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The relationship of Hollywood blackface is traced to the figure of the shadow in the moving and still pictures of the 1930s. In the film and in the reading that has placed it on the critical map, 'shadow' is simply another name for the docile blackface double through whom the Jewish immigrant Jakie Rabinowitz is reborn as the American Jack Robin.

The Health Self-Determinism Index--Sexual (HSDI-S) is a modification of the HSDI (a measure of motivation of health). Psychometric evaluation was needed to determine the usefulness of the HSDI-S as a measure of motivation of sexual health. The purpose of this study was to assess the reliability and validity of the HSDI-S. Three unique samples of HSDI-S scores were evaluated using principal component and maximum likelihood factor analyses with a Varimax rotation. Items that loaded on each of the factors were similar across all three samples. Factor analyses revealed two dimensions of the HSDI-S: self-directed and partner-directed motivation, which is discussed within the context of relationships. The ranges of internal consistency reliability coefficients across the samples were satisfactory for the HSDI-S (.74-.82) and for the two dimensions (.66-.77). Reliability and construct validity of the HSDI-S across three diverse samples was supported. Keywords: validation; motivation; sexual health

This study conducted a psychometric evaluation of the construct validity of the Health Self-Determinism Index-Sexual (HSDI-S). The instrument was modified to measure motivation related to sexual health rather than motivation of general health in the Health Self-Determinism Index (HSDI). The HSDI-S was completed by 260 conveniently selected women (between the ages of 18 and 44) attending primary-care clinics in the southeastern United States. Confirmatory factor analysis using LISREL did not validate the four subscales of the original HSDI. Subsequent exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis isolated a single-factor model composed of eight items:four judgment items and four external/internal cues items. This finding is suggestive that changes in wording appear to have shifted the responses from motivation for sexual health to that of women perception of their role in intimate relationships. The eight extrinsically worded items isolate a single-factor model of social and cultural influences of childbearing-age women's intimate relationships., Nursing, in its quest to understand the whys of behavior, is challenged to explore the motivation for health promotion and healthful behaviors. Understanding the influence of motivation on individuals' behavior [...]