunque aún hay que demostrar la utilidad de este enfoque en la predicción correcta y temprana del tratamiento, este estudio sugiere que las características radiómicas de textura obtenidas por PET/CT pueden ser útiles en la predicción de la respuesta al tratamiento.

Anna Uryga and Mandy Grootaert et al. combine cell culture and animal models to examine how senescence of human vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) and persistent telomere damage drive inflammation. Their results suggest that telomere injury can be the primary cause of premature senescence in VSMCs, and that DNA damage can be a major cause of persistent inflammation in vascular disease.

This work focuses on the first use of ultrasonic phenol-ene coupling as a polymer analogous transformation. The ultrasonic reaction was introduced into chitin chemistry, resulting in the fast and convenient preparation of new water-soluble cationic chitin derivatives. Since water-soluble derivatives of fully deacetylated chitin are poorly described in the literature, the synthesis of each new type of these derivatives is a significant event in polysaccharide chemistry. Polycations, or cationic polymers, are of particular interest as antibacterial agents. Consequently, the resulting polymers were tested for their antibacterial activity and toxicity. We found that the highly substituted polymer of medium molecular weight exhibited the most pronounced in vitro antibacterial effect. We prepared nanoparticles using the ionic gelation technique. The most effective in vitro antibacterial chitin-based systems were tested in vivo in rats. These tests demonstrated outstanding antibacterial effects combined with an absence of toxicity. Additionally, we found that the resulting polymers, unlike their nanoparticle counterparts, also exhibited strong antioxidant effects. In summary, we demonstrated the effectiveness of ultrasound in polymer chemistry and highlighted the importance of the sonochemical approach in the chemical modification of polysaccharides. This approach enables the synthesis of derivatives with improved physicochemical and biological properties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Electrical pulse stimulation (EPS) has proven to be a useful tool to interrogate cell-specific responses to muscle contraction. In the present study, we aimed to uncover networks of signaling pathways and regulatory molecules responsible for the metabolic effects of exercise in human skeletal muscle cells exposed to chronic EPS. Differentiated myotubes from young male subjects were exposed to EPS protocol 1 (i.e. 2 ms, 10 V, and 0.1 Hz for 24 h), whereas myotubes from middle-aged women and men were exposed to protocol 2 (i.e. 2 ms, 30 V, and 1 Hz for 48 h). Fuel handling as well as the transcriptome, cellular proteome, and secreted proteins of EPS-treated myotubes from young male subjects were analyzed using a combination of high-throughput RNA sequencing, high-resolution liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry, oxidation assay, and immunoblotting. The data showed that oxidative metabolism was enhanced in EPS-exposed myotubes from young male subjects. Moreover, a total of 81 differentially regulated proteins and 952 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were observed in these cells after EPS protocol 1. We also found 61 overlapping genes while comparing the DEGs to mRNA expression in myotubes from the middle-aged group exposed to protocol 2, assessed by microarray. Gene ontology (GO) analysis indicated that significantly regulated proteins and genes were enriched in biological processes related to glycolytic pathways, positive regulation of fatty acid oxidation, and oxidative phosphorylation, as well as muscle contraction, autophagy/mitophagy, and oxidative stress. Additionally, proteomic identification of secreted proteins revealed extracellular levels of 137 proteins were changed in myotubes from young male subjects exposed to EPS protocol 1. Selected putative myokines were measured using ELISA or multiplex assay to validate the results. Collectively, our data provides new insight into the transcriptome, proteome and secreted proteins alterations following in vitro exercise and is a valuable resource for understanding the molecular mechanisms and regulatory molecules mediating the beneficial metabolic effects of exercise.

In the cation of the title salt, C17H18N3S+·Br−·C3H7NO, the central thiazolidine ring adopts an envelope conformation with puckering parameters Q(2) = 0.310 (3) Å and φ(2) = 42.2 (6)°. In the crystal, each cation is connected to two anions by N—H... Br hydrogen bonds, forming an R42(8) motif parallel to the (10\overline{1}) plane. van der Waals interactions between the cations, anions and N,N-dimethylformamide molecules further stabilize the crystal structure in three dimensions. The most important contributions to the surface contacts are from H...H (55.6%), C...H/H...C (17.9%) and Br...H/H...Br (7.0%) interactions, as concluded from a Hirshfeld analysis.

In the crystal of the title compound, C7H5FN4S, the molecules are non-planar, with dihedral angle formed by least-squares planes of tetrazole and benzene rings of 59.94 (8) °. The crystal packing is formed by N—H...S hydrogen bonds, which link the molecules into centrosymmetric dimers with an R22(8) ring motif, and by the offset face-to-face π–π stacking interactions between the benzene rings, which join the dimers into layers parallel to (100). The Hirshfeld surface analysis shows that the most important contributions to the surface contacts are from N...H/H...N (21.9%), S...H/H...S (21.1%), H...H (14.6%), F...H/H...F (11.8%) and C...H/H...C (9.5%) interactions.